According to international rules, sizes football field are 100-110 by 64-75 meters. The football field is rectangular in shape. A world-class football stadium is a complex structure that consists of several parts: turf covering the entire area of the football field, a substrate of rubble, sand, pipes that heat the football field, drainage and irrigation pipes. The soccer field has a center circle, penalty area, goalkeeper area and penalty mark. The football field is green by the accepted standards.
The length of the football field is 100-110 m, the width of the pitch is called the goal line (64-75). Behind this strip is the goal markings for the football field. Corner flags are placed in the corners. The size of the football field in meters is important in professional matches... In amateur competitions, compliance with the playing field standards does not have of great importance... Field for football training can be of any size, the main thing is that the side line is longer than the goal line in length. The standard size of the football field is optional, these values are relative.
Requirements for the football field
The standards of the football field, like the rules of the game, have been around since 1863. Since that time, changes to the markup have been rarely made, approved in the first paragraph of the rules. The final layout of the soccer field was formulated by FIFA in June 2013.
In 1863, they established how many meters the football field is. They assumed a length of 100-130 yards, a width of 50-100 yards. Basically the length and width of the football field is 105 * 68 m. The dimensions of the football stadium for holding professional games are defined by a rigid framework. Compliance with the requirements is monitored by international federations. The permissible length of the football field is 100-110 m, the width of the football field is 64-75 m.
The marking of the field was changed in 1901 and 1937, a penalty kick was added and an arc from the point from which penalty kicks (free kicks) are performed with a circumference of 9, 15 m. The markings are made with the same lines with a maximum width of 12 cm. Two long lines indicate the length and width of the field, they are called lateral. The goal lines are set with two short ones, while the length of the first is greater than the second. Also, a middle line is marked on the football field, which unites both side lines. The center of the field is marked on this line. It is encircled in a diameter of 9, 15 m. It is from this place on the site that the game begins at the start, at the beginning of the first half, of all subsequent rounds, if the match time is added. The team that conceded a goal starts the game with it.
The pre-start excitement of the heads of many Russian football clubs is connected with how the team will start, on which field, the season will start. After all, permission to hold home matches at the home stadium is obtained if it is ready. If the coverage and markings meet all the requirements of the federation and the league.
Photo 1. Stadium football club Spartak Otkritie Arena has been operating since 2014.
Football field dimensions
The football stadium has one shape. The sideline is longer than the goal line. The dimensions of the football field do not have clear boundaries, while the width and length do not exceed the permissible threshold. Strict requirements for football pitches are imposed during official competitions.
For domestic matches, the established frames: the length of the field is from 90 to 130 yards, the minimum width is 50 yards, up to 100. If international matches are held, then the dimensions of a standard football field are within the range of 100-110 m in length and 64-75 in width. On this occasion, there are instructions in the rules (150x68 m). At the same time, the requirements for the playing field are not strictly regulated, various deviations in its parameters are possible.
According to the first paragraph of the Football Rules, the size of the field is:
- in length - 90-120 m;
- in width - 45-90 m.
But for international competitions other standards:
- length - 100-110 m;
- width - 64-75 m.
Photo 2. The goal area indicated by the markings is also called the goalkeeper's area.
What does the size of the field affect?
Many teams prefer certain field sizes. The tactics that matter in football are carried out with a specific width and length of the field. Wide areas are suitable for long attacks on the opponent's goal. With a few extra meters, players get additional room for maneuver and for the formation of free zones.
For teams with counter-attacking tactics, it is preferable to play on a narrow field, as this size makes the defense easier. The zones are narrow and it is more difficult for the players of the attacking teams to break through them. The size of the soccer field is also important when using vertical passing tactics. The length allows you to throw the ball into the empty spaces behind the backs of the defense to the goalkeeper's opponent's court from his own goal.
Photo 3. The large size of the football field gives room for maneuvers such as throwing the ball behind the backs of the defense.
Indoor areas
In addition to the length and width that a football stadium has, the dimensions of the field, the inner zones are determined by clear values. The field is mirrored into two parts. The central circle within a radius of 9, 15 meters. The gate is located opposite the goalkeeper's area. The inner sides of the goal posts are located 5, 5 meters from the side lines of the court. At the same distance, the gate is connected to a line that is drawn parallel to the border of the field. This area is in order to orient the goalkeeper, who stands with his back to the goal. It is forbidden to push the goalkeeper.
Special areas of the field
Ten field players are provided with a field for maneuvers. The goalkeeper has a goal area and an area bounded by two rectangular sections. The goal area is considered larger than the penalty area. On these courts, the goalkeeper is allowed to hit, catch or hand the ball. The first zone, from which goal kicks are performed, measuring 7, 32 by 2, 44 m; 18.32 by 5.5 m. The second court, 11 meters from which the penalty area is located, has dimensions - 40, 32 by 16, 5 m.
Special areas include the technical area, located one meter from the bench of each team. The side line of the football field is also drawn one meter from the technical area. This area is required by the team coaches to convey instructions to their players.
|
Standard margin sizes |
Dimensions of the field for holding international matches |
||
|
Length |
minimum 90 m (100 yards), maximum 120 m (130 yards) |
minimum 100 m (110 yards), maximum 110 m (120 yards) |
105 meters away |
|
Width |
minimum 45 m (50 yards), maximum 90 m (100 yards) |
minimum 64 m (70 yards), maximum 75 m (80 yards) |
68 meters away |
|
Square |
4050 m2 - 10800 m2 |
7140 m 2 |
The table with the established sizes of fields for different types football games.
Field coverage options
The main surface of the football field is a natural grass turf. For the mixture, various combinations of bluegrass, bent grass, clover, fescue, ryegrass are used - the choice is determined by the region. These herbs are able to withstand prolonged exposure to judges running on it, players, and the scorching sun, frost. The football pitch is bouncy and traction.
Photo 4. Cleats should not slip on a quality football pitch.
The lawn for the football field is created in two ways: the grass is grown on the territory of the stadium or it is brought in rolls and rolled out on the spot. The lawn should not be natural, the use of artificial material is permissible. The artificial turf for a football field is made of polymers. The coating has a pile that resembles the villi of real grass. Many main or reserve fields, training grounds are equipped with a heating system for protection from the cold or they are equipped with artificial grass.
Types of coatings
A natural football field requires special care, it is watered, fertilized and the gaps are sown. Up to two matches a week are played on the grass. The grass for big sports is not grown on the field, it is brought in rolls in the form of turf.
Artificial turf for a football field resembles a synthetic carpet with blades of grass sticking out of it. A blade of grass is a product made of synthetic fiber, has a shape and stiffening ribs. For the elasticity of the artificial turf, it is covered with sand and rubber crumb.
The artificial covering survives the scorching sun and frost. But the care of the artificial turf is also important, the process is limited to the processing of the lawn with a special machine. The filler is removed, separated and stacked. After a set number of games on the field, the surface is changed to a new one.
The mixed coating is a turf with artificial pile sewn into it. Its cost is great, but a mixed lawn is like playing grass. At the same time, more matches are played on it. Care consists of watering, fertilizing and filling in the gaps. World Championships are held on natural grass turf (or mixed, which is equivalent to it).
Photo 5. The synthetic fiber lawn is delivered in rolls and consists of fine pile
Coating features
There is an allowable space between the fibers of the artificial turf on the football field. It is filled with sand and rubber granules. The structure of the football field softens the friction when a football player falls. Decorative lawns are soft, and the space between the pile is not filled with sand.
There is another type of artificial turf, a cross between a practical and decorative lawn. The space between the pile is filled with quartz sand, but there are no rubber granules. Such a lawn covers a children's football field, sports grounds, but not large football fields.
Photo 6. It is necessary that the surface of the football field softens the friction in the event of a player falling.
Football field markings
A standard football field is drawn around the perimeter of four lines: two side lines and two at the goal. The width of these marks is no more than 12 cm, like the width of the other markings on the field. The field for the game is divided into two parts by a strip - this is the marking of the center of the field. Draw a line in the form of a solid circle with a radius of 9, 15 m.
Into parts sports arena the gate area is marked. The boundary is drawn from points from the inside of the goal post, at an angle of 90 degrees to the goal mark. The length of the border is 5, 5 m. Two more lines are drawn in the depth of the field, connected by a common strip, which is drawn parallel to the gate. Their length is also 5, 5 m.
Penalty area
Half of the field has a penalty area - the place where the goalkeeper is allowed to take, pass and catch the ball with his hands. The markings start from the inside of the goal posts. Two stripes are led into the depth of the field, their length is 16.5 m. At the end (after 16.5 m), these lines are united by another stripe, which is applied parallel to the goal line. At 11 meters from the penalty area, a penalty mark is drawn in the center of the goal. Outside the border of the penalty area, a semicircle with a radius of 9, 15 m is drawn so that its middle coincides with the 11-meter markings. This line simplifies the gameplay when placing players during penalties. According to the rules of the game, the players, in addition to the one who takes the penalty kick, are no closer than 9, 15 m from the 11-meter marking.
All corners of the football field have sectors with a radius of 1 m, from where the corner kick is carried out. Standard gate size 7, 32 m long, 2.44 high.
Gate markings
Photo 7. The standard length of a football goal is 7.32 m, its height is 2.44 m.
The gate is centered according to the markings. They are made up of racks, which are located vertically at the same distance from the flagpoles in the corners. At the top, the gate posts connect horizontal bar... The distance between the posts is 7, 32 m, from the bottom crossbar to the ground - 2, 44 m. The crossbars and both posts have the same width and height, up to 12 cm.
The width of the goal line is the same as the width of the posts, crossbars. Behind the gates, a net is attached to the ground or posts, it is securely located so as not to interfere with the goalkeeper. The color of the goalposts and crossbars is white. The rungs and posts are made of metal, wood or any other material. Elliptical cross section. At a distance of 9, 15 m from the corner sectors at the goal or side lines, the zones from which the players take corner kicks are marked. The gates stand firmly on the surface, portable structures are used if they meet this requirement.
Flagpoles
At the corners of the football field, flags are set on flagpoles with a height of at least 1.5 meters, without sharp edges in their upper part. This is the perfect view of a soccer field. Flagpoles are installed one meter from the intersection of the lateral and midline, but this option is not used.
Additional zones
Indoor football field and other stadiums where there are areas for finding technical personnel, substitutes have technical area markings. The boundaries begin at the field, protrude a meter on either side of the bench area. The boundaries of this zone are marked with special markings.
Football field lighting
The lighting of the football field complies with the established standards. There is a specific lighting scheme applicable to sports stadiums. Linear lighting systems involve the installation of high-power floodlights along the length of the sides of the field above the canopy of the stands. Or the lighting equipment is mounted on special structures.
A solid line of spotlights or separate groups of lighting fixtures provide an environment for the audience. This system takes into account the capacity of football stadiums. The depth of the spotlights' shadows is reduced to eliminate glare. The design of the lighting line for the football field is carried out so that shadows from the canopies of the stands are not formed. Equip a football field with light barriers.
Football fields are illuminated with high-power metal halide floodlights (1000-2000W). LED equipment at such facilities is not installed due to non-compliance with technical requirements for lighting. If there are no athletic zones on the field, then it is preferable to use floodlights with symmetrical and asymmetric distribution of the light flux, 4 or 6 support ones. The height of the supports is placed along the length of the football field 12-25 m. The lighting equipment must have two positions: "competition" and "training" mode.
Photo 8. Special high-power floodlights are used to illuminate football stadiums.
For a field of a standard size, 12-16 floodlights will be required, a smaller number will not work to make the lighting natural and illuminate the entire area of the stadium. It is important to have a backup power supply.
Football field safety requirements
The football field is covered with a grass lawn according to the requirements High Quality conforming to accepted standards for dimensions and construction. A field with a flat surface does not contain elements that lead to injury to players. Regarding the size of the football field, there are values - 105 * 68 m. Minor fluctuations are allowed, taking into account the requirements of the organizer. The layout of the football field is in accordance with the rules of the game. You also need to provide security zones.
Field design requirements
The stadium structure is a multi-layer structure, which consists of irrigation, drainage, heating and lighting systems. The design also includes the installation of football equipment and inventory. The construction stages of a football stadium affect functionality, ergonomics, safety and other important criteria.
The design of the field for playing football provides: evenness, water resistance, stability (including mechanical damage), playing characteristics. It is important that the turf allows the player to interact with the field. The characteristics of the lawn affect the player's movement. It is important to respect the degree of cushioning, vertical deformation, resistance to rotation of the sole and frictional force.
These figures with the design and dimensions are considered features of the football field. Amortization, deformation and resistance are provided by the structure of the foundation of the field of play. The frictional force depends on the quality of the turf. But the quality of the lawn also depends on the base materials, drainage systems, irrigation, and how much water permeates the coating. The safety of the football field depends on meeting the required values.
Photo 9. The construction of the sports arena is carried out in accordance with all the requirements for sports grounds.
Engineering systems of the football field
The characteristics of the football field are determined by the presence of engineering systems for drainage of the upper layer and underground. These systems provide the ability to play matches in the rain and drain water from the field even during heavy rains. Heating systems for the playing field are installed to ensure comfortable play in the cold season.
Photo 10. Game process does not stop even during a rainstorm.
Features of laying grass cover
Professional football stadiums meet the accepted standards for artificial turf. A mixture of quartz sand and rubber granules is poured onto the grassy surface of the football field. The sand is necessarily river quartz, since there are no impurities in it, which means that water will not remain on the surface. The rubber filling gives the coating the desired evenness along the length and height of the pile, and also provides the desired ball bounce.
To increase the wear resistance of artificial grass, a layer of geotextile is placed on the top layer of fine gravel. After that, the lawn is rolled out and glued with tape or glue. The marking lines of the football field are made of white artificial grass. The surface of the field is formed after backfilling with a mixture of quartz sand and crumb rubber. The indoor soccer field is also laid according to technology, with the preparation of the foundation. More often, wood flooring is taken as a basis.
Football field turf care
Caring for a natural lawn involves performing a number of jobs. The turf requires regular watering. It is preferable to equip automatic irrigation, which will start as the soil dries up. The irrigation system will simplify the process of soil fertilization. The lawn is watered a few days before the game in the evening, when the evaporation is low.
Mowing the lawn is done with a lawn mower with sharp blades. For cutting the grass cover, a special technology is provided, they do: across, along. The main requirement is not to mow the lawn for a short time, after a while the coverage will become thin and lose its aesthetic properties.
Photo 11. Natural lawn mowing should be done regularly.
Raking is considered an important part of care, it is carried out to clean the cover and create a bed for sowing grass.
The grassy lawn of the football field is cared for systematically. The turf is reshaped throughout the year. Overseeding the grass is performed when the density is 50%. Overdoughing is a measure if there are heavily trampled and destroyed zones on the field.
The main surface of football fields is a natural grass mixture. Various combinations of clover, bluegrass, fescue, bent grass and ryegrass are used to create it, able to withstand prolonged exposure to running players, judges and weather.
Artificial turf care
The artificial turf of the football field is combed to level and raise the pile. A uniform distribution of the filler is carried out, controlling the height of the pile. Football lawns are combed at least once every two weeks, sports flooring every week.
Photo 12. Caring for synthetic fiber pile - combing and leveling.
Pour the filler into areas where it is absent or contained in insufficient quantities. If there is not enough bedding, then this will cause bending of the villi and the impossibility of combing them. The presence of weeds on the football surface is unacceptable; they must be removed to prevent overgrowth. It is allowed to treat the field with herbicides when the next few days are dry and sunny.
There are no third-party objects on the territory of the football field, especially bulky and heavy ones. Before moving on artificial turf with any shoe, you should check it for dirt and stones. Contaminated shoes are cleaned.
It is forbidden to move on the artificial turf on any vehicles... Special equipment for cleaning the lawn or adding filler is an exception. In the autumn, the football floor is inspected so that it does not get clogged with foliage, it is cleaned on time. Foliage changes the properties of the artificial pile and spoils a significant part of the lawn.
Overfilling or complete replacement of the filler is performed every 1-2 years to prevent caking of sand and crumbs. Also, this procedure will get rid of the likely germination of moss and weeds.
The cold Russian climate does not allow playing football, in early spring and in late autumn, in stadiums with natural turf. Many main or reserve training football fields in our country are made either with a heating system from drain pipes laid under the field, or with artificial "grass".
Requirements for lighting and field fencing
Lighting equipment (floodlights and lanterns) meets international standards, is firmly fixed so as not to blind players and spectators. Football field fencing has several functions: zoning and security. Dividing the stadium into zones allows you to restrict the entrance to some of them, thus excluding possible incidents at the stadium. The height of the fence is at least 4 meters along the main perimeter and 6 meters behind the gate. When calculating the lighting equipment, the length of the football stadium is taken into account. The main requirement is to ensure a comfortable game at any time of the day.
Photo 13. The dimensions of the fence must comply with the established standards: at least 4 meters in height (at the gate - 6 meters).
Special sectors of the football field
The football field map includes a special area where the technicians, coach and substitutes are located during the game. This is the technical area of the football stadium, which is planned during the construction of the playing field. Spectators watch the game in the stands, which are divided into sectors. To ensure the comfort and safety of the movement of people on football stadium each sector has a separate exit.
Ideally, on the playground, there are additional areas behind the goal for players to warm up. These zones also allow for the movement of referees during the game, staff who serve balls, medical personnel, security services and the media. The dimensions of such zones are at least 8.5 m on the sides of the football field, at least 10 m from the goal lines.
Photo 14. Beijing National Stadium is one of the largest in the world (91 thousand people).
Summary
A soccer field is a complex structure, not a turf. The properties and characteristics of the field are determined by factors such as an efficient irrigation, drainage and heating system. When developing a stadium project, the following criteria are taken into account: climate, rainfall, proximity to the location of groundwater. It is also important to take into account the frequency of the games on the field.
The standard dimensions of a football field are determined by the first paragraph of the Football Rules. The size has no clear restrictions, but at the same time the width and length correspond to the accepted norms. The shape of the football field is necessarily rectangular. The sideline is longer than the goal line. The surface of the playing field is flat and smooth.
Photo 15. A high-quality football field consists of many elements - high-quality surface, accurate markings, convenient placement of the stands and safety
From possible options There are three types of football fields: natural, artificial and mixed. A natural lawn consists of a soil part, grass. Or finished turf, which is brought into the field in rolls and rolled out on site. Artificial turf includes synthetic grass and filler. The poured mixture is a combination in certain proportions of river (quartz) sand and rubber crumb. Mixed soccer turf involves combining natural grass and artificial pile. The base turf is stitched with synthetic fibers to increase resistance to mechanical damage. Also, due to the plexus of the root system of the grass with an artificial substrate, an increase in resistance to erosion is achieved.
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Type of sports turf |
What is |
Characteristic |
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Natural |
Soil with seeded grass and turf |
Whimsical to climatic conditions, requires high-quality care, not cheap |
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Artificial |
Backfill with artificial grass |
Long shelf life, easy maintenance, resistance to various climatic conditions |
|
Combined |
Natural lawn stitched with synthetic thread |
Maximum imitation of a natural lawn while maintaining the advantages of a synthetic analogue |
comparison table different types lawn.
The option of covering a football field has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. The characteristics of natural lawns have remained unchanged for many years. Artificial turf for recent times, with the support of FIFA and UEFA, have undergone significant updates. The improvement and improvement of artificial turf has led to the fact that sports clubs are more likely to choose this option. Due to the difficulty in providing regular maintenance of natural turf. Artificial cost football turf does not reduce its competitiveness in comparison with natural coating.
Video: Marking a football field
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Nowadays, the football field is not only a place where matches between teams take place directly. This is a very complex engineering project that strictly complies with the established standards for the placement, size and arrangement of various support systems.
The first requirements for the standards of the field for playing football appeared in 1863 in a single set of rules, which were established by the Football Association of England, founded on October 26 of the same year. It was the very first football association in the world. It was she who made a special contribution to the formation of modern football rules and standards that stadiums must meet to host official matches national and international level.
Currently, the requirements for football arenas, are spelled out in the FIFA Laws of the Game. According to these rules, a soccer field is a rectangular area where the goal lines must be shorter than the side lines. The field for the game has the shape of a rectangle. The side line must be longer than the goal line.
Field dimensions: Length: minimum 90 m (100 yards), maximum 120 m (130 yards) Width: minimum 45 m (50 yards), maximum 90 m (100 yards) Area - 4050 m2 to 10800 m2 (Average - 7425 m2 ) Field dimensions for international matches: Length: minimum 100 m (110 yards), maximum 110 m (120 yards) Width: minimum 64 m (70 yards), maximum 75 m (80 yards) FIFA recommended dimensions: Length 105 meters Width 68 meters Area 7140 m2
Field markup
The marking of the field is carried out using lines, the width of which is the same and cannot exceed 12 centimeters. The lines must fit into the area they delineate. The middle line connects the two side lines, thereby dividing the field into two halves of equal size. In the middle of this line there is a mark in the form of a solid circle measuring 30 cm, which is the center of the field. A circle with a radius of 915 centimeters is drawn around this mark. A goalkeeper's area is located on each half of the field. The marking is carried out at a distance of 5.50 meters from outside goal posts. Two stripes 5.5 meters long are drawn perpendicular to the goal line, directed into the depth of the field. Their endpoints are connected by a line parallel to the goal line. A goal kick is taken from within this zone. In the penalty area, the goalkeeper may play with his hands. The markings are carried out at a distance of 16.5 meters from the goal post. Two strips 16.5 meters long are drawn perpendicular to the goal line, directed into the depth of the field. Their endpoints are connected by a line parallel to the goal line. In the center of the penalty area at a distance of 11 meters from the goal line, a mark is made in the form of a solid circle with a diameter of 30 cm. Penalties are made from this point. An arc with a radius of 915 cm is drawn behind the penalty area, and the 11-meter mark is the center of this circle. The players must be behind this arc when the penalty kick is taken. At the four corners of the field, a mark is made in the form of an arc with a radius of 1 meter to determine the area of the corner kick. The field coverage can be synthetic or natural (grass), but always green.
The football field consists of several layers: drainage and heating pipes, crushed stone and sand substrates, grass turf. The grassy lawn needs constant watering, fertilizing and planting bald patches. Very often the grass is not grown directly at the stadiums, but is brought in the form of rolls.
Center of the field.
The field is divided into two halves by a center line connecting the midpoints of the side lines. The center of the field is marked in the middle of the center line - a solid circle 0.3 m (1 ft) in diameter. A circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards) is drawn around the center of the field. From the mark of the center of the field at the beginning of each half of the main and extra time, as well as after each goal scored, the kick-off is performed. When playing the kick-off, all players must be in their own half of the field, and the opponents of the kick-off team must be outside the center circle.
Gate area.
On each half of the field, the goal area is marked - the area from which the goal kick is taken. From points 5.5 m (6 yards) from the inside of each goalpost, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn into the field. At 5.5 m (6 yards), these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. Thus, the dimensions of the goal area are 18.32 m (20 yards) by 5.5 m (6 yards).
Penalty area.
A penalty area is marked on each half of the field - an area in which the goalkeeper can play with his hands, and an 11-meter kick will be awarded to the goal of the team that committed a violation in their penalty area, punishable by a free kick. From points 16.5 m (18 yards) from the inside of each goalpost, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn into the field. At a distance of 16.5 m (18 yards), these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. The penalty area is thus 40.32 m (44 yards) by 16.5 m (18 yards). Within the penalty area, in the center of the goal line and at a distance of 11 m (12 yards) from it, an eleven-meter mark is drawn - a solid circle with a diameter of 0.3 m (1 ft). Outside the penalty area, an arc of a circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards) is drawn, the center of which is at the eleven-meter mark. This arc is used to position the players of the teams when the penalty kick is taken.
Corner sectors.
In each of the four corners of the field, an arc is drawn with a radius of 1 m (or 1 yard) centered in the corner of the field, limiting the sector for the execution of corner kicks. At a distance of 9.15 m (10 yards) from the boundaries of the corner sectors at the side lines and the goal lines, marks may be made (on the outside of the lines adjacent to them at right angles) used to determine the distance at which the players are when taking the corner. ... Flagpole In the corners of the field, flags must be installed on flagpoles that are at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) high and have no sharp edges. Also, flagpoles can be installed at a distance of at least one meter from the intersection of the middle and side lines (in modern football they are used extremely rarely).
Gates measuring 7.32 × 2.44 m must be located in the center of each of the goal lines (equidistant from the corner flagpoles) and securely fixed to the ground; the use of portable gates is permissible only if they comply with this requirement. The width of the goal line is equal to the width of the posts and the crossbar. Nets may be attached to the goal and the ground behind the goal, which must be securely fixed and positioned so as not to interfere with the goalkeeper. The goal posts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal or other material permitted by the relevant standard, have a rectangle, ellipse, square or circle cross-section and be white. When matches are held in stadiums where there are specially designated places for the accommodation of technical personnel and substitutes, a technical area is designated in the immediate vicinity of the field, the boundaries of which protrude 1 meter on both sides of the area allocated for the bench and forward to a distance of 1 meter from the sideline. It is recommended to use markings to delineate the boundaries of this area.
Football rules(English Laws of the Game; literally: "rules of the game") - regulations that determine the order of the game of football, according to which competitions are held.
The first football game played under these rules was played by members of the University of Cambridge in 1848 at Parkers Peace, Cambridge. On October 26, 1863, the Football Association officially approved these rules.
The current version of the rules was developed by the International Council of Football Associations and published The International Federation football (FIFA).
The rules of the game of football regulate such issues as the number of players, the duration of the match, the size of the field, the requirements for soccer ball, types of rule violations and others.
The last edition of the rules (dated June 1, 2013) consists of 17 points.
Rule 1: Field of play
Rule 2: Ball
Rule 3: Number of Players
Rule 4: Players' Equipment
Rule 5: Judge
Rule 6: Assistant Referees
Rule 7: Duration of the game
Rule 8: Start and Restart of Play
Rule 9: Ball in play and not in play
Rule 10: Definition of a Goal
Rule 11: Offside Position
Rule 12: Fouls and Misconduct by Players
Rule 13: Penalty and Free Kicks
Rule 14: Shot 11 Meter
Rule 15: Throw in the Ball
Rule 16: Goal Kicks
Rule 17: Corner Kick
Photo: Handwritten original of the Laws of the Game, handwritten by Ebenezer Cobb Morley in 1863 and now in the National Football Museum, Manchester.
Rule # 1: Field of play
Play on grass or artificial turf. The properties of artificial turf every year (with every “generation”) are more and more close to the properties of natural grass.
Field length: minimum 90 m (100 yards), maximum 120 m (130 yards).
Field width: minimum 45 m (50 yards), maximum 90 m (100 yards).
For international matches, the field must be 100-110 meters (110-120 yards) long and 64-75 meters (70-80 yards) wide.
The marking of the field is made in lines no more than 12 cm (5 inches) wide; the width of the line is included in the area that it limits. The lines along the long sides of the field are called sidelines; lines along the short sides - goal lines.
The field is divided into two halves by a center line. In the middle of the center line, a mark is made for the center of the field, around which a circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards) is drawn. The ball is placed at the center of the field at the beginning of the halves and after each goal scored (with the exception of penalty shootouts). When the ball is put into play from the center of the field, two players from the team in possession of the ball may be inside the circle, and none from the opposing team.
Goal area
A goal area is marked on each half of the field. From points 5.5 m (6 yards) from the inside of each goalpost, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn into the field. At 5.5 m (6 yards), these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. The goalkeeper may not be pushed within his goal area. In football, goal area is often referred to as the goalkeeper's area, however, officially in football this term is not used anywhere, while in other sports, such as floorball, the terms “goal area” and “goalkeeper's area” mean different things.
Penalty area
A penalty area is marked on each half of the field - an area in which the goalkeeper can play with his hands, and a team that commits a violation in its own penalty area, which is punished with a free kick in the other part of the field, is punished with a penalty.
From points 16.5 m (18 yards) from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn into the field. At a distance of 16.5 m (18 yards), these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. Within the penalty area, in the center of the goal line and at a distance of 11 m (12 yards) from it, an 11-meter mark is applied.
Outside the penalty area, an arc of the penalty area is drawn with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards), the center of which coincides with the 11-meter mark. This line helps the referee to correctly position the players during the penalty shootout (all players, except the one who kicks, must be at a distance of at least 9.15 m from the 11-meter mark).
Checkboxes
In the corners of the field, flags are set, on flagpoles with a height of at least 1.5 meters, which do not have sharp edges. In the same place, a quarter of a circle is marked, with a radius of 1 meter - the corner sector in which the ball should be located when serving a corner. Flags can be installed at both ends of the centerline, at least 1 meter apart.
Gates
By football rules a goal line must be placed in the center of each goal line. They consist of two vertical posts connected by a horizontal bar, equidistant from the corner flags. It is forbidden to use a rope instead of a crossbar.
The distance between the posts is 7.32 m (8 yards) and the distance from the bottom of the rung to the ground is 2.44 m (8 ft).
The width and height of the cross-section of both posts and crossbar must be the same and not exceed 12 cm (5 inches). The width of the goal line is equal to the width of the posts and the crossbar. A net must be attached to the goal and the ground behind the goal, which must be securely fixed and positioned so as not to interfere with the goalkeeper.
The goalposts and crossbars must be white.
The gate must be securely fixed to the ground. The use of portable gates is permissible only if they comply with this requirement.
Additional zones
Technical area - a marked place outside the field, in the immediate vicinity of it, in which the coaches and substitutes of the team must be located during the match.
Rule # 2: Ball
Quality and parameters:
- has a spherical shape;
- made of leather or other material suitable for these purposes;
- has a circumference not exceeding 70 cm (28 inches) and not less than 68 cm (27 inches). Standard ball size 5 (English Size 5);
- at the start of the match, weighs no more than 450 g (16 ounces) and not less than 410 g (14 ounces). Weight is indicated for dry ball;
- has a pressure of 0.6-1.1 atmospheres (600-1100 g / cm2) at sea level (8.5 psi to 15.6 psi);
Replacing a damaged ball
If the ball bursts or is damaged during the game, the game is stopped. It is resumed with a spare ball from a dropped ball in the place where it became unusable. If the ball bursts or is damaged while it was not in play - kick-off, goal kick, corner kick, free kick, free kick, penalty kick or throw-in, play is restarted with a spare ball as usual. The ball may only be changed during play at the direction of the referee.
Design
Majority modern balls Consists of 32 pieces of waterproof leather or plastic. 12 of them are pentagons, 20 are hexagons. The design of these 32 polygons is called the truncated icosahedron, only the ball is more spherical due to the air pressure pumped in. The first such ball was produced in Denmark in 1950 by Select and became widespread in Europe. It began to be used worldwide after the 1970 World Cup, which featured such balls produced by Adidas. Before that, a ball was used, consisting of 18 elongated parts and lacing, similar in structure to modern volleyballs... This design is still quite widespread.
Colors
The old balls were monochrome, brown, then white. Subsequently, for the convenience of broadcasts on black and white TVs, a ball with black pentagons / white hexagons appeared. This color has become the standard for balls and symbolism in general. There are other balls, such as Nike's Total 90 Aerow, which have rings to make it easier for the goalkeeper to determine the ball's rotation. In matches taking place on a snow-covered field or during a snowfall, balls of bright colors, mainly orange, are used.
By FIFA's decision, any emblems or advertisements on balls are prohibited at official games, except for the following:
- competition or competition organizer;
- the company - the manufacturer of the ball;
- ball admission marks.
Rule # 3: Number of Players
Soccer game is played by two teams, each of which consists of no more than 11 players, one of whom is a goalkeeper. The minimum number of players is set by the competition rules, usually 7 players.
Maximum number of substitutions:
- In matches played by FIFA or national confederations, maximum amount there are three substitutions. The number of substitutes is determined by the rules of the competition and ranges from 3 to 7.
- In national league matches, the maximum number of substitutions can be increased to six.
- In other matches, by agreement, more substitutions can be applied. In this case, the match referee must be notified of this agreement. If the referee is not warned, or it is not possible to agree, then the maximum number of substitutions is three. In any case, the names of the substitutes must be determined before the start of the match and the list will be submitted to the referee. A player is not allowed to enter the field unless he is recorded as a substitute.
Replacement procedure
The referee must be warned about the substitution. Substitution is allowed only at the center line of the field and only during a stoppage of play.
The person to be replaced leaves the field. The substitute player enters the field at the signal of the referee. From that moment on, he is considered a player, and the replaced one ceases to be him. The substituted player is prohibited from entering the field again. All players, including substitutes, must obey the referee.
Goalkeeper replacement
According to the rules of football, any player can switch places with the goalkeeper. To do this, you just need to warn the judge. Change of goalkeeper is allowed only during stoppage of the game.
Violations
If a substitute enters the field without permission, the game stops, the substitute is penalized with a yellow card and is sent off. The game continues with a dropped ball from where the ball was at the time of the substitution. In case of an unauthorized change of the goalkeeper, the game continues. The next time the ball is out of play, both players are penalized with a yellow card. For any violation of this rule, the player concerned will be cautioned and shown a yellow card.
Continuation of the game
If the match is stopped by the referee for a violation, play continues with an indirect free kick of the non-offending team from where the ball was at the time of the violation. Deleted players of the main squad and substitutes. If a player has been sent off before the kick-off, he can only be substituted with one of the declared substitutes. Substitutions in the match sheet are prohibited, neither before the kick-off, nor after it.
Trainer orders
By decision of 2 IFAB, the coach can give tactical instructions to the players at any time (of course, without going on the field). After that, he must return to his place. If a technical area is marked in the stadium, the coach must not leave it. The coach must behave in a manner that is decency.
Rule # 4: Players' Equipment
Required items of equipment:
- Shirt or T-shirt, always with sleeves. For outfield players a single color scheme.
- Underpants. If underpants are used, they should be the same color as the underpants.
- Shin guards must be completely covered with gaiters. They must be made of suitable material (plastic, rubber) and must provide an adequate degree of protection.
Goalkeeper equipment
According to football rules, the goalkeeper's uniform must be different from that of the field players and referees.
Additional equipment
Additional equipment is allowed, provided that it is safe for the player himself and for others: bandages, elbow pads, knee pads. Gloves are always worn by goalkeepers (although there are no rules that prohibit field players from doing this). It is allowed to wear glasses for correcting vision and protection from the sun or floodlights (provided that they do not fall and do not injure anyone).
Prohibited equipment
Players may not wear any equipment that could be dangerous to him or to other players (including jewelry). Jewelry and watches are definitely prohibited. Applying adhesive tape to jewelry is considered insufficient safety precaution. Leather and rubber belts and bands are also prohibited. It is forbidden to display slogans or advertisements hidden under the T-shirt. For this, the player is fined by the organizer of the competition.
Penalties for violations
It is not necessary to stop the game. As soon as the ball is out of play, the player leaves the field of play and fixes his equipment. As soon as the ball is out of play again, the referee checks the equipment and allows (or refuses) to enter the field. If a player enters the field without the referee's permission, he is shown yellow card... After a warning has been issued, play is restarted with an indirect free kick to the opposing team.
Reserve players
It is the responsibility of the reserve referee to verify that the substitute players are properly equipped. Substitutes not participating in the match must wear a training uniform that is different from the players on the field.
Judges
The head referee, his assistants and the reserve referee wear equipment that distinguishes them in color from the players of both teams. Usually black or yellow are used. The head judge's jersey has a pocket for a notepad and cards.
Rule # 5: Referee
The football referee is obliged to:
- monitor compliance with the rules of the game;
- control the progress of the match, keep track of the time of the game;
- ensure that the balls used meet the requirements of Law 2;
- ensure that the players' equipment meets the requirements of Rule 4;
- in the event of bleeding, the player must ensure that he leaves the field. A player can return to the field of play only upon a signal from the referee, who is convinced that the bleeding has stopped;
- ensure that there are no unauthorized persons on the field;
- provide the relevant authorities with a match report, including information on all disciplinary measures taken against players and / or team officials, as well as on all other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match.
The judge has the right:
- to consult during the match with assistants and, where necessary, with a reserve referee;
- stop, temporarily interrupt or stop completely the match in case of violation of the rules;
- stop, temporarily interrupt or stop completely the match in case of outside interference;
- stop the match if, in his opinion, the player has received a serious injury, and ensure his leaving / taking out of the field;
- continue the game when the team against which the violation was committed benefits from such an advantage (for example, remains with the ball), and penalizes the original violation if the alleged advantage was not taken advantage of at that moment;
- to take disciplinary measures in relation to players guilty of violations punishable by a warning or sending off. He is not obliged to take such action immediately, but must do so as soon as the ball is out of play;
- take action against team officials who behave incorrectly, and may, at its discretion, remove them from the field and areas adjacent to the field.
The referee's decisions are final and are not revised during the game. He himself can change his mind if he has not yet resumed the game. To file complaints against the actions of the judges, there are competition regulations and special committees that consider these issues.
Rule No. 6: Assistant Referees
Assistant referees (line judges) assist the main referee (referee) to judge the match. Their powers are described in rule 6 of the football rules. The line judges' uniforms are similar to those of the referee. The line judge holds the flag in his hand, with which he signals. Two assistant referees are appointed for each match and are usually located on the sidelines of the field. Typical duties of a line judge:
- To fix the exit of the ball out of bounds of the field. Assign a throw-in, goal kick, corner kick.
- To fix the offside position.
- Fix violations of the rules outside the field of vision of the main referee.
- When taking a penalty kick, determine if the goalkeeper started to move forward before the kick.
- Assist the referee with substitutions (see Rule 3: Number of Players).
Full list the duties of each of the line judges are determined by the head judge. Usually the line judges do not enter the field. However, in exceptional situations (for example, when a penalty kick is taken), they can do this.
Rule # 7: Length of Play
A soccer match consists of two equal halves of 45 minutes with a 15-minute break between them. After the break, the teams change goals. By agreement, the duration of the half can be changed. However, an agreement must be reached before the start of the match, and this agreement must not contradict the rules of the competition.
The break between halves does not exceed 15 minutes and is indicated in the competition regulations. At the end of each half, the head referee adds to the half time the time left for substitutions, medical intervention, deliberate prolongation of the game, etc. The declared duration of overtime is reported by the reserve referee and is an integer number of minutes.
There are no strict rules for calculating the duration: the referee appoints it "by eye" and can, at his discretion, extend the game - for example, in case of delays during the added time. Extra time is allocated for the penalty kick awarded at the end of the half. Unplayed matches are replayed. Competition rules may require extra time to resolve draws. If this is a friendly match, then there is no extra time.
Main time
This unofficial term is not clearly defined and usually means all the elapsed time of the game until the last segment of "added" time at the current moment - whether it is extra time of a half or time added to resolve a draw. Does not include overtime, it is used most often by bookmakers.
Rule No. 8: Start and Restart of Play
Before the start of the match, a toss will take place (for example, a coin toss). The team that wins the toss decides which goal it will play in the first half, the second kicks off. In the next half, the teams change goals, and the team that chose the goal takes the kick-off.
The kick-off is performed:
- at the beginning of any half, main or additional;
- after a goal has been scored by the team at whose goal the goal was scored.
Teams take places in their own half, each, while the non-striking team is outside the center circle. The ball lies motionless in the center of the field. At the signal from the referee, the player kicks the ball forward and the game begins. In this case, the striker cannot touch the ball until another player touches it. For a second touch, opponents are awarded a free kick. For other violations, the kick-off is replayed.
Contested ball
When a stop is not provided for by the rules (a burst ball, a fan on the field, etc.), a held ball is played. To do this, the referee throws in the ball in the place where it was at the time of the stop. Play restarts when the ball hits the ground. If someone hits the ball before the ball has fallen, the held ball is replayed. It is also replayed when the ball goes out of bounds, but not a single player touches it.
If the stoppage occurs on the goalkeeper's court, a held ball is played on the front line of the court, at the point nearest to where it was stopped.
The ball in the goalkeeper's court
Rule 8 also describes two situations not involving kick-off and dropped ball. A free kick or free kick played from his own goalkeeper's court may be played from any point on it. An indirect free kick played from the opponent's goalkeeper's court is played from its front line, from the point closest to the place of infringement.
Rule 9: Ball in play and not in play
Under rule 9 of the rules of football, a ball is out of play if it is completely out of bounds or if play is stopped by the referee. If the ball bounces off the goal, corner flag, referee or assistant referee and remains on the field of play, it is considered to be in play.
- The ball is put into play:
- the initial blow;
- goal kick;
- throw-in;
- corner kick;
- free kick or free kick (in all these cases, the ball comes into play immediately after the kick);
- by throwing a dropped ball (the ball comes into play as soon as it falls to the ground).
Rule 10: Definition of a Goal
A goal is a situation when the ball completely crosses the goal line, located between the posts and under the crossbar, and the team that scored the goal did not violate the rules. This situation is also referred to as “the ball is scored into the goal”. A goal is not scored if:
- Before the ball crossed the goal line, the referee's whistle was blown to suspend the match.
- The ball was directed into the goal by the attacking side with the first touch on an opening kick or free kick.
- The ball was directed into the goal directly by throwing in out (by throwing in the ball with his hands after he left the sideline). In cases 2 and 3, a free kick is awarded from the goal into which the ball flew.
- If the ball went into the own goal with the first touch on an opening kick, free kick, free kick, corner kick, penalty kick, or directly throwing out. (in this case, a corner kick is awarded at the goal of the team into whose goal the ball flew).
When determining ball touches, touches of referees, goal posts and corner flags are not counted. According to the rules of football, the team that scores the most goals wins. If the number of goals is equal, the match is considered a draw.
In competitions that are held in a round robin system, a draw is recorded and the match ends. But in competitions held according to the Olympic system, draws are unacceptable, since one of the teams must be eliminated. To resolve draws in turn, the following rules apply:
- If there are two matches - first at the stadium of one team, then at the stadium of its rival - then a goal scored in a foreign field has more weight... For example, if a team won at home with a score of 1: 0 and lost away with a score of 1: 2, then it is considered the winner, since it has scored one goal in a foreign field (while its opponent has none).
- Extra time. Under current football rules, there are two 15-minute halves. The break between the main and additional time is 5 minutes, there is no break between the halves. If the score is equal at the end of overtime, penalties are taken. The old rules can be found in the articles Golden Goal, Silver Goal.
- After the match penalties. The teams shoot a streak of five penalties. The team that scores the most goals in the entire series wins. If the winner is determined before the end of the series (for example, after four penalties the score is 3: 1), the series ends. If there is still a tie, the teams take one penalty each until the winner is determined.
Rule 11: Offside Position
An offside position is awarded when a player of the attacking team, at the moment of a kick or pass by another player of his team, is closer to the opponent's goal line than the penultimate player of the defending team (including the goalkeeper) and closer to the ball.
Under the 2003 rules, the referee decides whether there was an offside or not. There are three "criteria for active play" for this:
- The footballer interferes with the game (receives the ball).
- The footballer interferes with the opponent's play (obstructs the field of view, interferes with intercepting the ball).
- A footballer gains an advantage due to his position (when the ball bounces off the goal or the opponent).
There is no offside position in such cases:
- a player in his own half of the field;
- the player is on a par with the penultimate player;
- during a goal kick, throw-in, corner kick;
- if the player of the defending side is behind the end-line of his goal, since in this case he is not considered to be out of the game.
When an offside position occurs, the defending team is awarded an indirect free kick from where the violation occurred. According to the latest FIFA directives, the referee is ordered to interpret controversial moments always in favor of the defending side.
Artificial offside position
The defending team, in order to disrupt the opponent's attack, takes the defenders forward. Then the opponent's attacker is in an offside position. The 2003 rules were introduced in order to encourage attacking football and reduce the number of such situations. Unfortunately, this decision has so far brought few results and, as before, artificial offside is used by defenders quite often. This tactical scheme was first introduced by the creator of the Total Football concept, Rinus Michels, in the mid-1960s.
Rule 12: Fouls and Misconduct by Players
- hitting or attempting to kick an opponent;
- a trip or an attempt to trip an opponent;
- jump on an opponent;
- attack of the opponent;
- hitting or attempting to hit an opponent with a hand;
- push of the opponent;
2) Unsportsmanlike behavior and errors in the game:
- delaying an opponent (grabbing a jersey, etc.);
- spitting at an opponent;
- when taking the ball away from an opponent, touched it earlier than the ball;
- deliberate handball (except for the goalkeeper in his own penalty area);
Punished with an indirect free kick:
1) Goalkeeper errors:
- controlling the ball with your hands for more than six seconds before releasing it;
- touching the ball with the hands after the ball has been kicked in and the ball has not touched any other player;
- touching the ball with his hands after a team-mate deliberately gave him a pass (except for a pass with his head or "discount" of the ball with his chest);
2) Player errors:
- a dangerous game (which could lead to injury to an opponent);
- interference with the goalkeeper;
- the commission of any other violation, not mentioned in Law 12 above, for which the game is stopped in order to warn the player or send him off the field of play.
Punished with a warning.
A player is cautioned with a yellow card for any of the following seven offenses:
- Unsportsmanlike behavior;
- Demonstration of disagreement (by word or gesture) with the judge's decision;
- Systematic violation of the Rules of the Game;
- Delaying the resumption of the game;
- Failure to comply with the required distance when restarting the game with corner kicks, free kicks or free kicks;
- Leaving or returning to the field without the permission of the referee;
- Unauthorized leaving the field without the permission of the judge;
Punished by removal.
A player is sent off with a red card showing if he commits any of the following seven offenses:
- Serious violation of the rules of the game;
- Aggressive behavior;
- Spitting at an opponent or any other person;
- Deliberate handball that prevents an opponent from scoring a goal or deprives him of an obvious goal-scoring opportunity (this does not apply to the goalkeeper within his penalty area) (“last resort foul”);
- Depriving an opponent advancing towards the goal of a clear opportunity to score a goal by means of a violation (“foul of the last resort”), punishable by a free kick, free kick or penalty kick;
- Offensive, insulting or obscene language and / or gestures;
- Second warning in the same match.
The expelled player must leave the field and the adjacent space, including the technical area.
Rule 13: Penalty and Free Kicks
Standard position.
Set-off is a football term that describes the situation where the ball is returned to play by the attacking team after play has been stopped. Most often this term refers to corner kicks and free kicks, but sometimes also to strikeouts.
After the ball is played from such positions, a significant part of the goals is scored. Thus, defending from set positions is a very important skill for defenders, and attackers devote a lot of time to practice hitting from set positions.
The set pieces are elements of the game that can be played prior to the match. Some players (such as David Beckham) specialize in hitting from set positions.
Free kick
Direct free kick - the official Russian term for direct free kick (rarely used) - in football, a specially assigned kick on goal in case of violation of the rules. A free kick is awarded if a player, while the ball was in play, commits one of the following violations of the rules:
- kick or attempts to kick an opponent;
- tripping or attempts to trip an opponent;
- jumping on an opponent;
- attack on an opponent;
- blows or attempts to hit the opponent;
- jerks of the opponent;
- when tackling the ball from an opponent, the player takes possession of the ball, making contact with the opponent before touching the ball;
- delays of the opponent;
- spitting at an opponent;
- deliberate hand play (including the goalkeeper outside his penalty area).
Free kick is performed by any player of the team opposite to the one whose player violated the rules, from the place of the violation. If the violation of the rules is committed by a player within the penalty area of his team, a penalty is awarded instead of a free kick.
If a goal is scored directly from a free kick, it counts (hence the official name - direct free kick). For other violations not listed above, a free kick is awarded (the official name is an indirect free kick), from which a direct kick cannot score a goal.
In certain cases of gross violations, the player may be given an additional personal punishment - a warning or sending off.
When taking a free kick, players on the defending team must not be within 9 meters of the ball (10 yards in the original English rules). Since the free kick awarded near the goal poses a serious danger, often the defending players set up a so-called “wall” at the distance allowed by the rules to prevent a goal from being scored with a direct kick.
Free kick
Indirect free kick (English indirect free kick) - the official Russian term indirect free kick (used less often) - in football, a specially assigned kick on goal in case of violation of the rules. An indirect free kick is awarded if a player, while the ball was in play, commits one of the following violations of the rules:
- a dangerous game;
- blocking the opponent's advance;
- hindering the goalkeeper from putting the ball into play from his hands;
- any other violation for which a free kick or penalty cannot be awarded.
In addition, a free kick is awarded for one of the following offenses against the goalkeeper's hand rules in his own penalty area:
- the goalkeeper takes more than four steps with the ball in his hands before putting it into play; (The rule is canceled. In modern football, a free player is appointed if the goalkeeper holds the ball in his hands for more than 6 seconds. The number of steps is not limited.);
- the goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands again after putting it into play and the ball has not been touched by any other player;
- the goalkeeper touches the ball with his own hands after a player of his team has deliberately passed him a pass;
- the goalkeeper touches the ball with his own hands after a player of his team has put the ball into play directly with a throw-in from behind;
- wastes time (from the point of view of the referee).
An indirect free kick is taken by any player on the opposite team from the place of the violation. Unlike a free kick, a free kick can be taken from outside the penalty area.
If a goal is scored directly from a free kick, it will not count (hence the official name - indirect free kick). However, a goal will be awarded if the ball touches any of the players on the way (there was a ricochet).
When executing a free kick, players of the defending team must not be within 9 meters of the ball (10 yards in the original English rules). However, if the free kick is taken from within the penalty area (less than 9 meters from the goal), then the players of the defending team are allowed to place a “wall” on the goal line. The referee signals that a free kick is being taken, and not a free kick, by raising one hand vertically upwards until the kick is executed.
Rule 14: Shot 11 Meter
Penalty (English penalty kick, free kick) - in football, a specially assigned kick on goal, protected only by the goalkeeper, from a mark of 10.97 meters (in the original British rules - 12 yards) from the goal line.
Official Russian term for penalty kick, unlike other Russians football terms that appeared in the 1940s did not take root.
A penalty kick is awarded when a player of the defending team commits a foul within his own penalty area that must be charged with a direct free kick and the ball was in play. If the game time expires, then the time for the penalty kick must be added. The referee, assigning a penalty, makes a characteristic gesture, pointing to the 11-meter mark. A goal scored from the penalty spot counts towards the total score of the match.
Procedure
The ball is placed at the 11-meter mark. The player taking the penalty kick is determined. Both the referee and the goalkeeper of the defending team must know who will kick. The goalkeeper is positioned on the goal line between the posts, facing the batter. The rest of the players are outside the penalty area, at least 9.15 m from the 11-meter mark. For a clearer definition of this distance, there is an arc of the penalty area on the field.
A penalty kick is only taken on a signal from the referee, who makes sure that both participating players are ready to kick, and that the procedure is correct.
When the referee blows the whistle, the player kicks the ball forward. The breaker can touch the ball a second time only when the ball touches another player (including the goalkeeper). Once the ball is hit and starts moving forward, it is considered to be in play. A goal from a penalty kick is scored on the same grounds as any goal.
Any member of the attacking team who is on the field can be assigned as the penalty kicker. Usually, the team has a full-time penalty taker who knows how to punch 11-meter shots better than anyone else. Sometimes there are several players who take penalty kicks well, and then the one who, for example, has earned the kick himself or has already scored two goals and wants to score a hat-trick, etc., comes to the point. It is a relatively rare and spectacular case, when the goalkeeper acts as a regular penalty taker (Jose Luis Chilavert, Rogerio Ceni and some others). This is quite risky, because in the event of an inaccurate shot, the opposing team can organize an attack on an empty net.
The goal after a penalty kick is defended only by the goalkeeper; if the goalkeeper is injured or sent off, then a shot into an empty net is not allowed, but the goalkeeper is replaced or, if the substitutions are exhausted, one of the field players becomes the goalkeeper.
If the ball bounces into the field after hitting the stance or the crossbar or bouncing by the goalkeeper, it remains in play; it is not uncommon for the ball to almost immediately reach the goal, and this is already considered a goal from the field, and not from the penalty spot.
Penalty goals are usually marked in a special way in the game reports in order to distinguish them from other goals. When counting goals in a dispute top scorers competition or season, a penalty kick is valued less than a field goal. Usually, the number of goals scored from the penalty spot is indicated in brackets and plays the role of an additional indicator: in case of equality of goals scored, the player who scored is considered the best fewer balls from the 11-meter mark.
Violations and sanctions for them
If a player of the attacking team breaks the rules when taking a hit, the referee allows it to be hit. If the ball enters the goal, the goal will not count and the penalty will be re-awarded. If not, a free kick is awarded to the defending team from the place where the violation was committed.
If a player of the defending team breaks the rules, the referee allows a shot. If the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded. If not, the penalty is awarded again. If the players of both teams violate the rules, the penalty is replayed for any outcome of the previous attempt.
All players, except for the batter and the goalkeeper, may enter the penalty area only after the kick has been made, otherwise it is considered a violation of the rules. The goalkeeper is also considered in violation of the rules if he leaves the goal line before the kick.
If the penalty kicker touches the ball a second time (with any part of his body other than the hands) before it touches any other player, an indirect free kick is awarded to the defending team from where the contact occurred. If the batter deliberately touches the ball with his hand before it touches another player, a free kick is awarded.
If a foreign object touches the ball while moving forward, the kick is repeated. If this happens after the ball bounces into the field after hitting the rack, crossbar or being deflected by the goalkeeper, the referee stops play and plays a held ball.
Other rules
Only one person can instruct players at a time. After that, he must return to his seat. Players may drink refreshments during the stoppage of play caused by a penalty, but only on the sideline of the field. Throwing containers from under the water onto the field is prohibited.
Rule 15: Throw in the Ball
A throw-in is awarded when the ball goes over the sideline of the field of play. The throw-in is taken by any player of the opposing team of a player from whom the ball has gone over the sideline.
A player throws the ball with both hands from behind the head, with part of both feet touching either the sideline or the ground outside the sideline. In this case, the ball must cross the sideline at the point at which it left the field.
Opposing players must be at least 2 m away from the thrower at the time of the throw-in. The thrower may not touch the ball before it touches another player. Offside positions and throw-in goals do not count.
Violations
If the thrower touches the ball again, a free kick is awarded.
- If the thrower repeatedly touches the ball with his hands (if it is the goalkeeper in his goal area, a free kick is awarded;
- if it is a field player, or the goalkeeper is outside the goalkeeper's area), a free kick is awarded (as for a normal play with the hands).
- If a player interferes with or distracts the thrower, a yellow card is shown.
For other violations, the opposing team gets the right to throw in the ball.
Rule 16: Goal Kicks
A goal kick is awarded when the ball, last touched by a player in the attacking team, completely crosses the goal line and a goal has not been scored. If the ball goes beyond the goal line from a player of the defending team, a corner kick is awarded.
Goal kick
The ball is placed anywhere on the goalkeeper's court and a kick is taken. Opponents must be outside the penalty area. The kicker has the right to touch the ball a second time only after the ball touches another player. The ball is considered to be in play when it enters the penalty area. Any player (not necessarily the goalkeeper) can shoot a goal kick.
A goal scored from a goal kick will count, but only if it is scored by the opposing team (that is, an own goal does not count). Players are not penalized for an offside position that occurs during a goal kick.
Violations
If, after the kick, the ball is not in play, the kick is replayed. For repeated contact with the ball with any part of the body, except for the hands, the opponent is awarded a free kick. If the second touch happened with the hands:
- if the goalkeeper shoots and the violation occurs within the penalty area, a free kick is awarded;
- in all other cases, a free kick or a penalty kick is awarded (as for a normal hand game).
For any other violation, the blow is replayed.
Rule 17: Corner Kick
Corner kick order:
- any player of the attacking team can take a corner kick, including the goalkeeper;
- the ball is placed inside the corner sector of the nearest corner flag;
- opposing players must not be closer than 9.15 m (10 yards) from the ball until it is in play;
- the ball is in play when it is kicked and in motion;
- the player who made the shot cannot touch the ball again before it touches any other player;
- blow is made on the referee's whistle;
- if the ball flew directly into the goal of the defending team - the goal is scored;
- the offside position is not determined immediately upon impact.
Violations
- If the kicker touches the ball again, a free kick is awarded.
- If the kicker touches the ball with his hands again, a free kick is awarded.
- In other cases, the strike is repeated.
Corner kick is one of the most dangerous standard positions. Many teams practice defensive and offensive tactics in corner kicks. Since all distances are known in advance, a correctly punched corner kick becomes an excellent chance to score a goal.
Most often, the ball from a corner is hung into the penalty area, where tall players either immediately try to hit the goal, or throw the ball under the blow of a partner. Less often they serve the ball from the bottom, but due to the large congestion of players at corners, it will be more difficult to get hold of the ball.
There is also such a term as a corner kick - when the ball is not sent to the penalty area immediately, but is passed to one of the partners who are near the corner flag or the penalty line.
A "wall" of players at corner kicks is usually not set, since the distance to the goal allows it to be thrown without much effort.
Field dimensions... A futsal field is a rectangle with a length of 24 to 60 m and a width of 12 to 35 m. The length of the field must always be greater than its width.
Rice. 1. Field for playing mini-football:
A - penalty area, B - goal area, C - mark of the 8-meter kick, D - center of the field
Rice. 2. Playground for mini-football in the sports hall
Rice. 3. Playground of the day of futsal in a hockey rink
Markup... The field is marked with clearly visible lines 5 cm wide, located on the same plane with the surface of the field. The width of the layout lines is included in the dimensions of the areas that they constrain. At the same distance from the goal line, a center line is drawn across the field, in the middle of which a mark is made to indicate the center of the field.
Goal area... The goal area is a semicircle formed by the goal line and an arc of a circle with a radius of 3 m centered in the middle of the goal.
Penalty area... Its shape depends on the width of the field. If the field width is more than 20 m, then the penalty area is a semicircle formed by the goal line and an arc of a circle with a radius of 10 m centered in the middle of the goal. If the field width is less than 20 m, then the penalty area is limited by a straight line drawn 10 m from the goal line. On each penalty area opposite the middle of the goal at a distance of 8 m from the goal line, a mark is made for an 8-meter kick (penalty).
Gates... A gate is installed on the goal line. They consist of two uprights and a crossbar. The height of the gate is 2 m, the width is from 3 to 5 m. A net is hung on the back of the gate. Handball goals or hockey goals are also suitable for playing mini-football (Fig. 4). 
Rice. 4. Goals suitable for playing mini-football:
a - hockey goal, b - handball goal
Site coverage: Matches must be played on areas with level, smooth and non-abrasive surfaces, preferably made of wood or artificial materials, and comply with the competition regulations.
Site markings
The site must be rectangular and marked with lines. These lines are included in the dimensions of the areas that they limit and should be distinctly different from the color of the site.
The two long lines of the border of the site are called side lines. The two short lines are called goal lines.
The court is divided into two halves by a middle line that connects the midpoints of the two side lines.
The center mark marks the midpoint of the center line. A circle with a radius of 3m is drawn around it.
A mark must be drawn outside the court 5m from the corner arc and at right angles to the goal line so that the defending players stand at that distance when the corner kick is taken. The width of this mark is 8 cm.
Two additional marks, each 5m to the left and right of the 10m mark, must be made on the court to indicate the minimum distance to retreat when the 10m mark is kicked. The width of these marks is 8 cm.
Dimensions (edit)
The side line must be longer than the goal line.
All lines should be 8cm wide.
For non-international matches, the dimensions should be as follows:
Side line length
Goal line length
For international matches, the dimensions should be as follows:
Side line length
Goal line length
Penalty area
Two imaginary lines, 6m long, are drawn from the outside of each goal post at right angles to the goal line; from the ends of these lines on the outside of the posts, quarter circles are drawn, each with a radius of 6 m, towards the nearest lateral line. The upper parts of each quarter of the circle are connected by a 3.16m segment drawn parallel to the goal line between the posts. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is called the penalty area. In each penalty area, a mark is made at a distance of 6m from the midpoint between the goalposts and equidistant from them.
Additional penalty mark
An additional mark is applied 10m from the midpoint between the goalposts and at a distance from them.
Corner sector
A quarter circle with a radius of 25 cm is drawn from each corner to the inside of the site.
Gates
A goal line must be placed in the middle of each goal line.
The goalposts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal or other approved material. They must be square, rectangular, round or elliptical and must not be dangerous to the players.
The distance (according to the inner measurement) between the posts is 3m, and the distance from the bottom edge of the crossbar to the surface of the site is 2m. Both posts and the bar are the same width and depth of 8cm.
The uprights and crossbar must be different from the color of the court.
Replacement zones
The substitution zones are the areas of the sideline opposite the substitutes' benches.
- they are located in front of the technical area, have a length of 5m and are marked with line segments, each 8cm wide and 80cm long, 40cm of which are carried out on the site and 40cm outside.
- the area in front of the timekeeper's table, 5m on both sides, then the center line must be free.
- the team's substitution zone is located on the half of the court defending the above-mentioned team and is changed in the second half of the match and during extra time periods, if any.
Tell me the exact dimensions of the mini-football field (dimensions of the field, goals, line thickness and box radii)
Site markup:
The site should be marked with clear lines, 8 cm wide, in accordance with the plan. The long border line is called the side line, the short one is called the goal line. The center line must be drawn through the center of the court. The center of the site should be marked with a suitable color and a circle with a radius of 3 meters around the center.
Penalty point:
This point shall be marked 6 meters from the center of the goal line, passing through a straight line at the top of the arc at right angles.
Second penalty point:
This point shall be marked 12 meters from the center of the goal line on a straight line drawn from the center of the goal line at a right angle. This is the second penalty point.
Replacement zones:
At the side line on the side where the bench is located and two lines 80 cm long are drawn perpendicular to it (40 cm towards the field and 40 cm from the field) at a distance of 3 meters from the center line in each direction. When players enter or leave the field, they do so in this area.
Gates:
The goal must be centered on each goalkeeper's line and must consist of two straight posts, separated by 3 meters, connected by a horizontal bar, the bottom edge of which must be 2 meters from the ground. The width and depth of the posts must be 8 cm. The goal posts and the crossbar must have some width. The net must be attached to the posts and the crossbar at the back of the goal. The bottom edge should be secured with rounded pins or the like.
Football field size in meters
Football is considered one of the most popular types a sport that most of our compatriots try to watch. The game is often played in turfed stadiums, although some sports objects equipped with artificial turf. The size of the football field in meters remains unchanged, which must comply with the accepted European and international standards.
All sizes of a mini football field or a standard playground are prescribed in the regulations of the federation this sport... With any modification of the football field, within the limits of permissible deviations, it is rectangular in shape. The standard length of the site is 105 meters. The correct perimeter of the clearing, 68 meters wide, closes.
If the football field meets the standards in terms of parameters, then the elements on it should also fit into the gost. It is about football goals, goalkeeper and penalty areas. No deviations are allowed here and the figures indicated are respected in all countries.
The football goal is 2.44 meters high and 7.32 meters wide. The goalkeeper area is calculated according to the principle of 5.5 meters: from the goal posts to the corresponding corner flags, as well as deep into the football field. The penalty area on the field is calculated according to a similar principle. Only 16.5 meters are taken as a calculated indicator.
There is also an arc on the field, which is applied in the center of the penalty area exclusively outside of it. It is marked taking into account a radius of 9.15 meters, which is drawn from the eleven-meter mark. The players must be behind this arc when a penalty kick is taken.
Small arcs of 1 meter are drawn in each corner of the court, which are indicated by flags. When serving a corner, the opponents must be at a distance of 9.15 meters from the corner arch. To find this distance, the judge allows special marks applied on the side lines.
No matter how many meters the football field is, a dot is still made in its center. A circle is drawn from it for the same 9.15 meters. When playing the ball from the center of the field, the players must be located behind this circle on their halves of the court.
A special technical area is allocated next to the football field, in which reserve players, a coach and other personnel are located. It should be at a distance of 1 meter from the playing area itself.
Mini football field
The final price is only after agreement with the Manager!
- Post paid work without advance payment
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- Prepaid work
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- Question
- Answer
- Question
- Answer
Mini football field - should be rectangular.
Dimensions of the mini soccer field:
Mini football field length - minimum 25 m, maximum 42 m
Mini football field width- minimum 15 m, maximum 25 m
For international matches:
Football field length - minimum 38 m, maximum 42 m
The width of the football field - minimum 18 m, maximum 22 m
Construction of a mini football field - must comply with all government safety standards.
Arrangement of a mini football field includes the following steps:
- Layout of the object. At this stage, the terrain will be leveled, the correct slopes are determined.
- Preparation of a crushed stone-sand layer for further foundation construction. First you need to prepare an earthen trough, install road or garden side stones, and then fill it with rubble and sand. The cake will flatten and tamp well.
- Solid foundation device. It should be noted that the foundation of the playground must be firm. An asphalt concrete pavement is laid on the finished loose pad, or the site is concreted.
- Installation of equipment and fencing of the site 2 D or 3D.
- Arrangement of a traumatic rubber crumb coating for a basketball court or laying an artificial turf for a mini football field.
- Drawing sports markings for mini football.
Cover for mini football field
Covering for mini football field - must be safe, durable, wear-resistant.
We offer the following types of coatings for minifootball field:
- Seamless rubber coating
- Rolled rubber coating with a finishing layer
- EPDM rubber crumb coating
- Artificial turf (artificial turf for futsal)
Seamless rubber covering for the mini football court - stacked in bulk method. The composition includes recycled black crumb from car tires, a binder based on polyurethane, iron oxide pigments. It is laid both manually and with the help of an auto-stacker.
Roll rubber cover - produced according to German technology, roll coating with a width of 1.25 m, which can have a thickness of 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 13mm. Some versions of rolls are produced: only from tire black sbr granular rubber crumb, from sbr and EPDM crumb in a ratio of 15%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 80%.
The most common type of rubber roll is REGUPOL. It is installed on a solid base using a two-component polyurethane-based adhesive.
After laying the black roll, sometimes a finishing layer of polyurethane binder and EPDM crumb is applied to the surface.
EPDM rubber crumb coating - durable and high-quality flooring, which can be made in any color, since the main component is EPDM rubber granular crumb, dyed in the mass is produced in different colors and does not require additional painting. Laying is done on a solid, even base. The coating has a rich color and attractive appearance.
Artificial turf for a mini football field - the price starts from 850 rubles. m2. We have artificial turf from different manufacturers and different lengths pile.
Rubber covering for mini football field - wear-resistant, durable, shock-absorbing, trauma-safe, orthopedic, shock-absorbing, weather-resistant, soft, frost-resistant, heat-resistant type of flooring that meets all national and international standards, which is used both indoors and outdoors.
Covering for mini football field price not fixed and depends on the type and volume of the site and flooring.
A turnkey mini football field is the arrangement of a mini football field completely: from the base to the marking. Turnkey construction includes the following stages and types of work: territory planning , in excavation of an earthen trough , at construction of the base from the underlying and leveling bases of crushed stone , at construction of the base from underlying and leveling sand bases , at construction of a solid foundation from asphalt concrete sand mixtures, construction of a solid concrete foundation , at laying a trauma-safe coating based on crumb rubber or artificial turf, at installation of gates, installation of metal fencing, type 2D and 3D, n application of sports markings.
Mini football field in the country, in the yard - an integral part of a full, healthy and active rest and weekend in the country. It is not always possible to build a standard site in the country, due to the lack of territory. Because of this, mini - sites of small sizes are being built in the country.
Repair of a mini football field - an economical way to keep the pitch safe and fit for playing games. As a result of long-term operation, some parts of either the surface of the site, or the base, fencing, or the gate can deteriorate or break. In these cases, as a budget option, we suggest repairing this part, or replacing it.
We provide comprehensive services, work and materials for the construction, and, accordingly, for the repair of the sports ground.
The fencing of any sports field must:
withstand blows from balls;
have a height of 3–6 meters;
have a structure that provides good overview games;
freely pass air and natural light;
be resistant to sun, moisture and other atmospheric influences.
We also offer high-strength fencing with the following characteristics:
resistance to mechanical damage; ease of assembly; injury safety;
corrosion resistance and ease of maintenance.
In addition to the fencing, you can order the installation of the fencing of the sports ground from us.
Customized sports field fencing options are accepted.
Mini football field markings - applied in white lines 8 cm wide. The paint for marking a mini-football field differs depending on the location of the field (indoor, outdoor).
Mini football field price - not standard and is determined taking into account the features and volume of the site.
A football field is a rectangular grassy pitch that has certain dimensions. To date, there is no officially established size for a football field, there are only boundary indicators regarding the maximum and minimum length and width.
FIFA Standard Football Field Sizes
For national level matches:
- Length: minimum 90, maximum 120 meters;
- Width: minimum 45, maximum 90 meters.
For international matches, the size of the field is more strictly limited:
- Length: minimum 100, maximum 110 meters;
- Width: minimum 64, maximum 75 meters.
In March 2008, the IFAB (International Council of Football Associations) tried to establish a uniform size of football grounds for international matches (105 by 68 meters - 71.4 in acres, 7140 m 2, 0.714 in hectares). Most of the planet's stadiums were suitable for such values, but the organization could not establish the exact uniform size for the football field.
Do you know what exists.
Interesting. According to FIFA rules, outside the field, the grassy surface must be 5 meters long. However, in most stadiums, this requirement is ignored. This is due to the fact that many teams are financially expensive to maintain such an area of the lawn. In England, many stadiums are built in such a way that the stands are as close to the field as possible, practically at a distance of 2 meters from the lines.
Field markup
The length of all lines in big football is 12 cm. The middle line divides the area in half, and on its middle a circle with a diameter of 18.3 m is drawn. In the middle of the circle, a point with a diameter of 30 cm is drawn, which is the center of the field.
In each of the four corners of the field, a mark is drawn in the form of an arc with a radius of 1 m. From this point, the execution of the corner kick is carried out. At the corners of the field marking, columns with a flag are placed, at least 1.5 m high.
Interesting fact. Since the 2016/17 season, IFAB has allowed the use of club and federation logos on flags.
Goalkeeper area
From the gate of each of the posts, 5.5 meters are counted to the side, then two lines of 5.5 meters are drawn towards the center of the field, and their end points are connected by a line drawn parallel to the goal line.
Penalty area
The boundaries of the penalty area are made according to the same principle as with the goalkeeper's area, only the distance from the goal posts will be 16.5 meters. Within each penalty area, a dot is drawn at a distance of 11 meters from the midpoint of the goal line. A penalty kick is taken from this place in football. Outside the penalty area, an arc is marked, the radius of the circle of which is 9 m. 15 cm. This arc is counted from the 11-meter mark.
What sizes of soccer fields do teams prefer?
The length and width of the football field, in many cases, depends on the tactics of the team. Collectives that like to attack, especially to carry out positional attacks, prefer long and wide fields. Playing on large fields is not easy, especially from a physical point of view. Football players must have good stamina, as they will have to cover long distances in 90 minutes of the match.
Small fields are most often used by clubs that are more focused on defending their own goal, and act on counterattacks. When the field is narrow, defenses can be built very tightly, thereby minimizing the amount of space that opposing attackers can get through.
Interesting case
In the 2015-2016 UEFA Champions League season at the quarter-finals stage, Real Madrid lost the first game to Germany's Wolfsburg on their field with a score of 2: 0. To the return match coaching staff the Spanish club approached tactically competently, deciding to expand the field of the home stadium "Santiago Bernabeu". IN " royal club"They considered that a wider field would make it possible to maximize the use of flank attackers and play combination football with a large number of passes.
As a result, the expansion of the site had a positive effect. The tactics of the Madrid coach worked, and his club beat Wolfsburg 3-0, reaching the semifinals. By the way, in that Champions League draw, Real Madrid reached the final, where they defeated Atlético in a series after match penalties.