Goals:
Introduce children to different kinds sports (football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, boxing, gymnastics, Athletics). Improve the ability of children to navigate the plane of the sheet. Enrich the children's dictionary with the words: coach, stadium, athlete, punching bag. Exercise children in the formation of words (names of athletes).
Develop fine motor skills of the hands.
Raise a hobby in children sports games playing sports.
Equipment:
Pictures depicting different sports, boxing gloves and a punching bag ( children's set), green sheets of paper with markings football field, cardboard-cut soccer balls, real football, basketball, volleyballs, simple pencils, drawn wavy and zigzag lines, colored cardboard, applique equipment.
We invite girls and boys to the fascinating country of Sportlandia. This sports country helps everyone to become strong, agile, quick, resourceful. During our today's trip to Sportland, we will get acquainted with various sports. Today you are not just guys, but athletes. Athletes are people who play sports. And now, athletes, stand behind each other, we go into the world of sports. We are runners, running around tables and then taking our seats.
Today I will be your coach. A coach is a sports and physical education teacher. Repeat this word and remember.
Let's get to know different kinds sports. Maybe you already know some of them? There are many ball sports. Let's take a closer look at some of them. Take a look at this picture. What do athletes play? These are footballers, and they play football. Football used to be played with a ball stuffed with rags. Nowadays soccer ball filled not with rags, but with air. Take a look at the modern soccer ball. But the rules of the game have remained the same: the ball can only be touched with a foot or head, but in no case with a hand. Only the goalkeeper, who is defending the goal, can catch the ball with his hands. We will play football during the walk, and now we will practice the game "Ball on the field". In front of you are sheets of green paper with a painted soccer field. Pick up a ball cut out of cardboard, listen carefully and complete the tasks.
Didactic game "Ball on the field"
Place the ball in the center of the field.
The ball goes to the top left corner.
Goal! The ball is in the right goal.
Place the ball in the center of the field.
The ball is in the lower right corner.
The ball is in the upper right corner.
Goal! The ball is in the left goal.
The ball is in the lower left corner.
Take a look at the following picture. Do you know what game athletes play? These are basketball players playing basketball. When basketball first appeared - and this happened more than a hundred years ago - players threw the ball into two old baskets for collecting peaches. One coach came up with this game so that his students had something to play in the hall on cold winter evenings. Take a look at the ball being played by basketball players.
But for sports, and even more so for competitions between athletes, you need a special place. And it is called a stadium. There is even a riddle about him:
Green meadow,
One hundred benches around.
Why do you think the stadium has a lot of benches? For the audience.
Listen to the poem:
I don't understand, guys, who are you?
Birders? Trappers?
What is the net in the yard?
- Would you mind the game,
You'd better walk away!
We play volleyball!
Take a look at this picture. It depicts volleyball players playing volleyball. In volleyball, players throw the ball over the net with their hands. Here's a ball. The players try to prevent the ball from touching the ground on their side.
And it's time for us to go. Get up, we're moving on. Only now, not jogging, walking. Like this. (Show of sports walking). Walking walk around the tables, ready to start, attention, march! Take your seats.
What kind of sport we are going to talk about now, you will be prompted by a riddle:
The bike riddle
This horse does not eat oats,
Instead of legs - two wheels.
Get into the saddle on the frame.
There are two pedals at the bottom
Spin them with your feet.
What is this riddle about? Cyclists ride bicycles, and their sport is called cycling. Take a look at the picture. Can you ride a bike? We will take a bike for a walk, and you can take turns riding it. In the meantime, let's play the game "Cycling".
Didactic game for the development of fine motor skills "Drive along the path"
Children draw a line with pencils between the start (a bicycle is drawn) and the finish (a flag is drawn) along the paths (wavy and zigzag lines), trying to lead with a pencil in the center of the "path" without going beyond its edges.
We continue our journey through Sportlandia. We will meet with one of the most ancient sports - gymnastics. Athletes doing gymnastics are called gymnasts.
Gymnastics means exercise, exercise. Gymnasts perform various exercises, thanks to which they become strong, flexible, enduring. We do with you every morning morning exercises... In these pictures you can see the performances of gymnasts.
It's time for us to warm up a little. Get out on the carpet, sit down, start gymnastics.
Physical minute "Gymnasts"
1. I. p.: O. with. 1-2 - raising your hands up, rise on your toes, look at your hands, lower them onto your shoulder blades, elbows up. Do not lower your head. Repeat 6 times.
2. I. p.: Emphasis on the knees. 1-2 - sit to the right; 3-4 - and. n. The same in the other direction. Do not lower your head, save stable position... Repeat 4 times.
3. I. p.: Sid crosswise. hands rest from behind. 1 - straighten your legs; 2 - and. p. Do not lower your head, pull the toes of your feet. Repeat 6 times.
4. Jumping legs apart-together. Repeat 2 times for 10 jumps.
Return to your seats. We are waiting for a meeting with the queen of sports - athletics... This sport is called the queen because the largest number of athletes are engaged in it. After all, athletics is running, walking, jumping, throwing. Track and field exercises were done by people in ancient times. First, in order to become stronger, faster, stronger, more agile. And later they began to hold competitions. Athletes involved in athletics are called track and field athletes or simply athletes.
But in this picture you see a fight between two athletes. What kind of sport is this, do you know? Boxing. What are boxing athletes called? Boxers. In the old days, people tried to settle disputes with the help of fist fights. But later, someone came up with the idea of organizing a competition for the audience. The boxer must have strong hands... After all, it is with them that he strikes the opponent. To train their fists, the boxers used a bag made of leather in the shape of a pear and stuffed with sawdust. It is called a punching bag. And in order not to injure their hands, they used to wrap them with thin soft strips of leather, and now they put on special boxing gloves. I brought you gloves and a punching bag so you can practice after class.
There are many more sports: tennis, chess, swimming, wrestling, hockey, figure skating, shooting. We will get to know them during our next travels around the country of Sportland. Now let's play the game "Name an athlete."
Didactic game "Name an athlete"
Who is involved in football? ... a footballer.
Who is doing gymnastics? ... a gymnast.
Who is involved in basketball? ... a basketball player.
Who does tennis? ... a tennis player.
Who is involved in volleyball? ... a volleyball player.
Who is swimming? ... a swimmer.
Who is boxing? ... a boxer.
Who is involved in athletics? ... an athlete.
Who does chess? ... a chess player.
Who is playing hockey? … hockey player.
Who is involved in wrestling? ... a wrestler.
Who is involved in cycling? … A cyclist.
Our trip to Sportlandia is coming to an end. Let's make medals to use in the Athletes game in the evening. But first, let's practice our fingers so that they can easily cope with the work.
Finger gymnastics "Training"
To make your finger stronger
And more mobile and more agile,
The finger needs help -
Train well.
Children put pads thumbs on the edge of the desk and lower your hand as low as possible, stretching your fingers. Then the same is done with the index, middle, ring fingers and little fingers.
Children perform the application "Medals". Cut out circles from cardboard (Yellow, silver, bronze), stick numbers on them (1, 2, 3). Later, the teacher will make holes in the "medals" with an awl and insert ribbons.
About everything in the world:
In 1930, The Rogue Song, a film about the kidnapping of a girl in the Caucasus Mountains, was released in the US. Actors Stan Laurel, Lawrence Tibbett and Oliver Hardy played local crooks in this film. Surprisingly, these actors are very similar to the heroes ...
Section materials
Lessons for the younger group:
Classes for the middle group.
Back forward
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Lesson type: learning new material using modern ICT.
Lesson type: assimilation of new knowledge.
Lesson objectives:
- Educational: to acquaint students with the history of the creation of a bicycle, a variety of types of bicycles, traffic rules for cyclists, with safe places to ride bicycles.
- Developing: development of cognitive interest through the use of ICT; awareness of the problem of danger to life in case of non-observance of the rules road traffic; broadening the horizons of students.
- Educational: instilling the skills of a road safety culture, the ability to assess the degree of risk on the road.
Equipment: computer, cards for checking and consolidating knowledge.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
Safety Minute “What do I know about traffic rules?” (updating of existing knowledge).
Students are given cards with test tasks. Children write down their answers, then exchange cards, check each other's work (mutual check). Then the work is handed over to the teacher.
Introductory word of the teacher: A moment of safety, it gave us the opportunity to find out what we know about the rules of the road. The fact is that we are increasingly finding out the sad statistics about road accidents involving children. Knowledge of traffic rules is one of the main ways to preserve life and health. What kind of transport do you like? Guess the riddle:
I don't look like a horse
And I have the saddle.
There are knitting needles, but they, I confess,
Not suitable for knitting!
Not an alarm clock, not a tram
But I'm calling, so you should know! (bike)
II. The message of the topic and the purpose of the lesson: "Traffic rules for cyclists" (entry in the notebooks of the topic of the lesson). Slide 1.
- The history of the bicycle.
The word "bicycle" means "swift" - a very popular means of transportation for children. The invention of the first self-propelled cart was the forester of Prince Bademsky, an officer, Baron Drez. The Baron had a great passion for mechanics. One day, Drez made something and rode down the street on horseback on a narrow wooden bench with two heavy wheels. With his feet, Drez kicked off the ground, accelerated, and for several seconds the heavy cart rolled by itself. Two years later, in 1815, a report appeared in the newspapers that the mechanic Drez was driving his "car." Seeing this invention, Emperor Alexander I approved this invention and Drez was awarded the title of professor of mechanics.
First two-wheeled bicycle was invented in Russia in 1801 by the master Artamonov. And it was called a SCOOTER. It was made entirely of iron, weighed 40 kg and rolled by itself, if, of course, the rider pedaled attached to the large front wheel.
The ingenious inventor Kulibin also dealt with a similar problem. In 1791, he made a cart, two wheels of which were turned by a driver standing on the heels of the cart with the help of foot levers. She could lead three riders. Quite slow, though.
In one of the French workshops, mechanic Pierre Michaud, in 1855, attached a pair of pedals to the front wheel, just like pedals are now installed in children's tricycles. Many new possibilities were immediately discovered. The car did not fall or overturn. Sedok maintained balance: the wheels spun like giant tops. Michaud christened it a bicycle. But the Americans called her the “bone shaker”. The car was shaking, heavy, had an exorbitant taut ride.
The inventors began to lighten the bicycle. In 1897, the bicycle was equipped with the last major improvement - the freewheel mechanism. Since then, cyclists have been able to rest without getting off the bike. It is enough to accelerate, and then you can go without pedaling. The bike will ride by inertia, of course not for very long.
This is how the bicycle became the bicycle in its current form. Needless to say, a long way to go. But the invention turned out to be a success.
By 1920, the bicycle had become the primary means of transport for workers, office workers, postmen and doctors. Bicycle means swift. Modern bicycles fully live up to this name.
- What are the bicycles.
There are many bicycles, and they are very different:
- the road bike is designed for travel on normal roads. It's convenient, but not very fast. Almost all the guys have this;
– road bike
- for long distance travel on the highway, it is light and fast;
– Mountain bike
- for off-road trips, for descending from the mountains. It is sturdy and reliable;
- touring bike and folding- convenient for travel, which you can take with you by easily folding it in half;
– racing bike
- for sports bicycle races;
tandem- a bicycle for two or three people, with seats for each;
- water bicycle- on it you can sail on the water, turning the pedals, like on a catamaran;
– unicycle
- needed in the circus for tricks. Seems. That the trickster sits on the wheel itself. And the clown bike goes back and forth. The clowns in the circus will make the audience laugh on it;
- railway bike Is a four-wheeled trolley with pedals for traveling on rails. Such bicycles are used on closed scenic railway lines for the entertainment of tourists.
- Bicycle records.
Scientists have calculated that you can ride a bicycle four times faster than walking. And it consumes four times less energy than walking or running. If a person can walk fifty kilometers until he gets very tired, then he can travel as much as two hundred kilometers!
Several sports tourists cycled around the world, traveling around the world.
Most fast record speed on a bicycle was shown in 2001 by the racer Sem. On a bicycle of a special design, which was called “Varna Diablo” (Varna is a city, it was made a year ago, and Diablo means that it is fast), it accelerated on a smooth highway without hills up to a speed of 126 kilometers per hour! It was a real and honest record.
And six years earlier, in 1995, Dutchman Fred Rompelberg set a record of 268 kilometers per hour. But this was not a completely honest record, because the cyclist was accelerating, tied by a cable to a high-speed car.
- Rules for cyclists.
Teacher: You don't need special permission to ride a bike. They are designed for driving on roads with different surfaces. These are machines capable of trouble-free operation on any roads, under various climatic conditions, they have a long service life. Cyclists, as well as motorists, are considered equal road users. All provisions of the Road Traffic Regulations fully apply to them. But we must not forget that a bicycle is the most dangerous type of transport, since it is not stable while driving, and the cyclist is not protected, like a driver of a car, by a body or a cab.
A bicycle is a simple and comfortable car. Some children, not having really studied the car, not having learned how to drive properly, not knowing the traffic rules, rush to the streets and roads with heavy traffic and find themselves in a difficult environment. In such cases, they are often the culprit in traffic accidents. Therefore, before entering the road, the cyclist must study the bike well, learn how to drive it and perfectly learn and know the rules of the road.
- The bike driver is allowed to: (Slide 8)
- children can ride a bike only in closed areas: in courtyards, parks and stadiums;
- only children are allowed to ride on sidewalks on children's bicycles under the supervision of adults;
- before leaving on the street, you need to check whether the brakes, steering wheel, sound signal, tires inflated, chain tensioned. The technical condition of the bike should be checked daily;
- if you need to cross the road, get off the bike, holding it by the handlebars, walk along pedestrian crossing... Trying to ride your bike across the street can end very badly;
- you can ride a bike only on those roads where there is a special sign in the blue circle “ Bicycle lane"- refers to the group of permissive signs
(Slide 9)
;
- only children under the age of 7 can be transported, provided that an additional seat is installed on your bike;
- a cyclist, moving along the street, must carefully monitor all signals given by drivers of other vehicles. The cyclist himself signals with his hands. Before braking, you need to raise your hand up;
- when going on a bike ride, inform the elders about the proposed route. Then you can count on quick help in case of bike repair;
- The bicycle driver is prohibited from: (Slide 10)
- Before the age of 14, you cannot ride a bike on roads and streets. In the courtyard - please, but not leaving the road;
- to arrange races on the road, a “race” game;
- operation of bicycles, if there are technical malfunctions: braking device, steering wheel not secured, wheel bent. Tires are poorly inflated;
- movement of cyclists-students in the dark;
- carry objects or cargo that protrude 0.5 meters in length and width beyond the dimensions of the bicycle and may interfere with control;
- towing bicycles and mopeds; in any places on the streets and roads, the bicycle driver is obliged to let blind pedestrians signaling with a white cane;
– is strictly prohibited- cling to passing vehicles and ride a bicycle with one hand on the steering wheel or without hands.
Remember guys! sign in a red circle - “Cycling prohibited ”. (Slide 11)
- Violation of traffic rules.
The Federal Law on the Rules of the Road states: “... Failure to comply with the requirements of the Rules of the Road - entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of one minimum wage”.
III. Final part. Reflection: “Exam for cyclists” (students are divided into teams and take turns answering test questions).
Questions for the first group: (Slide 12)
When driving on the road, the cyclist:
A) can drive without holding the steering wheel in the event that there are no other vehicles nearby;
B) has no right to throw the steering wheel;
C) may not be able to hold onto the steering wheel, but both feet must be on the pedals.
2. Is it possible to carry passengers on a bicycle?
A) Yes; (if yes, then under what conditions)
B) No.
At what age is it allowed to cycle on public roads?
A) At least 10 years old.
B) At least 14 years old.
C) at least 16 years old.
Questions for the second group:(Slide 13, 14, 15)
Is it allowed to tow the bike with another bike or moped?
A) Allowed, because mom is worried and you need to go home faster.
B) Not permitted.
What are the rules for a cyclist if he drives the bike with his hands?
A) Rules for drivers.
B) Rules for pedestrians.
The rules require the bike to be in good working order:
A) chain, sound signal, brake;
B) pedals.
Conclusion: Guys, remember! A bicycle is a convenient and very common form of transport for movement. But this and dangerous species transport if you do not follow the safety culture on the road. Therefore, cyclists are subject to increased requirements in terms of knowledge of the rules of the road. Remember these rules, follow and you will not be the culprit in road accidents . (Slide 16)
Everyone should know this by five! ”
Important road signs -
Compass for adults and children.
Children! Be careful!
Know what is not allowed, what is possible!
Do whatever the signs say!
In the next lesson, we will continue with you acquaintance with the rules of cycling on streets and roads, the movements of groups of cyclists. (Slide 17)
IV. Homework.
- Draw a road permitting “Cycling allowed”.
- Solve a crossword puzzle on traffic rules (at the discretion of the teacher)
Literature:
- Fundamentals of life safety: elective course "We and the road" / author-comp. O. V. Pakhnutova/.
- Thematic game on OBZH. Toolkit for the teacher. - M .: TC Sphere.
- Fidget magazine. Cycle "Little rescuer".
- Newspaper on traffic rules for children "Good road of childhood".
Abstract on the topic:
Cycling
Plan:
- Introduction
- 1
Cycling disciplines
- 1.1 Cycling-highway
- 1.2 Cyclocross
- 1.3 Cycling track
- 1.4 Mountain bike
- 1.5 Trial
- 1.6 BMX
- 2 History Sources of
Introduction
Road bike
Cycling(in the broadest sense of the word) is movement on the ground using vehicles (bicycles), driven by the muscular force of a person.
Cycling (cycling) includes such disciplines as racing on the track, highway, rough terrain, mountain biking, competition in figure riding and ball games on bicycles - bicycle polo and bicycle ball, etc. Cycling is also part of such a sport as triathlon. The main goal of racing disciplines is to cover the distance as quickly as possible.
As a sport, cycling is administered by the International Cycling Union, based in Switzerland. In Russia, the Cycling Federation of Russia performs similar functions.
1. Disciplines of cycling
Bicycle Racer (1909)
1.1. Cycling-highway
Olympic sports:
- group race
- individual race
Non-Olympic types:
- team race
- multi-day race
- race uphill
- criterium
1.2. Cyclocross
- group race
- individual race
1.3. Cycling track
- sprint - a race on a track for two or three laps, in which two to four riders take part. The winner in each particular race is the one who crossed the finish line first.
- team sprint
- individual pursuit
- team pursuit race
- points race
- git (individual ride for 1 km, 500 m or 200 m)
- madison (doubles race)
- keirin
- scratch (group race)
- omnium (all-around)
1.4. Mountain bike
- cross-country XC
- Olympic XCO: XCO
- XCM Marathon: XCM
- Cross-Country Point-to-Point Distance: XCP (Point to Point)
- Short Circuit XC: XCC Criterium
- XCT Time Trial: XCT (Time Trial)
- Cross Country Team Relay: XCR (Team Relay)
- XCS Multi-Day Race: XCS (Multi-Day Race)
- downhill
- biker cross
- freeride
1.5. Trial
1.6. BMX
- BMX flight
- BMX dirt
- BMX-vert
- Flatland
2. History
1869 - first held official competitions... They passed in France, the distance ran between Rouen and Paris (120 km). The participants' bicycles were then made of wood. The winner managed to reach an average speed of about 11 km / h.
1893 - First World Track Championships (Chicago).
1921 - First World Highway Championship (Copenhagen).
1896 - Cycling is included in the Olympic Games.
1911-1913 - the first round the world trip by bicycle (A. Pankratov, Russia)
Sources of
- Article in TSB
This abstract is based on an article from the Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/09/11 21:02:08
Similar abstracts:
Cycling
Bicycle, from Latin velox - fast and pes - leg. Motorless wheeled vehicle driven by a rider - a cyclist, and intended for movement over long distances, active recreation and sporting events... It is a two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicle for travel, driven by 2 pedals through a chain drive. There are road bicycles for adults, teenagers, children, including folding, sports, including tandems, special - cargo, circus, cycle carriages and others. A bicycle with an internal combustion engine is called a moped.
Velodrome comes from two words - bicycle and the Greek dromos - running, a place to run. This sports facility - outdoor or indoor, for training and competition in cycling, consists of a track with stands, auxiliary facilities.
Cycling includes track racing, highway, rough terrain, mountain biking, figure riding and ball games on bicycles - cycle polo and bicycle ball. The main goal of cycling is to cover the competitive distance on bicycles as quickly as possible.
This sport originated in Europe in the 1860s.
The first major international competition there was a race at a distance of 120 km, held in 1869 in France on the route Paris-Rouen, the participants of which performed on wooden bicycles.
It was included in the program of the Olympic Games since 1896 among men, and since 1984 - among women - at first only men competed, and women were allowed to participate in road races in 1984, in race on the track - since 1988. On Olympic Games in the period from 1896 to 1924, the program of the Olympic competitions was drawn up arbitrarily: in a number of cases, races were included only on the track - 1900 and 1904, or only on the highway - in 1912.
The competition program began to be determined from 1928 and changed little until 1992. The program on the track provided for a hit from a spot of 1000 m - it is here that records are recorded, as well as a sprint race, an individual and team pursuit race of 4000 m, a group and team road races. Tandem track races were held from 1908 to 1972. Each national team could be represented by 15 riders, each entered athlete had the right to compete in any discipline. However, the competition regulations limited the number of start-ups: in a standing round, sprint race and individual track pursuit - one athlete each, in a group road race - four each, in a team road race 100 km and a team pursuit on a track - one team from each four people
The team and group road races have been held separately since 1960. Prior to that, in the team race, the sum of the results shown by the athletes of each of the participating countries of these competitions was counted. In the 1912 competitions, the sum of four was taken into account, and in the period from 1920 to 1956 - the sum of three results.
The 1996 Olympic program includes new types of races for men and women - individual race on the highway and cross, and the team race on the highway is excluded. Thus, 14 sets of medals were played at the Olympic Games:
group road race in men and women;
individual time trial for men and women;
on the track - a hit of 1000 m from a place for men;
sprint race for men and women;
individual pursuit race for men and women;
men's team pursuit;
points race for men and women;
mountain bike - cross country for men and women.
The system of admission to the 1996 Olympic Games has changed: the total number of athletes is determined by the system of qualifying competitions and for races on the highway should be no more than 200 men and 60 women; on the track - 186 athletes for men and women, mountain bike - 50 men and 30 women.
The World Track Racing Championships have been held since 1893. The World Highway Championships have been held since 1921 and indoors since 1929.
The first track cycling world championship took place in 1893 in Chicago, USA, and on the highway in 1921 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The cyclocross world championships have been held since 1950. European Championships have been held in indoor racing only since 1930. In the International Cycling Union, the UCI was founded in 1900. As of 1999, it included 167 countries. Until 1992, it included the International amateur federation cycling - FIAC, which was founded in 1965, and International Federation professional cycling - FIKP. Since 1993, the division into amateur and professional federations was recognized as inappropriate, and now a single International Cycling Union has been formed.
Cycling
Bicycle, from Latin velox - fast and pes - leg. A non-motorized wheeled vehicle, driven by a rider - a cyclist, and designed for long distance travel, outdoor activities and sports competitions. It is a two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicle for travel, driven by 2 pedals through a chain drive. There are road bicycles for adults, teenagers, children, including folding, sports, including tandems, special - cargo, circus, cycle carriages and others. A bicycle with an internal combustion engine is called a moped.
Velodrome comes from two words - bicycle and the Greek dromos - running, a place to run. This sports facility - outdoor or indoor, for training and competition in cycling, consists of a track with stands, auxiliary facilities.
Cycling includes track racing, highway, rough terrain, mountain biking, figure riding and ball games on bicycles - cycle polo and bicycle ball. The main goal of cycling is to cover the competitive distance on bicycles as quickly as possible.
This sport originated in Europe in the 1860s.
The first major international competition was the 120 km race, which took place in 1869 in France on the Paris-Rouen route, the participants of which competed on wooden bicycles.
It was included in the program of the Olympic Games since 1896 among men, and since 1984 - among women - at first only men competed, and women were allowed to participate in road races in 1984, in race on the track - since 1988. At the Olympic Games in the period from 1896 to 1924, the program of the Olympic competitions was drawn up arbitrarily: in some cases, races were included only on the track - 1900 and 1904, or only on the highway - in 1912.
The competition program began to be determined from 1928 and changed little until 1992. The program on the track provided for a hit from a spot of 1000 m - it is here that records are recorded, as well as a sprint race, an individual and team pursuit race of 4000 m, a group and team road races. Tandem track races were held from 1908 to 1972. Each national team could be represented by 15 riders, each entered athlete had the right to compete in any discipline. However, the competition regulations limited the number of start-ups: in a standing round, sprint race and individual track pursuit - one athlete each, in a group road race - four each, in a team road race 100 km and a team pursuit on a track - one team from each four people
The team and group road races have been held separately since 1960. Prior to that, in the team race, the sum of the results shown by the athletes of each of the participating countries of these competitions was counted. In the 1912 competitions, the sum of four was taken into account, and in the period from 1920 to 1956 - the sum of three results.
The 1996 Olympic program includes new types of races for men and women - individual race on the highway and cross, and the team race on the highway is excluded. Thus, 14 sets of medals were played at the Olympic Games:
group road race for men and women;
individual time trial for men and women;
on the track - hit 1000 m from a place for men;
sprint race for men and women;
individual pursuit race for men and women;
men's team pursuit;
points race for men and women;
mountain bike - cross country for men and women.
The admission system to the 1996 Olympic Games has changed: the total number of athletes is determined by the system of qualifying competitions and for highway races should be no more than 200 men and 60 women; on the track - 186 athletes for men and women, mountain bike - 50 men and 30 women.
The World Track Racing Championships have been held since 1893. The World Highway Championships have been held since 1921 and indoors since 1929.
The first track cycling world championship took place in 1893 in Chicago, USA, and on the highway in 1921 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The cyclocross world championships have been held since 1950. European Championships have been held in indoor racing only since 1930. In the International Cycling Union, the UCI was founded in 1900. As of 1999, it included 167 countries. Until 1992, it included the International Amateur Cycling Federation - FIAK, which was founded in 1965, as well as the International Federation of Professional Cycling - FIKP. Since 1993, the division into amateur and professional federations was recognized as inappropriate, and now a single International Cycling Union has been formed.
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