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1. Physical fitness of a tennis player

1.1 Flexibility

1.2 Strength

1.3 Speed (quickness)

1.4 Coordination abilities

1.5 Endurance

2. Tasks of general physical training

3. Tasks cnsocial fitness

3.1 Rapidity

3.2 Power

3.3 Coordinatetion, flexibility, responsiveness

3.4 Endurance

Literature

1. Physical training of a tennis player

One of the conditions for achieving success in tennis and in sports in general is to ensure a high level of physical fitness of an athlete. Physical fitness of a tennis player is an indivisible component of the training process, involving education physical qualities, manifested in the motor abilities required in tennis. Five physical qualities stand out: strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, coordination. All of them are closely interrelated and appear during the game in specific forms.

Physical training is subdivided into general and special.

General physical training of tennis players presupposes a versatile development of physical qualities.

Special physical training involves the development of the physical abilities necessary for tennis. Special physical training should be brought as close as possible to playing tennis. The successful solution of the problem of physical fitness of a tennis player largely depends on the skillful selection of means of physical training, on the correct ratio of general and special physical training in the process of many years of playing sports. Good physical qualities are essential for the successful execution of strikes. For example, a tennis player needs flexibility in order to reach a distant ball near the net, strength - in order to perform a strong beat... There is also a certain connection between qualities. Without sufficient development of one quality, others cannot fully develop. For example, agility depends on the optimal development of speed, jumping, flexibility, strength, and speed of movement depends on the strength of the muscles and their ability to relax. Movement good tennis player are distinguished by lightness, freedom and speed. This depends a lot on flexibility and relaxation. Therefore, the connection between flexibility and the ability to relax is of particular importance, and it is advisable to consider them in unity. Without the optimal development of these qualities, it is impossible to develop all the other qualities of a tennis player to a high level.

1.1 Flexibility

Flexibility is the ability to perform movements with maximum amplitude. It depends on the elasticity of muscles and ligaments. The elastic properties of muscles can change significantly under the influence of central nervous factors (for example, flexibility increases in competitions with emotional uplift). Of significant importance in limiting mobility is the stimulation of the stretched muscles, which is probably of a protective nature. With an increase in flexibility, the stretched muscles later pass into a state of increased excitement - at the end of a large range of motion. At the same time, their activity decreases. The degree of manifestation of flexibility depends on the external temperature of the environment: as the temperature rises, the flexibility increases. On flexibility more than on other physical qualities, the daily periodicity affects. So, in the morning hours, flexibility is significantly reduced. Its changes under the influence of various conditions (temperature, time of day) must be taken into account when conducting classes. Unfavorable conditions leading to a decrease in flexibility can be compensated for by warming up with a warm-up.

It is believed that children are more flexible than adults. It is not always so. However, it is undeniable that it is easier to develop flexibility in children than in older age.

As the body develops, flexibility changes unevenly. Thus, the mobility of the spine during extension increases markedly in boys from 7 to 14 years old, and in girls from 7 to 12 years old. At an older age, the gain in flexibility decreases. The mobility of the spine during flexion increases significantly in boys from 7-10 years old, and then decreases at 11-13 years old. High levels of flexibility are noted in boys at the age of 15, and in girls at the age of 14. In the joints of the shoulder girdle, mobility during flexion and extension increases to 12-13 years. The highest results are observed at 9-10 years of age.

In the hip joint, the increase in mobility is greatest from 7 to 10 years. In subsequent years, the increase in flexibility slows down and approaches the indicators of adults by the age of 13-14. During the game, the muscles of the tennis player's entire body are actually involved in active work. The entire muscular apparatus should be elastic, able to stretch freely, relax well and quickly. To do this, it is necessary to develop, first of all, the general ability to muscle relaxation and high mobility in all joints of the body. High requirements are imposed on these important qualities both during striking movements and when moving around the site. To perform strikes, it is important that the striking movement is carried out quickly, freely, and this is possible only if the muscles- antagonists will be optimally relaxed, flexible to stretch, and will not resist a quick and free punching movement. The capacity for relaxation must also develop in relation to movement in the game. Only then will they be distinguished by such important features as freedom, maneuverability, softness. In this case, the peculiarities of all types and phases of movements, including shuttle movements, as well as those carried out with the help of jumps and throws, must be taken into account. The reason for the general tension in movements can be the habitually increased muscle tone (the degree of muscle tension at rest, determined approximately by their hardness).

Remarkable in this regard is the data of studies of muscle tone in tennis players of different sports categories with different levels of technical readiness: most of the leading athletes who own rational technique are characterized by a decreased tone, while for tennis players with a pronounced tension, an increased tone is characteristic in specialized movements.

Reducing muscle tone, making muscles habitually relaxed, elastic - this is one of the important tasks of a tennis player's physical training. The source of muscle tension of a temporary and sometimes persistent nature can also be high mental stress caused by competitive loads... She often appears during the first performances in competitions.

Performing various exercises and game actions easily, freely, including in active work only the muscles necessary to ensure rational movements against the background of optimal relaxation of the rest - this is one of the main tasks that allows you to master what is called the art of relaxation in sports practice. To solve this problem, first of all, an appropriate psychological setting is required, which helps the athlete to develop the habit of systematically monitoring the degree of muscular emancipation during execution. different exercises and in the game. Improving your ability to relax is one of the goals of almost any exercise. However, it is advisable to use exercises with a predominant focus on the development of this important ability, which give the greatest effect in the fight against general and local tension.

The main method of developing flexibility is the repeated performance of stretching exercises with a gradually increasing (up to the maximum) range of motion, achieved through their own efforts, with the help of weights, and also with the active help of a partner. Moreover, flexibility should be manifested freely, in a variety of, and especially in fast, movements.

Strength is the ability of a person to overcome the influence of external forces due to muscular efforts. The development of muscle strength is closely related to the growth of bone and muscle tissue, the formation of the articular-ligamentous apparatus. The growth of muscle strength is interconnected with biochemical and structural changes in the muscles during training. Significant strength loads have a negative effect on the formation of the motor apparatus, on the growth of bones in length. Therefore, caution should be exercised when strength training, especially with younger tennis players.

Per White from the Norwegian Tennis Association provided attention-grabbing evidence with a simple, concrete and clear problem-solving approach. guidelines and a list of exercises. They include training aids such as strength exercises to improve the effectiveness of striking. He noted that the age of tennis players, claiming high places in the classification of the leading players in the world, is constantly decreasing. Already at the age of 16-17, many of them participate in competitions of high-ranking professionals, which requires them to have a level of preparedness that is not inferior to that of an athlete in older age categories. Such tennis players are distinguished by strong, flexible and enduring legs, developed back muscles, abdominal Press, shoulder girdle and strong hands. These athletes gain victories in competitions, withstand the amount of training required for a tennis player. Besides, power training contributes to the improvement of coordination abilities, the increase in the efficiency of movements and, in general, the improvement of their technique, as well as the strengthening of the connective tissue of muscles and tendons. This can significantly reduce the likelihood of injuries, and especially such common ones as sprains in the joints. On the other hand, it is known that the only effective means of strength training are exercises with the use of weights, the use of which is contraindicated by athletes of children and adolescents without knowledge of a special method. Therefore, any advice regarding this type of training should be worthy of special attention trainers.

Peer White identifies three main age groups for youth athletes (up to 16 years old) for whom various types of strength exercises are recommended.

Group 3 - 14-16 years old. You can use exercises with large weights in training, starting their development with the use of medium-weight weights.

To avoid the risk of injury from improper use of weight lifting, Peer White recommends adhering to the following guidelines:

· Never start exercising without additional warm-up, including general warming up of the body and flexibility exercises;

· When selecting exercises, proceed from the individual level of the athlete's readiness, his age and gender;

· At regular intervals to increase the degree of difficulty of the exercises;

· Constantly diversify exercises and training methods;

· Fill the rest intervals with relaxation and stretching exercises.

A number of strength exercises should be attributed to the number of exercises required for tennis players. These are primarily exercises for development. muscle groups providing movement in the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hip joints, as well as the muscles of the abdomen and back involved in the circular movements of the trunk.

Game actions are associated with the involvement in the active work of all the main muscle groups of the body of young tennis players. The leading role in these actions is played by high-speed dynamic efforts, which determine a high speed of movements. However, during strikes, rather high static forces are also essential, for example, the forces developed by the muscles of the fingers, hand and forearm to create “rigidity” of the racket's grip. Therefore, strength training should be comprehensive and develop muscle strength in different modes work.

In exercises for the development of strength in relation to impact movements, use rubber shock absorbers, expander, block devices, special simulators with resiliently and movably fixed tennis balls, weighted rackets, medicine balls, wrist resistance bands, etc. The mode of work of muscles and efforts should be varied in relation to the peculiarities of technique techniques, and, above all, to blows from the right, left and overhead. Strength training carried out from the first days of tennis. It must be considered as one of the main conditions for mastering rational technology.

1.3 Speed (quickness)

Speed is the ability to perform movements in the shortest possible time. This quality in the game is manifested in the speed of motor reaction, starting accelerations, distance and shuttle movements, in the speed of shock movements.

There are three manifestations of speed - the latent time of the motor reaction, the speed of a single movement, the frequency of movement. The speed is also characterized by the speed at which the movement starts. There is not always a reliable relationship between individual manifestations of speed. Thus, a high speed of movement can be combined with a slowed down motor reaction. When performing sports movements, as a rule, there is a complex manifestation of speed. For example, when performing acceleration for the ball, success will depend on the time of the motor reaction at the start, the speed of single movements and the frequency (tempo) of steps. The speed is determined by the mobility of nervous processes, the properties of the central nervous system to coordinate muscle contractions and relaxation, structural features and contractile abilities of skeletal muscles.

The latent period of the reaction depends on the time of excitation of the receptor, the speed of propagation of the nerve impulse along the afferent and efferent nerves and the central nervous system, the time of excitation and muscle contraction.

Distinguish between simple and complex reactions. Simple reaction is determined by the response time to a known signal. With a complex reaction, the signal is unknown, it must be selected from a set of possible stimuli (reaction with a choice). A type of complex reaction is a reaction to a moving object. In sports games, in order to react in a timely manner, you need to see the enemy, predict his possible actions, see the ball, determine the direction and speed of the ball and choose your own action program.

The duration of a simple reaction is 0.11-0.25 seconds, a complex one - 0.30-0.40 seconds. The reaction time depends on the age. By the age of 12-13, the time of the motor reaction approaches that of adults. The decrease with age of the latent period is uneven. Up to 9-11 years, the reaction time decreases rapidly, in subsequent years, especially after 13-14 years - slowly. The greatest increase in the latency period under the influence of training occurs at the age of 9-12 years. During this period, the advantage of exercising children over non-exercising children is especially great. If this time is missed, then it will be difficult to eliminate the lag that has arisen in subsequent years.

In high-class athletes, the time of a complex reaction approaches the duration of the latent period of a simple reaction. This is the result of systematic training, the development of the ability to anticipate possible actions.

At different stages of individual development, the speed of movement is not the same. It is possible to obtain clear data on this manifestation of speed only at the age of 4-5 years. The speed of movement in various muscle groups during this period ranges from 26.1 to 37.1 deg / sec. The development of the body is accompanied by a decrease in the time of movement. By the age of 13-14, the duration of single movements approaches that of adults, and the angular velocity increases markedly. At the age of 16-17, there is a decrease, and by 20-30 years, there is a slight increase in the speed of movements.

Young athletes are characterized by the best development of the speed of movements. Already at the age of 12-13 years, there is a clear predominance of systematically exercising children over non-exercising. In subsequent age periods, such superiority of young athletes over non-exercisers remains. The greatest efficiency of the development of the speed of movements in 9-13 years old was established. An important characteristic of speed is the frequency (tempo) of movements. In children of 11 years old, the maximum cadence was 38 movements (in 15 seconds). The largest annual increase is observed in children from 4 to 6 years old and from 7 to 9 years old. In subsequent age periods, the rate of increase in frequency decreases, and after 15 years it stops. In young athletes, under the influence of training, the frequency of movements increases. The greatest increase was found at the age of 9-12 years. In other age periods, training the pace of movements gives less effect. The motor reaction of a tennis player depends on the characteristics of game situations, and, first of all, on the actions of the opponent, to which he has to respond. In most situations, the player must quickly respond to the three main options of the opponent's actions (the three-syllable nature of the motor reactions): at the grid, reflect low outflanking blows to the right or left, as well as a “candle”; at the back line - long or oblique blows to the right or left and shortened blows; when receiving a serve - strikes along the center line of the court or oblique to the side lines, as well as strikes aimed directly in its direction (strikes in the center for a tennis player located at the net and at the back line usually do not require fast movements, so they can be ignored with the development of speed of reaction). Thus, the tennis player must determine as early as possible where, in which of the three possible directions, the opponent has planned to send the ball, and immediately respond to the kick. Moreover, it is important not only to quickly react to an already executed blow, but, if possible, to do it with the so-called advance, predicting the opponent's intentions. With the development of the speed of the motor reaction, especially the reaction with anticipation, the psychological attitude is very important. The tennis player must know what the first thing is to react quickly. The attitude to a quick response should be expressed in the psychological disposition of a tennis player to reflect the opponent's blows sent in one of three possible directions, and to focus more specifically on the details of his movements that are most informative for predicting. Speed of reaction to the ball is very important. To improve it, you need to impede visual perception. Balls that blend in color with the color of the room, dark glasses or glasses with a limited field of view are appropriate here. Great benefit brings the use of small balls. It should be borne in mind that repeated use of the same exercises creates a kind of speed barrier. Therefore, a variety of exercises are needed. The main method is repetitive and interval (with long rest pauses to eliminate oxygen debt and keep the speed). The maximum exercise duration is 20 seconds.

The main means of upbringing the speed of movements can be exercises performed at the maximum or near the maximum speed. Such speed exercises are characterized by a short duration (20-30 sec.), A relatively small amount of external weights or their absence.

The methodology of upbringing the speed of movements provides for the widespread use of all basic training methods: strictly regulated exercise, competitive and game.

The speed of the motor reaction is developed with the help of game means, as well as special and general developmental preparatory exercises... From the number technical means it is good to use a tennis "cannon" capable of shooting balls at high speed and in different directions. It is necessary to apply such exercises that require response regulated actions to the signal, including actions with a choice.

1.4 Coordination abilities

physical athlete tennis

Coordination abilities (dexterity) is the ability to master new motor actions and transform those previously mastered, depending on the situation. The highest requirements for the development of this quality are made in the game at the net. A tennis player at the net can be compared to a goalkeeper defending a large goal - the width of the entire court. Only with a well-developed ability to execute strikes in long and high jumps and throws can one achieve high skill in actions at the net. The agility shown in such actions can be conditionally called goalkeeper-acrobatic. Special dexterity is also necessary for performing a variety of movements, especially shuttle and zigzag movements, which are characterized by rapid changes in directions and methods. The so-called adaptive dexterity in relation to the game on various grounds is becoming more and more important in modern tennis.

Agility has another form of manifestation that is important for a tennis player. It is expressed in the ability to constantly expand motor capabilities, master new motor actions, expand the range of variability previously mastered. The development of dexterity depends primarily on the general orientation of technical and strategic-tactical training, the sequence of technique mastering, the predominant use of certain game conditions in the process of training. Mastering a sharp attacking game, a variety of techniques, a steady expansion of the range of variability of motor skills, the study of technique "on a wide front", when a variety of strikes are improved in parallel (in contrast to the obviously outdated step method with its installation to study each next strike option only after it is firm fixed the previous one), the creation of various, and mainly difficult conditions - this is what is primarily important for the development of dexterity with the help of game means.

The main directions for the development of agility are as follows:

· Complication and expansion of variability of conditions in which motor actions are carried out;

· Complication and expansion of the variability of the motor actions themselves;

· Introduction and strengthening of the factor of surprise;

· Mastering new motor actions, varying and updating the means used for the development of physical qualities, teaching technique.

Agility is especially important for a tennis player of any skill, age, when the opponent resorts to unexpected actions (the factor of surprise).

The main ways to enhance the effect of this factor are to reduce the time for response actions to blows and to create conditions that significantly increase the complexity of such actions (training walls of different design).

Various sports games are a versatile and effective means of developing dexterity. In the process of preparation in the annual and weekly training cycles, classes should be provided. various games and with their help to steadily expand the motor capabilities, motor experience of the tennis player.

It is advisable to play most of the games in lessons with tennis players according to simplified rules, on smaller grounds, using simplified equipment and inventory. Moreover, from time to time it is necessary to change the playing duties of each student; the tennis player must act in the role of goalkeeper, attacker, defender. The goalkeeper's play is of particular value for developing the agility characteristic of playing at the net. In this regard, it is advisable to widely use not only a variety of goalkeeper exercises, but also games on smaller grounds with a minimum composition of participants. Then the player acting as the goalkeeper will be able to play frequently.

Technique, tactics, strategy, training system are steadily improving and developing. Scientific research, technical progress, generalization of advanced pedagogical experience periodically introduce elements of a new one, make them master more perfect models of motor actions, exercises.

1.5 Endurance

Endurance is the ability to resist physical fatigue during muscular activity. Endurance can be manifested when local exercises(when less than 1/3 of the total volume of the body muscles are involved in the work), with regional exercises (muscles are involved, constituting from 1/3 to 2/3 muscle mass), at global exercises(when working more than 2/3 of the muscles of the body). The nature of the different species is not the same. Local exercise endurance does not imply high performance.

The nature of muscle activity, its duration, intensity determine the specificity of energy transformations in the body. The peculiarities of these processes are the basis of sports performance.

It is customary to distinguish between two types of energy sources, which differ from each other in that one “lives” at the expense of oxygen consumed from the outside, the other at the expense of the internal resources of the body. The first type of energy is usually called aerobic, or respiratory, the second - anaerobic, that is, going without an influx of oxygen from the outside. One of the main indicators of aerobic performance is the maximum oxygen consumption per minute. Anaerobic energy source, depending on the specificity of muscle activity, is divided into alactate anaerobic and lactate anaerobic.

According to the specifics of the main energy sources, all existing loads can be divided into 4 groups:

1) Exercises performed using alactic anaerobic energy. The power of the exercises is maximum, the duration is 10-15 seconds. This group includes: sprint, jumping exercises, various exercises with weights.

2) Exercises performed mainly by lactate anaerobic energy; they are close to their maximum power. The duration of the exercises is no more than 2 minutes. A typical exercise this group is 400 meters running.

3) Long-term work of moderate power, performed mainly at the expense of aerobic, or respiratory, productivity. The duration of such work can be several hours. The heart rate usually does not exceed 150 beats / min. All types of cyclic exercises can be attributed to this work: running on long distances, ski race, hour rowing, etc.

4) Mixed aerobic exercise. During their implementation, along with the increasing role of aerobic processes, anaerobic processes also take place. The duration of the exercises is 10-30 minutes. The pulse when they are performed rises to 170-180 beats / min.

The differences caused by the specifics of the energy supply that exist between the works in these four groups suggest that different methods increasing efficiency in each of them. In other words, special endurance in a particular sport will mainly depend on the level of development of that source of energy, due to which the work is done. Therefore, the methods of developing special endurance in sports that differ sharply from each other are different. So, the methods of developing special endurance in short-term work will differ from the methods of developing this quality in long-term work.

Analyzing the physical activity of a tennis player, it should be noted such features as a moderate amount of load, variability of the composition of actions in conditions of an indefinite change in the situation, wide variation in the degree of efforts, non-standard alternation of phases of efforts and rest, high intensity of efforts in decisive game moments, great emotional stress. All this largely determines the nature of the requirements for a tennis player's endurance. In the process of studies of intermittent activity of a cyclical nature, it was found that intense muscular activity, carried out in multiple series with short phases of work and rest, practically proceeds in aerobic or similar conditions and therefore depends on the level of aerobic performance of an athlete.

It can be assumed that the long-term work of an intermittent combined nature of the type of tennis game proceeds mainly in aerobic conditions and requires large energy expenditures from the athlete. As a result, one of the leading factors determining the endurance of a tennis player is the aerobic capacity of the body. Apparently, this circumstance prompted some researchers to determine the aerobic performance of tennis players by measuring the level of their maximum oxygen consumption (MOC). Regarding the specifics of tennis, they emphasize the presence of discontinuity in the actions of the players (periods of active action are replaced by small pauses of rest). For example, the duration of the drawing of one point on clay courts is on average 15-20 seconds. (here the minimum values are not taken into account when the rally of a point ends with one blow). A load of similar duration is provided by alactate anaerobic energy. Therefore, there is reason to believe that every single point is played due to the energy of the alactate anaerobic process. And the greater the power of this process, the higher the physical activity of the athlete.

Thus, given the specifics motor activity tennis players, it can be assumed that the special endurance of players mainly depends on alactate anaerobic performance, that is, on the ability to maximize physical activity for 15-20 seconds, and on aerobic performance, or the ability to perform work in multiple series for a long time. Consequently, the main methods of developing special endurance in tennis are methods aimed primarily at increasing alactate anaerobic and aerobic performance. It is possible to increase the special endurance of a tennis player both by means of general physical training and by means of the game itself, or by means of special exercises, which are similar in structure to the actions of an athlete on the site, since the process of improving endurance is inextricably linked with an increase in requirements for his motor abilities. Many coaches believe that in childhood it is necessary to lay the base of endurance in order to subsequently achieve high athletic performance... If the means and methods of training are used incorrectly, then during the formation of loads, negative consequences for the body of children of 11-12 years old may occur, therefore the solution to the problem of education of endurance in the age aspect will depend mainly on the rational selection of means and methods, training loads corresponding to the age and level of young people. athletes.

In the process of building endurance training load characterized by 5 components:

1. Exercise intensity (movement speed)

2. Duration of exercise

3. Duration of rest intervals

4. Nature of rest (filling pauses with other activities)

5. The number of repetitions.

In sports practice, developed general provisions to develop aerobic and anaerobic capacity. To develop aerobic capacity, it is recommended to use long-term exercises of moderate power, allowing you to achieve high levels of oxygen consumption and maximum values \ u200b \ u200bof cardiac performance.

At the age of 8 to 11 years, the extensors of the trunk are characterized by the greatest endurance, and the flexors and extensors of the forearm are high. At the age of 11-13, endurance increases significantly calf muscles... At 13-14, there is a slight decrease in the statistical endurance of the flexors and extensors of the forearm and extensors of the trunk.

With age, performance increases markedly with intense regional and global endurance exercise. The increase in endurance is uneven. The greatest increase is observed at the age from 12.13 to 14.15 years. Girls are inferior to boys in developing endurance. Moreover, what older age(8-15 years old), the differences increase. Young athletes are characterized not only by a higher working capacity, but also by a more significant increase in endurance.

With age, the possible duration of work with strenuous exercises with weights (lifting a load equal to half the maximum) lengthens. For children 11-12 years old, the amount of work is 66.5 kg / m, which is 3.5 times less than the data of adults. For tennis players, first of all, the so-called general endurance is important, on which specialized forms of manifestation of this quality largely depend (it is customary to call endurance manifested during prolonged load with low and medium intensity of motor actions, in which significant muscle groups are actively involved). General endurance needs to be developed through long-distance running.

Another form of endurance that a tennis player needs is the so-called speed endurance.

It is expressed in the ability to maintain a high intensity of motor actions for a long time under conditions of prolonged load.

It is advisable to develop a tennis player's high-speed endurance primarily in relation to percussion movements and high-speed movements. To do this, use multiple, serial performance of exercises that require significant muscle effort.

It should be noted that the efforts of physiologists, doctors, biochemists are mainly focused on identifying the biological laws of various forms of endurance.

2. Tasks of general physical training

The method of physical training of a tennis player should be based on the use of a set of different exercises, each of which is the best remedy development of any physical quality.

This complex includes:

1) general developmental exercises;

2) special exercises, developed taking into account modern requirements for the physical training of a tennis player and developing the necessary physical qualities of a tennis player;

3) elements and training exercises from other sports (for example, from acrobatics - jumping exercises);

4) practicing other sports (sports games).

General developmental exercises include exercises for the development of flexibility, speed, strength, dexterity, endurance, jumping: walking, running, jumping, throwing, as well as swimming, skiing, exercises to strengthen the ligaments of the ankle, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist joints, certain muscle groups, etc., to educate posture, as well as exercises that compensate for the relatively one-sided effects of technique, tactics and two-sided play.

Engaging in other sports will give the desired effect if tennis players study the technique and tactics of these types.

3. Tasks of special physical training

· Development of physical abilities specific to tennis (speed-strength qualities, speed capabilities, endurance); development of special qualities: dexterity and flexibility, necessary for mastering the technique of the game; the development of qualities that determine the success of the tactical actions of a tennis player (reaction speed, movement, jumping ability, strength, etc.). The advantage of the game form of special physical training on the site is the ability to master the technique of movements and strikes along with the improvement of physical qualities. Necessary condition- a large number of balls and motivation intense workout... With a two-hour on-site training, some of the time comes down to intense physical training combined with work on technique. Exercises are carried out for 1.5-2 minutes, a pause for active rest is 2-3 minutes. The intensity of the load reaches 170-190 beats / min according to the pulse, work resumes at 120-150 beats / min.

3.1 Speed

1. Players (3-4 people) stand in the left corner of the court, the coach addresses each of 2 balls: the first is played in the center of the court, the second is played diagonally, the player reflects the balls with a right kick, in the first case - long, flat, in the second - twisted, sharply graded.

2. The same, but under a blow from the left. Players run to the center of the court to execute a kick from the right corner of the court;

3. From the left corner of the court, the players try to get the shortened ball, which was played under a blow from the right;

4. As in exercise. 3, but after a shortened right hand, the coach responds with a backhand. A player, for example, can solve the following problem: the first time to play along the line, the second - to respond with a counterattacking short blow.

5. To exercise. 4, you can add a candlestick that will be reflected after the bounce.

6. Game different kinds impacts of significant intensity. The coach serves balls of various lengths, directions, rotation. A player in continuous movement tries to reach each ball and hit it in a certain place on the court, marked with a target. In addition to the speed of movement, reaction speed, endurance, and coordination are trained.

7. The coach serves the balls to the right corner of the court. The player from the middle of the court reaches the court and after hitting from the right (the required direction and rotation) returns to the middle, where he must touch the service mark with the racket. The series consists of 10 punches: the same for the backhand.

8. Playing in triplets on the back line. For example, two play only along the line, their opponent only - cross.

9. The same, but more intense: one of the players directs the ball along the line, and his other partner is at the net, he reflects the retaliatory blows. After a series of blows (2-3 minutes), the players change places.

1. Exchange of long oblique blows from the right (including corridors for doubles), the main task is to play right through. The game, for example, up to 5 points. The same with a backhand.

2. Flat serve with fixing the place of the ball landing in meters from the back line, 10 attempts, four serves each.

3. Combined rotation feed. The bounce of the ball must be at the back line at the height of the receiving player's head. A series can include 3 × 20 innings.

4. Jumping laugh. The player is at the net when the candle is sent. Running back, he gets the ball at the back line.

5. The same as in exercise. 4, but in combination with work on speed and coordination: after each mix, return to the net and touch it with the racket.

6. The coach plays with twisted half-candles, the player answers strong blows at a high point.

3.3 Coordination, flexibility, responsiveness

1. Playing with two balls at the same time.

2. A combination of blows from the back line and a shortened one aimed at an unexpected place.

3. Receiving service from the summer or performing service from the hawcourt line.

4. Game "two against one":

Two are at the grid, one is circling with a candle; two at the back line, one at the net playing from the summer and laughing; everything at the net - an exchange of blows from the summer in the given directions; the same, but the directions are arbitrary.

5. Two players on the back row play cross, with each shot getting one step closer to the net, and play from the summer (except for putting the ball into play);

6. Players A and B, each from their own half of the court, serve balls from their hand alternately along the line, player C takes out the balls and returns them with kicks from the volley in a given direction.

7. Serve with access to the net, the coach returns the ball with a predetermined kick; unexpected blow; including a candle.

8. The player is on the service line. Having played from the summer on the right, the player turns 360 ° and plays from the summer on the left, then again a 360 ° turn, etc.

3.4 Endurance

1. "Eight":

In pairs (both players are on the back row);

In threes (against two at the back line, at the service line);

2. The coach serves the balls different ways(play until you get tired).

3. “Fan”: the coach serves the balls, and the player kicks the first blow after the start from the center of the court to the right corner with a kick from the right; the second - after moving to the left corner with a left blow; the third - a blow from the summer to the right from the half-court line, the fourth - a blow from the left. Repeat 1-2-3-4.

Literature

1. Belitz-Geyman S.P. Tennis. - M., "Physical culture and sport", 1977. - 224 p.

2. Belitz-Geyman S.P. Physical training of a tennis player. - M .: "FiS", 1974.

3. Zatsiorsky V.M. Sports Metrology: A Textbook for Institutes physical culture/ Ed. V.M. Zatsiorsky .-- M .: "FiS", 1982.

4. Ivanova T.S. Organizational and methodological foundations of training young tennis players. - M .: "FiS", 2007.

5. Matveev L.P. The basics sports training... Textbook for institutes of physical. culture. - M., "Physical culture and sport", 1977. - 280 p.

6. Skorodumova A.P. "Tennis how to achieve success" - M .: "Pro-press", 1994.

7.http: //tennisexplorer.narod.ru/

8.http: //www.stennis.narod.ru/lessons/lessons.htm

9.http: //minsktennis.com/

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What is GPP

General physical training is a set of activities aimed at obtaining the required motor skills and abilities. GPP helps to develop a person's physical capabilities, increase body endurance and reduce the likelihood of injury.

Tennis players pay a lot of attention to general physical training, all trainings are conducted with a mandatory warm-up, and end with a hitch. Stretching exercises are also often practiced.

Strengthen the health of the athlete;
Provide harmonious physical development;
Create the necessary base for heavy physical exertion.

Among physical exercises that help to increase the endurance and strength of the body, running, swimming, bicycle rides, skiing, and all kinds of sports games.

Why general physical training is necessary for a tennis player

Everyone who comes to learn to play tennis has different goals and objectives. For some, it is enough to simply general strengthening of the body and an exciting pastime, and some strive to achieve significant heights in a sports career. Nevertheless, both for those, and for others, the implementation of the OFP is simply necessary.

If general physical fitness is simply absent as an unnecessary element, the future tennis player can not only forget about serious sports achievements, he exposes himself to an increased risk of getting various kinds of injuries and sprains. GPP is the foundation on which to build good tennis training and the essential elements to start and end your workouts.

OFP tennis

Physical fitness in tennis

1. Physical training of tennis players - this is an important section of the general training of a tennis player.

2. Physical training is usually subdivided into general and special.

3. General physical fitness (GPP), sets itself the goal of diversified development and preparation of the body as a whole for further
more in-depth and specialized work is the so-called "base".

4. Special physical training in its name indicates the work characteristic of their specialization.
It is very important to separate and understand these two concepts (offp and sfp).

5. The means of physical training can be very different and are limited only by the coach's imagination. Unlike TFP funds, which
should be strictly aimed at developing the qualities required by a tennis player, while such a load should be performed in
conditions as close as possible to those that we see in the game.

6. When working with athletes of different ages and different levels preparedness, you should take into account the amount of work allocated for the general physical training and the load
aimed at developing special qualities.

7. Young athletes and athletes with a weak level of general fitness should not strive for advanced specialization.
Sufficient growth and good development will ensure the general physical training, first you need to squeeze the maximum out of common work- run, jump, learn to run
shuttle and start and different positions, strengthen the muscular and ligamentous apparatus, and only then proceed to SPP, otherwise SPP will not give due
effect, because a house cannot be built without a foundation ...

8. The older and more experienced the athlete becomes, the less work needs to be devoted to general exercises and more time to devote to special ones.
It is important to understand this, because there are coaches and athletes who are engaged in increasing special endurance due to cross-country running, and "physics"
due to general loads such as exercise equipment and swimming.

9. The number of physical training trainings depends on the total volume of training (tennis trainings and tournaments and even "warm-ups" are taken into account).

10. If the coach in physics is another person (not the main coach of a tennis player) - he must take into account and try to coordinate his work with the coach
in tennis, as well as a tennis coach, must take into account the loads implemented in training in general physical training.

From the point of view of conditioning training (if we consider the game of a tennis player as physical work) Tennis is a sport based on high-speed movement, high-precision actions (positioning, approach, hit, etc.) and significant applications of effort (hitting force, starting jerk) manifested in non-standard conditions.

In addition, a tennis player must have a high level of speed endurance, in the absence of which mistakes inevitably begin ("marriage").

IN game types sports, a distinctive feature of sportsmen-gamers, has always been the ability to quickly maneuver and
instant acceleration from any starting position (starting speed), as well as their high coordination training.

When training conditions, a significant part of coordination exercises is occupied by the so-called. "small-step work", which helps, if necessary, to sharply extinguish
speed, as well as allows the tennis player to approach the ball more "comfortably", to pause before hitting and instantly start running in the opposite direction.
direction if needed (and it always happens).

Here, however, there is one contradiction that runs counter to biomechanics, it is often observed in the methodology of coaches who teach an athlete to run,
but we'll talk about that next time.

Let's look at the actions of a tennis player through the prism of biomechanics and physiology.

Starting speed tennis player, depends on the following aspects:

1) The speed of processing visual information.
2) The speed of impulse transmission along the nerve endings and its strength, which is expressed in the ability to involve a significant number of motor units of the musculature
(this aspect is limited by the activity of the central nervous system - at the same time, the strength of the impulse lends itself to training, but the speed of impulse transmission is a factor depending on natural
data, it practically does not lend itself to training and causes significant difficulties for those athletes who have this quality lagging behind.
3) Physical strength(namely, dynamic and explosive).
4) Technique of movement.

Coordination:

High-precision actions are sometimes performed by an athlete without excessive preparation, and sometimes it seems even without preliminary comprehension (on the machine),
but this is conditional, any action is preceded by a short analysis. A wide range of motor skills, on the other hand, contribute to making the right decision.
and significant experience of the player (consciousness, as it were, refers to memory, and if this action is identified as a "known" organism makes a decision the faster,
and the more correct how often "in similar" situations he was ...

physical strength and power application of efforts:

Most of the movements in tennis occur as a result of an isotonic (myometric) type of muscle contraction, in which the muscles are under the influence of an external
loads are either shortened (concentric contraction) or lengthened (eccentric contraction) - an example of a sudden stop after acceleration.
Traditional fitness exercises (simulators and other strength exercises) are significantly different from those modes that I described above, for the development
power in the modes required by a tennis player, it is customary to use plyometric exercises (exercises in which the elastic properties of muscles and
tendons - myotatic reflex, potentiating muscle contraction- for example jumping. More about "plyometrics", for example

How does general physical training begin?

Of course, with tests!

Before starting work, an assessment of the INITIAL level of preparedness is required.

General and special conditions can be assessed.

Testing is carried out in one, sometimes 2 days.

In FTA, at the first stage of work (general preparatory), passing the standard (routine) testing is mandatory.
To reflect the general picture, a set of "classic" gamer tests is enough:
Here they are (if you are interested in the conditions for their implementation, write, I will clarify):
1. Standing jump - 3 warm-up and 3 control attempts (the best result shown in control attempts is recorded);
2. Running 10m (or "FTA Start Test");
3. Running 30m;
4. Shuttle run 5x5m (1-2 warm-up, and 3 control);
5. Shuttle run 10x10m (1 warm-up and 1 control, the test is difficult if performed correctly, so the condition should be monitored by the pulse);
--------- REST 5-7 minutes (active), during this time you can test coordination or reaction
6. Running 200m - (we measure the pulse immediately after the run and one minute after the first measurement);

There are other options for "simple" testing that reflect the general condition of the athlete. We look who is in front of us, a lot can be seen already from the warm-up.
The level of functional readiness allows you to quite accurately determine the pulse measurements (but you need to understand this).

More complex testing is performed at the second stage of the work (special preparatory):
An example of testing the so-called. "Towns", from chips, cones and ladders, an obstacle course is built, the task is to pass the entire distance without mistakes for
minimum time - the total duration of the test is about a minute - the number is also not taken from the ceiling, if the average duration of one draw
in tennis it is 20-25 seconds (these data are given in the special literature), then this test is focused on some margin in long draws
or two long rallies, one after the other:

Example of special test "Town" (modulations can be anything):

Special test for tennis players "Gorodok":

After testing, it becomes clear which qualities of an athlete are leading and which are lagging behind.
It is quite easy to determine this, it is enough to compare the results of an athlete with the indicators of other athletes of the same
age group and of the same specialization.

After assessing the initial state of the athlete, it is required to determine the amount of assigned load (number of sessions per week, number of hours, program duration, its stages, volume and intensity at these stages).

When assigning loads, it is important to consider:
- age;
- the level of the athlete's fitness;
- the total number of physical and mental stress (the so-called total volume - all trainings + tournaments + warm-ups, including studies at school and even
expensive if the athlete has to spend a long time in it);
- the athlete's ability to endure these loads (this is an individual parameter);
- other factors.

In order to ensure the conditions for the full development of physical conditions, it is necessary to train:

Children from 6-9 years old - 2 lessons per week 1 hour each ( separate lesson) or 3-4 busy. per week 15-30 minutes each after the main workout;
Children from 10-12 years old - 2-3 days. per week for 1-1.5 hours (separate lesson) or 3-5 days. per week 30 minutes each after the main workout;
Children from 13-15 years old - 3 lessons. per week 1-1.5 each (separate lesson) or 4-6 lessons. per week 30-45 minutes each (self-preparation) after training;

It is possible to speak about the possibility or impossibility of assigning the current size of the loads if all the above-mentioned points were taken into account, ensuring the adequacy of the requirements. Of course, you need a smooth entrance to training process with several "new" loads.

The number of classes and the time are determined. Now it is important to set a GOAL for yourself and the athlete!
It can be expressed in different ways, but it should always be real, clearly voiced, and even better recorded in the training diary of an athlete and coach!

CONTINUED AFTER DO IT ...

General physical training for young tennis players (from 7 to 10 years old)

Secondly, this period is the same sensitive and physical qualities develop very successfully throughout its course.

Therefore, it's time to lay the basic foundation.

The preparation of a young tennis player should look like this:

STAGE 1 - GENERAL PREPARATORY (general strengthening).
STAGE 2 - GENERAL (general development).
STAGE 3 - SPECIAL PREPARATORY (specially strengthening).
STAGE 4 - SPECIAL (specially developing).

Participation in competitions is POSSIBLE at every stage of work.
A / C load preparation, as if the background is always present in the common work and is implemented EXACTLY according to this principle of construction (we tried other options
construction is unrealistic, tennis specificity is a separate conversation).

Unlike sports where there is such a concept as a "season", and the names of the cycles are called periods (general preparatory period,
special preparatory period, pre-start preparation period, competitive period, transition period, recovery period), tennis player
almost competes all year round, therefore, the above scheme for constructing a training program is not suitable for him. It is more correct to divide his work into STAGES.

The cyclicality of these stages can be any from one semi-annual cycle to 2-4 years.

A deviation from the 4-stage scheme of building physical education proposed by me, of course, is possible, but you need to have a rather high "feeling" of the athlete,
so that getting out of the load (for example, during participation in tournaments) does not negatively affect the overall training effect.

Each stage of training must be skillfully integrated into the overall work and the general rhythm of the athlete's life.

You cannot demand a linear progression throughout the whole year - this is unnatural for anyone.

We have heard claims that "peak shape" in tennis is also not a concept. Still as existing !!! It depends on the context in which it is considered,
everyone can "catch" a slump in work and unexpectedly reach the peak of form in some series of tournaments - the coach's task is to find the relationships between such states
his ward.

Your work should, most of all, be aimed at laying out basic training, which in the future is supposed to be imposed on more narrowly specialized,
loads. This is primarily due to the young age of your athletes, for whom at this stage sports career, the most important thing is DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT.

STAGE 1 - GENERAL PREPARATORY.

You should start by preparing the body for the upcoming intense stress. The most important pedagogical principles of teaching here should be - principles
gradual increase in requirements and continuity, sequence of assignment of loads.
This means that the first month of dash two, no sharp work should be done, do not jell the time for general training and do not be afraid of it, now you can hear the opinions of "smart people" that all this is "stupid running around", but you should take into account the age in relation to which we are talking about GENERAL loads.

Work should be replete with exercises for pumping feet, strengthening ligaments, developing back and abdominal muscles, flexibility, and increasing overall endurance.
(The initial heyday of the development of aerobic abilities falls just on your age - that is, elementary school age).

STAGE 2 - GENERAL.

We will dare to assert and we will defend the opinion of the Soviet "old school" that the first year or two of work with children of the age indicated by you should take
65-85% of the total work aimed at developing physical qualities. The tennis player must "run out" at any distance (from 5 m to 3 km),
all kinds of outdoor games (football, volleyball, basketball, tag, bouncers, etc.), go through the simplest acrobatics and gymnastics (somersault, wheel, bridge, etc.)
, jump from the heart on a good soft surface, etc.
By the way, this does not mean that TFP funds should not be applied for a whole year or even two. Just must have a priority in the future (you have up to 10 years old)
basic general developmental loads, then the percentage ratio of GPP and TFP will gradually begin to shift towards TFP (the further, the more).

STAGE 3 - SPECIAL PREPARATION.

During this period, it's time to start strengthening the muscles and muscle groups that are most needed by a tennis player to successfully perform some actions.
(impact, acceleration, forward and reverse movements in leg work), etc.

During this period, it is necessary to master most of the well-known "classical" exercises of a tennis player - the technique of running with a racket, the technique of starting from movement,
shuttle run, work on a rope ladder and other controls imitating small-step movements of a tennis player, exercises with a medicine ball (weight 1-1.5 kg), etc.

STAGE 4 - SPECIAL.

As you master the loads of a general and special nature, it is required to add work aimed at imitating the conditions and modes of some actions, which
TENNIS abounds *:
* - over time, we plan to create several video programs for different ages and for each stage with an explanation in the form of lessons,
now, unfortunately, there is no time for this yet (but the material is already being collected). When done, we will post it on our website!

Exercises for speed of movement (all kinds of jerks, "envelopes", "fans", "eights", shuttles, etc.)
- exercises with tourniquets (general and specially strengthening the upper shoulder girdle)
- exercises to increase strength (grip, hands, front thighs, back and abdominal muscles)
- jumping exercises (single jumps)

and much more, but still in small numbers.

REMEMBER! You should not go too far with the "special", because these are the trump cards that give growth, only on condition of consistent passage of EACH of the above stage of work.

General and special physical training of young tennis players

General developmental exercises: stretching and relaxation exercises; on the development of motor abilities, most developed in a given age period: flexibility, coordination, speed, speed-strength abilities, endurance; exercises on a gymnastic wall, bench; exercises with tennis, basketball and medicine balls, gymnastic sticks, expander.
Track and field exercises: short and medium distance running; cross-country running: running on rough terrain alternating with walking; long and high jumps from a place and from a run.
Acrobatic exercises: somersaults; rolls; coups; special acrobatic exercises for the development of jumping ability.
Sports games according to simplified rules: volleyball, basketball, handball, football.
Outdoor games and team relay races with overcoming obstacles.
Special preparatory exercises similar in biomechanical structure to the tennis player's striking actions.
Outdoor games with a ball and a racket.
Imitations different blows(in place and in motion).
Throwing a tennis (volleyball, basketball, stuffed) ball from the side - forward (right, left, two hands).
Throwing a tennis (volleyball, basketball, stuffed) ball from behind the head due to the rapid movement of the wrist, rapid extension of the arm at the elbow.
Kicking the ball with a racket (at a different pace, with different heights) up, down, on different sides of the string surface, with interception of hands
Rotational movements of a brush with a racket.
Methods for raising the ball with a racket.
Special preparatory exercises for the development of physical abilities (speed, speed-strength, coordination, flexibility, endurance).
Spring squats (on toes and full feet).
Squats on one leg.
Jumping up from a half-squat.
Squatting dance with alternating throwing of legs forward and to the sides.
Jumping "kangaroo" with knees reaching for the chest.
Forward bends with hands touching the floor, followed by a quick bend backward with toes touching the heels.
Bending and raising the legs from a supine position.
Squeezing a tennis ball in the palm, squeezing a wrist expander with your fingers.
Running for 6, 10, 30, 60 meters: mincing running with the maximum frequency of leg movements; running with a high hip lift; running with an overlap of the lower leg; running sideways and back forward; running with a rapid change in direction and method of movement; shuttle run; speed running; jerks forward, to the sides; running with an additional, cross step.
Running along the lines of the court.
"Fan" - high-speed running in five predetermined directions (from the center of the court).
Jumps: to the side - in length; to the side - in height from a place, with a fast and slow takeoff; with a push upward - to the side, upward - backward.

Outdoor games for young tennis players:

"Ball in a circle". The group stands in a circle, the driver - in the center of the circle and upon a signal (or without) throws the ball in a circle. The task is to catch the ball and throw it back to the driver.
"The ball is in pursuit". The group stands in a circle. The coach distributes 4 balls. At the signal, children simultaneously begin to quickly pass the ball to each other. Who has 2 balls - loses.
"Dog". The group stands in a circle. "Dog" in the center of the circle. At the signal, the children begin to pass the ball to each other in such a way that the "dog" does not touch the ball. If the dog touches or catches the ball, then the player who threw the ball becomes the dog.
... "Passes". Children are divided into 2 teams. Each team passes the ball to each other, and the other tries to intercept it (only the flying ball is allowed to intercept). The team that makes 10 passes in a row wins.
"Keep the ball on the racket." The group is in a circle with rackets. The coach distributes 3 balls. At the signal, children simultaneously begin to quickly pass the ball from racket to racket. Who has 2 balls - loses.
"Do not snooze". The group stands in a circle. The game uses 2-4 balls (if there are 10 people in a group, then 2-3 balls, if 15 people, then 3-4 balls). At the beginning of the game, 2-3 children have balls after 4-5 people. On command, children throw balls to the right or left, and catch on the other side. The one who threw the ball inaccurately and did not catch the well-tossed ball is out of play. The rest play until a winner is revealed. (When there are 4-5 people left, they play with one ball).
"Snake". Children are divided into 2 teams and stand in the back of each other's heads. The captains in front have the ball in their hand. On command, the first ones throw the ball upwards - back to those standing behind, the last one in the "snake" catches the ball, runs forward, stands with his back to his team and throws the ball back. The winner is the team that, after 2-3 laps, completes the task earlier.
"Goalkeeper". The group is divided into pairs. I. p. Of two partners - facing each other at a distance of 4-5 meters. One partner stands with his back to the wall or background. He must not miss the ball thrown by his partner, but must catch it from the air with both hands. Both partners move sideways with side steps. The winner is the one who catches the most balls.
"Collect the balls." Coach throws out a basket of balls Children put their rackets on the service line. At the signal, the children begin to collect balls (one (two-three) per racket. The winner is the one who collected the most balls.
"Owl". One of the playing "sovushka". Located in a small circle. The rest of the participants run freely. After the coach's word "Night!" - everyone freezes, and the "owl" runs out and takes with him to the nest the one who has stirred. Rules: 1) "owl" does not have the right to watch the same player for a long time; 2) it is impossible to escape from the "owl".
"The Wolf in the Moat." Across the hall in the middle of the hall in two parallel lines, at a distance of 1-1.5 m. One from the other denote the “moat” in which the “wolf” is located. The rest of the “goat” players stand behind the line along the front line of the hall. After the coach's words "goats to the garden" - "goats" should run (without stopping) to the other side of the hall so that the "wolf" does not stain them. Rules: 1) "wolves" cannot run out of the "moat"; 2) "goats" must run without stopping.
"Fifteen". For 5-6 players, one "driver" is selected. He must catch up with his rivals. The one whom he catches up and tarnishes, becomes "leading". Rules: the one who is tainted must first catch up with the other players, and not the player who tainted him.
"Catching in pairs". A pair of "catchers" is chosen. Holding hands, they catch up with the rest of the players. The game stops when the "catchers" catch up with one player and close their arms around him. If two players are taken prisoner, they make up a new pair of “catchers”, and two pairs already catch the rest. The game ends when two participants remain on the court, who become new “catchers” and the game resumes. Rules: the caught player is not allowed to escape from the "catchers".
"Dash for the ball". Players are split into 2 teams and are settled in numerical order. The coach with the ball in his hands stands between the two teams. Throwing the ball forward, he calls a number. The players of the teams with this number rush in pursuit of the ball. The first player to gain possession of the ball scores a point for his team. The team with the most points wins.
"Sorcerers". For 10-12 players, 2-3 "sorcerers" are selected, who must "tarnish" all the players as quickly as possible. Rules: “tainted” players are eliminated from the game; The “spotted” player stops where he was spotted with his arms outstretched and feet wide. If the “spotless” player crawls between the feet of the “spotted” one, then he comes into play again.
Mini football, handball and tennis ball basketball.

Exercises and games with lightweight equipment (light rackets and foam balls) according to the ITF "Play and stay" training program:

approbation of various methods of holding the ball and racket: tossing and catching the ball; different ways of passing the ball in pairs; holding the racket in the right and left hands, etc.
keeping the ball on the racket: balancing the ball on the racket, spinning the ball in a circle around the rim of the racket; passing the ball from one racket to another in pairs, in teams; passing the racket with the ball from one hand to another, etc.
Caterpillar game: Players line up. On one side of the line is a full, and on the other, an empty basket. The first player in the line takes the ball from the basket, places it on the racket and passes it to the second. The second player passes the ball to the third, etc., without falling to the ground. After passing the ball, the player must run to the end of the line.
game "Don't drop the ball": In pairs. Both players hold the ball on the racquet in one hand, with the other hand trying to force the partner to drop the ball.
rolling the ball on the ground with a racket: one after another in a circle; in pairs, etc.
bowling alley game: A student, rolling the ball with a racket, tries to knock the cans out of the balls. The distance to the cans can be increased or decreased.
game "Square": The coach forms 3-6 teams of 4 students, Each team forms a square. At the signal, the players of each team must roll the ball to each other in a circle. The team that completes the square 2-3 times wins.
kicks the ball up and down: stuffing up, down, forward in various ways; filling competitions; kicking the ball through the labyrinth, moving in side-by-side steps; hitting the ball with overcoming obstacles, etc.
hitting the ball in a specific direction: hitting the ball in designated areas; on a partner; on the coach; against the wall, etc.
passing the ball with a rebound from the ground: in pairs; against the wall.
game "Get into the hoop": players from a pair (three) take turns hitting the ball so that it hits the inside of the hoop (circle). The couple who first gets into the hoop 5, 10, 20 times wins.
game "Three": Three players are arranged in a circle. One tosses the ball, hits it in an arc, the third tries to catch the ball before it lands.
strikes on the ball at different distances: execution of strikes in different (far and near) zones; varying the force of impact.
game "Close-far": Two players play each other with or without bounce. After completing 5 strikes in a row, both players take a step back. If in the next rally the players take less than 5 strokes, they again take a step forward.
Blocking the ball with a racket: After a throw by a partner, the player must block the ball with a racket before the ball lands.
play with a partner: with and without ball bounce; from close and long distance.
lifting the ball with a racket in various ways.
Target game: Each pair has a large target on the wall. The players of the pair take turns trying to get into it. The pair hitting the target more times wins.
Tennis Basketball game: Each team tries to hit the basket with the ball using a tennis racket.
playing over an obstacle or a net: exchange of blows over an obstacle in pairs, in threes, by teams; with and without rebound.
playing against the wall: in pairs, by teams; wall banging competition.
counting games: singles and doubles up to 7, up to 11, according to tennis rules on a small court.
games in pairs, triplets, teams to perform the greatest number of strokes.
Improving the skills of hitting the right and left: one player throws the ball, the other tries to hit the third player, whose task is to hit the fourth player who catches the ball; repetition of correct movements after the leader: "who will repeat better!"; execution of strikes on the line and diagonal.
improving the skills of executing strikes with different depths: one player strikes short, the other - long; exchange of blows from the rebound - from the summer, etc.
competition in pairs - the winner is the pair that performs the most punches in different combinations
development of 2 strokes used to introduce the ball into the game: serve to the zone; service with further play of a point.
catching the ball to a specific area: the players perform the reception of the service to different zones and targets.
game with the execution of strikes that are difficult for the opponent: one player should only execute such strikes that it will be difficult for the second player to reflect. The second player must get all the balls and hit the first player.
improving the ability to attack: performing an attacking blow; execution of a shortened blow; execution of a candle; execution of a blow over the head; "Exit to the grid".
improving the ability to defend: execution of blows against a player standing at the net; reflection of the shortened; reflection of a candle; reflection of an attacking blow.

From the Program for tennis clubs in children's and youth physical training clubs in the Republic of Belarus

Physical fitness for playing tennis. Offp tennis

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