Regulations for organizing official physical culture and health sports events in the territory of the municipal district kushnarenkovsky district of the republic of bashkortostan. Organization and holding of mass sports competitions

Practice is the basis for the formation of comprehensive physical qualities. Requirements for the organization of a physical education lesson. The sequence of teaching physical exercises. Development and improvement of physical qualities. Content, organization and methodology of physical culture lesson. Features of the organization of a complex lesson. The material and technical base is a condition for organizing physical culture sporting events.

Organization and methodology for conducting gymnastics lessons.general characteristics gymnastic exercises. Gymnastics lessons. Teaching methodology gymnastic exercises... Gymnastic terminology.

Organization and methodology for conducting swimming lessons. Organization of swimming lessons. Swimming lessons. Swimming teaching methodology. Safety precautions and rules of conduct on the water.

Organization and method of conducting lessons on athletics. Organization of athletics lessons. Conducting lessons in athletics. Methodology for conducting a lesson in athletics.

Organization and methodology of skiing lessons. Organization of skiing lessons. Methodology for conducting lessons. Control lesson on skiing. Ski ointments and inventory. Injury prevention.

Organization and methodology for conducting lessons in sports and outdoor games. Organization of lessons in sports and outdoor games. Methodology for conducting lessons in sports and outdoor games. Prevention of injuries in sports and outdoor games.

Organization and methodology for conducting self-defense lessons. Organization of self-defense lessons. The purpose and objectives of self-defense lessons. Psychological and pedagogical aspects of preparation for self-defense. Self-defense lessons methodology. Teaching the techniques of attack and self-defense. Terminology used in self-defense lessons. Prevention of injuries in self-defense lessons. Self-defense techniques and actions. physical gymnastic swimming self defense

Basic concepts about extreme sports. Trends in the development of extreme sports and tourism. Aquatic species extreme tourism. Terrestrial species extreme sports and tourism. Mountain types of extreme tourism. Air types of extreme tourism.

Organization of physical culture and sports events. Organization and holding of sports events. Guidelines on the organization and behavior of training. Preparation and implementation sporting events... Medical support of sports competitions. Features of the organization of refereeing sports competitions. Look physical fitness students.

Plan-calendar of sporting events is a document that reflects the names of events and competitions for academic year, dates and places of their holding, responsible for their organization, as well as the composition of the teams. It also indicates the events planned for the courses, sports competitions outside the educational institution, in which national teams and individual athletes will participate.

Responsible events are sports competitions among students, a physical fitness review, educational and training sessions in sports sections and teams. Spartakiad- complex competitions in several sports.

The order on holding competitions in a particular sport 15-30 days before their start is prepared by physical education teachers. It provides for measures for the preparation of the competition, indicates the dates and places of their holding, the composition panel of judges responsible for the preparation of seats, equipment, decoration, information, medical support, the time and place of the meeting of the representatives of the teams and the panel of judges.

To realize their potential, students must make a choice about what kind of sport to practice.

- championships in individual sports (exercises);
- friendly matches;
- equalizing (handicap), when the obviously weak partner is given the so-called handicap;
- sightseeing competitions, during which the quality (technique) of the exercises is assessed (for example, in acrobatics and diving);
- classification, during which the strongest contenders for the title of pion are selected;
- qualifying, which are held in order to recruit national teams;
- draws of cups, match meetings, mass and relay races.
- competitions held in a shorter time (blitz tournaments), for example, in chess;

Competitions can be face-to-face or part-time, open or closed, depending on the nature of the offset - personal, team and personal-team.

Kitesurfing - mixing the ancient sports and cult tradition of surfing with the unusual and ancient art of flying kites - led to the emergence of a new exotic-extreme sports discipline kite (English - kite).

Kiting - a unique type of extreme activity. Kite tracking(towing behind a kite) or flysurfing(air glide) - dynamic entertainment. Kite tracking allows you to experience skiing and snowboarding pleasures on the plain. The snake accelerates the movement of the roller and skateboarder on asphalt and off-road. Are very popular buggy- three-wheeled carts towed by a kite.

Body surfing- towing an athlete immersed in water; moonwalking - high jumps with the help of a snake, body dragging- sliding on the heels on the sand. Kitesurfing - sliding on the waves with the help of a kite on a board. Kiting is an activity for experienced extreme lovers who know a lot about gliding and aerodynamics.

Paragliding (combination of parachute and gliding) - popular, fast-moving and one of the dangerous species sports (fig. 117).

Methods of teaching students to swim using breaststroke method. The breaststroke method on the chest is one of the applied swimming methods, it is used when swimming over long distances, diving, as well as when transporting goods. This is the main way to teach swimming to students.

In the initial breaststroke position, the swimmer lies on the water almost horizontally; the face is lowered into the water; arms extended and joined in front of the head; palms facing down and to the sides and thumbs touch each other; the legs are extended, closed, the feet are slightly turned inward.

The swimmer's leg movements are performed simultaneously and symmetrically and are divided into preparatory and stroke movements. Preparatory movements carried out from the starting position, the legs bend smoothly and with great muscle tension, bending at the hip and knee joints. During the pull-up, the knees, dropping down, are slightly parted to the sides, and the feet, moving at the surface of the water, turn their toes towards each other. Before the end of the pull-up, preparation of the feet and legs for the stroke begins. In this case, the feet turn with their toes outward and are taken over (dorsiflexion is performed), and the legs are spread apart. In this position, the inner surface of the feet and lower legs is set towards the movement produced during the stroke.

Grebkovoye traffic performed by sequential extension of the legs in the hip, knee and ankle joints. When the legs are extended, the legs and feet move along arcs to the sides and back, down, towards each other to the midline, the hips move to the surface of the water. At the end of the stroke, simultaneously with the full straightening of the legs, a sweeping movement is made with the support of the foot on the water. The high speed of movement of the legs creates a large traction force that keeps the swimmer on the surface of the water and propels him forward.

Hand movements during breaststroke swimming are usually divided into rowing and preparatory.

Rowing movements it is necessary to start with straight arms at a slight angle to the surface of the water. From the initial position of the hand, slightly bending at the wrist joints, they perform a side-down stroke. At a distance of 35-40 cm from each other, the hands are turned in the back-down direction with simultaneous flexion of the arms at the elbow joints. The rowing row ends with the elbows at the shoulder line. It is performed with acceleration, which provides an increase in the movement of water and good conditions to extend the arms forward.

Preparatory movements begin after the end of the stroke, the arms are brought forward without delay, to the starting position. When moving forward, the arms are straightened, taking a streamlined position.

Breathing technique: to inhale, the head rises out of the water so that the mouth is above the water, then inhale through the wide open mouth; at the end of inhalation, the face is lowered into the water, exhalation is performed through the mouth and nose.

Harmonization movements of the arms, legs and breathing are carried out in the following sequence: inhalation coincides with the stroke with the hands, exhalation - with the extension of the arms forward and inflow.

Teaching breaststroke swimming technique begins with specific exercises on land and in water. The formation of a motor skill in swimming is carried out due to the formation of the so-called dynamic stereotype in the central nervous system. First, the student is mastering the individual elements of the technique (movement of the legs, arms and breathing), then the coordination of movements. Subsequently, the elements of the technique of the swimming method are improved as a whole, unnecessary movements, stiffness and tension of individual muscle groups are eliminated. Systematic training improves regulation nervous system muscle activity, increase the functionality of the swimmer, make his movements relaxed, economical and automated.

Breaststroke training starts with story teachers about this method of swimming and its application. This is followed by an exemplary show in general and by element. After that, the students learn the movements of the legs, arms, practice breathing and coordination of movements.

Learning- This is the formation of the skill of this method of swimming among students. It involves repeated repetition of exercises on land and in water to study the work of legs and arms. When learning movements on land, exercises are performed first in divisions and in general, then independently. In the study of movements on the water, rubber inflatable rings, foam training boards, wooden poles and other devices are used.

At the first stage of training, preparatory exercises for mastering with water are practiced. They contribute to the elimination of fear and uncertainty when performing movements in the water, instilling the skill correct breathing, holding the breath while inhaling and exhaling. Preparatory exercises are carried out at a shallow depth of the pool. Several types are recommended.

exhale into water": standing on the bottom or side of the pool, sit down so that your mouth is at the surface of the water (Fig. 14). Take a deep breath, lower your face into the water or dive headlong and exhale through your mouth and nose. Raise your head above the water and do it again. inhalation through the mouth Perform the exercise at a slow pace up to 50 times in each session. slip"(Fig. 16) is performed in the following sequence: standing on the bottom or on the step of the pool, bend over so that your chin touches the water, at the same time stretch your arms forward; take a breath, lower your face into the water and push off with your feet from the bottom or wall of the pool; after pushing, take horizontal position and slide forward to a stop, holding your breath while inhaling.

Rice. 16. Exercise "sliding"

To learn and improve the technique of breaststroke swimming, the following basic exercises are used on land and in water.

On the land... The movements of the legs (Fig. 17, 18) are learned in the lying and sitting position, leaning on the back of the hands. On the count of "one" the legs are smoothly bent at the hip and knee joints, "two" - prepare for the stroke: the socks are taken over, and the shins are spread apart; "three" - the legs imitate the stroke movement, heading along arcs to the midline of the body; "four" - lower your heels to the floor, imitating sliding.

Rice. 17.

Rice. eighteen.

Hand movements (Fig. 19) are learned in a standing position with the body tilted forward. At first, the exercise is performed with voluntary breathing, then the movements of the hands are coordinated with inhalation and exhalation. On the "one" count, a stroke with the hands and an inhalation through the mouth are imitated; "two" - bending and lowering the arms down and forward and exhale into the water; "three" - the movement of the hands to the starting position and the end of exhalation through the mouth and nose; "four" - sliding in the starting position.

Rice. 19.

In water... Leg movements (fig. 20) begin from a lying position on a shallow place with support on the bottom or holding the handrails with your hands. First, the exercise is performed in a position on the chest, then on the back, in divisions and together.

Rice. twenty.

Hand movements (Fig. 21) begin from a standing position on a shallow place with the body tilted forward or standing on a pool step. Initially, the exercise is performed with voluntary breathing, hand movements are consistent with inhalation and exhalation.

Rice. 21.

Then the following swimming technique exercises are carried out (Fig. 22):

- at a slow pace with a chalkboard in hands or a supporting object on the lower back for a distance of up to 25 m;
- on the back with the help of legs with and without a training board on the stomach for a distance of up to 25 m;
- on the chest with a chalkboard in hands for a distance of up to 25 m in slow, medium and fast pace, making one inhalation and exhalation for 2-3 leg strokes;
- at a distance of up to 25 m with the help of hands and with a supporting object on the lower back or clamped between the legs;
- for coordination of movements with and without a supporting object on the lower back up to 25 m (performed with separate coordination, with the face lowered into the water and holding the breath on exhalation, with the usual coordination of movements).

During the lesson, various mistakes are possible, which are eliminated with the help of the teacher. For example, a mistake when the swimmer's body is high above the water, feet deep in the water, is eliminated by raising the chin out of the water during exhalation, pulling up the abdomen, raising the pelvis and legs above. If an asymmetrical movement is detected, the deficiency is eliminated by swimming with a training board. With your knees spread wide to the sides, it is necessary to swim with a board on your chest and on your back, paying attention to the fact that your knees do not move apart.

Some trainees perform hand strokes either deep down or behind the shoulder line. To perform the exercise correctly, you need to swim with the board with one hand and a shortened stroke. Incorrect exhalation into the water is eliminated by performing a vigorous exhalation into the water while sliding with the board.

A significant disadvantage often encountered in trainees is not always coordinated movements of the legs, arms and breathing. It is eliminated by slow swimming with and without a training board: first, a stroke with the legs, slide and exhale into the water, then a stroke with the hands, raising the head and a short breath through the mouth.

When swimming freestyle and breaststroke, entry into the water is performed by jumping from the bedside table.

Technique starting jump can be conditionally divided into the starting position, preparatory movements, push, flight in the air, entering the water, sliding and exiting the water surface (Fig. 23). With a correctly performed starting jump from the bedside table, the swimmer flies through the air 3-4 m at a speed approximately three times the swimming speed. This reduces the total time of swimming the distance and allows you to purchase the necessary initial speed for its further passage.

Rice. 23.

To start from the bedside table, the trainees take their starting position on command or signal. By command " Participants take places" or sound signal(whistle) the trainees stand on the back edge of the bedside table. By command " On your marks"(or the second whistle) take the starting position: the feet are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm, the legs are on the front edge of the bedside table, the legs are bent at the knee joints, the body is tilted forward, the arms are pulled back and to the sides, the head is raised up.

The push is carried out by command or by signal. The trainees swing their arms back and to the sides, unbending their legs at the knee joints. Then a quick breath is taken through the mouth, simultaneously with the movement of the body forward (falling), the legs are bent at the knee joints to increase the force of the push, and the arms continue swinging movements to the body down-forward-up. As soon as the arms pass the vertical position, a push is carried out - there is an accelerated extension of the legs in the hip, knee and ankle joints. The optimum angle of departure from the starting bedside table is about 25 °. This provides a more profitable flight path in the air, the highest speed and correct entry into the water, contributing to the acquisition of good glide.

In flight, the swimmer straightens the torso, pulls the toes of the legs, pulling them forward and connecting them together. The flight is performed with a breath holding while inhaling, its average length varies for boys - 3.5-4.0 m, for girls - 3.0-3.5 m.

When entering the water, the correct position body and high enough speed. It is most beneficial to enter the water at an angle of 15 ° crawl, 20 ° - breaststroke. In this case, the body sinks to a depth of 35-50 cm. After entering the water, the swimmer slides down-forward-upward by inertia. The sliding length, counting from the starting bedside table to the surface, for boys is 7-8 m, for girls - 6-7 m. Exit to the water surface is carried out by slightly raising the hands, strokes with hands and feet and lifting the head.

When swimming in the pool for different distances, swimmers to change the direction of movement produce turns(fig. 24). The turns, during which inhalation is performed, are called open if inhalation is performed before rotating the body (rotation with the head lowered into the water) - closed... The turning technique consists of the following elements: swimming up to the pool wall, rotation (turning), pushing, sliding and getting out of the water to the surface.

Rice. 24.

In breaststroke, a swimmer, when turning, touches the pool wall with both hands at the same time, without changing the horizontal position of the shoulders and the symmetrical arrangement of the hands. When he swims up to the pool wall, he maintains or increases speed, which contributes to a faster turn, then touches the wall with his half-straightened arms, at the same time groups his legs, bends his arms at the elbow joints. When swimming up and touching the pool wall full immersion heads are not allowed.

The turn occurs as follows: the swimmer, continuing to bend his legs, takes one hand away from the pool wall, makes a movement with his head and shoulder girdle towards the free hand, helping this rotation of the body, inhales through his mouth and immediately lowers his head with his face into the water. Continuing the rotation, he pulls his legs from the bottom up to the pool wall, pushing off the wall with his supporting hand, turns on his chest, puts his feet on the wall, stretches his arms forward, takes a horizontal position, convenient for pushing and subsequent sliding under water. The push is produced vigorously by extending the legs at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. When sliding under water, the torso, head and arms are on the same straight line. The rules of the competition allow, while sliding under water, to perform one cycle of movements: the first stroke with the hands, the second with the legs, which brings the swimmer to the surface of the water.

When swimming crawl on the chest (freestyle) the body of the swimmer lies on the water almost horizontally, the head is half-lowered into the water, face down. Under the influence of arm strokes and turns of the head for inhalation and exhalation, small turns occur.

(10-45 °) bodies around their axis.

The forward movement of the swimmer is carried out due to the rowing movements of the hands. The row is performed bent in elbow joint hand after moving it forward in an almost erect position and lowering it into the water. When swimming, the legs make alternating rapid movements from top to bottom and from bottom to top. When lowering the leg from top to bottom, there is a slight bending in knee joint, which creates conditions for a whip-like movement. The range of leg movements does not exceed 25-40 cm. The exhalation is carried out into the water.

Exercises on land for learning the turn when swimming freestyle can be found in Fig. 24; on land to learn the freestyle swimming method - in fig. 25; to learn the movements of the legs of the freestyle swimming method - in fig. 26; for learning the movements of the hands of the freestyle swimming method - in fig. 27.

Rice. 25.

Rice. 26. Freestyle Swimming Exercises on Land

Rice. 27.

The freestyle swimming technique is shown in fig. 28.

Rice. 28.

Diving carried out in length, diving upside down (Fig. 29), diving downside down

(fig. 30). When diving, it is important to maintain the required direction and depth of the dive, which is ensured by the position of the head, direction of strokes and orientation underwater. The most comfortable way to swim underwater is breaststroke with arms moving up to the shoulder or hip line.

Rice. 29.

Rice. thirty.

At the lessons in athletics, knowledge should be given and the skills to creatively apply the mastered exercises in race walking(Fig. 38), in running (Fig. 39), starts and starting run (Fig. 40, 41), finish (Fig. 42), in long jump (Fig. 43-45), in high jump ( fig. 46-50) in order to use them during independent training, extracurricular activities and at home. With young men, it is necessary to provide for the need to use athletics exercises to prepare them for service in the power structures of the country.

Rice. 38.

Rice. 39. Distance running

Rice. 40. High start options

Rice. 41. Low start and starting run

Rice. 42. Finishing in short distance running

Rice. 43. Long jump with a running start method "bending legs"

Rice. 44. Long jump with a run in the "bending" way

Rice. 45. Long jump with a running start method "scissors"

Rice. 46. High jump in "wave" way

Rice. 47. High jump by "roll" method

Rice. 48. High jump in the "throw-over" method

Rice. 49. High jump by the "step over" method

Rice. 50. Fosbury Flop High Jump

The main focus of the lessons in athletics can be as follows. Thus, young men and women should improve the technique of high and low start, starting acceleration, relay race, and in the 100 m run show for yourself best result... To form endurance, it is necessary to run a distance at a uniform and variable pace for

20-25 minutes For development speed-power qualities the most acceptable are jumps and multi-jumps, throwing at the target and at a distance of different sports shells from different starting points. Many jumps - jumping exercises on one or two legs to develop jumping ability and leg strength.

For the development of speed abilities, you can use relay races, starts from various starting positions, running with acceleration, with maximum speed, changing the tempo and rhythm of steps. To develop coordination abilities, you can use the options of shuttle running, running with a change in direction, speed, method of movement, running with overcoming obstacles and on the ground, hurdling, jumping over obstacles and landing accuracy, throwing various objects from different starting positions at the target and range with both hands. At the same time, the teacher must explain the biomechanical foundations of the technique of running, jumping and m. The following types of start are used in cross-country skiing competitions: single - participants start one at a time with an interval of 30 s or 1 min; doubles - participants start in pairs with an interval of 30 s or 1 min; group - participants start in groups of 3 to 10 people with an interval of at least 1 minute; general - all participants start at the same time.

With a large number of participants and to facilitate the work of the secretariat in calculating personal results, a group start of 4 people is recommended - "quartets" with an interval of 1 minute, as well as the main Conclusions

Particular attention is paid to the methodology and practice of physical culture and sports activity as the basis for the formation of comprehensive physical and psychological qualities of students in the process of lessons in gymnastics, swimming, athletics, skiing, sports and outdoor games, self-defense, as well as the basic concepts of extreme sports

Sports-mass competitions allow solving pedagogical, sports-methodological and social and social problems. During the competition, the same pedagogical tasks are solved as in physical culture and sports in general, i.e. improvement of physical, technical, tactical, mental and theoretical readiness.

However, at the same time, all the changes occurring in the body exceed the level characteristic of training sessions. The importance of competitions for the formation of strong-willed character traits is especially great. They also contribute to the development of physical culture and sports in general and allow pedagogical influence on the audience.

Competitions are a bright, emotional sight. The pleasure of sports shows arises from the complicity in them of the viewer who is attracted high level development of motor qualities, bold and decisive actions of the participants, their high achievements.

If we consider the preparation and conduct of the competition as a special event, then we can distinguish the stages of its preparation:

Stage 1 - Organizational and preparatory. At this stage, the following tasks are being solved :

a. Decision-making on the holding of competitions, appointment of leaders;

b. Determination of the goals, objectives of the competition;

v. Drafting calendar plan, regulations on competitions;

G. Planning;

etc. Determining the estimate and solving the issue of financing;

f. Public announcement of the event;

f. Final planning, preparation and organization of the event, distribution of invitations;

h. Arrangement of the venue, installation of equipment;

Preparation for the competition is carried out in advance by the organization that organizes them, and the main panel of judges. The larger the scale of the competition, the more time it takes to prepare for their holding - from 1-2 weeks (competitions in grassroots teams) to 3-4 years (Olympic Games).

Organizational and methodological measures related to the holding of competitions, first of all, include drawing up a calendar of competitions for this type of port. It indicates the name of the competition, the dates and place of their holding and the persons responsible for their organization.

The calendar of sports competitions for each sport is compiled separately. An important condition when drawing up a calendar plan, the traditionality of the planned events in terms of timing, programs, participants is considered. This increases the interest of the participants in the competition, facilitates the organization of training and training process, makes the competition more popular with viewers.

Sports competitions, if they are held regularly, are an incentive for systematic sports.

Thus, the calendar of sports competitions should be designed so that the planned competitions are varied in scale, composition of participants and conditions, traditional in terms, composition, and location.

Another important organizational and methodological measure is the drafting of the competition regulations.

Competition Regulations - the main document governing all the conditions for this competition. The regulations are governed by the organizations conducting the competition, the participating teams, team captains and representatives, as well as all participants.

The regulations on competitions cover the following sections:

1. The name of the competition, its nature and sport.

2. Goals and objectives - the main objectives of this event and objectives that reveal their implementation are indicated. This section is one of the main, because, based on the goals set, the program of the competition, the conditions for holding, the requirements for participants and judges, material and financial support, and environmental requirements are determined.

3. Management of the conduct - the organizations that carry out general management and the organization that directly conduct the competition, as well as the organizing committee, the main panel of judges, last name, first name, patronymic, and the category of the chief judge of the competition are indicated.

4. Competitors and requirements for them - the requirements for teams and participants are indicated:

By the size of the team, including the requirements for the gender of the participants, the number of substitutes, the representative, the coach (required) and the judge of the corresponding category (if necessary).

By age and sports qualifications of the participants, in accordance with the requirements for participants in the competition;

5. Dates and venue - indicate the exact dates, venue, time of work of the credentials committee.

If necessary, the scheme of the entrance to the competition site is indicated;

6. Conditions for the admission of participants - the conditions for the admission of teams are indicated. Including living conditions for participants, food preparation, environmental and specific requirements.

7. The program of the competition - the program of the competition by day and time of the competition, the system of the competition is indicated. Additionally, the time of meetings with representatives of the teams is indicated, the time of work various services(credentials committee, technical committee, etc.), opening and closing times of the competition.

8. Determination of results - it is indicated that the determination of results is carried out according to the "rules" of the held competitions or other scoring systems in individual or team events.

9. Procedure and terms for submission of applications - the procedure and terms for submission of preliminary applications, application form are indicated.

10. Rewarding - the conditions for rewarding the winners of the individual and team championships are indicated.

11. Procedure for filing protests and their consideration.

12. Additional conditions for the competition. When developing the regulation, the interests of sports teams and individual athletes are preserved, and equal conditions are provided for everyone.

The details of the individual clauses of the regulations depend on the scale of the competition. It is necessary to very clearly think over and stipulate everything in the regulations on competitions, in which athletes from different cities take part.

The conditions for admission of teams and individual participants, the size of the team, documents, the presence of which is mandatory for each participant, must be precisely specified.

For the competition, it is necessary to take care of bringing the places, equipment and inventory in full compliance with the established rules, their high quality and the required amount.

A doctor and other medical personnel are appointed to service sports events in accordance with their type and scale.

The most important document regulating the conduct of competitions and influencing their results are the rules of competitions in this sport. They regulate the actions of judges and participants, provide for the conditions for identifying winners and, in addition, determine the standards of behavior of the athlete, contain a list of prohibited actions that entail punishment that infringes on the interests of the team. Thus, the athlete who violated the rules is affected not only by the decision of the referee in relation to him personally, but also by the consciousness that the team is suffering damage due to his wrong actions.

Direct preparation for the competition is carried out in accordance with the "Organizational plan for the preparation and holding of competitions", which provides for monitoring the progress of preparation for the competition, the timely recruitment of the panel of judges and the organization of its work, preparation of the competition venue, informing and attracting the population to the competition, the organization of medical monitoring the progress of the competition and providing medical assistance to the participants. When holding competitions of a large scale, special organizing committees are created, endowed with certain powers.

Stage 2 - the main one, on which the direct holding of the competition is carried out. The main tasks of this stage:

a. Official opening of the competition;

b. Conducting competitions taking into account the drawn up program;

v. Official closing ceremony, awarding of the winners.

The competition is held by the panel of judges, which is usually completed 2-3 weeks before its start.

The qualifications of the judges must correspond to the importance of the competition. The number of judges in the collegium depends on the type of competition, the scale of the competition, the number of participants and the technical equipment of the competition.

The chief manager of the competition, responsible for their conduct, is the chief judge.

The main documents for participation in the competition are applications for the participation of an athlete or a team. Applications within the established time limit are submitted by the organizations participating in the competition to the panel of judges or to a specially created credentials committee. Initially, the application is submitted in advance (the terms are indicated in the regulation) so that the organizers can estimate the approximate number of participants in the competition. The final application is submitted at the time of registration of all participants in the competition.

The drawing of lots is held at the first meeting of the panel of judges. The draw can be common for all participants or group, in which athletes are divided into several groups, depending on the qualifications and previously shown results. During the period of the competition, the organizing committee examines the protests of the team representatives and makes final decisions on the issues that have arisen.

The competition should be a celebration for the spectators. It is recommended to open and close the holiday in a festive atmosphere. All performances at the festival must be accompanied by a commentary by the presenter.

It is very important to carefully prepare the solemn ceremony: the opening and closing parade, the solemn part, the awarding of the winners, meetings of the participants and guests of the competition.

Judges and participants enter the parade in separate columns, teams of participants - in alphabetical order. At the head of each team is a team representative, then the team coach and participants: first the girls, then the boys. After formation, the leader of the parade gives a report, and the host of the parade makes a welcome speech. Next, the solemn raising of the competition flag is carried out, and then the organized departure of the participants follows.

At the close of the competition, the teams of the participants enter the parade in the order of the places occupied in this competition. The main judge sums up the results of the competition. The ceremony of awarding the winners and prize-winners takes place.

Stage 3 - the final one, at which it is necessary to perform the following work:

a. Collect, put in order and hand over the received inventory and equipment;

b. Tidy up all documentation related to the competition. All technical documentation about the competition (applications, participant cards, start and finish protocols, stage protocols, personal cards of participants, etc.) are filed and stored in the organization holding the event;

v. Multiply the protocols of the competition and issue (send) them to their intended purpose, arrange for the representatives of the folder with the protocols, competition programs, posters about them, samples of markings, tickets for participants, etc. Folders should be decorated with emblems of the competition or postcards with views of the city where they took place;

G. Prepare and submit a financial report on the competition. All supporting documents must be attached to the financial report (statements for meals for participants, judges, for the payment of service personnel, acts, invoices, receipts, etc.);

e. Return and post unused awards and prizes.

An important factor for the clear organization and conduct of the competition is its analysis and summing up in order to take into account the shortcomings, mistakes, listen to the wishes of athletes, coaches, referees and other interested parties. When summing up, it is necessary to find out whether the set goals have been achieved and whether the tasks of the event have been completed.

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

Donetsk University of Economics and Law

Faculty of Law

abstract

Byphysicalculture

On the topic: “Methods of organizing physical culture and sports competitions in universities”.

Prepared

3rd year student of PO-2

Yarovaya Irina

Teacher Klochkov A.V.

Donetsk - 2010

Plan

Introduction

1. Organization and holding of sports competitions.

1.1. The essence of sports competitions.

1.2. The main questions of the organization of sports competitions.

2. Mass health-improving, physical culture, sports competitions.

4. Planning and organizational forms.

5. World student sport games(Universiade).

6. The main features in sports and physical education.

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Sport is an organic part physical culture and is a set of material and spiritual values that are created and used by society for the game physical activity of people, aimed at intensive specialized training for the subsequent maximum manifestation of abilities through competition in predetermined motor actions.

Consequently, sport is an activity that serves the interests of society, realizing educational, preparatory and communicative functions, but is not a permanent specialty (profession) of a person. This is most clearly expressed in children's sports, since the sports activity of students is extra-curricular, not provided for by state plans and programs as an academic discipline of a general education school and is carried out through extra-curricular and extra-curricular forms of work, that is, on a purely voluntary basis.

1. Organization and holding of sports competitions.

1.1 The essence of sports competitions.

Sports competition is a competition (rivalry) of people in a playful way in order to find out the advantages in the degree of physical fitness, in the development of some aspects of consciousness.

Competitions make it possible to solve pedagogical, sports-methodological and socio-political problems. During sports competitions, the same pedagogical tasks are solved as in physical culture and sports in general, i.e. improvement of physical, technical, tactical, mental and theoretical readiness. However, at the same time, all the changes occurring in the body exceed the level characteristic of training sessions. Competitions are one of the most effective measures to improve the fitness of an athlete. The importance of sports competitions for the formation of strong-willed character traits is especially great. They also contribute to the development of physical culture and sports in general and allow pedagogical influence on the audience.

Sports competitions are a bright, emotional sight. The pleasure from sports shows arises due to the participation of the spectator in them, who is attracted by the high level of development of motor qualities, bold and decisive actions of the participants, their high achievements.

1.2. The main questions of the organization of sports competitions.

The functions of teachers of physical culture and sports, organizers of competitions, sports judges and sports doctors related to the organization and conduct of sports competitions differ depending on the nature of the activities of these people.

One of the most important functions of physical education and sports teachers is to prepare students to participate in sports competitions. Before admitting students to official competitions, one should not only teach them sports technique and tactics, a certain circle of knowledge and develop the necessary motor qualities, but also teach them to compete. To do this, they need to participate in assessments, control and training competitions. The rules in them can be simplified or changed by the teacher himself. For example, the number of attempts or the size of the site decreases, the length of the distance, the winner is determined by the quality of execution sports exercise etc.

The measures of an organizational and methodological nature associated with the holding of sports competitions, first of all, include the drawing up of a calendar plan for competitions in this sport. It indicates the name of the competition, the dates and place of their holding and the persons responsible for their organization. The calendar of sports competitions for each sport is compiled separately. An important condition in drawing up a calendar plan is the traditionality of the planned events in terms of timing, programs, and participants. This increases the interest of children in them, facilitates the organization of the educational and training process, makes the competition more popular with the audience. Sports competitions stimulate systematic training and promote growth athletic performance if they are held regularly. The expediency of participating in a certain number of competitions depends on the sports training of students.

Thus, the calendar of sports competitions should be drawn up so that the planned competitions are varied in scale, composition of participants and conditions of holding, traditional in terms, composition, and location.

Another important organizational and methodological measure is the drafting of the competition regulations.

If the competition is of a team or personal-team nature, the regulations indicate the system for determining the winners in the team competition. In each case, it can be different. For example, in cross-country skiing, the team championship is determined by the sum of time, or the sum of places, or the sum of points received by the so-called test participants.

To participate in the competition, you must submit an application in a preliminary form, and then in the final form, within the established time frame. The first application contains the desire of this team to participate in the competition. The second application contains data on the composition of the participants and some other information. In some sports, re-applications may be made at the beginning or during the competition with the permission of the head judge, i.e. instead of one participant, another can be exhibited, etc. Competition protocols are drawn up on the basis of the submitted applications.

For the competition, it is necessary to take care of bringing the places, equipment and inventory in full compliance with the established rules, their high quality and the required quantity.

If the program includes several varieties of the same sport, it is necessary to draw up a competition schedule in advance, i.e. determine the sequence and timing of each of them. Knowing the average duration of the exercise, the number of attempts and the number of participants, you can determine the total duration of the competition and based on this, draw up a schedule.

The school appoints a doctor and other medical personnel to service sports events according to their type and scale.

The main organizer and head of sports competitions, responsible for their conduct and, to a certain extent, for the results achieved, is a sports judge appointed from among the teachers of physical culture. The judge is also responsible for the health of the competitors. In all cases where damage to the health of the participants can be caused, he is obliged to eliminate the shortcomings, and if it is impossible to do this, to cancel the competition or postpone it to another date or to another place.

Sports judge must be, first of all, an impeccable connoisseur of the rules of competition in this sport, an honest, objective, impartial, decisive, polite, calm person who enjoys authority and respect even outside the competition.

2. Mass health-improving, physical culture, sports competitions.

Mass health-improving, physical culture and sports work is an important form of physical education of students, an integral part of all political, educational and cultural mass work carried out at the university.

The planning, organization and implementation of this work is carried out by the sports club, which is the primary collective of physical culture - the main link of the physical culture movement.

Practical and methodological assistance sports club provided by the Department of Physical Education. The trade union organization takes an active part in organizing and conducting mass health-improving, physical culture and sports events.

The sports club is a public organization, its work is carried out on the basis of broad creative initiative, collegial leadership and election of governing bodies, their reporting to the members of the sports club. The basis of the activities of the sports club is wide amateur activities, self-government and self-service of its members with the involvement of student sports activists.

Duties of the sports club:

to carry out work on planning the development of physical culture and sports in the university;

organize systematic classes for students, graduate students, teachers and employees of physical culture and sports in faculty teams, sections in various sports, in health groups, etc .;

to ensure an increase in the level of sportsmen's sportsmanship, the training of sportsmen - discharges;

participate in the conduct of mass physical culture and sports events of the university (sports days, sports events, campaign runs, relay races, sports competitions, etc.);

organize sports work in student dormitories;

to train and ensure the participation of national teams of the university and individual athletes in competitions held by higher organizations (championship of the district, region, state).

The specific directions and organizational forms of the use of mass health-improving, physical culture and sports events depend on the gender, age, health status, the level of physical and sports readiness of the trainees, as well as on the available sports base, university traditions and other conditions. It is possible to distinguish the hygienic, health-improving and recreational, restorative, general preparatory, sports, professional-applied, medical direction.

Hygienic the direction involves the use of physical culture to restore working capacity and strengthen health, both in a dormitory and at home: morning hygienic gymnastics, hardening procedures, proper work regime, rest and nutrition in accordance with the requirements of hygiene, health walks, jogging, sports games, swimming, skiing and other exercise.

Recreational and recreational the direction provides for the use of physical culture and sports in the collective organization of recreation and cultural leisure on weekends and during vacations in order to recover from work and improve health. The means of this direction include hiking trips, excursions, outdoor games, sports events that can be organized at the bases of student hostels, in holiday homes, in health and sports camps, during educational practice, etc.

General preparatory the direction provides comprehensive physical training and maintaining it for a long time at a certain level. Means of training in this area are: morning hygienic gymnastics, athletics, swimming, skiing, tourism and other types of exercise. For systematic work in this area, special sections are organized, sports competitions are held.

Sports direction - specialized systematic training in one of the sports in study groups sports improvement, in sports sections of a sports club or individually, participation in sports competitions in order to increase or maintain a certain level of sportsmanship.

Professionally applied the direction determines the use of means of physical culture and sports for preparation for work in the chosen specialty, taking into account the characteristics of the profession being received.

Curative the direction involves the use of physical exercises, hardening factors and hygienic measures in the system of therapeutic measures to restore health or certain functions of the body, reduced or lost as a result of diseases or injuries. The means of this direction are: a rational mode of life, natural factors of nature, hardening procedures, massotherapy, mechanotherapy and a wide variety of physical exercises. The use of physical culture means for therapeutic purposes should be accompanied by systematic medical supervision and strict consideration of the individual characteristics of the trainees.

Contents Introduction 1. General characteristics of professionally applied training 2. Organization and methodology for conducting professionally applied physical fitness 3. Methodology for self-mastering by individual elements of professionally applied training Conclusion

Introduction The attitude of students to physical culture and sports is one of the urgent social pedagogical problems. The implementation of this task by each student should be viewed from a twofold standpoint as personally significant and socially necessary. It should be admitted that physical culture and sports activity has not yet become an urgent need for students, has not turned into an individual's interest. Real implementation among students self-study exercise is far from sufficient. There are objective and subjective factors that determine the motives for the inclusion of students in physical culture and sports activities.

Objective factors include: the state of the sports base, the orientation of the educational process in physical culture and the content of classes, the level of requirements curriculum, the personality of the teacher, the state of health of the students, the frequency of classes, their duration and emotional coloring, etc. According to statistics, physical culture and sports activity has not yet become a need for university students, has not turned into an interest of the individual.

1 General characteristics of vocationally applied training The principle of the organic connection of physical education with the practice of labor activity is most concretely embodied in professionally applied physical training. As a kind of physical education, professionally applied physical training is a pedagogically directed process of providing specialized physical fitness for the chosen professional activity.

An important part of the physical education of the adult population is PAPP to work. This is a specialized type of physical education aimed at the formation and maintenance of the required level of physical fitness in relation to the requirements of a certain (specific) profession. PPFP contributes to the successful formation and development of personality. professional

The main factors that determine the general orientation, tasks and content of the PAPP are: a) the nature, volume of incoming information and the conditions for its perception by workers in the labor process b) the nature of the main work movements c) special external conditions of professional activity.

These factors determine the following tasks of the TFP: 1. Development of the leading physical qualities for this profession; 2. Education of professionally important mental qualities for this profession; 3. Formation and improvement of applied motor skills and skills, predominantly necessary in connection with the special external conditions of the profession; 4. Communication of special knowledge for the successful mastering of the practical section of the PPFP and the application of the acquired skills, skills and qualities in professional activity; 5. Development of functional resistance to specific working conditions.

In other words, it is basically a learning process that enriches the individual fund of professionally useful motor skills and abilities, the upbringing of physical and directly related abilities, on which professional competence directly or indirectly depends. It is known that the effectiveness of many types of professional work significantly depends, among other things, on special physical fitness, acquired previously through systematic physical exercises, adequate in a certain respect to the requirements for the functional capabilities of the body by professional activity.

The means of PPAP are physical exercises that correspond to the characteristics of a specific professional activity and have significant benefits in comparison with labor movements. The selection of the means and methods of PPAP is practically unlimited, which allows using the optimal load hours, dosing them taking into account the individual characteristics of the trainees and achieving a greater training effect than during work.

PPFP funds are distributed according to their focus: development of professional abilities; important physical education of strong-willed and other mental qualities; formation and improvement of professionally applied skills and abilities; increasing the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences.

In the practice of PPAP, exercises are widely used professionally applied gymnastics(exercises without objects and with objects, on a gymnastic wall, bench, ladder, ropes, poles, balance beam, etc.) and such mass sports as Athletics, skiing, swimming, sports games and others; tourism; special exercises on various simulators and training devices, specialized obstacle courses, etc.

Forms of PAPP classes can be various: classes in PAPP groups; profiled sports activities; practicing sports and applied sports; sports and applied competitions.

With the accumulation of positive practical experience and scientific research data in the relevant areas, a whole profiled branch of physical culture, professionally applied physical culture, has developed, and the pedagogically directed process of using its factors has taken an important place in common system education of upbringing of the younger generation and professional personnel (in the form of PPPF).

The need for further improvement and implementation of PPPP in the education system and the sphere of professional labor is mainly determined by the following reasons and circumstances: the time spent on mastering modern practical professions, and the achievement of professional skill in them continue to depend on the level of functional capabilities of the body, which have a natural basis, diversity and perfection of the motor skills and abilities acquired by him.

The problem of preventing possible negative impacts of certain types of professional labor and its conditions on the physical state workers; although this problem is solved by many means of optimizing the content and working conditions, including social, scientific, technical and hygienic, important role among them, factors of professionally applied physical culture are called upon to play, including PPAF;

At present, students' PAPP for high-performance work in various spheres of the national economy is carried out in the country's universities in the following main directions: mastering applied skills and abilities that are elements of individual sports; accentuated upbringing of individual physical and special qualities that are especially necessary for highly productive work in a particular profession; the acquisition of applied knowledge (knowledge and skills of the use of physical culture and sports in the mode of work and rest, taking into account the changing conditions of work, life and age characteristics and etc.).

The first of the directions is connected with the problem of teaching movements, the second with the upbringing of physical (motor) and special qualities, the third with the acquisition of applied knowledge on the use of physical culture means in the mode of work and rest, as well as with the problem of training public physical culture personnel for production. These directions have a fairly deep scientific methodological substantiation in the Soviet theory and methodology of physical education and are described in special literature.

When developing PPPF for students of a specific profession general provisions PPAF identified for a group of similar professions through sociological research should be complemented by more in-depth psychophysiological research in the workplace using methods used in physiology, psychology, occupational health and sports training... Such research should be of a permanent nature, ensuring the accumulation of scientific material, taking into account the constant changes that are taking place in all sectors of the national economy under the influence of the scientific and technological revolution.

2 Organization and methodology of conducting professionally applied competitions Competitive activity in relation to official competitions acts in its absolute meaning as a proper competitive activity. And in this regard, this is a specific motor activity of a person, carried out, as a rule, in conditions official competitions at the limit of mental and physical strength person, the ultimate goal, which is the establishment of socially significant and personal results.

The main questions of the organization of sports competitions. The functions of the organizers of competitions, sports judges and sports doctors related to the organization and conduct of sports competitions differ depending on the nature of the activities of these people. One of the most important functions is to prepare students to participate in sports competitions.

Organizational and methodological measures related to the holding of sports competitions, first of all, include drawing up a calendar plan for competitions in this sport. It indicates the name of the competition, the dates and place of their holding and the persons responsible for their organization. The calendar of sports competitions for each sport is compiled for men and women (if the latter participate in them) and for each age group separately.

An important condition in drawing up a calendar plan is the traditionality of the planned events in terms of timing, programs, and participants. This increases interest in them, facilitates the organization of the training process, and makes the competition more popular with the audience. Sports competitions are an incentive for systematic training and contribute to the growth of athletic performance if they are carried out on a regular basis.

The feasibility of participating in a certain number of competitions depends on sports training... Thus, the calendar of sports competitions should be designed so that the planned competitions are varied in scale, composition and conditions, traditional in terms, composition, and location.

Another important organizational and methodological measure is the drafting of the competition regulations. It indicates: 1. The name of the competition. 2. Timing. 3. Venue. 4. Objectives of this competition. 5. Program and order of the day. 6. Composition of participants. 7. System of credit (determination of the winners) 8. Form of rewarding.

If the competition is of a team or personal team nature, the regulations indicate the system for determining the winners in the team competition. In each case, it can be different. For example, in cross-country skiing team championship is determined by the sum of time, or the sum of places, or the sum of points received by the so-called test participants. To participate in the competition, you must submit an application in a preliminary form, and then in the final form, within the established time frame. The first application contains the desire of this team to participate in the competition. The second application contains data on the composition of the participants and some other information.

The main organizer and head of sports competitions, responsible for their conduct and, to a certain extent, for the results achieved, is a sports judge appointed from one or several organizations. The judge is also responsible for the health of the participants in the competition. In all cases when damage to the health of the participants can be caused (poor condition of the places of training, equipment malfunction, inadequacy of clothes and shoes, etc.), he is obliged to eliminate the shortcomings, and if it is impossible to do this, cancel the competition or postpone it for another period. or elsewhere.

A sports judge must, first of all, be an impeccable expert on the rules of competitions in this sport, an honest, objective, impartial, decisive, polite, calm person who enjoys authority and respect even outside the competition.

Competition is an important factor in cognition human capabilities and the formation of ethical relationships, as well as a form of communication between people or groups of people. The end result of competitive activity is a sports achievement, which is characterized by a quantitative or qualitative level of indicators in sports. Athletic achievement is an indicator of the sportsmanship and ability of an athlete, expressed in specific results. ...

Sports and competitive activities, the organization and holding of various kinds of competitions organically merge into the sports movement, since in all areas of the latter they play an essential role. Hence the sports movement is a social trend, sports practice in the field of mass sports and sports of the highest achievements.

Along with the concept of "sport", the concept of "physical culture" or their combination "physical culture and sport" is often used. Sport is an integral part, a major component of physical culture. A number of social functions of physical culture apply to sports. However, not all sports can be attributed to the components of physical culture. This is due to the fact that the term "physical culture" is understood as the organic part of the culture of society and the individual, the rational use of physical activity by a person as a factor in optimizing his condition and development, physical preparation for life practice.

Sports such as chess, checkers, bridge, model construction disciplines are not directly related to the use of physical exercise as the main means of preparation for sports achievements. Although sport is one of the components of physical culture, at the same time it goes beyond its framework, gaining a certain independence.

The sports movement in our country and around the world, as a rule, covers the practice of mass sports. A multi-million army of children, adolescents, youths, girls and adults, playing sports, strengthen their health, enjoy communicating with people, improve in their chosen sports specialization, improve their physical condition, general performance and achieve sports results in accordance with their capabilities.

The main goals and objectives of the Competition are: popularization and promotion of sports and physical culture as an important means of strengthening the health of citizens of the Republic of Belarus; familiarizing citizens with a healthy lifestyle (popularization and propaganda healthy way life), increasing the effectiveness of physical education of the population; attracting citizens to sports, physical education, martial arts, oriental and combat sports;

organization of leisure of citizens by involving them in sports and physical education; improving moral and professional level practicing martial arts, oriental and sports martial arts; popularization of the sports movement in the Republic of Belarus; strengthening friendly relations with representatives of various clubs and directions;

3 Methodology of independent mastering of individual elements of professionally applied physical training. Professional applied physical training is a specially directed and selective use of physical culture and sports means to prepare a person for a certain professional activity.

Methodology for the selection of the means of professionally applied physical training. In the practice of PPFP, classes in profiled sports have become widespread: Endurance sports: running on average and long distances, ski race, swimming, hiking, cycling, rowing, skating... Sports requiring complex sensorimotor coordination: basketball, volleyball, handball, rugby, tennis, hockey, football, all types of wrestling, boxing.

Sports requiring the development of coordination of movements: gymnastics, jumping into water, trampoline, acrobatics, etc. Kinds of sports for coordination of movements and endurance: mountaineering, sport climbing, mountain tourism. Sports requiring intense nervous activity: bullet shooting, archery, chess. Sports controlled by radio engineering systems: radio direction finding, all-around radio operators. Multifunctional sports: all-around, decathlon, heptathlon, etc.

Ability to dose power tensions: Throwing balls, jumping, dribbling balls, playing volleyball, badminton, table tennis... Formation of general endurance: cross-country, brisk / race walking, rowing. Static endurance and resistance to physical inactivity develop in the course of execution: walking, running, skiing, throwing a disc, nuclei, balance, bridges, stands.

Forms of independent study: Morning hygienic gymnastics (UHG) Exercises during the school (working) day Independent training sessions

Additionally applied: specialized morning work-out(with the inclusion of individual applied exercises), hiking trips along the established routes with the fulfillment of educational tasks, ski crossings, mass swims, boat (boat) trips, etc.