Introduction

Features of motor activity at primary school age.

Organization of health-improving, sports-mass work at school.

Forms of physical culture and health-improving work with children of primary school age

Conclusion.

Introduction.

One of the main tasks of the school is to improve the health and proper physical development of students. For this purpose, various forms are used: a lesson in physical culture, physical education minutes, sports sections, mobile changes, an hour of health, sports holidays, days of health and sports. Teachers are working together primary school, physical education and health tracker.

With all the importance of the lesson as the basis of the process of physical education at school, the leading role in familiarizing with daily activities physical exercise students, of course, belongs to extracurricular fitness and sports and mass sports.

V last years this work, along with its existing forms, has practically been enriched by very effective types of health improvement of students, increasing their working capacity, to a certain extent psychological impact on their consciousness of the idea of ​​the need to use physical culture and sports in their daily activities. Physical education and health activities should generally cover all students in the school.

Considering the motor activity of children, we observe it in movements of various forms, in which speed, strength, dexterity, endurance, or a combination of these qualities are manifested to one degree or another. The degree of development of physical qualities and determines the quality side motor activity children, the level of their general physical fitness.

Combining physical education with general physical fitness, we thereby carry out the process of a comprehensive physical fitness, which is of great health value.

Features of motor activity at primary school age

The main indicators of the general physical fitness of schoolchildren were, are and will be achievements in basic movements. In them, as in focus, one can see the ability to control one's body, the ability to perform movement economically, quickly, accurately. In these movements, the level of development of physical qualities, speed, dexterity, strength, etc. is revealed. Of course, pedagogical process on physical education is not limited to a narrow set of exercises "applicable in life." The more the number of motor conditioned reflexes a student acquires, the more complex and varied motor tasks the teacher can set for the students, the easier the skill is acquired. And the motor skill is characterized by the unification of private operations into a single whole, the elimination of unnecessary movements, delays, an increase in the accuracy and rhythm of movements, a decrease in the time for performing an action as a whole, a strict consistency in movements, and the coherence of various body systems.

The motor skill allows you to save physical and mental strength, facilitates orientation in the environment, and frees your mind for timely comprehension of the action.

It is known that the lack of movement in the life of children of primary school age is one of the reasons for poor posture, deterioration in the ability of the foot, the appearance of excess weight and other disorders in physical development: insufficient physical activity reduces functional cardiovascular and respiratory systems the child, as a result of which there is an inadequate reaction of the heart to the load, the vital capacity of the lungs decreases, and motor development slows down. A sedentary child possesses a smaller volume of motor skills, a lower level of motor qualities is characteristic of him. Children with movement deficits have less strength and endurance, are less fast and agile, less tempered, and get sick more often.

It is known that the need of children of primary school age to move 18-22% per day is satisfied by independent, spontaneous movements. These include the movements of the arms, legs. Turns of the torso, head, hand movements during writing, labor, drawing, going to the board, etc. however, the spontaneously created movements in the classroom cannot fully satisfy the students' movements.

On days when a physical education lesson is held according to the schedule, the deficit in motor activity is 40%, and on days when they are not, it increases to 80%. Based on their data that the lesson maximally compensates for 40% of the natural biological need of schoolchildren for movement, the daily volume of active movements should be at least 2 hours, and the weekly volume should be at least 14 hours.

At the present stage of development of schools, it is unacceptable to limit the physical activity of students only in physical education lessons. In a school environment, hypodynamia can be eliminated by those types of physical education that are daily, massive and mandatory for all healthy children.

All types of physical culture and health-improving work in the regime of extended day schools play a huge role here. They are the main providers of the movements a child needs. In schools where physical culture and health work in all its kind, where it is compulsory for everyone healthy people, there is no problem of "motor starvation" with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, from the first days it is necessary to teach schoolchildren to strictly observe the regime. Failure to comply with the regime, inability to systematically distribute time negatively affects the growing body of the child.

When we see a sluggish, nervous, insufficiently physically developed child with poor posture, we can also unmistakably say that he is little outdoors, is inactive, and goes to bed late. This means that he does not get enough sleep. The lack of physical education, physical exercise negatively affects not only the physical development, but also the neuropsychiatric status of the child.

A solid routine that provides for all the moments of the motor regime will help children to build their day in such a way that there is enough time for lessons, and for help at home, and for games and entertainment, and playing sports. A variety of movements are essential for the growth and functioning of a child. People knew that the movement promotes health for a long time. We often hear talk about physical inactivity, i.e. on the decline physical activity insufficient physical activity... A seven-year-old child spends 3-4 hours at a school desk, then prepares homework for 1-1.5 hours and sits in front of the TV for the same amount. And without movement, without proper rest in the air, there is, as a rule, no full development.

Physical inactivity is fraught with the danger of causing various kinds of unwanted deviations in the child's health, leading to mental disorders and nervous breakdowns. And vice versa, in schoolchildren who do physical exercises every day, slightly larger increases in height differ, the circumference increases significantly chest, the vital capacity of the lungs and muscle strength are increased. Significant changes also occur in metabolism: better absorbed nutrients, oxidative processes are more intensive. Physical culture classes are beneficially reflected on the development of the entire musculoskeletal system of the child, which creates conditions for the development of health.

Physical education at school in primary grades continues to teach children:

Breathe correctly, combine breathing with movement;

Difficulty walking and running;

I run with obstacles;

Initial skills of long and high jump with a running start;

Toss and catch the ball with one or two hands;

Throw the ball at the target at different distances;

Climb different ways on the gymnastic wall;

Elements of sports and team games;

Swimming and skiing are often taught.

Organization of sports and recreation, sports and mass work at school

The main role in the organization of physical culture and recreational activities in the mode of academic and extracurricular day, for the organization of extracurricular and mass sports work can belong to the school council of the collective for physical culture.

Sports sections - are created for students who want to regularly engage in a particular sport. When creating a sports section, first of all, the conditions are taken into account to ensure their successful work - the presence sports base, specialization of those persons who can conduct classes. In each sports section, students are divided into age groups: junior, middle, senior. Classes in sections are held 2 - 3 times a week. Before enrolling in the section, students must undergo a medical examination by a school doctor or clinic at their place of residence.

Along with the sports sections, groups for general physical fitness (GPP) are being created at the school. Their task is to increase the general physical fitness of students through the use of various means of physical culture and sports in classes with them, which form the basis of the curriculum for physical culture. Students who are somewhat behind in their physical development or who need additional classes as insufficiently prepared to fulfill the requirements of the curriculum are involved in classes in such groups.

Work with students classified for health reasons as a special medical group(SMG), occupies one of the important places in the implementation of the tasks of physical education of schoolchildren and is carried out in groups of physical therapy (exercise therapy). Classes in groups (exercise therapy) are carried out with children referred to a special medical group (SMS) with deviations in health, which are contraindicated for increased physical activity. Group exercises (exercise therapy) can be either permanent or temporary, depending on the disease.

The task of preparing students to fulfill educational standards is one of the central places in educational activities in physical culture. The implementation of the task of passing control standards directly depends on the effectiveness of physical education lessons, on the extent to which students have mastered the practical and theoretical material of the curriculum, what level of mastering skills, abilities, qualities and knowledge the physical education teacher was able to provide to his students. It must be remembered that preparation for passing educational standards is carried out not only in physical education lessons, but also in extracurricular and extracurricular activities on different types sports.

Particular attention is required to students with insufficient development of motor qualities and skills. For this group of students, additional extracurricular activities are organized to prepare for the delivery of educational standards. A physical education teacher must, for this group of students, select and define individual tasks of physical exercises, based on individual, age characteristics development of physical qualities of students. It is also necessary for the physical education teacher to establish direct contact with the parents to exercise control physical condition students, in agreement with their parents, keep a diary of self-control of their physical condition.

Special tasks for the training of young athletes are solved by the training groups of the CYSS. The organizational structure of this work allows a wide range of children and adolescents to be involved in regular sports activities. Depending on the specifics of the sports cultivated in the school, branches of the CYSS can be created at the school. An important organizational and pedagogical problem is the selection of students into groups initial training DUS.

In the groups of initial training of the CYSS is carried out according to the principle of the implementation of the mass character of sports, and then only in order to achieve certain athletic performance... The creation of such a link in the structure of the school makes it possible to additionally attract a large number of students to regular classes. This group of initial training of CYSS should be an independent structural unit of the school, which should solve main task- attracting the maximum number of schoolchildren to physical culture and sports OFP means based on one of the sports. It is important to remember that in these groups, students should be involved in sports in general.

Particularly noteworthy is such a form of work as the organization of a summer sports and recreation camp, which allows to carry out year-round educational and training work with students.

Extracurricular sports work at school cannot become full-fledged if it is not accompanied by a system of school sporting events- Spartakiad. Students love them, the Olympics stimulate students to systematic, regular sports. Spartakiads are effective form promotion of physical culture and sports among students.

Organizers within school competitions need to remember that sports training must precede any student's participation in sports competitions. Only in this case the competition will be useful for the student.

The program of health and sports days includes: sport games, massive competition "" Fun starts"", "" Oh, come on, boys! "", "" Oh, come on girls! "", "" Dad, Mom - Me sport family! "", "" Leather ball "", "" White rook "", "" Jumper's day "", open starts on best runner, jumper, thrower, etc .; in winter conditions - skiing, sledging.

It is necessary that all these types of outdoor activities take place without excessive increased physical activity, it is interesting for all students. One of mandatory conditions is to provide this event with health care.

The main indicator of the effectiveness of the day of health is the mass. Therefore, during the conduct, the main attention is paid to the employment of schoolchildren, the active participation of all of them in the planned types of the program. Students temporarily exempted by a doctor from physical education are also in the class at the venues sporting events, which will have a positive effect and will find a worthy application of the acquired knowledge and skills in the further life of students, increasing the level of educational and extracurricular physical education and health work at school.

Forms of physical culture and health-improving work with children in primary school.

The physical education and health program of the school includes:

Preparation and implementation of various sports events and competitions, games, health days;

Conducting thematic class hours, conversations, parenting meetings;

Organization of excursions, hikes, walks;

Organization of interesting and fruitful leisure time, including vacation time;

Promotion of a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents;

Engaging parents and other adults

For physical and psychological relief of students, sports sections and circles have been created. Physical culture and recreation activities at school during the school day are carried out in a variety of forms.

For recreational purposes, conditions have been created to meet the biological needs of children in movement. In total, the student's physical activity is at least 2 hours a day. Such a volume is achieved thanks to gymnastics before the start of training sessions, physical education minutes in the lesson, outdoor games during breaks, physical education lessons, extracurricular activities sports activities and competitions, health days, self-study physical education.

At school for students in grades 1-5 during the lesson, a physical education minute is required. The physiologically justified time for a physical culture pause, lasting 1-5 minutes, is considered the 15-20th minute of the lesson, so the teacher plans it so that after completing the work on the logical block, you can spend a physical minute and move on to the next stage of training.

The duration of the changes is strictly observed. Children rest at least 10 minutes between lessons, and after the second and third lessons - 15 minutes.

Moreover, in mandatory the following requirements are met: maximum use of fresh air, outdoor games fresh air... This is facilitated by the presence of a playground for grades 1-5, a stadium and a sports campus on the territory of the schoolyard.

Depending on the time of the year, the day of health is held in different ways: in the fall - the "Autumn trail" tourist rally, in the winter - "Zarnitsa", in the spring - "Good fun", etc.

The result is an excellent sports training high rates of children in regional competitions have become. It is noteworthy that the graduates of the school, continuing their studies in secondary specialized educational institutions and universities, are part of sports teams these institutions participate in competitions.

Conclusion.

The main goal of education has always been the development of the mental, intellectual inclinations of the child. The rapid pace of the scientific and technological revolution inevitably leads to an increase in teaching loads that do not contribute to improving the health of students.

Computerization of a modern school, the introduction of computing technology into the educational process without due observance age restrictions negatively affect health, leading to the development of severe fatigue in children and adolescents.

Our turbulent XXI century can be called without exaggeration the century of hypodynamia, or reduced mobility, and hypokinesia - a decrease in strength and range of motion. Therefore, the protection of children's health is one of the most important tasks of our time. After all, the correct, harmonious development of children is the guarantee of the health of future generations. The only way leading to the health of every child is the attitude of a person to his health. One of the most important tasks of improving the educational process is the organization of the motor regime of schoolchildren, which provides active rest and satisfies the natural need for movements.

Sports competitions should help to attract as many children and adults as possible to physical education.

The main task is to convey to children that health is a jewel, for the sake of which it is really worth not only to spare no effort, time, but also to give up addictions. Every child should know that a healthy lifestyle is the most reliable remedy preservation and strengthening of health.

In order to promote a healthy lifestyle, it is proposed to use the following forms of work with schoolchildren: drawing contests, newspapers and posters, essay contests, and conducting classroom talks.

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The educational and training process is educational and training sessions conducted in order to educate and improve the sportsmanship of an athlete and prepare him for performing at competitions.

Organization of educational training process:

The sports section organizes work with students during the calendar year. The beginning and end of the school year depends on the specifics of the sport, the calendar of sports competitions, the periodization of sports training and is set by the administration of the sports school for each sport individually;

Educational and training sessions in sports departments sports sections are conducted in accordance with the annual curriculum, designed for 46 weeks of study training sessions, directly in the conditions of sports sections and an additional 6 weeks - in the conditions of a health camp of a sports profile and (or) according to the individual plans of students for the period of their active rest;

The main forms of the educational and training process are: group educational and training and theoretical classes, work on individual plans, medical rehabilitation activities, testing and medical control, participation in competitions, match meetings, training camps, instructor and referee practice.

It is recommended to establish the obligation to work according to individual plans at the stages of sports improvement and higher sportsmanship;

The schedule of classes (trainings) is compiled by the administration of the sports sections at the suggestion of the trainer-teacher in order to establish a more favorable training regime, rest for students, train them in educational institutions taking into account the age characteristics of children and the established sanitary and hygienic standards.

For all kinds of sports, in addition to the main trainer-teacher, it is recommended, if necessary, to involve additional trainers-teachers and other specialists within the limits of the number of hours of the educational program for conducting classes in educational and training groups, groups of sports improvement and higher sportsmanship.

To ensure the year-roundness of the educational and training process, sports training and active recreation of those involved in the vacation period, health and sports camps are organized.

When conducting training camps outside the framework of the health camp, the involvement of workers in the event can be carried out as in the conduct of tourist trips;

The duration of one lesson in groups of sports and health-improving orientation and initial training should not exceed two academic hours, in educational and training groups - three academic hours with less than four training sessions per week; in groups where the load is 20 hours or more per week - four academic hours, and with two lessons a day - three academic hours.

Physical education students is carried out in the classroom and after school hours in sports sections. The general management of the section is entrusted to the teachers of physical education at the academy, teachers of the SSGA. They may use community instructors from among the best athletes, a physical culture asset of sponsoring and sports organizations.

Before creating a section, the physical education teacher must arouse students' interest in the classes. A wide variety of means are useful here: sports wall printing, photo stands, a radio newspaper, direct propaganda of a teacher or students.

At the beginning of the academic year, you can hold a demonstration game of the leading teams of the university or invite the best teams of the city, district. Organizational meetings in groups are preceded by a general meeting of all those involved in the sports section. The time and place of the general meeting of the section must be announced in advance. Only successful university students are admitted to classes in the section. The section bureau is elected at the general meeting. The section bureau should recommend the most disciplined, successful students, who have organizational skills, who enjoy authority with their comrades.

At the meeting of the bureau of the section, a chairman and a secretary are elected, and duties are distributed among the members of the bureau. The members of the section bureau are entrusted with the following duties: monitoring the progress of the section members, their participation in social work, caring for equipment and preparing it for classes, organizing and holding competitions for the physical education team, preparing documents for assignment sports categories, agitation and propaganda, recruiting of national teams for participation in regional, city and other competitions.

The study groups of the university in the section may include students of various courses. The planning of the educational process in sports sections is subdivided into year-round and long-term. In the course of work, depending on its conditions and the timing of the competition, the plans must be adjusted accordingly. When drawing up subsequent plans, an organic connection with the previous one must be observed. All subsequent plans should include relatively more difficult material than the material of the previous plan. It should be remembered that the difficulty teaching material increases gradually and consists in the growth of requirements for the workload of students and the complexity of the program material.

The success of the work of the section largely depends on the nature of the work in the classroom, on the personal interest of all those involved.

Sectional classes are primarily sports oriented. Here, more requirements are made to functional and motor training than in school lessons and classrooms. A sectional lesson lasts 1.5-2 hours and consists of three parts: preparatory, main and final.

The preparatory part, which lasts 15-20 minutes, provides for the organization of those involved and the functional preparation of their body for the upcoming main activity. The exercises used at the beginning of the lesson should be selected in accordance with the characteristics of the upcoming main activity.

The purpose of the main part is to teach those involved in technique and tactics game techniques, develop them physical qualities... The duration of the main part (70-90 minutes) depends on the intensity of the exercises, the age and gender of the trainees, the amount of time allotted for the lesson in general.

In the final part (5-10 minutes), the body of the trainees is brought into a relatively calm state, summarize the results of the lesson. students are given homework.

The number of sectional lessons per week is planned depending on the fitness of the trainees, the period of the training process, the complexity of the material being studied. They should be at least three times a week. At the same time, the breaks should be such that the results of the subsequent training are superimposed on the previous ones and this would consolidate the functional shifts that occur in the body as a result of previous exercises.

The SSGA has 12 sports sections in such sports as:

Volleyball;

Table tennis;

Basketball;

Mini football;

Badminton;

Aerobics;

Weightlifting;

Athletics;

Shooting;

Powerlifting.

The schedule of classes for all sports is indicated in Appendix B.

The number of people involved in the sports sections of the SSGA is about 160 people, of which about 30 people are at a highly professional level. About 15 masters of sports of Russia in table tennis, aerobics, boxing, cross-country skiing.

SSGA students have won various awards at regional, federal and all-Russian competition for example. V sports club SSGA present awards: bronze medalists All-Russian Universiade 2008, winners of the Universiade Siberian Federal District 2008, 2010 and 2012 in table tennis, students also participate in the club table tennis championship of Russia, champions of the Universiade in Novosibirsk in bullet shooting, the national boxing team at the city Universiade.

The teachers of the SSGA play an important role in the sports life of the Academy and also show good results in the last sports contest of the teaching staff among the higher educational institutions of the city of Novosibirsk in 9 sports. The teachers of our Academy have successfully performed in the following competitions:

Mini-football - 3rd place;

Table tennis - 1st place;

Badminton - 3rd place;

Bullet shooting - 4th place.

Below, in Figure 5, the stand with the main awards of the academy is presented.

Figure 5 - Awards for students and teachers of the Academy

Sports events in various sports are also held in the SSGA.

Of great importance in the physical education of youth, and in particular, students, is the organization and conduct of sports competitions, as one of the most effective species organization of mass health-improving, sports and sports work... Student sports competitions are an organic continuation and an important part of the educational process in physical education, as well as a form of credit.

It should be noted that competitions held in accordance with scientific requirements should be one of the ways to involve the masses in physical culture and to identify achievements in it, both individual and especially the achievements of physical culture teams.

Sports competitions are a whole system of physical education activities, during the preparation and conduct of which extremely favorable conditions are created for educational work with students in order to develop their sense of collectivism, discipline, honesty, responsibility, self-control, will to win and other important moral strong-willed and moral human traits.

Sports competitions are an important form of educational and sports work, a continuation of the educational and training process.

During the competition, the general physical and special sports and technical readiness of students is improved, their technique and tactics are improved.

At the same time, competitions are the most effective means of checking the quality of educational and training work of individual sports organizations and the pedagogical skills of teachers-trainers and coaches and public instructors. This is a kind of public report on the work in a particular sport.

By the nature of the offset and the determination of the results, all sports competitions are divided into personal, personal-team and team.

According to the form of the competition, it can be: open, closed, full-time and correspondence, one-time one-day and multi-day, official (training), classification.

In the system of physical education of university students, sports competitions occupy an important place.

Practice has identified several ways of holding sports competitions, conditioned by their rules and regulations. The SSGA held competitions according to the position specified in Appendix A.

The SSGA uses the following methods of conducting competitions: direct, circular, elimination and mixed.

Competitions contribute to the exchange of advanced experience of coaches - teachers and students themselves, the dissemination of new high technology and the most advanced training methods. They are a means of agitation and promotion of sports among students.

The pedagogical significance of sports competitions lies in the fact that they teach athletes to use the motor skills and abilities acquired in the process of educational and training sessions in a complex and constantly changing environment. wrestling and the maximum tension of forces.

The main objectives of any competition are:

Assistance in the education of athletes;

Demonstration of socially valuable personality traits (courage, courage, respect for partners and opponents);

Improvement of motor abilities.

Implementing the correct pedagogical organization competitions in the university, it is necessary to provide for the distribution of participants by gender and physical development.

Planning in the conduct of sports competitions is an indispensable condition for the successful mass sports work in the university. Unscheduled (sudden) competitions should be avoided in every possible way. A poorly organized and conducted competition not only loses any positive educational value, but, on the contrary, often leads to negative results, can alienate participants from sports and even harm their health.

Participation in competitions allows you to significantly mobilize the physical and functional capabilities of the athlete than any training program... Only in the process of competition can an athlete reach the level of limiting functional manifestations and perform such work, which turns out to be unbearable during training sessions.

Competitions are different in purpose, scale and degree of physical tension. In connection with the tasks of preparation and the state of the athlete's fitness, the predominant orientation of the competition can be different: for victory, a record, control, training, tactical, accustoming to the conditions of the competition.

Participation in competitions for any purpose has a multifaceted effect on the physical and mental qualities of an athlete, gives knowledge and experience.

Competitions are also usually divided into training, lead-in and main competitions. It is impossible to achieve high stable results, rarely participating in competitions. It is at competitions that the potential capabilities of an athlete and his skill are manifested, shortcomings in technique are revealed, and volitional qualities are brought up. This is why the hallmark modern methodology training is a significant increase in the number of competitions per year, which naturally lengthens the competition period.

When determining the number of competitions per year for an athlete, responsible competitions and less responsible ones (there should be more of them) are envisaged, as well as participation in competitions in other sports, based on the training objectives.

For the main competitions, the athlete strives to achieve the highest athletic form, approaching this through a series of less important competitions. Entering sports uniform largely depends on the number and nature of these competitions. With the approach of the main competitions, the severity of sports meetings must certainly increase, but it is imperative to alternate more intense competitions with less difficult ones.

Success in competition is ensured by long-term training, which also includes preparation for the competition. It is carried out constantly in the course of a one-year training. Along with this, special, including psychological, training is required. Highest value has accustoming to the conditions of competition - training in conditions that simulate competition. It is also necessary to prepare athletes for possible deviations from the simulated conditions, for unexpected situations and unforeseen difficulties.

Based on the above, competitive training is both a means and a method of forced physical, technical, tactical and psychological preparation athletes.

conclusions

Used Books

Application

Introduction.

Mass sports is a part of sports aimed at physical education and physical development of citizens through organized and (or) independent classes, as well as participation in physical culture events and mass sports events. ...

Extracurricular sports and physical culture and health-improving work is one of the most important components of physical education at school.

Conducting mass physical culture and sports events is the most important component of the process of physical education of students. The goals of these events are the promotion of physical culture and sports, the introduction of students to systematic physical training. ex. and kinds of sports, summing up the results of physical culture and sports work, active rest.

School competition is the most effective measure to improve the physical fitness of students. The importance of sports competitions is especially great for the formation of moral volitional qualities and character traits. Sports activities are used to test the quality of training and educational work. They also allow you to pedagogically influence the audience.

Sport is an activity that serves the interests of society, realizing educational, preparatory, communicative functions, but is not a permanent specialty of a person. This is most pronounced in children's sports, insofar as sports activities pupils are extracurricular, provided by state plans and programs as an academic discipline at school and carried out through extracurricular and extracurricular forms of work, that is, on a purely voluntary basis.

Sports competitions are a bright emotional spectacle. The pleasure from sports shows arises due to the participation of the spectator in them, who is attracted by the high level of development of motor qualities, bold, decisive actions of the participants, and their high achievements.

Almost all types of human activity are represented in sports: cognitive, value-oriented, communication, etc. Therefore, in the process of physical education, you can actively shape the consciousness and behavior of people in the right direction. In the process of sports events, the mental education of the participants is carried out.

In the process of training, the moral development of those involved in sports also takes place. It is aimed at the formation of a person's social and value qualities, which determine his attitude towards other people, towards society, towards himself and in the aggregate represent what is commonly called moral education. Games and sporting events provide rich opportunities for the formation of norms of collective behavior. Mastering various command functions, students learn not only to organize their behavior, but also to actively influence the actions of their comrades, to perceive the tasks of the team as their own. Under the guidance of a teacher, such important moral qualities as responsibility to the team, a sense of duty, pride in the success of the team, etc. are strengthened.

The main objectives of any competition are:

Promoting the health, conditioning and diversification of students.

Raising them in the spirit of patriotism, collectivism and friendship, developing high moral and volitional qualities, increasing discipline and organization.

The wide development of individual sports at school and an increase in the sports and technical results of students.

Summing up the results of educational and training work, identifying the interests of children in certain sports, attracting students to systematic physical education and sports, promoting and popularizing sports.

Chapter 1

Organization of mass sports work at school.

Correctly organized physical culture and health work at school is the basis of a healthy lifestyle, strengthening the health of students. In the conditions of a general education school, great importance is attached to the motor regime of schoolchildren. The health and performance of students largely depends on its correct organization.

The rational organization of the motor regime meets the requirements of the time, to provide students daily activities physical exercise.

A rational motor regime should include all types of physical culture and health-improving work. Their alternation with training sessions provides a high level of physical activity, to a certain extent reduces student fatigue and increases the effectiveness of educational work.

Physical culture means provide different impact on mental tension and mental properties of a person, in particular on aggressiveness and anxiety.

IP Pavlov also noted that the behavioral activity of people is of a social nature. Of course, social conditions affect the emotions, behavior, character, psyche of people, especially young people. And in the field of sports this is especially acute.

V.I.Malinak emphasizes in his research that the further increase in the effectiveness of complex physical education of schoolchildren is largely associated with the improvement of methods of teaching children to various forms of motor activity. However, the lack of consensus on many issues of the choice and effectiveness of the various methods and teaching methods used indicates that this issue has not been sufficiently studied.

The tree also needs evaporation and frequent refreshment with the help of winds, rains, cold weather, otherwise it weakens and withers easily. In the same way, the human body generally needs strong movements, d activity and serious exercise. (Comenius J.).

The lingering socioeconomic instability in our country is clearly affecting schoolchildren. Students in difficult, critical situations show aggressiveness, anxiety, conflict, commit offenses. All this as a result of the influence on the formation of the personality.

The physical education of the child is the basis for the rest, without the correct application of hygiene in the development of the child, without the correct physical education and sports, we will never get a healthy generation. (A.V. Lunacharsky).

In this pedagogical situation, physical culture and health work solves not only health, educational, educational, but also preventive, correctional tasks. Such work is able to suspend the processes of negative impact on schoolchildren, to improve to some extent the mental state of each student and the microclimate in the group of schoolchildren.

It is necessary for every person to join physical exercises. Without this, no talk about a healthy lifestyle is unthinkable. (N. Amosov). ...

It is obvious that physical exercises, performed systematically and purposefully, have a positive effect on the psychophysiological development of schoolchildren.

Many people are already accustomed to the expression "health-saving technologies", although they understand it in their own way. Some implement the Health Lessons training program, others organize class competitions, and the third use universal program recommended by the Ministry of Education, the fourth are limited to herbal teas and vitamin salads, etc.

Of course, any such method should be welcomed, only it is important to remember the main thing: health is more than just the absence of disease. And the work on its preservation and strengthening should be carried out purposefully by pedagogical methods.

Types of competitions

A harmonious system of sports competitions has been developed in the Russian system of physical education. All major sports competitions can be conditionally divided into three groups:

1. Complex competitions with offset in many sports.

2.Annual Championship Competitions Russian Federation in all sports.

3. Competitions of a Russian scale, dedicated to significant dates, as well as for prizes established by various organizations.

Depending on the goals of the competition in sports are divided:

1) championships in which the champion is determined ( the best team, participant of the competition);

2) qualifying competitions in order to identify the strongest athletes or recruitment of the national team;

3) control competitions during training sessions (the purpose of these competitions is pedagogical control over the state of fitness and sporting achievements engaged);

4) mass competitions (Presidential Games, Presidential competitions);

5) demonstration competitions for the popularity of various sports.

According to the form of organization, the following types of competitions are distinguished:

a) closed competitions in the classroom, school, sports club, in which only students of this team participate;

b) open competitions in which teams, individual athletes from other schools can participate, rightfully challenging prize places, medals, etc .;

c) friendly (match) meetings - competitions by prior agreement between the teams of classes, schools;

d) correspondence competitions between classes, schools in the district, city, region, etc.

According to the conditions of offset, competitions can be personal and team.

Structure sports events... Competitions can be internal - (school championship in various sports, Health Days, tournaments, sports days), external - (city, zonal, regional, etc.).

1.2. Planning of sporting events.

Since sports competitions are an integral part of the educational and training process, their nature and timing are planned in advance. The main documents for planning and conducting competitions are calendar plan and regulations on competitions.

The plan for the mass sports work of the school is drawn up by all interested parties before the start of the new academic year, taking into account age groups students and school traditions. When drawing up a plan, it is necessary to weigh all the possibilities: the availability and condition of the sports base, sports equipment and the weather conditions of the region.

The draft version of the plan should be posted on the notice board for schoolchildren to familiarize themselves with it. At the very first council of physical education classes, the plan is discussed, supplemented or something is changed and approved. Then it will be carried out during the academic year.

In each school, the plan of mass sports events can be purely its own, taking into account the state and availability of a sports base, sports equipment and the qualifications of physical education teachers.

In our school - “Gymnasium named after N.V. Pushkov ", Troitsk, mass sports events are held according to the following plan (see Appendix No. 1)

Chapter 2

The working hypothesis is that a differentiated approach to the complex, systematic conduct of physical culture and recreational and sports activities at school and the individual characteristics of the physical development and physical fitness of schoolchildren attending circles and sports sections will ensure sufficient motor activity of children, will in every way contribute to their normal physical development, strengthening their health, the development of mental abilities, will have a positive effect on their studies in general, their constitution, on familiarizing with healthy way life, for their future life.

The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the means and methods of complex physical culture and health-improving and sports-mass events held at school, taking into account the individual levels of physical development and physical fitness of students.

In accordance with the goal and the hypothesis put forward, the following research objectives were set:

1. To determine the level and dynamics of physical fitness of schoolchildren.

2. To develop age guidelines for physical development and physical fitness of schoolchildren.

3. To check the effectiveness of the proposed means and methods, complex physical culture and recreational and sports events that affect physical development and physical fitness students.

Sport is one of the main forms of organizing schoolchildren for systematic physical exercise. An integral element of sports activities is the educational and training process, which is carried out in accordance with the programs of sports sections.

The main tasks of sports sections in general education and vocational school are:

• · All-round physical development, health promotion and hardening of the body of students;
• Development of individual physical abilities up to high level in order to achieve sporting success according to age and gender;
• · Formation of moral and volitional qualities in the process of training, instilling skills of cultural behavior;
• Improvement of organizational skills in mass sports and wellness work with students of different ages.

All students assigned to the main medical group, aged from 7 to 17 years old, are admitted to the sports sections of general physical training.

Students are assigned to study groups depending on age: first year of study - preparatory group(7-8 years old); second year of study - junior children's group (9-10 years old); third year of study - senior children's group (11-12 years old); fourth year of study - adolescent group (13-14 years old); fifth year of study - youth group (15-17 years old). It is advisable to recruit groups from students of the same class. Classes in sports sections by sports are organized in accordance with the programs. In accordance with sports programs, educational documentation is also developed - syllabus, graphic plan (schedule of distribution of educational material), work plan, notes and calendar of section competitions. Here is one of these documents (Table 1).

Sports competitions organized by the school's physical education council are not limited to individual sports.

The practice of physical culture has accumulated vast experience in holding sports competitions at school under the names "Sportlandia is calling you!", "Merry starts", "Starts of hopes", "Small Olympic Games" and etc.

To carry them out, you need:

• · Development of a scenario, attracting everyone who wants to participate in the competition;
• · Creation of a solemn and festive atmosphere;
• · Compliance traditional ritual opening and closing of the competition;
• · Accurate execution of the script and objective refereeing;
• · Rewarding of the winners of the competitions, the physical culture asset of the school;
• · The duration of the competition should not exceed two hours.

Table 1. Approximate calendar of section competitions athletics for 2005-2006 academic year for a group of students 13-14 years old

Students of middle and senior school age participate in competitions in sports, hiking trips, in the All-Union game "Eaglet".

To promote physical education and sports in general education schools ah sports glory evenings are organized, to which the leading athletes are invited. They demonstrate their sports qualities, talk about the successes of Soviet athletes.

Pupils of general education schools as a result of such physical culture and health-improving and sports-mass work achieve an optimal level of physical fitness.