annotation

Modernization of school education involves improving the quality of education through the introduction of innovative technologies and teaching aids. In this article, the authors propose to use martial arts and its elements in physical culture lessons both to increase interest in classes and to improve physical fitness students of general education schools.

Keywords: physical education, physical development, martial arts, schoolchildren.

DOI: 10.5930 / issn.1994-4683.2016.05.135.p214-218

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MARTIAL ARTS APPLICATION (WRESTLING) AT PHYSICAL TRAINING LESSONS

Natalya Petrovna Tagirova, Shamil Rinatovich Zainullin, the candidate of pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer, Albina Nailevna Kudyasheva, the candidate of pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer, Kazan (Volga) Federal University Branch in Naberezhnye Chelny (the Branch of Kazan Federal University in Naberezhnye Chelny), Naberezhnye Chelny; Radik R adifovich Valinurov, Pedagogical University in Naberezhnye Chelny, Naberezhnye Chelny

Annotation

The modernization of the school education consists in enhancement of the learning through the introduction of the innovative technologies and learning tools. In this article the authors suggest the use of martial arts (wrestling) and its elements at physical training lessons for increasing interest in the activities as well improving the fitness level of the students in secondary schools

Keywords: physical education, physical development, martial arts (wrestling), students.

INTRODUCTION

According to biomedical and psychological-pedagogical research, the last twenty years have been characterized by a steady decline in the health of modern adolescents, as well as the adult population of Russia. The reasons for negative trends in health are the environmental situation, the lack of preventive measures, the lack of a serious attitude to individual health, a decrease in organized and independent physical activity and a passive attitude to physical culture in all categories of the population. Meanwhile, the studies of V.K. Balsevich et al. Found that optimal physical activity stimulates the growth and development of the body, favorably affects the state of cardio-vascular system, the motor apparatus, restores mental functions.

Analysis modern program on physical education for general education schools, schools with in-depth study of subjects shows their pronounced orientation towards the educational component. Such a preferential attitude towards working out motor skills and skills, is allowed to the detriment of the education of basic physical qualities... To influence the physical development of the child, it is necessary to include him in different kinds motor activity: simple and complex. In the process physical education in school, more attention is paid to teaching basic basic movements, and therefore the process of developing physical qualities is inhibited. Researchers, as a way to overcome the above contradiction, propose various options, including innovative physical culture and health technologies, attracting children and adults to martial arts, the popularity of which is increasing every year.

The purpose of the research is to develop and experimentally substantiate the methodology of using single combats at physical culture lessons. Based on the foregoing, it is important to purposefully influence the physical development of the child. In our opinion, the most acceptable option is the development of physical qualities directly at the lessons of physical education at school. The main focus of the lessons, which are based on the material of martial arts, is: solving the problems of physical education of schoolchildren, mastering the basic skills of martial arts, introducing healthy way life and occupation physical education and sports. School lessons with elements of martial arts at school are subject to pedagogical laws and the requirements of the logic of the educational process. The lesson lasts 45 minutes and includes preparatory, main and final parts. The preparatory part of the lesson (5-8 minutes) prepares the body for further physical activity... The preparatory part of the lesson can include movements characteristic of wrestlers; speed-strength exercises. At the same time, it should be noted that in the senior grades its intensity must be increased. In the main part (25-30 minutes), the optimal level of performance of schoolchildren is ensured. The main part is the development of various techniques of techniques and the process of training physical qualities. When conducting this part of the lesson, it is necessary to observe the correct sequence of performing exercises of different nature. It is important to take into account that it is advisable to start studying complex coordination exercises in the first half of the main part, and exercises that are performed after the preparatory part will serve as the solution to the problem of upbringing speed. It is also possible to include outdoor games of various orientations.

The final part of the lesson, lasting 3-5 minutes, is aimed at reducing the level of heart rate and returning the psychoemotional state of schoolchildren to the initial level.

RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

The first stage consisted in formulating goals, drawing up a program and a plan, determining the means and timing of the study, as well as choosing methods for analyzing and processing the information received.

The second stage involved a pedagogical experiment. There were formed groups - control and experimental from senior schoolchildren of parallel classes (8th "A" and 8th "B") in the amount of 30 people each.

The third stage consisted of processing and analyzing the information received.

The research methods included: analysis of literature data, testing (running on 30m, 6 minute test Cooper, hanging high bar, standing long jump, shuttle run 3x10 m, slope out starting position standing), methods of mathematical statistics.

OBTAINED RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION

To analyze the indicators of physical fitness of senior young men school age the indicators were used, which are presented in table 1.

Table 1

Comparison of physical readiness indices of senior school age boys from the EG, CG and age norms before the experiment

Physical abilities				Difference %		Difference (%)
Expressways	Running 30 m, s
Coordination	Shuttle run 3x10 m, s
Speed-power	Long jumps from a place, cm
Endurance	6 minutes Cooper's run, m
Flexibility
Note: significance level p<0,05

As follows from table 1, at the beginning of the experiment, no statistically significant differences were found at the significance level of 0.05.

Below are the exercises and elements of martial arts, which were included in the process of physical education lesson for the experimental group (table 2).

table 2

Exercises with elements of martial arts aimed at developing physical qualities

Physical quality	Funds
Coordination abilities	shuttle run; combinations of technical elements, circular training outdoor games and relay races, outdoor games aimed at studying wrestling.
Endurance	circuit training, outdoor games with forms of wrestling; training fights.
Speed ​​and speed-power qualities	change of starting positions by signal, ragged running from various starting positions, relay races combined with jumping, multiple throws of medicine balls of different weights at range from different starting positions, various jumps (jumping on a curbstone, jumping, jumping out, with a skipping rope, long jump from a place).
Power qualities	exercises with weights (ORU with various equipment), exercises in pairs, circular training, pull-up in the hang, exercises with the opposition of a partner.
Flexibility	stretching exercises, swings, circular movements in the joints of the upper and lower extremities.

Table 3

Comparison of indicators of physical development after the experiment

Physical abilities	Control exercises (tests)			Difference %		Difference (%)
Expressways	Running 30 m, s
Coordination	Shuttle run 3x10 m, s
Speed-power	Long jumps from a place, cm
Endurance	6 minutes Cooper's run, m
Flexibility	Lean forward from a standing position, cm
	Pulling up from a hanging position on a high bar, number of times

1. Based on the analysis of literary sources, we found that the most favorable age for the development of speed-strength qualities is senior school age. For the efficiency improvement process, it is advisable to apply comprehensive training.
2. The initial indicators of the control and experimental groups did not differ significantly.
3. The analysis of the obtained test results revealed that, according to all indicators of physical readiness among boys of both groups, there were significant improvements in the results (p<0,05), однако динамика улучшения в экспериментальной группе более ярко выражена.

LITERATURE

1. Ermolaev, Yu.A. Age physiology / Yu.A. Ermolaev. - M.: Higher school, 2005 .-- 384 p.
2. Ivanitsky, M.F. Human anatomy (with the basics of dynamic and sports morphology) / M.F. Ivanitsky. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 2006 .-- 544 p.
3. Koropenko, S.N. Defeat yourself. Aikido: the path of strength and spirit / S.N. Koropenko. - Lviv: Spolom, 2008 - 192 p.
4. Lyakh V.I. Lyakh. - M.: LLC "Firm" Publishing house AST ", 1999. - 272 p.
5. Nesterov, B.A. Motor activity and physical condition of children and adolescents / B.A. Nesterov. - Khabarovsk: [b.i.], 2001 - 244 p.
6. Nikonovich, P.N. Implementation of the initial principles of karate in a sports duel / P. N. Nikonovich. - M.: Publishing solutions "Yu", 2015 - 150 p.
7. Theory and methodology of sport / ed. F.P. Suslova, J.K. Kholodova. - M.: Soviet sport, 2007 .-- 416 p.

1. Ermolaev, Yu.A. (2005), Age-related physiology, High school, Moscow.
2. Ivanitskiy, M.F. (2006), Man "s anatomy (with the basis of dynamic and sports morphology), Physical culture and sport, Moscow.
3. Koropenko, S.N. (2008), To overcome oneself. Aikido: the way of power and spirit, Spolom, Lviv.
4. Lyakh, V.I. (1999), Tests in physical upbringing of schoolchildren: manual for a teacher, Limited Liability Company Firm "AST publishing house", Moscow.
5. Nesterov, B.A. (2001), Physical activity and physical state of children and teenagers, Far-Eastern State Academy of Physical Culture, Khabarovsk.
6. Nikonovich, P.N. (2015), Initial principles of karate realization in a sports combat, publishing house: Publishing decisions "Yu", Moscow.
7. Ed. Suslov, F.P. and Kholodov, Zh.K. (2007), Theory and methodology of sport, Soviet sport, Moscow.

Physical education lesson

"Athletic single combats:

fighting stance "

Introduction

One of the progressive directions in the modern educational process is the use of health-saving technologies. Technological progress, the use of computers in various fields of activity not only have a huge positive effect on the entire way of human life, but also lead to a sedentary (and, therefore, unhealthy) way of life.

In recent decades, there has been a deterioration in the health of students during school. According to leading scientists, the reason for this is not only the overload of curricula, but also the inability of schoolchildren to correctly alternate their work and rest, a more inert lifestyle, and most importantly, a passive attitude to the state of their own body and their psychological well-being.

It is much more difficult for children who are not accustomed to take care of their health to enter real "adult" life, as modern conditions force them to face increased competition, in which healthier and more educated peers achieve greater success in life and professional careers. In these conditions, the main priority in the activities of the teaching staff, including the physical education teacher, is teaching the health of each student.

The culture of leading a healthy lifestyle is not given to a person initially, but is the result of his training, upbringing and self-development. I believe that a social environment is of great importance for maintaining health, which encourages a person to a healthy lifestyle or forms bad habits or attitudes in him.

In my opinion, in the formation of a healthy lifestyle at school, the physical education teacher has a leading role. After all, the physical activity of children at school is carried out mainly in physical education lessons, and it is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle. Under certain conditions, physical activity can improve mental and physical performance, proper physical development, improved discipline and academic performance, as well as the elimination of bad habits associated with smoking, alcohol and drug use.

In order for schoolchildren to enjoy physical education lessons, it is necessary to properly organize the development of motivation to change behavior, aimed at maintaining and developing health.

RELEVANCE:

I noticed that high school students, especially boys, show great interest in various types of martial arts: karate, kickboxing, sambo, muay thai, boxing, hand-to-hand fighting and others, want to master the art of self-defense. Therefore, I have developed a lesson planning with methodological recommendations for the section of the program "Athletic single combats" in the 11th grade. It is compiled taking into account modern approaches to teaching. I have selected material about the martial arts of Russia, presented a brief history of other types of martial arts, which, undoubtedly, will play its educational role for students.

The developed material gives a general idea of ​​the basics of self-defense. He will provide methodological assistance in mastering the initial base of self-defense, as well as in subsequent serious training in certain types of martial arts.

Simple, effective and most effective methods of self-defense are outlined in accordance with the requirements of the curriculum.

Since athletic martial arts are introduced in the 11th grade and it is difficult to master the technique of self-defense in the allotted number of hours, it is advisable to omit the acquaintance with martial arts in the 10th grade program so that students receive a full-fledged system of knowledge in the next academic year. As an example of a technique I developed, I will give a summary of a lesson on the proposed topic:

The purpose of the lesson: teach students to perform the basic parameters of a combat stance.

Tasks:

educational:

- enrichment of individual experience with specially applied physical exercises;

developing:

Development of physical qualities and abilities;

Strengthening individual health;

educational:

Fostering a respect for your own health;

Raising the need for sports and recreational activities.

Lessons number 1-2

Learning the basic parameters of a combat stance, straight and side strikes.

P / p No.

Parts of the lesson		Dosage (min.)
	I will conclude reader naya	1. Building, setting the tasks of the lesson. 2. Warm up: but) gradually accelerating walking; b) slow running. in) I.P. - feet shoulder-width apart, arms forward. Performing fast flexion (in fists) and extension of the fingers. G) I.P. - the main stance, feet shoulder-width apart, arms to the sides. Execution - rotation of the arms back and forth in the elbow and shoulder joints. d ) I. P. - The main stand. 1. Lean forward and grab the shins at the ankle joints with your hands; 2-3. Springy bends, trying to touch the knees with the head. 4. I. P. e) I.P. - the main stance, feet shoulder-width apart, arms to the sides. Execution - alternately turning the body to the left and right. g) I.P. - basic leg stance, slightly wider than shoulders, arms above the head. Rotate with a straight torso to the right and left. h) I.P. - basic stance, left leg forward, arms up, looking up. 1.Quickly rest while sitting. 2.Quickly I.P. i) Shadowboxing. Combat stance. Technique of strikes and movements. 1. Learning the basic parameters of the combat left-sided stance. a) The chin is lowered down to the chest, glance from under the brow. b) The left fist against the face slightly in front, in a mirror image, covers part of the nose, mouth, chin, positioned above the right fist. c) The left shoulder is raised up and covers the left side of the chin. d) The right fist touches the chin on the right and covers its right side. e) The right shoulder is relaxed and slightly lowered, which allows the right elbow to cover the area where the liver is located. f) The right elbow is pressed against the right side of the body. g) The chest is hidden between the shoulders. h) The abdomen is slightly tense and tucked up. i) The pelvis is turned to the right along with the upper body. j) The legs are slightly bent at the knees, the right leg is bent slightly more than the left. k) The left leg carries a little more body weight than the right leg (60-40%). m) The left leg rests on the front of the foot, the heel is slightly raised above the floor. m) The right leg rests only on the toe, the heel is significantly raised above the floor. The feet of both legs are slightly turned to the right, the right foot is turned slightly more than the left. 2. Learning a direct blow to the head with the left from a fighting stance. 3. Learning a direct right blow to the head from a fighting stance 4. Learning a side blow with the right hand to the head from a fighting stance. 5. Learning a side blow with the left hand to the head from a fighting stance. 1. Corrective exercises on the gymnastic wall. 2. Relaxation exercise 3. Summing up.

Increasing the effectiveness of physical education by means of single combats at physical education lessons

School age is an important period in the development of the physical qualities of children. At this time, the foundations of their physical and mental fitness are laid. The main task that determines the importance of physical education as the basis for all-round development is the formation of a healthy, strong, tempered, cheerful, self-motivated teenager who has good command of his movements, loves physical exercises, independently navigates in his environment, capable of learning and subsequent active creative activity. ... The main form of organized teaching of physical exercises in general education schools is a physical education lesson. The traditional system of education and physical education, although it declares the principle of the comprehensiveness of the process of physical education, at the same time does not have adequate capabilities for its purposeful organization. In this regard, there is a contradiction between the requirements for the development of the personality of students and the modern system of education and physical education. The modern level of physical education requires long and hard work aimed at developing physical qualities, mastering the technique of skills and abilities, and fostering psychological stability. The content of educational and training sessions, forms, methods and their organization in the process of long-term training of athletes change significantly, while only general provisions concerning the means and methods of physical education remain unchanged. For the development of physical qualities, schoolchildren must carry out training work of a large volume and intensity. The loads on the body during such work are very great, but its results are not always proportional to the effort expended, especially since the introduction of a three-week cycle into the school curriculum for physical education.

The structure of physical education lessons based on the use of sambo in a comprehensive school

If we follow the evolution of the means and methods of physical education, then there is a tendency to use more and more specialized means, special devices and simulators, specific types, called "non-traditional means". In the matter of increasing the physical activity of physical fitness, the practitioners follow the path of expanding the use of non-traditional means: the use of devices, models, various types, equipment and methodological techniques that allow to more fully reveal the functional reserves of the body of school-age children. The use of sambo as a means of physical education in the educational process, in sections and at electives in extracurricular form gives a number of advantages over other means of training. This has been established in many works (18, 19, 22, 31, 35, 39). The lack of physical activity of students is to some extent compensated for in physical culture lessons. However, medical observations indicate that the development of functional properties is observed mainly in students with low initial data, while for students with relatively high functional capabilities, standard physical culture classes are not effective (5, 7, 10, 35, 43, etc. ) .. A large volume of specially used preparatory exercises aimed at the development of those muscle groups that play a decisive role in the teaching section of the school curriculum (basketball, volleyball, athletics, swimming, outdoor games, etc.). With an increase in the level of development of physical qualities, the achievement of marginal results, the effect of the use of one or another means or method of training decreases. It seems promising to use a complex of physical exercises with Sambo elements as a means of physical education, providing interrelated improvement of coordination and speed-strength qualities, increasing the effectiveness of training sessions without additional increase in the volume of loads of school-age children.

NS. Ivankov, (57), gives the following definitions: SAMBO as a means of physical education is systems, complexes used for training influence on various organs and functions of the body for training and improving motor skills, as well as for obtaining information in the process of educational and training sessions with the purpose of increasing their efficiency.

Sports sambo is an acyclic complex coordination sport, where competitions are held in three main types: (sambo - fights), combat sambo (a complex of painful and defensive techniques) and sports sambo. The formation of sambo took place in 1920-1930, when the young Soviet republic was in dire need of social protection. In 1923 in the Moscow sports society "Dynamo" V.A. Spiridonov cultivates this sport. In the same period, V.S. Sambo was actively developing. Oshchepkov is a graduate of the Kodokan Judo Institute at the Moscow Institute of Physical Education. This sport was intended for the employees of the NKVD, for the military personnel of the command staff of the Red Army. Over time, the defense system without weapons, this was the name of this sport, was continued by the wonderful students and athletes A.A. Kharlampiev and E.M. Chumakov, who enriched and brought sambo to the modern level, and in 1939 sambo was included in the standards of the TRP complex. Such outstanding athletes as A. Galkovsky, E. Chumakov, Budzinsky, A. Sagetelyan V. Volkov made a great contribution to sambo. And in 1970, one of the strongest wrestlers of the USSR, David Rudman, created the Sambo-70 school; in 1973, the future president of Russia, V.V. Putin. In February 1929, the Dynamo Moscow Society Sambo Championship was held. 1938 On November 16, the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports issued order No. 633 “On the development of freestyle wrestling (Sambo), on the basis of this order, a sambo federation was created, and the following year the 1st USSR sambo championship was held. Thus, sports sambo is more than 70 years old. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War interrupted the annual holding of the USSR championships. Sportsmen and coaches educated by SAMBO defended their Motherland with honor, they were awarded with military awards. In 1950-70s, Sambo entered the international arena, continuing the tradition of mass development of Sambo. 1986-1988. army trainers Zhukov A.G., Malym A.A., Muleyev R.A. a sambo program was created for police officers and pre-conscription youth. Since the mid-1980s, the student of A.A. Kharlampieva V.V. Volost Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department. physical education institute MPEI. The Combat Sambo Center is being created on the same base. Combat sambo rules were first published in the book of V.V. Volostnykh, A.G. Zhukov. and VA Tikhonov "Encyclopedia of Combat Sambo" (1993, 300 thousand copies in Russian English, Arabic German French and Japanese).

In 1995, the "Combat Sambo Club" was created, director V.V. Rudman, on the basis of the Moscow club, created the World combat sambo club and published the Russian - English book "Self-defense without weapons". At present, the All-Russian Sambo Federation (Eliseev S.V.) Kharlampiev and E.M. Chumakov, A. Galkovsky, Budzinsky, A. Sagetelyan V. Volkov represent a new type of coaches who bring a new sound to the general history of sambo.

They developed several forms of health improvement instead of the secret methods of fighting, which took place in the school curriculum. Great importance was attached to physical training and warm-up. Also, the activities of the overwhelming number of sambo clubs and sections in various parts of our country can be attributed to the physical culture and health aspect and training in protective actions.

Practice proves the need for a transition from traditional means and reorientation of the educational process to increase the physical activity and level of preparedness of students, therefore, it is necessary to search for another content of physical education, which is used in non-traditional means, in particular, sambo, in martial arts, which determined the topic of our research.

In the lesson and extracurricular forms of physical education, innovative means and methods are already being used that focus on martial arts, which are manifested in the dedication of the teachers of a particular school.

According to its specifics, each teacher is a person who has his own experience in the development of physical qualities, his own concept of physical training of those involved. It should be borne in mind that the development of physical qualities depends on many factors: age, sex, state of the nervous, endocrine and other body systems, adaptation to physical stress, environmental conditions, etc. However, the number and quality of muscle fibers that make up the structure are of prime importance. neuromuscular apparatus. At the stage of in-depth sports specialization, strength abilities in the process of their development acquire an increasingly directed character Yu.V. Verkhoshansky (26), but the basis for their improvement should be laid during the training period using a variety of general developmental means, among them the following are distinguished:

Exercises that have a complex effect on the main muscle groups,

Exercises aimed at increasing the already existing level of the body's functional capabilities,

Providing the necessary physical basis for improving technical and tactical skills (36, 39). According to the degree of compliance of the operating mode with the competitive exercise, three groups of means are distinguished:

Means of competitive training, which include the competitions themselves, control meetings and competitive starts in the process of training, the intensity of which approaches or surpasses the competitive one in some cases;

Specially preparatory, aimed at intensifying the development of technology and the development of lagging physical qualities;

Leads, used, as a rule, at the initial stage of training for mastering complex technical elements.

In sports games, in single combats, physical qualities develop in a dynamic character, usually in a combination of speed-strength and strength endurance in sambo as a means of keeping an opponent at a certain distance.

Therefore, in order to develop physical qualities for use in the sports life of schoolchildren, all the constituent elements are necessary, especially the interaction of educational and training activities.

Sambo elements as a means of physical education are widely used in physical education. At the same time, the most effective in terms of teaching and training athletes are those techniques that are simple and reliable in use, expedient in work, make it possible to dose loads, correspond to the biomechanical structure of a competitive exercise (25, 47, 60, 69, 67, 73.84 , 110, etc.).

It should be noted that sambo exercises as a means of physical education were initially included in the practice of school sports only as independent exercises providing additional physical activity, and as specialized adaptations for practicing certain elements of technology. Then there were programs that make it possible to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the actions of athletes directly during the exercise, with feedback and urgent information, in which several indicators of the athlete's vital activity are programmed simultaneously (8, 9, 18,21,27,31,73,78, 94 and etc.)

However, the experience of sports and training activities (sections, electives) is not transferred to school classes. It should be borne in mind that the school is attended by children with different possibilities of assimilating the material of the school curriculum and different levels of physical development.

The use of the variable training method in the lessons of the lesson form allows to significantly increase the volume and intensity of motor actions in the educational-training process, which can be regarded as a positive factor of special training among students and the general physical development of the child.

If we pay more attention to the theory of the step-by-step formation of actions and concepts, the central provisions of which are the orientation towards a given result, it is possible to model and predict the child's growth both in the sports direction and in the general development of the personality, capable of fulfilling the standards of the curriculum and preparing for an independent adult life. ...

The range of means and methods of training schoolchildren is not limited only to sports training in SAMBO as a means of physical education. These are also different types of restorative measures (sauna, massage, exercise equipment, etc. (78, 88), as well as types of classes using systems such as yoga or, for example, in an aquatic environment, autogenic training (28,90,91,101), etc.). NS.

Thus, considering the range of tools used in the physical education of school-age children, it is clear that most of them are selected taking into account the principle of three-sided personality development at the physical, functional and psychological levels. This principle provides for the organization of the selection and use of elements of SAMBO exercises as a means of physical education, in proportion to their identity with competitive exercises and the predominant direction of influence, taking into account the school curriculum. From the analysis of literary sources it follows that the rational use of sambo means in physical education and the training system in the lesson and extracurricular forms of physical education of school-age children makes it possible to:

Purposefully solve the issues of managing the educational and training process of students and more effectively teach them the technique of sports exercises;

To expand the range of means and methods used in the physical, technical, tactical, moral-volitional and theoretical training of students;

Observe the principle of conjugation, i.e. correspondence of special exercises to the main competitive movements, due to which not only physical qualities develop, but at the same time technical skill is improved;

Use the effect of overcoming and inferior modes of muscle work, taking into account the specifics of the movements of the main physical exercise;

Inventively and purposefully develop the main or specific muscle groups that determine success in this type of physical education and sports program, where maximum effort is required;

Apply local and regional exercises that help strengthen the relatively weak links of the muscular system of school-age children;

Repeat difficult coordination exercises in a given mode;

restore the main phases and details of motor actions in muscle memory;

As you know, low physical activity negatively affects the function of the musculoskeletal system, a decrease in the level of physical fitness, a decrease in working capacity and brings the body closer to a disease state.

Numerous studies (4,5,33,41,8 3) prove that restriction of physical activity leads to detraining of the body and adversely affects not only the heart and its functional reserves, but also the mechanisms of blood circulation.

The use of sambo exercises as a means of physical education at physical culture lessons in the lesson and extracurricular forms is one of the solutions to this contradiction of physical activity.

Sambo exercises as a means of physical education in physical culture lessons in a lesson form allow to activate the motor, intellectual and health-improving activities of children, promote the involvement of children in physical exercises, fully ensure the full-fledged physical, mental and functional development of schoolchildren, since it contributes to the rapid solution of problems in unit of time.

Physical culture lessons in combination with sambo as a means of physical education in extracurricular form are carried out with the aim of consolidating and improving motor skills and abilities, developing physical qualities and abilities in a changed environment. They are based on the fulfillment of complexes of movements in combination with complexes of exercises for work in pairs, both in sports and in health-improving directions.

Sambo lessons as a means of physical education help to strengthen and normalize the interconnection of physiological systems, which ensures adaptation to the increased demands of the body.

Under the influence of regular physical training, trainees improve the conditions of external respiration, myocardial metabolism, normalize thermoregulation, lipid metabolism (5,15,16,25,29, 30).

The basic basis of physical training of schoolchildren is the acquisition of skills, as well as the solution of educational, upbringing and health problems.

An integral part of the educational process in physical education classes for students is control over the quality of knowledge and skills. The control of knowledge and skills is an integral part of almost all types and forms of training sessions, and its results are the basis for both correcting the work of students and changing the methodology and content of the curriculum, optimizing the entire organizational structure of the educational process.

One of the unused opportunities is the increase and expansion of the role and significance of the elements of sports training for solving pedagogical problems in the process of training. The main goal is to develop methodological justifications for using them in accordance with didactic tasks to optimize the management of educational and training activities.

Complexes of exercises with elements of sambo as a means of physical education are currently used not only in out-of-class training, but also in the lesson form of physical education of schoolchildren. The organization of the lesson improves, its density, content, emotionality increases; Sambo lessons as a means of physical education in the system of additional education help both in improving physical qualities and in the process of teaching motor actions (32,35,39).

Considering the main directions that determine the interest in physical culture, a number of specialists (25,29, 36,41,42,49,72), among others, point to the improvement of the management system in educational institutions. Therefore, it is quite natural for the attempts of scientists and practitioners to use non-traditional means of physical education in educational institutions for these purposes.

The use of sambo as a means of physical education for physical improvement is an essential factor in the modern stage of physical culture development. At the same time, sambo wrestling exercises perform two important functions:

Their use determines the objectivity of control over the physical condition and physical fitness;

they can be used as a training tool in training sessions.

Research by Yu.M. Zakaryev, S.F. Ionov, Ch.T. Ivankova, V.A. Nikiforova, B. M. Rybalko, G. S. Tumanyana and others showed that wrestling promotes an intensive increase in physical fitness, dexterity, coordination and more harmonious development of adolescents.

A number of authors A.S. Kuznetsov, A.I. Sokolov, Kalyabin V.A., Litvinov S.A., A.V. Safoshin and others have already made an attempt to reasonably introduce elements of struggle in physical education lessons, having received good results, and thereby, confirming the correctness of the chosen path. The elements of sambo wrestling were studied, the techniques were consolidated and improved with specific means and outdoor games. But sports matches were not held due to the possibility of injury. Although this is a step forward, such a program seems to us incomplete, since the work focuses on the development of physical qualities, without taking into account the technique of movements, its structure, which, as it seems to us, should have, if not a limiting, then a dominant value, then without sports fights and competitions create a misconception about wrestling. Since the criterion of truth is practice and since absolute truth is difficult to achieve, when moving forward, feedback is needed from the practical result to cognition, which is very difficult to achieve without fighting.

Sambo as a means of physical education with three-time physical education lessons requires more thorough research. It is these questions in relation to the students that did not find their scientific substantiation and thus cause difficulties in the practical activity of physical culture teachers, which determined the direction of our work.

The problem of creating and introducing sambo exercises as a means of physical education, in the variable system of additional education in physical education, is urgent. The tendency to an increase in the intensity of special training work necessitates the widespread use of non-traditional means and special exercises from sambo as a means of physical education, which have the specifics of various sports and taking into account the individual abilities of students (9,13,19,21,26,39, etc.) ...

In addition, television is doing a huge amount of advertising work for physical exercises with elements of wrestling, showing daily feature films in which martial arts are present. And almost all school-age children have their own idols who have Sambo skills as a means of physical education.

The integrated use of SAMBO as a means of physical education, providing both physical and functional training, and psychological, contributes to the optimization of the educational and training process and fits into the system of physical education in secondary school conditions.

Conclusion

Analysis of scientific and methodological literature data showed that many authors note an insufficient level of development of coordination and speed-strength qualities in school-age children. In this connection, the physical performance of a large part of students is below the proper level. Physical education during the period of study in a comprehensive school, as a rule, does not lead to positive changes in the physical state of the body. In the literature available to us, contradictory data are presented on the criteria of the load that provides the training effect. The issues related to the regulation of loads in accordance with the capabilities of the body have been little studied. The existing approaches to the dosage of physical activity for this contingent are based mainly on average age standards, which does not make it possible to take into account the individual characteristics of the body's response to various training loads.

The use of non-traditional forms, in particular, the introduction of exercises and sambo complexes as a means of physical education in lesson and extracurricular forms can significantly increase the level of physical fitness of students. Exercises with elements of sambo as a means of physical education simultaneously contribute to the development of physical qualities, increase in physical and functional readiness, sports and health-improving orientation.

Pedagogical technology teaching students the elements of martial arts

in physical education lessons

Introduction

For decades, the intensity of discussions between specialists in the field of physical education of schoolchildren has not decreased on the following question: "What should be a physical education lesson?" Judging by a number of publications, the following main approaches to reassessing the goal, objectives and essence of the content of physical education lessons in general education institutions are currently identified. Firstly, this is a new understanding of their health-improving goal, when the highest value of school physical education is the health of students, a high level of physical development and physical fitness. Secondly, we can talk about an extensive approach, in which the main thing is a significant training effect due to an increase in the volume of school lessons, and, thirdly, about a sports-oriented approach based on a rational combination of classroom-lesson and sectional forms of training (lesson- training type).

Wrestling classes are considered by many specialists as one of the most effective means of physical training of the younger generation and, therefore, are of great applied importance. Various types of wrestling are widely practiced in educational institutions (vocational schools, technical schools, universities). Since 1975, classical wrestling classes have been used in physical education in a comprehensive school, starting from the 7th grade from the 1993-94 academic year, he included elements of martial arts in the content of the program material.

Many years of experience in the development of sports types of wrestling in our country and abroad allows us to say that the section of wrestling in the school curriculum should permeate the entire process of physical education, starting from the 1st grade. Analyzing the curriculum of a general education school in physical education since 1975, when the section "Wrestling" appeared in them (for middle school students - 8 hours, senior - 10 hours a year), he showed that this sport was and remains far from developed ...

Now we know how popular women's judo, sambo, and freestyle wrestling are in the world.

I believe that lessons with elements of martial arts in the school curriculum are necessary. I teach freestyle wrestling lessons. Their significance is extremely high. In teaching the elements of struggle, I distinguish the following tasks:

1. Comprehensive physical development of students.

2. Military-applied training.

3. Effective use of mind and body.

4. Search for effective methods and means in teaching students the elements of martial arts.

Pedagogical technology of teaching students the elements of martial arts

I teach the elements of martial arts according to the principles of pedagogy: conscientiousness and activity, systematicity and consistency, visibility and accessibility.

From the first lessons I tell the children that the lesson of wrestling is not only the development of physical qualities, but also the acquisition - cunning, wit, and the grace of technology. I teach them not to give up classes without good reason (reasons). I ask them to respect themselves, their opponents, the hall, the rules of the competition.

In martial arts lessons, good physical fitness is needed: acrobatic training - for the development of agility, exercises with weights, shock absorbers - for the development of strength, crosses - for the development of endurance.

Classes are structured so that the preparation of students for the performance of the assigned tasks, their very implementation and the end of the lesson are clearly demarcated. Based on this, the lesson should include: introductory, main and final parts.

In the introductory part of the lesson, the task is to focus the attention of students on the work ahead and moderately warm up the body. Various types of walking, running, general developmental and special exercises are used. The main tasks of the introductory part are reduced to increasing the functional activity of all organs and muscle groups through the use of general preparatory exercises. I recommend including imitation and playing exercises that can be performed with objects (dumbbells, gymnastic sticks, medicine balls, skipping ropes) and without them, it is very important to use exercises with elements of acrobatics, on a gymnastic wall, with gymnastic benches, etc.

Let's dwell on the most valuable exercises:

1. Exercises that increase the range of motion, ie. flexibility exercises.

2. Exercises in balance. I guide them through the following degrees of difficulty: without complications, with closed eyes, with a load (gradually increasing it), with a load and closed eyes.

3. Exercises for the development of dexterity (somersault by a jump over someone who is on all fours, roll over someone who is on all fours, roll over a person's back, holding his hands; a wheel, a wheel with a turn, etc.)

4. Exercises to strengthen the ligaments and partly to develop strength (exercises with dumbbells, medicine balls, in pairs, etc.)

5. Exercises for the development of strength (exercises with a barbell, rubber shock absorbers, exercises to overcome the opponent's gravity (without resistance from the opponent and with metered resistance from the opponent), etc.

6. Exercises for the development of speed of movement. To develop this quality, I recommend the following exercises: tossing a small ball to each other, catching a ball thrown up, bouncing off the floor, a flat wall, walls with irregularities, making sweeps on a falling ball or piece of paper, on a ball rolling in different directions, running for short distances, starts from all kinds of positions.

7. Exercises of self-belay and belay (rolls, various somersaults, falls with support on hands, falls forward from the main stance, falls when grabbing the legs from behind, fall forward with weights, fall forward with a roll on the chest, falls to the side and backward with support on hands, somersault on the side over the partner's hand, over an obstacle, etc.

The main part of the lesson in terms of structure can be simple and complex depending on the goal - the study of techniques and tactics of struggle, repetition and practice of techniques with full resistance and without partner's resistance. I teach the techniques in the following order:

1. The teacher shows and explains the technique in full at the usual pace, then slowly, fixing the students' attention on the main points. After such a general acquaintance, I show the reception by divisions and at the same time draw attention to the peculiarities of its implementation and possible errors. This form allows students to quickly master the technique being studied.

2. The trainees perform the technique against a non-resisting partner until they have mastered it completely and technically correctly.

The technique of performing the technique is consolidated and then improved with a resisting partner in subsequent workouts. Moreover, the partner's resistance during the training should increase as the technique improves.

Freestyle wrestling techniques are subdivided into:

Standing fight

Stances, distances, preparation for grabs, movement and deceiving movements. Methods of preparing for throws, starting positions for conducting throws and approaches to throws. Breakouts of defensive grabs

Insurance and self-insurance

Combinations of throws

Defenses against throws

Return throws

Lying fight

Starting positions and auxiliary actions.

Insurance and self-insurance.

Favorable positions for carrying out the techniques of the fight lying down.

Preparing for lying wrestling techniques.

Breakouts of defensive grabs

Failure.

Rollover.

Hold.

Painful techniques.

Suffocating tricks.

Defenses against lying techniques.

In each lesson I include elements of both teaching and training. In the first lessons, it is mainly training, and in subsequent lessons, training. Training should start with easy exercises and gradually move on to more difficult ones. During the lessons, the students should receive from the teacher a correct, vivid, long-lasting idea of ​​the technique. I arrange the material of the lessons according to the well-known rule from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, from known to unknown. I try to widely resort not only to natural display, but also to the demonstration of schemes, drawings, cinematograms, etc. I propose an approximate scheme for studying techniques.

An approximate scheme for studying techniques:

1. Name the technique.

2. Justify the technique, talk about its meaning in the complex of techniques.

3. Show the reception at a pace - visually, clearly, exemplarily.

4. Show the technique in slow motion, focusing on the main elements, and then show it again at the usual pace.

5. Tell about the most favorable conditions for the reception.

6. Pay attention to the most common mistakes when performing a reception.

7. Make pairs of students and start learning the technique.

8. The study of the technique to begin with its implementation without the resistance of the partner and without moving on the carpet.

9. Perform a reception in motion on the carpet with the resistance of a partner.

The first lessons of wrestling I devote entirely to the study of the elements of belaying and self-belaying, since all techniques in the stance are associated with the fall of the attacked, and often the attacker. Therefore, both partners must be well oriented in space and cushion the fall. At the same time, close attention is paid to training the vestibular analyzer using jumps with rotation, somersaults, turns, acrobatic jumps. The following lessons are devoted to the study of lead and simulation exercises, which can also be given to students as homework. In the classes, outdoor games are introduced that develop dexterity, strength endurance (riders' fight, cockfighting, wrestling in a circle, struggle for capture), that is, they recreate real conditions of struggle in the form of highly emotional games. Only after familiarization and satisfactory performance of self-belaying techniques can one proceed to the study of the simplest technical actions. These include, first of all, unbalance. At the same time, they move on to studying techniques in the stalls, performing various coups with the grip of the belt, holdings from the side, from the side of the legs. You can get acquainted with 5-8 techniques in lying wrestling, but consolidate to a skill level of no more than 3-4. Similarly, in standing wrestling, you can study 12-15 techniques, but I recommend improving the individual technique of techniques no more than 3-4.

The task of the final part of the lesson is to bring the body of the students into a relatively calm state. For this, slow walking, relaxation exercises, etc.

We must not forget about the theoretical training of students. I suggest topics for theoretical studies:

1. The history of freestyle wrestling

2. Brief information about the structure and functions of the human body.

3. Hygiene and injury prevention.

4. Applied value of freestyle wrestling.

5. Competition rules.

6. Basics of technique and tactics of freestyle wrestling.

7. Athlete ethics.

From the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Wrestling lessons allow not only to improve the attitude of students to physical education at school, but also to raise their physical fitness to a qualitatively higher level.

2. The combat section and self-defense techniques complement this type of wrestling with the most effective sports techniques used in difficult conditions.

3. The elements of the fight are easily dosed. They can be given in a differentiated manner, depending on the individual abilities of students.

4. Wrestling lessons are essential in preparing students for military service.