The method of teaching visam and stops. Features of exercises in hanging and supports and their practical application

Vis - the position at which the line shoulder girdle the athlete passes below the grip points. There are simple hangs, in which one part of the body is held on to the projectile (most often with the hands), and mixed hangs, in which additional support is used by another part of the body (leg, legs, etc.). ...

Crouching hang - mixed hang, in which the bent legs touch the floor or support with their feet. For example: on uneven bars.

Hanging hanging - hanging, in which the straightened or slightly bent body is upside down (laid back) in front of the projectile or behind it.

Simple hang - a hanging position when the projectile is captured by one part of the body (arms, legs, toes).

Mixed hang - a hanging position with additional support on the shell or the floor with another part of the body.

Hanging from behind - hanging on the arms laid back.

Bent hang - hang, in which the body is bent in hip joints so that straight legs are above the body, in front of the projectile or behind it.

Standing hang - mixed hang, in which the body is straightened and tilted back, and the feet touch the floor with the feet under the place of the grip.

Standing back hanging - mixed hanging on the arms laid back, in which the straightened body is tilted forward, and the legs touch the floor with the feet under the grip points.

Lying hang - mixed hang, in which the legs touch the floor with their feet (on bars of different heights - hips) in front or behind the grip.

Hanging on the right (left) is a mixed hang, in which the right (left) bent leg rests with the hamstring bend on the projectile, and the left (right) straight leg, the body is slightly bent, the head is laid back.

On a high bar, this position (hanging) is the starting point for all exercises without exception. Especially important correct execution hanging to gain a swing of sufficient amplitude and subsequent swinging.

In the hanging position, the body should be straightened as much as possible. This is achieved by sagging in the sternoclavicular and shoulder joints as well as relaxation of the muscles in the lumbar region. The arms are also straight, but not tense. The legs should be straightened at the knee and hip joints, the toes should be pulled. It is advisable to teach vis in a holistic way.

An emphasis is a position in which the shoulders are located above the points of support. There are simple and mixed stops. In simple ones - one pivot point, and in complex ones - two or more pivot points. ...

Side support - a position with a straight body sideways to the projectile and support with one arm and legs.

Upper support - legs apart right (left).

Horizontal emphasis - an emphasis in which a straight or slightly bent body is in a horizontal position.

Ring support - prone position with hand support and the hips of the legs bent back, touching the feet with the head.

The lying support is a position with support with straight arms and toes of outstretched legs.

Support lying on the hips - a lying position with support with straight arms and the front of the thighs.

Kneeling support - kneeling position with hands supported.

Support on the forearms - position with support on the forearms.

Support on the hands - position on the uneven bars with support on the hands along the entire length.

Support on the arms bent over - an emphasis on the arms, in which the raised straight legs are above the body.

Support legs apart out - support with straight legs wide apart horizontally, located behind the hands.

Support leg apart right (left) - position in support, when the right (left) leg is in front of the projectile, and the left (right) is behind it.

Crouching support - squatting position, knees together, with the support of the hands near the toes.

Different emphasis - 1) Position on the women's uneven bars, when one hand is in the support on the lower pole, and the other is in the support on the hand on the upper one. 2) Position on the horse, when one hand rests on the handle, the other on the body of the shell.

Support from the back - 1) Sitting position with support with arms laid back, or lying with a straight body and support with heels. 2) The position in the support when the projectile is behind the body.

Front support - 1) The position of a straight or slightly bent body with support on the projectile with your hands and the front surface of the thighs or toes. 2) The position in the support, when the projectile is in front of the body.

Support standing feet apart - support with straight legs apart.

Standing bent over - standing forward bend with support by hands. ...

Exercises in hanging and abutments represent various positions (horizontal, vertical and inclined) and movements of those engaged in gymnastic apparatus in these positions. Hanging and support exercises are available for children from 7-8 years old. V curriculum on physical education they are included from the 1st grade. ...

Acceptance of various positions in hanging and supports, balancing the body in certain poses are associated with tonic contractions of the entire muscles. Exercises in hanging and supports, providing a general strengthening effect on the body, contributes to the harmonious development of all physical qualities, especially static strength, and moving the body from one position to another requires dynamic muscular efforts, which is important for the development of speed-strength qualities.

Various body positions: inclined, vertical (head down) - have a positive effect on the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as on the activity of the organs of balance (vestibular apparatus). Exercises in hanging and supports are associated with holding poses, which require the trainees to be able to coordinate well the work of many muscle groups... Muscular sensations arising from the performance of exercises in hanging and abutments, as well as the presence of tonic reflexes covering the entire musculature of the body, create favorable conditions for maintaining correct posture... It is also essential that when performing exercises in hanging and abutments, children master the ability to assess the position of their body in space, to distinguish the duration static poses and the nature of muscle effort. The ability to perform exercises in hanging and supports with good posture, easily and beautifully, is important for preparing children for gymnastics.

To perform exercises in hanging and abutments, depending on the coordination complexity and the availability of appropriate equipment, frontal, group and flow methods of organizing students can be used.

The terms are very important in artistic, rhythmic gymnastics, as well as in acrobatics, jumping on a trampoline, since the execution of exercises requires accuracy, mutual understanding between the coach and the athlete. An accurate understanding of special names is positively reflected in the training and the end results of the gymnasts. In addition to the terms denoting movement, shells, equipment have special names, there are special rules for the formation of new concepts.

Gymnastic terminology is very interesting for novice gymnasts. Senior athletes already habitually speak difficult for perception phrases from short words, shouting in the hall "Sed", "Max", and their wards meekly embody them in the most complex body movements. Short - because the tricks are done in bundles of several pieces, each element lasts a fraction of a second, and here professional speech is adapted to the hard everyday life of gymnasts. The terms are taught in sports educational institutions, then they are repeated at qualifications, retraining courses.

But it is difficult for young gymnasts to delve into complex phrases, and they are in no hurry to explain them. But before novice athletes not only learn sports words and learn to translate them into beautiful and graceful movements, there are several things to consider that will allow them to practice for a long time, while maintaining their health.

Try to diversify your knowledge of the sport you are doing, study the theory, safety techniques and it will be easier for you in difficult moments, which are enough in this sport. Gymnastics is the most difficult sport, it is an activity for the strongest in body and spirit, but it is this feature that makes you take into account even the smallest details, which seem to be just words - terms.

Terminological requirements

Terms should be easy to understand, so it is desirable that they be built on the words of the native language, as well as borrowed words from another language, but only those that have an international meaning. If you form terms not according to the rules of word formation, as well as from incomprehensible words, then they will not be remembered and will not be perceived by ear.

Also, the terms should accurately convey the action in the exercise, in this case they will improve the interaction between the trainer and the athlete and the mastery of the exercise itself will be faster. An important property is the convenience of pronunciation, terminological concepts should be short and easy to pronounce.

In gymnastics and related sports, the study of terminology is important while observing safety precautions, therefore, special names in this sport have a big difference in pronunciation, which allows you to avoid misunderstandings even with short, not very clear commands.

The terms are divided into:

general, which apply to general concepts, as free, strength exercises;
the main ones, which are also called specific - they determine the signs of movements, such as hanging, half-turn, turnover;
additional ones - concretize the way in which the exercise needs to be performed, the direction of movement - for example, an arc, an extension, you can also supplement them with words that characterize the dynamics - quickly, gently, and so on.

General developmental and floor exercises

With a skipping rope

Jump is a small jump without advancement or with advancement.
Double jump - two spring-loaded jumps - the first is strong, the second is smaller in height, varieties - jump from right to left (leg), jump with a loop and others.

Exercises on shells

SEMINAR No. 2

"Methods of teaching visam and stops in secondary school"

1. Definition of hangs and stops

2. The value of hangs and stops

3. Types of hangs and stops

4. Methods of teaching visam and stops from I to XI grades

Determination of hangs and stops

Exercises in hanging and abutments represent different positions (horizontal, vertical and inclined) and movements of those engaged in gymnastic apparatus in these positions. Hanging and support exercises are available for children from 7-8 years old. They are included in the curriculum for physical education from the first grade.

In the first grade, students master climbing a gymnastic wall, bench, different kinds climbing, climbing and crawling, and from the II class they begin to master the hangs and stops.

Exercises in hanging and stops are simple in technique, and during training it is enough to show and briefly explain them.

For the development and improvement of hanging and rests in gymnastics lessons with young men, the material learned in the previous classes is used, as well as: lifting at close range by force; hanging bent over, bent over, behind; flexion and extension of arms in support on the uneven bars, angle in support, shoulder stand from gray legs apart; lifting by a coup, lifting by kip up to gray legs apart, dismount with a swing back. When working with girls, we recommend pushing the legs up to point-blank on the upper rail; pushing two legs at an angle; balance on the lower pole; emphasis squatting on one leg, swinging dismount.

Exercises in hangs and stops contain and very simple exercises accessible to students in grades 5-6, and very difficult, accessible only to high school students, etc.

In the school program, these types of gymnastic exercises are given a significant place and, the older the students, the more the classes are saturated with these exercises.

Exercises in hanging and supports are beneficial if they are used taking into account the physiological characteristics of the body and the level of training of the trainees. However, with poor teaching methods, the result may be different.

Vis... Simple vis is starting position exercises on a high bar, rings, rope, gymnastic ladder and other apparatus. When the muscles of the whole body are visibly tense, but the greatest load falls on the muscles of the arms, mainly on the shoulder girdle. With proper training, hanging exercises have a positive effect on posture: they strengthen the muscles of the back, abdominal and shoulder girdle, and help to straighten the curvature of the spine.

Climbing. The Physical Culture Program recommends several climbing exercises. However, their number can be significantly increased using a variety of equipment: a gymnastic wall, ropes, inclined, horizontal, vertical ladders. These shells allow you to climb in different ways and in any direction (up, down, sideways). Climbing with legs supported on various stairs, a gymnastic wall does not require much effort and is useful for all children.

Rope climbing is a more difficult exercise: the student pulls himself up with his hands, and pushes off with his legs, involving the flexors in active work upper limbs and the common extensor of the back. The most difficult rope climb is with one hand. Starting position - hanging outstretched arms. In the future, there is an alternation of hanging on one hand, hanging on two hands. To perform such an exercise, you need to have a very strong grip and be able to keep your body on one bent arm. This requires extreme tension of the muscles of the arms, shoulder girdle, back of the abdominal press.

Climbing with only hands is much more difficult , than with hanging, keep rhythmic breathing, the shoulder blades move away from the spine much more noticeably. This exercise should not be used in the lower grades, but in the older grades, it should be introduced gradually, as the muscles strengthen.

Stops. The emphasis on apparatus is one of the most difficult gymnastic exercises. Excessive pulling on bars or a horse with handles can cause poor posture in untrained students. When studying emphasis, one must especially strictly observe the principle of gradualness. Before moving on to shells, you need to master the exercises in mixed stops. These include standing stops and lying stops.

Standing stops. They do not require much effort, the body has additional support, breathing is not difficult.

Lying support... In this exercise, the amount of muscle work increases. The extensors of the head and neck are strongly tense, triceps shoulder and other muscles that fix the joints. The contraction of the abdominal muscles counteracts the deflection of the trunk by gravity.

Simple stops. The most difficult exercises of this , species - stops on parallel bars: they require a lot of tension in all muscles. It is a well-known fact: for beginners, in a simple support, the head seems to sink between the collarbones and shoulder blades, while the shoulder blades are under pressure humerus depart from the midline of the body and turn outward with the lower angle. The conditions for breathing in stops on the apparatus are the same as for hanging.

The value of hanging and stops

Acceptance of various positions in hanging and supports, balancing the body in certain poses are associated with tonic contractions of the entire muscles. Tonic contractions with small static loads, which are typical for the described exercises, require less energy consumption than muscle contractions phase character. Exercises in hanging and abutments, providing a general strengthening effect on the body, contributes to the harmonious development of all physical qualities, especially static strength, and moving the body from one position to another requires dynamic muscular efforts, which is important for the development of speed-strength qualities.

Various body positions: inclined, vertical (head down) - have a positive effect on the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as on the activity of the organs of balance (vestibular apparatus). Exercises in hanging and abutments are associated with holding poses, which require trainees to be able to coordinate well the work of many muscle groups. Muscular sensations arising from the performance of exercises in hanging and abutments, as well as the presence of tonic reflexes covering the entire musculature of the body, create favorable conditions for maintaining correct posture. It is also essential that when performing exercises in hanging and abutments, children master the ability to assess the position of their body in space, to distinguish between the duration of static poses and the nature of muscular efforts. The role of the muscular sense is extremely varied. It is important in the implementation of a number of body functions, starting with maintaining the balance of the body and ending with the emergence of ideas about time and space. The ability to perform exercises in hanging and supports with good posture, easily and beautifully, is important for preparing children for gymnastics.

To perform exercises in hanging and supports, depending on the coordination complexity and the availability of appropriate equipment, frontal, group and flow methods of organizing students can be used.

Exercises in climbing and climbing contribute to the development of muscle strength (especially the muscles of the upper limbs and shoulder girdle), dexterity, coordination of movements, endurance, and, in addition, have a direct applied value.

Exercises in hanging and abutments help to improve the ability to orientate in space with unusual body positions, foster dexterity, flexibility, strength of the arms, shoulder girdle and trunk.

Types of hangs and stops

Climbing exercises- this is movement on a gymnastic apparatus in simple and mixed hangs and stops. For climbing, you can use a rope, pole, gymnastic wall and bench, wooden and rope ladders. Climbing exercises are classified as follows:

ü climbing in mixed hanging or stops;

ü climbing in simple hangs or stops;

ü climbing with stops (tying on a rope);

ü climbing with a load or a partner on the shoulders;

ü climbing.

Climbing is performed in vertical, horizontal and inclined directions.

Crawling exercises serve good remedy for the development of speed, agility, strength and endurance. Basic exercises:

ü crawling in support while standing with legs bent apart;

ü crawling in support while kneeling;

ü crawling in support while kneeling with support on the forearms;

ü crawling on the side;

ü crawling like bellies;

ü crawling with a partner on the back or with a load.

Exercises on shells consist mainly of stops, hangs and various transitions from one position to another.

In the supports, the shoulders are above the grip points, for example: support, support on the forearms, support of the legs apart from the right or at the same level with the grip points, for example: support on the hands, support of the hands to the sides on the rings (cross).

In hangs, the shoulders are located below the grip points, for example: hanging, hanging bent over, hanging bent over.

Both stops and hangs are divided into simple and mixed. In simple stops or hangs, the gymnast holds on to the apparatus only with his hands (less often only with his feet). When additional support is used by other body links, the hangs or stops are called mixed. These include, for example, hanging squatting, hanging lying down, lying legs apart, standing support.

Pure Hang Exercises. With clean hangs, the entire load during the exercise is carried out by the muscle groups of the upper limbs and the body. In other words, the severity of the body is overcome by the work of limited muscle groups that are directly related to movement. chest... Pure visas are used to strengthen and stretch the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle, develop range of motion in the joints of the upper extremities, unload the spine and stretch it, and in some other cases, if there are no contraindications from the cardiovascular system. The use of clean hangs takes place to a greater extent with sufficiently good physical development... After the exercise in a pure hanging, it is necessary to apply exercises to relax the worked muscle groups or breathing exercises in order to reduce the overall physical activity.

Mixed hangs and stops. Mixed hangs, in contrast to pure ones, are carried out with the participation of muscle groups of the arms, legs and body with the obligatory grip of the projectile with the hands and support of the legs. With the help of exercises in mixed hanging, you can successfully strengthen the muscles of the arms, legs and body, develop movements in the joints of the limbs and spine, selectively increase physical activity on various muscle groups and successfully combine the rhythm of movements with breathing.

The stops, as well as the hangs, can be divided into pure and mixed ones.

Clean focus- emphasis on the backs of chairs, beds, etc. - is used mainly for injuries of the lower extremities.

Mixed stops have frequent use. Unlike hangs, which strengthen the flexors, stops develop extensor strength.

Exercises on gymnastic apparatus(on a gymnastic wall, bench, rings, etc.). Provide predominantly isolated effects on individual segments of the musculoskeletal system, on the function internal organs, vestibular function, etc. Exercises on gymnastic apparatus in the form of hanging, stops, pull-ups, are characterized by high intensity of both local and general action

I CLASS

Grade I students master climbing on an inclined bench, on a gymnastic wall, pulling up lying on a stomach on a horizontal bench, climbing over a slide of mats and a gymnastic bench. Climbing and climbing are associated with overcoming obstacles and have applied value. Exercises in climbing and climbing are active motor actions, during the performance of which all links of the locomotor apparatus are included in the work. In addition, a general physical impact on a large number of muscle groups is provided, which is important for the development of strength, speed strength and agility, as well as the education of courage and confidence in their actions. The presence of a wide variety of techniques in climbing on various gymnastic apparatus (inclinedly placed gymnastic benches, gymnastic wall, ropes, poles), climbing over a gymnastic beam, horse, heap of mats make these exercises accessible to all Students age groups... In basic gymnastics classes in the lower grades, climbing exercises are carried out in mixed stops and hangs. Climbing with mixed stops and hangs is much easier than with only hands, since when doing climbing with mixed hangs, the arms, legs and muscles of the trunk are involved in the work. Given the difficulty of climbing exercises, it is necessary to carry out them starting with simple tricks, such as climbing on an inclined set of gymnastic benches, a gymnastic wall, inclined and horizontally suspended ropes, and then proceed to the study of climbing techniques on a vertical rope.

II CLASS

A comprehensive program for grade II students provides for climbing on an inclined bench in support, crouching and support while kneeling (benches are placed at an angle of 40 °); lying on your stomach, pulling up with your hands; on a gymnastic wall with simultaneous interception of arms and rearrangement of legs, climbing over a gymnastic log at a height of 60 cm. From grade II, students begin to master hangs and stops: exercises in hanging while standing and lying; in the hang on the gymnastic wall, flexion and extension of the legs; hang on bent arms; exercises in the support lying and kneeling and support (on a horse, log, gymnastic bench); pull-up in the hang while lying bent over, the same from the gray legs apart on the rope and in the hang.

Climbing exercises in grade II differ from those in grade 1 in that the conditions for their implementation are more complicated. So, for example, climbing is carried out already on benches set at an angle of 40 °. Climbing on a gymnastic bench, pulling up while lying on your stomach, is also performed on inclined benches. Climbing on a gymnastic wall is performed with simultaneous interception of hands and rearrangement of legs. Climbing diagonally is added, as well as climbing to the side with cross steps. Climbing conditions are also becoming more complicated. In this class, students need to learn how to climb over a 60 cm gymnastic beam. There are two ways to teach how to climb over a beam:

1. Climbing by alternately shifting legs(fig. 117).

2. Climbing by leaning on hands and feet(fig. 118).

From the second grade, students begin to master mixed hanging and standing. But before teaching the visam, they need to be familiarized with the methods of gripping. Exercises in the hanging are performed with a grip from above (Fig. 119, a), from below (Fig. 119 , b) and different grip (fig. 119, v).

Grip techniques can be learned frontally by the whole class using gymnastic sticks.

Visi standing

3. Hanging while standing bent over (fig. 122). From a hanging position, bend at the hip joints to an angle of 90 °, arms straight, keep your head straight.

4. Hanging from behind (Fig. 123). From the hang while standing, turn around, releasing one hand, and again grab the shell with a shoulder-width grip from below with it.

5. Vis squatting (fig. 124). From a hang, standing on bent arms, unbending your arms, sit down and take a hanging crouch.

6. Hanging down from behind (Fig. 125). From a hanging position while standing behind, take a small step forward and sit down without bending your arms.

1. Hanging while lying down (fig. 126). It is performed from a hang on bent arms by alternating or simultaneous rearrangement of the legs forward. The angle of inclination of the body to the floor is less than 45 °. The shoulders should be almost vertical under the bar.

2. Hanging while bent over (fig. 127). From the hang while lying, bend at the hip joints and take the hang while lying bent over.

3. Hanging from behind (Fig. 128). From the hang, sitting down from behind, moving your legs back, take the hang while lying down from behind.

Vis (simple)

1. Vis (Fig. 129). The arms, torso and legs are in a straight line. In the hanging position, keep the body straight, the muscles of the shoulder girdle are moderately tense, the abdomen is tucked up. First, the position of the hang is studied on a gymnastic wall, where the exercise can be performed simultaneously by 10-15 people. Hang can be performed both with your back to the wall and facing it. When hanging with their back to the wall, it is necessary to ensure that the students touch it with the back of the head, shoulder blades, buttocks, calf muscles and heels, and when hanging facing the wall - with the chest, stomach, hips and socks.

2. Hanging on bent arms (fig. 130). From a hang, standing on bent arms on a gymnastic wall on the first or second rail, lowering your legs, take a hang on bent arms. On shells, hanging on bent arms can be taken from the hang while standing: slightly pushing off with your legs and bending your arms, hang on bent arms and
briefly fix this position.

4. Hanging with the legs bent (Fig. 131). From the hang, squatting, push off with your legs, bend them at the knees and briefly fix this position.

Starting from grade II, students of a comprehensive school must fulfill the standards for physical fitness in pull-ups. Boys do pull-ups on a hanging bar, and girls do pull-ups on a hanging bar while lying down. Since the adoption of standards is a kind of testing, it is necessary to adhere to certain requirements for the implementation of these exercises.

Hanging exercises

1. Hanging with your back to the gymnastic wall - hanging with one leg bent - hanging - hanging with the other bent - hanging.

2. Hang - hanging by bending the legs - hanging.

3. Hanging legs apart - hanging.

III CLASS

In grade III, students continue to improve in climbing on inclined benches at an angle of 45-50 ° and especially in climbing lying on their stomach, pulling themselves up with their hands, in a lying position. Basic climbing exercise students should master III class, this is rope climbing in the hanging on bent arms with a grip of the rope with the legs, as well as climbing over a log, a horse 90 cm high. In addition, the performance of exercises in simple and mixed hangs and stops in various combinations is being improved.

Hanging and support exercises

1. Hang - hanging with legs bent - hanging. Run 5-6 times.

2. Hanging on bent arms - lowering to hanging for 6-8 s. Run 2-3 times.

3. Hanging pull-up (boys).

4. From the support, standing by a jump, the support is on a horse, a log (hold for 2-3 s) - a swing backward dismount. Repeat 5-6 times.

5. From a support standing on a horse, a log with a jump support - support legs apart - support and dismount with a swing back.

Level requirements physical fitness pupils III class in pull-ups in the hang (boys): 5 times or more - high; 3-4 times - medium; 1 time - low.

Requirements for the level of physical readiness of grade III students in pull-ups from a hang lying (girls): 16 times or more- high; 7-11 times- average; Zraza and less- low.

IV CLASS

In the IV grade, rope climbing begins in three steps, and the skills of climbing over obstacles are being improved. Students master new types of hangs and stops, such as hanging bent over and bent over, hanging on bent legs and arms (hanging with a curtain on two), hanging at an angle, continue to raise physical fitness due to pull-ups and leg raises in the hang.

Overcoming obstacles

The teaching task is to teach children the ability to use the learned climbing techniques in more difficult conditions. To solve this problem, the height of the projectile increases, the technique of overcoming obstacles becomes more complicated, and obstacle courses are used. Combinations of exercises for overcoming the obstacle course should initially be simple and consist of 2-3 elements. For example, walk along the rail of a gymnastic bench, jump over another, climb over a log height 80-100 see one of the ways learned in III class. The next option can be as follows: walk 5 m on toes, hands behind your head, run along the gymnastic bench, climb up the gymnastic wall to the fifth rail and walk side steps to the left along the entire gymnastic wall, get off to the floor, run 5 m and jump into the hoop, walk 3 m and climb over the log.

You can also prepare such an obstacle course. Near the extreme spans of the gymnastic wall, two benches are placed across, at a distance of 2 m from the ends of the benches, a log with a height of 1 m is installed; at 3 m from the log, jump stands are installed and the rope is pulled at a height of 60 cm (Fig. 146).

Two students begin to overcome the obstacle course from the starting line, 2 m from the middle spans of the gymnastic wall. At the teacher's command, they run up to the wall, climb up to the top rail, one moves to the right, the other to the left to the extreme spans and, going down, walk along the bench, hands behind their heads, jump off and run to the log, climb over it in any way, run and jump through the rope, running around the racks and the log on the right and left, they return to their places. Obstacle courses can be very different depending on the purpose of the lesson and the corresponding conditions.

For obstacle courses, hoops can be widely used, stuffed balls, maces and other shells.

Hangs and stops

Hang bending(fig. 147) is performed on the crossbar, uneven bars, rings. The body is bent at the hip joints approximately at an angle of 50-70 °, the back is rounded, the head is slightly tilted towards the chest, the arms are straight. You can finish the exercise by switching to hanging from behind or, lowering the pelvis, to hanging sitting down.

Hanging angle(fig. 148) is performed on a gymnastic wall, crossbar, rings, uneven bars. Raise straight legs from the hang to a horizontal position. You can also do the following: take the hang from the hang by bending your legs and then straighten your legs in a hanging angle.

Vis bending over(fig. 149) is performed on a gymnastic wall, crossbar, rings, uneven bars.

It is advisable to begin to teach the hang, bending over, on the gymnastic wall. From the hanging, standing behind, bent over to the gymnastic wall with a push of the legs, go to the hanging bent over. In the hanging position, the bent arms should be absolutely straight (do not pull up). The back of the head, back, legs and heels touch the wall, the head tilts a little back (Fig. 150). Execute with. Provide help, standing on the side, under the shoulder and legs.

Hanging on bent legs and arms(fig. 151) is performed on the crossbar or parallel bars. From the hang, standing with a push of two legs, bending them, make a jump with two and take a hang on bent legs and arms (hanging with a curtain with two). You can also do it in another way: from a hang, standing from behind with a forward bend with a push of two, through a hanging, bending over, hanging on bent legs and arms.

Hang on one(Fig. 152): a grip shoulder-width apart, one leg bent at the knee is placed on the crossbar, the pole, the other is straight and slightly lowered, the body is slightly bent, the head is slightly tilted back. To belay, standing on the side, with one hand on the wrist, with the other on the shin of the leg performing the curtain. It is performed from the hang while standing behind, with a push with two, through the hang, bent over from behind, with a jump with one leg.

Hang on one(fig. 153) is performed similarly to hanging on one (curtain), only the bent leg is not between the arms, but outside.

Hanging on bent legs(fig. 154) is performed on the crossbar and parallel bars. The legs are together, the knees are bent, the body is straightened, slightly bent, the head is tilted back. They insure, standing on the side, for the shins so that the legs do not straighten out at the knee joints. Perform an exercise from a hang on bent legs and arms (hanging by a curtain with two), lowering the arms and straightening. First, the hands are lowered alternately, and then simultaneously. When passing from hanging on bent legs and arms to hanging on bent legs, they insure with one hand on the lower legs from above, and with the other support under the back.

Emphasis on the uneven bars(Fig. 155), the crossbar, the uneven bars (Fig. 156). The arms are straight, the torso and legs are in an almost straight line, the head is straight. Learning to begin with mastering the emphasis on the uneven bars after repeating the emphasis on a log and a horse (III class).

1. From the support, standing across at the ends of the bars with a jump to the support.

2. The same in the middle.

3. From the hang, standing on the crossbar, on the n / w uneven bars, p / v, push two at point-blank

On the gymnastic wall

1. Facing the wall with bent arms, hold for 5-6 seconds. Pause for 8-10 seconds and repeat again.

2. From the hang on the top rail by alternate interceptions of the hands, lowering down.

3. From the hang with the back to the wall, raising the bent legs. Repeat 5-6 times.

4. The same, but keeping the bent legs and extending them forward in the hanging angle and slowly lowering them in the hanging position.

On the gymnastic bench

1. Lying in a tight position, hands on the bench, flexion and extension of the Hands (boys - 8-10 times, girls - 5-6 times).

2. In an emphasis lying behind, flexion and extension of the arms (boys - 5-6 times, girls - 3-4 times).

3. From a lying position, hands on a bench covered with a mat, pushing the legs into a crouching position and jumping forward to the correct landing position.

Crossbar (low)

From a hanging, standing by a jump at close range - lowering forward into a hanging crouch - pushing the legs, swinging the legs under the bar in hanging, bending over - alternately letting go of the arms, hanging on bent legs - lifting the body forward, hanging on bent legs and arms (hanging with two curtains) - unbending the legs and lowering them back, hanging standing behind - letting go of the hands, step forward about. with.

Requirements for the level of physical fitness of IV grade students in pull-ups in the hanging (boys): 5 times or more- high, 3-4 times- average; 1 time- short,

Requirements for the level of physical readiness of IV grade students in pull-ups from a hanging position (girls): 18 times or more- high; 8-13 times- medium, 4 times or less- low.

V CLASS

Starting from the V grade, a differentiated approach to boys and girls increases when choosing equipment, exercises, and their dosage. Boys use the crossbar and the parallel bars to perform hanging and stops, and the girls use the r / v bars. All 5th grade students continue to improve their rope climbing in three steps and exercises in mixed and simple hangs and stops. Boys on the crossbar master hanging bending and bending over, swinging their legs, resting the legs apart from the right (left), from resting the legs apart from the right (left) dismount by swinging one forward with a turn to the left (right). On the uneven bars - varieties of stops (emphasis on the forearms, hands) and Sedov (gray legs apart, gray on the hip).

Girls on the uneven bars learn to hang on h / f, hang to sit and lie on n / f, hang while lying legs apart right (left), support from behind.

Both boys and girls continue to work to improve physical fitness, using pull-ups and raises of straight legs in the hang (boys) and pull-ups from the hang while lying (girls).

Crossbar (low)

One of the difficult elements on the crossbar is hanging bending (see fig. 135, IV class).

Execution technique. From the hang, standing behind, bent over with a push of the legs, take the hang bent over, unbending at the hip joints, hanging bent over. The body is bent and in an upright position with the head down. Hands shoulder-width apart with a grip on top, legs together, socks pulled. The head is tilted back.

I. Bars

Grade V students improve the performance of stops. For this it is recommended following exercises.

1. In the support, the sagging and lifting of the body in the shoulder joints.

2. Movement in support. For example, at the ends of the poles, take an emphasis with a jump and, alternately rearranging your hands, move forward. Having reached the other end of the poles, jump off. If the student cannot reach the end, then jump off inside the bars.

3. Movement combined with turns.

Forearm support

Execution technique. The torso and legs are in a straight line, the head is straight. The hand is slightly displaced outward, and the elbow is inward. The angle between the shoulder and forearm is 90 °. This arrangement of the forearms avoids slipping of the elbows during exercise (Fig. 158). Preliminarily, it is advisable to study the emphasis lying and lying behind on the forearms on the floor, then on the uneven bars teach the correct grip with the hands and the location of the forearms. After that, teach emphasis on the forearms.

Emphasis on the hands

Execution technique. The body is kept straight without sagging in the shoulder joints. Hands slightly bent in elbow joints, clasp the poles, leaning on them mainly from the outside (Fig. 159). When performing an emphasis on the hands, the width of the poles must be determined by the length of the forearm. True, it is not easy to stay on such poles at first, but in the process of exercising, the muscles of the shoulder girdle quickly become stronger and this width of the poles becomes familiar and convenient for studying and performing swings. In order not to hurt your hands, you can put on foam pads on the poles. To strengthen the muscles of the shoulder girdle and prevent sagging in the shoulders, it is advisable to raise and lower the body in support on the hands by decreasing or increasing the angle between the shoulders and the poles. The normal position of the shoulders in relation to the poles is when the angle is about 45 °.

Execution technique. From the gray legs apart, by the jumper of one, take the gray on the hip (Fig. 161) . The legs are located outside. One leg, bent at the knee, rests the entire lower surface of the thigh on the pole, and the other is laid back, the toes are pulled. The lower leg of the bent leg is parallel to the straight leg laid back, keep the torso and head straight. The support on the poles can be done with both hands or with one hand, the other to the side.

Vis on h / f

The students got acquainted with the exercises in the hangs in the second grade, where they mastered hanging on the gymnastic wall. The difference is that, while hanging on the h / w, the body is not fixed, but free. To improve the hang, you can offer the following exercises: with the help of taking the hang on the h / f - hanging with the legs bent - hanging - dismount down. It should be noted that the hang is the main starting position for many exercises on the parallel bars.

Vis squatting on n / f

Execution technique.

Sequence of training: in the 5th class, the hanging position can be taken from the hanging position through the hanging squatting position. From the hang while lying down, take the hanging while bending over on the n / f, then hanging with the legs bent and hanging, dismount down.

Hanging lying legs apart one (on horseback)

Back support

Execution technique. It is most convenient to take an emphasis from the back from the hang while lying on the n / g. With successive interceptions of hands behind n / g, go to support from behind - a kind of sitting on a pole (Fig. 165).

Vis lying on n / f

Execution technique. In the prone position, the body should be straight and slightly bent, the head is slightly tilted back, the arms are straight, the back of the thighs should be supported on the n / f (Fig. 163).

Hang bending(fig. 147) is performed on the crossbar, uneven bars, rings. The body is bent at the hip joints approximately at an angle of 50-70 °, the back is rounded, the head is slightly tilted towards the chest, the arms are straight. You can finish the exercise by switching to hanging from behind or, lowering the pelvis, to hanging sitting down.

Vis angle (Fig. 148) is performed on the gymnastic wall, crossbar, rings, uneven bars. Raise straight legs from the hang to a horizontal position. You can also do the following: take the hang from the hang by bending your legs and then straighten your legs in a hanging angle.

Vis bending over(fig. 149) is performed on a gymnastic
wall, crossbar, rings, bars. To

Hanging on bent legs and arms(rice. 151) performed on a crossbar or parallel bars. From the hang, standing with a push of two legs, bending them, make a jump with two and take a hang on bent legs and arms (hanging with a curtain with two). You can also do it in another way: from a hang, standing from behind with a forward bend with a push of two, through a hanging, bending over, hanging on bent legs and arms.

Vis on one(Fig. 152): a grip shoulder-width apart, one leg bent at the knee is placed on the crossbar, the pole, the other is straight and slightly lowered, the body is slightly bent, the head is slightly tilted back. To belay, standing on the side, with one hand on the wrist, with the other on the shin of the leg performing the curtain. It is performed from the hang while standing behind, with a push with two, through the hang, bent over from behind, with a jump with one leg.

Hang on one outside(Fig. 153) is performed similarly to hanging on one (curtain), only the bent leg is not between the arms, but outside.

Hanging on bent legs(fig. 154) is performed on the crossbar and parallel bars. The legs are together, the knees are bent, the body is straightened, slightly bent, the head is tilted back. They insure, standing on the side, for the shins so that the legs do not straighten out at the knee joints. Perform an exercise from a hang on bent legs and arms (hanging by a curtain with two), lowering the arms and straightening. First, the hands are lowered alternately, and then simultaneously. When passing from hanging on bent legs and arms to hanging on bent legs, they insure with one hand on the lower legs from above, and with the other support under the back.

Emphasis on the uneven bars(Fig. 155), the crossbar, the uneven bars (Fig. 156). The arms are straight, the torso and legs are in an almost straight line, the head is straight. Learning to start with mastering the emphasis on the uneven bars after repeating the stops on the log and horse (III Class).

1. From the support, standing across at the ends of the bars with a jump to the support.

2. The same in the middle.

3. From a hang standing on a crossbar, on n / f uneven bars, push two at close range.

A BRIEF GLOSSARY OF GYMNASTIC TERMS

The proposed dictionary contains the terms necessary for a specialist in physical culture, and does not include the terms used in artistic gymnastics at the level of excellence. The dictionary also does not include terms that are described in sufficient detail in the chapter "Terminology of gymnastics", as well as obvious, similar to everyday expressions (eg: slow, legs apart, on toes). Only the main terms are given in alphabetical order, all the rest are grouped into thematic groups.

GENERAL TERMS

General concepts

ELEMENT- the shortest gymnastic exercise, characterized by completeness and the impossibility of dismemberment into its constituent elements.

COMPOUND- a set of sequentially and continuously executed elements, while the execution of the element in the connection is qualitatively different from its isolated execution.

COMBINATION- a set of elements and compounds with a clearly defined initial (jumping, jumping) and final (as a rule, dismounting) elements.

Movement characteristics

SINGLE- movements that coincide: in the direction of the side of the limb - right to right or left to left; with a turn of the same name is movement to the right with a turn to the right or left with a turn to the left.

VARIOUS- movements opposite: in the direction of the side of the limb - right to left or left to right; with opposite turn - this is movement to the left with a turn to the right or right with a turn to the left.

ALTERNATIVE- movements performed first with one limb (hand or leg), then with the other.

CONSECUTIVE- movements performed one after the other with a lag of the second limb by a part (usually half) of the amplitude.

SIMULTANEOUS- movements performed by the limbs at the same time can be both symmetrical and asymmetrical. The rest of the above types of movements can only be asymmetric.

Prepositions

on- indicates which part of the body is supported, for example: on the head, on the forearms, on the right (leg), on the stomach;

c - indicates (if necessary) the end position, for example: in a handstand, point-blank from behind;

c - is placed between elements executed simultaneously.

UNION "and"- is placed between the elements, performed together in the specified sequence.

Groups of elements

SUPPORTS SIMPLE- performed with support only with hands.

MIXED STOPS- are performed: with additional support, except for the arms (more often with the legs); with the capture of only one part of the body - arms (hand), bent legs, socks.

MIXED VISE- are performed with additional support, in addition to gripping by hands.

JUMPS EASY- performed in flight after pushing off with the legs (leg) without additional support by the hands.

SUPPORT JUMPS- are performed with additional support (push) with the hands or hand when flying over the projectile.

Note: for definitions of stops, hangs, jumps, see the section on basic terms.

SPECIFIC TERMS

The main

RUN- movement in steps, in each of which there is a flight phase. In rhythmic gymnastics, the following types of running are distinguished (differences from the same types of stride are indicated - see. Step:soft - with an unsupported phase and more elastic; rolling - with an unsupported phase and more elastic; spring - consists of a series of jumps with alternate kicks of the legs; in the flight phase, the body is straightened, the legs are straight, the toes are pulled; spicy- it is performed less abruptly, the free leg is brought forward with a quick short movement and does not touch the floor with the toe; high - swinging movement of the hip when bending the leg forward and the phase of flight.

VIS - position on the apparatus in which the shoulders are below the grip points.

An asterisk next to a parent term indicates that the term denotes a particular item, not only in combination with a subsidiary term, but in and of itself.

WAVE- holistic movement with sequential leading forward and backward of the body links from the bottom up; can be done by hand (s).

Vskok- a jump on a projectile with an indication of the position in which it is performed.

ENTRANCE- from the stop (including standing), the transition with a turn in a circle to the stop on the handles of the horse.

Twist- the transition from hanging in front to hanging behind or vice versa, performed by rotation in the shoulder joints.

OUTPUT- from the support on the handles (including standing, with a grip on the handles), transition with a turn in a circle to the support on the body and the handle.

GROUPING- bent position with the capture of bent legs; varieties: G. sitting, G. lying, G. squatting, wide G.

SPRING MOVEMENT- is executed from and. n. arms to the sides: arms are bent in all links with tension, as if squeezing a spring; similarly, the arms are extended; a holistic spring movement is performed with additional flexion of the legs and trunk before squatting.

KACH- oscillatory movement of the gymnast together with the apparatus.

CIRCLE- a) movement of the arms (hand) around the circumference of 360 °; b) movement of the legs (leg) in a circle 360 ° by jumps over the projectile or the floor.

Flip-flop- rotational movement of the body with successive touching of the support and turning over the head.

CURVET*- jumping from hands to feet.

MAX- movement of an oscillatory nature with the body or limbs in one direction; types of swing motion: waving - several swings performed alternately in opposite directions; swing - rapid movement of the leg (s) in one direction with a return to and. NS.; sweep - swing from stop to hang or lower stop; jump- movement of the leg or legs above the floor or projectile.

BRIDGE- the most bent body position with support legs (leg) and arms raised up (arm).

BRIDGE*- performed with support with two hands and two legs.

INCLINE- abduction of the trunk or head relative to the vertical position; varieties: spring- performed in several movements with incomplete return to and. n. in the intervals between them; touching- performed by touching the floor with hands (hand).

TURNOVER- Roundabout Circulation the body around the axis of the projectile or the axis passing through the grip points, with a complete overturning with the arms brought to the body; big O. is performed with the arms extended from the body up or back and the maximum distance from the center of mass from the grip points.

LOWERING- decline, performed slowly, forcefully (see. Recession).

ROLLING- rotational movement of the body with successive touching of the support without turning over the head; according to the definition NS. to the side with full overturning cannot be called somersault (cf. Somersault).

Reversal- rotational movement of the body with full overturning over the head and support by hands (hand): a) in acrobatics they are distinguished P. jump(push with two legs, with two phases of flight), tempo

howl P. or simply NS.(with a swing of one leg, a push of the other leg, with one phase of flight), slow P. or "transfer" (without flight phases); b) on shells NS. performed through a handstand, on the shoulders, on the head.

FLIGHT- moving from one side of the projectile (or from one pole) to the other with the release of hands.

JUMP- a) jumping rope; b) a small jump from one leg to the other.

TRANSITION- moving to the right or left with the rearrangement of hands on the support and the execution of a swing (or other element).

TURN- movement of the body around its longitudinal axis; P. torso or heads performed without changing the position of the underlying links; half turn - turn 45 ° in marching exercises; in the rackon hands performed 77. shoulder forward or backward.

PODSKOK- slight bouncing in place or moving in the direction indicated.

RISE- transition to support from hanging or lower support.

SITTING- position on bent legs with support on toes; half squat - position on incompletely bent legs with support on the entire foot; crouching emphasis - combination of I. with support or touching the floor with hands.

BOUNCE- free flight after pushing with legs or one leg.

EQUILIBRIUM- standing on one leg with the abduction of the other leg and an incline.

RONDAT - forward flip with consistent support with hands and a turn in a circle with a landing on two feet.

SALTO- unsupported rotational movement of the body after repulsion or release of hands.

SED- sitting position without pronounced additional support; sitting support - a mixed support that combines a sitting position and substantial support by the hands.

CROSS- two simultaneous opposite moves; varieties: direct S.- is performed in continuation of the same-name re-swing; reverse C. - is performed in the continuation of the opposite swing; in both cases, a preliminary jump is described, performed from the stop (in front).

DISMOUNT- jumping off the projectile.

Fall- transition from stop to hang or lower stop.

RACK- a) standing position; b) vertical position with the legs up - indicating the support.

UPOR- position with support by hands, in which the shoulders are higher or at the same level with the points of support.

UPOR- vertical position of the body supported by straight, downward arms

ENOUGH- the way of holding the projectile; interception - the change X.

STEP- moving by placing the leg and transferring the weight to it; our.- means exposing one leg with weight distribution on both; in rhythmic gymnastics, the following types are distinguished NS.(hand movements are not indicated here): soft- from a toe with a short roll to the heel with slight bending of the legs without hesitation in the vertical plane; rolling- from a toe, when the other leg is brought forward, the supporting leg is slightly bent and unbent, spring - how roll-

ny, but with more pronounced flexion and extension of the legs; spicy- with a bent leg protruding to the toe, the lower leg of which is parallel to the supporting lower leg; performed abruptly, abruptly; high - with a high rise of the thigh and extension of the swinging leg; attached- with a toe with one foot and an attachment with the other; variable - combination of attached NS. and the usual; sliding - sliding movement of the exposed leg.

LEG-SPLIT*- gray with extremely spread legs; NS. right (left) - the leg in front is indicated.

Additional

Basic hand positions

FORWARD

WAY DOWN(not specified in I.P.)

BACK(to failure)

RIGHT or LEFT

SIDE

Arcuate movements of the hands and the direction of their removal in intermediate positions

(ARCS) FORWARD- see also abbreviation rules

(ARCS) TO THE TOP

(ARCS) BOTTOM

(ARCS) BACK

(ARCS) RIGHT or LEFT

(ARCS) OUT or INSIDE

ARC- a) movement of the hand in a circle of more than 90 °, but less than 360 °, starting in the indicated direction and continuing until the end position indicated below; b) on a projectile - a movement that begins with a decline, followed by a rise from the bottom point.

OUTSIDE- a) position of the leg (s) with outside hands (hands); b) the position outside the biaxial projectile.

INSIDE- a) the position of the leg (s) between the supporting arms; b) the position of the gymnast inside the bars or stairs.

LONGITUDINAL- the shoulder axis is parallel to the axis of the projectile.

ACROSS- the shoulder axis is perpendicular to the axis of the projectile.

STANDING- a) a position in which the gymnast rests his feet on the floor or a projectile, forming an angle with it more than 45 °, i.e. vertical or closer to vertical; b) the position of the legs, close to vertical (in the positions: the emphasis is standing bent over, the emphasis is standing, legs apart).

Lying- the position in which the gymnast is in a horizontal state or closer to horizontal.

Sitting- the position in which the gymnast uses support with the pelvis or the back of the thigh (thighs).

FRONT- face or front surface of the body towards the held projectile or support.

BEHIND- back to the held projectile or support.

SIDEWAYS- indicated (left or right) side to the projectile or support.

Let go- a straight torso, shoulders slightly laid back, straight legs, a raised head (not indicated if it is provided by the technique of execution).

Bend- the body is bent at the hip joints almost to the maximum.

ANGLE- straight legs form a right angle with the body.

HIGH angle - straight legs are maximally brought to the body and are in a position close to vertical.

WITH GRIP- straight legs are maximally brought to the body while keeping the arms with the legs.

MAKHOM - performed due to the inertia of the gymnast's movement.

FORCE- performed slowly, due to the muscular efforts of the gymnast.

BENDING- performed by accelerated extension in the hip joints.

REVOLUTION- performed with overturning over the head (back; if forward, then this is negotiated).

ONE, RIGHT, LEFT(obsolete "on top") - a) position of the leg apart, one (indicated) leg in front; b) lifting to the position of the legs apart from one.

ONE, ON THE RIGHT, ON THE LEFT(obsolete "curtain"): a) with a support bent (indicated) leg; b) lifting performed by support on the indicated bent leg(in the position of the legs apart one).

TWO(obsolete "forward") is a characteristic of a lift performed on the crossbar by a swing with both legs and an extension to support from behind.

APART(leg stand apart) - legs in a stand apart a step (colloquial "feet shoulder-width apart").

NARROW(leg apart) - legs apart in the stance are half as much as in the leg apart.

WIDE(leg stand apart) - legs in a stance are wide apart.

LESSON 28 OUTLINE forVIclass

General Lesson Objectives

Educational

Teach an active push with your hands at the time of spreading the legs when performing a jump with the legs apart through the goat (girls).

To achieve self-fulfillment the basics of lifting techniques with a swing with one swing, with a push with the other (boys).

Improve the performance of the studied acrobatic elements in combination (boys, girls).

Wellness

To promote the development of coordination of movements and orientation in space.

Develop the strength of the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle.

Educational

To form the skills of friendly and coordinated work when performing educational tasks in groups.

To foster diligence and the desire to fully fulfill the load in the lesson.

Necessary inventory, manuals, technical training aids:

gymnastic mats, crossbar, goat, dumbbells, cards for circular training. Main part 24 min.

434

436

Introduction 3

Part one. FUNDAMENTALS OF THEORY AND METHODS

GYMNASTICS TEACHING 5

Chapter 1. Gymnastics as a sports and pedagogical discipline 5

Tasks and methodological features of gymnastics 5

Classification of types of gymnastics 8

Recreational gymnastics 9

Educational and developing types of gymnastics 11

Artistic kinds of gymnastics 13

1.3. Gymnastics as educational, pedagogical and scientific
discipline 14

Chapter 2. Historical overview of the development of gymnastics 16

Patterns of development of gymnastics 16

Gymnastics among the ancient peoples 17

Gymnastics in the Middle Ages 24

Renaissance gymnastics 25

Gymnastics in Modern Times 27

The emergence of national gymnastics systems 29

The development of gymnastics in the second half of the XIX - early XX century 34

Gymnastics in pre-revolutionary Russia 36

The development of gymnastics in Russia after 1917 43

2.10. Possible ways further development gymnastics 54

Chapter 3. Terminology of gymnastics 56

Characteristics of gymnastic terminology 56

Rules for gymnastic terminology ... 57

Methods of forming terms 57

Abbreviation rules (omission of certain terms) 59

3.3. Recording gymnastic exercises 60

Exercise Recording Forms and Types 60

Exercise Specific Text Recording 62

3.4. General Development Exercise Recording Rules 64

3.4.1. General developmental exercise recording

without subject 64

Positions and movements of body links 67

General developmental exercise recording

with items 71

3.5. Rules for recording exercises on apparatus, free,

acrobatic and rhythmic gymnastics 73

Recording exercises on gymnastic apparatus ... 73

Exercises on the gymnastic wall,

bench and in pairs 75

Recording acrobatic exercises 78

Floor exercise recording 80

Recording rhythmic gymnastics exercises ... 81

Chapter 4. Prevention of injuries in gymnastics classes 83

Causes of injury and how to prevent it 83

Characteristics of injuries in gymnastics classes

and their prevention 86

Requirements for training venues 87

Insurance, assistance and self-insurance as measures of injury prevention 90

Insurance and assistance training 92

Medical supervision and self-control 93

Chapter 5. Basics of gymnastic exercise technique 96

Technique of gymnastic exercises and patterns underlying it 96

Static Exercises 101

Dynamic Exercises 104

Basic concepts and laws of dynamics 106

Knock-off and Landing 107

Reactive propulsion and reactive force

(support reaction), whip motion

Rotational movements 112

Swing exercises 116

Strength Training 119

5.4. General rules analysis of performance techniques
gymnastic exercises 120

Chapter 6. Basics of teaching gymnastic exercises 121

Theoretical and methodological foundations of teaching gymnastic exercises 121

Knowledge, motor skills, skills and abilities of gymnasts 124

Education gymnastic exercises 135

Getting Acquainted with the Exercise Under Study, Creating a Preliminary View about It 136

Practice exercise # 143

Consolidation and improvement of the technique of performing the exercise 145

6.4. Practical implementation of the principles of didactics

when teaching exercises 146

6.5. Methods, techniques and conditions for successful learning
gymnastic exercises: 148

Chapter 7. Sports halls, gymnastic grounds

and their equipment 153

Sports halls and their equipment 153

Multi-complex gymnastic apparatus 157

Gymnastic grounds and their equipment 159

Technical means used in the classroom

gymnastics in secondary school 161

Chapter 8. Scientific work in gymnastics 163

Scientific work of a physical education teacher 163

Gymnastics as a scientific discipline 164

Gymnastics Issues Requiring Research 165

Choosing a topic for research 169

Scientific problem, problematic nature of the research issue 170

Hypothesis 174

The purpose and objectives of the study 180

Research methods 180

Analysis and synthesis of best practice experience

and literature data 181

Pedagogical supervision 183

Questioning, interview, conversation 185

Inductive and deductive methods 186

Pedagogical Experiment 186

Formulation of conclusions and proposals. Summing up the research 188

Registration of scientific work 190

Language and Style Requirements 192

Part two. BASIC FACILITIES OF GYMNASTICS 195

Chapter 9. Combat, general developmental and applied

exercises 195

Drill 195

General development exercises 204

Applied exercises 210

Chapter 10. Exercises of gymnastic all-around 223

Floor exercise 223

Horseback riding exercises 229

Ring exercises 235

Vault 245

Exercises on uneven bars 257

Exercises on the bar 270

Exercises on uneven bars 282

10.8. Exercises on gymnastic balance beam

Chapter 11. Acrobatic exercises 293

Characteristics and purpose of acrobatic exercises 293

Basic acrobatic exercises training 296

Chapter 12. Exercises of artistic and rhythmic gymnastics 310

Characteristics and purpose of exercises rhythmic gymnastics 310

Characteristics and purpose of rhythmic gymnastics exercises 319

Compilation of sets of exercises 324

Forms of conducting classes 328

Chapter 13. Musical accompaniment in gymnastics classes 330

Chapter 14. The word of the teacher in the complex of gymnastics means 334

Part three. FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF LESSONS

GYMNASTICS 339

Chapter 15. Gymnastics in a comprehensive school 339

15.1. School gymnastics lesson 339

Key Objectives of Lesson 339

General requirements for lesson 340

Preparatory Part for Lesson 342

The main body of Lesson 346

The Concluding Part of Lesson 349

Organization of educational work in the lesson 350

Organization of the lesson and methods of managing trainees 351

Features of gymnastics classes with students of preparatory and special medical groups ... 354

Mass gymnastic performances 357

Chapter 16. Predicting the ability of gymnasts and selection methodology
children for gymnastics with sports
focus 360

16.1. Requirements of gymnastics as a sport

to students' abilities 360

Study and development of abilities in gymnasts 361

Orientation and selection of children for gymnastics

with a sports focus 382

Chapter 17. Basics sports training young gymnasts 385

Sports training 385

Stages of sports training 387

17.2.1. Athletic Beginner Workout 388

Initial Specialized Workout 389

Advanced specialized training for gymnasts 13-16 years old 390

Control for functional state young gymnasts 392

Principles of sports training for gymnasts 396

Way to high sportsmanship 397

Chapter 18. Planning and accounting of gymnastics work 398

Structure training process 399

Accounting for the results of educational and training work 403

Chapter 19. Organization and conduct of gymnastics competitions 403

The pedagogical and propaganda value of the competition 403

Types and characteristics of competitions 405

Documents required for the competition 406

Composition and work of the panel of judges

at competitions 412

Preparation and holding of competitions 413

Competition judging 414

Features of mass competitions 416

Gymnastics Judges Training 418

Chapter 20. Methodological preparation of a teacher physical culture,