FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

SIBERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT

DEPARTMENT OF THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS GAMES

ABSTRACT ON THE TOPIC:

CLASSIFICATION OF HANDBALL TECHNIQUE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

Omsk 2009

1.Classification of technology

2.Field player technique

3. Defense technique

4 goalkeeper technique

1.Technique classification

The technique of playing handball is a system of rational purposeful movements, consisting of separate techniques necessary for playing the game.

The term "technique" is understood as motor actions, similar in terms of the target feature, aimed at solving the same game problem (throw to score a goal, hold to protect the gate, etc.).

The technique of the game is the totality of all techniques and methods of their implementation.

Technique of a technique is a system of movement elements that allows solving a specific motor task in the most rational way.

Classification is the distribution of all techniques and methods of their implementation into sections and groups based on similar characteristics.

By the nature of the playing activity, the technique is divided into two large sections: the technique of the field player and the technique of the goalkeeper. According to the direction of activity in each of the sections, subsections can be distinguished: attack technique and defense technique. In the attack technique, groups of movement and ball possession are distinguished, and in the defense technique, movement and opposition to the possession of the ball. Each of the groups includes techniques of the game, which, in turn, are performed in several ways. The characteristics of the methods of performing the technique include the following signs: 1) one or two limbs using the player when performing the technique; 2) the position of the hand with the ball relative to the shoulder joint (top, side, bottom); 3) the way to accelerate the ball (push, lash, kick,).

2. Field player technique

Attack technique

During the offensive game, the handball player uses certain techniques. Participation in the game obliges the athlete to constantly be in constant readiness to move, to receive the ball. This readiness is reflected in the player's posture, which is commonly called a stance. A handball player's main stance is a slightly bent legs, arms bent at the elbow joints at right angles to catch the ball, back straight, shoulders relaxed. This stance is used by the players when playing the ball. The stance of the player at the line of the goalkeeper's zone differs in that his arms are extended towards the ball, his back is round. The player who is at the line of the goalkeeper's zone, as a rule, having received the ball, rushes to the attack of the goal, making a throw. This forces you to take a stance on significantly bent legs to take off.

Movements

To move around the site, the player uses walking, running, stopping, jumping.

Walking - the usual and side steps are used by handball players to change positions. Players move with their face, back and side forward.

Running is the main means of moving handball players. Running on toes and on a full foot is used. Running on toes allows you to make a quick dash and achieve maximum speed movement.

Stop - Due to the constantly changing playing situation on the court, the handball player has to constantly stop. The ability to quickly extinguish speed gives great advantages to the player for further actions. The stop is made with one or two feet.

Jumping - used by a handball player when catching high and far flying balls, passing the ball, throwing into the goal. You can jump with one or two legs.

Ball control

Catching is a technique that provides an opportunity to take possession of the ball and carry out further actions with it. Fishing is done with one or two hands. The choice of the method of catching is dictated by the peculiarity of the trajectory of the ball and the position of the player in relation to the ball.

Passing the ball - This is the main technique that ensures the interaction of partners. Without accurate and fast transmission, it is impossible to create the conditions for a successful attack on the goal. In handball, transfers are made mainly with one hand from a standstill or from a running start. A swing is a move of the hand with the ball for the subsequent dispersal of the ball. The swing is up - back and sideways - back. The swing is the carrier of information for the enemy. Therefore, the shorter it is, the less information about the player's actions will be. The take-off run and swing constitute the preparatory phase of the transfer.

In the main phase, the handball player communicates the speed and direction of the ball's flight (accelerates the ball) in three ways: with a whip, a push and a brush.

Dribbling is a technique that allows a player to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance, hold the ball for as long as necessary, beat the defender.

Throw - This is a technique that allows you to throw the ball into the goal. With the help of it, the result of the game is achieved, all other techniques are aimed at creating conditions for the throw.

The throw can be performed in a supporting position, in a jump, in a fall, from a place and from a run. Depending on the conditions under which the throw is performed, its preparatory phase, including the run, jump and swing, is different.

3. Defense technique

The main tasks of the game in defense are: defense of one's own goal by legal means, violation of the opponent's organized attack and mastery of the ball.

The main stance of the defender is on legs bent at an angle of 160 - 170 degrees and spaced 20 - 40 cm apart. The back is not tense, the arms, bent at the elbow joints at right angles, are in a comfortable position for quick movement in any direction. The body weight is distributed on both legs, the gaze is fixed on the opponent, and peripheral vision controls the position of other players and the movement of the ball on the court.

Movements

Walking - needed by the defender to choose a position when guarding the attacker. The defender uses walking and walking. Walking with a side step, performed in a stand on bent legs, feet turned outward.

Jumping - used when blocking, tackling, intercepting the ball. Reacting to the actions of the attacker, the defender must be able to make a jump from any starting position. The defender jumps, pushing with one and two feet.

Ball possession opposition

Blocking is blocking the path of the ball or the attacking player. Blocking the ball is done with one or two hands from above, from the side, from below. Having determined the direction of the throw, the defender quickly straightens his arm, blocking the path of the ball.

Kicking is a technique that allows you to interrupt the dribbling of the ball, it is performed by hitting the ball with one hand. The defender uses the knockout at the moment when the ball is between the attacker's hand and the surface of the court. Having approached the distance that allows reaching the ball, the handball player quickly extends his hand and strikes the ball with his fingers.

Tackling the ball on throw - interruption of the throw at the end of the ball's acceleration. The defender brings his hand to the ball from the direction of the intended throw and, as it were, removes the ball from the attacker's hand.

4. Goalkeeper technique

Do not let the ball into the goal and organize a counterattack - these are the main tasks of the goalkeeper's playing activity. All the technique of the game is divided into the technique of defense and attack.

Defense technique

The goalkeeper's position becomes especially important as it ensures the readiness to catch the ball. The main goalkeeper stance is a position on the legs bent at an angle of 160-170 degrees, spaced 20-30 cm.

Movements

Walking - the goalkeeper will use walking and walking to select a position. Walking with a side step is performed in a stance on bent legs. Wherein permanent state readiness obliges him not to lose contact with the support.

Jumping - the goalkeeper jumps with one or two feet. Most often these are jumps to the sides without preparatory movements from the stand, with a push with the same or opposite direction of movement of the leg, more often before the jump, if the situation permits, he takes only one step.

Falls are not the main way the goalkeeper moves, but in difficult playing situations he uses this means to quickly get to the ball.

Counter and ball control

Holding the ball is a technique that allows you to change the direction of the ball flying into the goal after the attacker's throw. This technique, depending on the flight of the ball, can be performed with one or two hands, one or two legs, body.

Catching is a technique that allows you to block access to the ball into the goal with the obligatory mastery of it. Catching is done with two hands only. It is better to catch the ball flying in an overhead trajectory close to the goalkeeper. But if the speed of the ball is high, then the goalkeeper must use any other method of protecting the goal.

Goalkeeper attack technique

The goalkeeper must have one and two hand passes from above and from the side in the pivot position. Medium and long distance transmissions are especially important for him. Outside his zone, the goalkeeper's techniques are the same as those of the field player.

Key terms:

Technique, goalkeeper, fielder, throw, pass, dribble, dribble, block

Bibliography

1. G.V. Bondarenkova, N.I. Kovalenko, A. Yu. Utochkin "Physical culture" Volgograd 2004.

2. MV Vidyakin "For a beginner physical education teacher" Volgograd 2002.

3. M.V. Vidyakin " Extracurricular activities on physical education "Volgograd 2004.

4. V.Ya. Ignatieva "Handball" "Physical culture and sport".

5. Izaak V.I., Nabiev T.E. "Handball at the University" Tashkent 2005.

6. Ignatieva V.Ya., Petracheva I.V., Gamaun A., Ivanova S.V. Analysis of the competitive activity of men's teams highly qualified in handball.

7. Toolkit for coaches, athletes and students of educational institutions for physical education. Moscow, 2008.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ANNIVERSARY STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture

Control Job

on sports games
Topic: “Handball: playing technique, classification of playing technique. General sequence of teaching the game technique "

Completed by a 4th year student

Ustinova Nadezhda Romanovna.

Checked:

Blagoveshchensk 2011

Content:

Introduction

1. Classification of equipment …………………………………………………… 3

2. Technique of a field player ………………………………………………… ..4

2.1. Technique of attack ……………………………………………………… ..4

2.2. Ball control ………………………………………………………… .6

3. Protection technique …………………………………………………………… .8

4. Goalkeeper technique ……………………………………………………………… .8

5. The general sequence of teaching the game technique ……………………… ..9

5.1. The structure of the learning process ……………………………………………… 9

6. Teaching the game technique …………………………………………………… 11

6.1. Training in attacking techniques …………………………………… ..11

Conclusion

List of used literature ………………………………………… ... 16

Introduction

The origins of the game of handball have a rich historical background. Even in antiquity, there were ball games in which elements of modern handball were present. In 1892, a ball game was invented in Czechoslovakia, which was called "Ceska Hazena". In 1898, Holger Nielsen, a teacher at the Danish city of Ordrup's women's gymnasium, introduced a game called "Haandbold" in his lessons, in which teams of 7 competed on a small field, passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

When Nielsen composed a new game for women from two games - football and basketball, no one expected that this game would find such distribution in the world.

The creation of a game with a team of 11 people dates back to 1917-1919. Both varieties of the game have existed together for a long time.

In 1926, at a conference in The Hague at the International Amateur Athletic Federation of Sports, a special commission was organized, whose tasks were to promote the development of the game. Since then, handball has been recognized as equal among other sports.

Handball is a universal sports game that has common roots with football and basketball, and is not much inferior to rugby in athleticism. The main techniques of handball players are running, accelerating, moving, taking off, vaulting at goal, passing and catching the ball in various ways, fighting for the ball and position, as well as playing the handball goalkeeper. All of them are closely related to sports such as athletics, gymnastics, wrestling and acrobatics.

The aim of the game. Two teams, observing the rules of the game, try to score the ball into the opponent's goal and at the same time defend their goal from attack. The winner is the team that, at the end of the playing time, scored more balls.

Physically, handball requires a lot of stress from the players. Various forms of running develop reaction, starting speed, sprint speed, special endurance, agility when stopping, changing direction of running and changing rhythm. Jumps in height and length with throws and blocking contribute to the development of jumping ability. Serving and shooting at goal requires dexterity and shooting power. Constant accounting and analysis of the changing situation at each next moment require athletes much attention, decisive and strong-willed actions in the interests of the team.

1. Classification of technology.

The technique of playing handball is a system of rational purposeful movements, consisting of separate techniques necessary for playing the game.

Classification is the distribution of all techniques and methods of their implementation into sections and groups based on similar characteristics.

By the nature of the playing activity, the technique is divided into two large sections: the technique of the field player and the technique of the goalkeeper. According to the direction of activity in each of the sections, the following sections can be distinguished: "Attack technique" and "Defense technique". In the attack technique, groups of movement and ball possession are distinguished, and in the defense technique, movement and opposition to the possession of the ball. Each of the groups includes techniques of the game, which, in turn, are performed in several ways. The characteristics of the methods of performing the technique include the following signs: 1) the player uses one or two limbs when performing the technique; 2) the position of the hand with the ball relative to the shoulder joint (top, side, bottom); 3) the way to accelerate the ball (push, lash, kick).

The methods of performing the technique have varieties, that is, some features in the details of the movement system. The technique is made even more diverse by the conditions for performing the technique, the characteristics of which include distance, attitude to support, direction, method of acceleration.

In each technique of the game, phases can be distinguished: preparatory, main and final. They differ in specific features of movement elements and particular motor tasks.

In the preparatory phase, the movement of athletes provides an optimal starting position for the implementation of the main motor task.

In the main phase of reception, the main motor task is carried out. The final phase ensures the player is ready for further participation in the game.

Each phase contains several elements - articular movements. All elements are interconnected when performing a technique, therefore, to change the result, it is sometimes enough to change a certain element at the beginning of a motor action.

The relative position of the body links at the time of the phase change is called the boundary pose. Boundary poses serve as a guide for controlling the technique of performing a technique.

2. Field player technique

2.1 Technique of attack.

During the offensive game, the handball player uses certain techniques. Participation in the game obliges the athlete to constantly be in constant readiness to move, to receive the ball. This readiness is reflected in the player's posture, which is commonly called a stance. Basic handball stance- this is a position on slightly bent legs, arms bent at the elbow joints at right angles to catch the ball, back straight, shoulders relaxed. This stance is used by the players when playing the ball. The stance of the player at the line of the goalkeeper's zone differs in that his arms are extended towards the ball, his back is round. The player who is at the line of the goalkeeper's zone, as a rule, having received the ball, rushes to the attack of the goal, making a throw. This forces you to take a stance on significantly bent legs to take off.

Moving. To move around the site, the player uses walking, running, stopping, jumping. With the help of these techniques, the player is freed from the guardianship of defenders, and chooses a place to interact with partners.

Walking - normal and side steps are used by a handball player to change positions. Players move with their face, back and side forward.

Run - the main means of moving handball players. Running on toes and on a full foot is used. Running on toes allows you to make a quick dash to reach the maximum speed of movement. Running on a full foot allows you to create a stable position. To perform techniques with the ball, it is necessary to master such a run when the hands make movements regardless of the pace and rhythm of the legs.

When studying the player's running, it is necessary to pay attention to the peculiarities, which consist in the fact that placing the foot on the platform is carried out by rolling from heel to toe or softly placing the leg on a full foot. Sample exercises for teaching running technique:

Alternating slow and fast running;

Running face forward and backward in a straight line, in a circle;

- running with side steps in different directions;

- running with acceleration in a straight line from unusual starting positions (sitting down, lying down and others);

- the same, but by sound signal;

- running around various objects placed in straight and broken lines.

Stop- Due to the constantly changing playing situation on the court, the handball player has to suddenly stop. Stopping is done by braking with one and two feet. The ability to quickly extinguish speed gives the player advantages for further actions. The stop is made with one or two feet. For braking with one leg, the handball player sharply tilts the body back, the stopper puts the leg forward with the foot turned inward, and, turning sideways to the direction of movement, bends the other leg strongly. Two-foot braking is preceded by a jump. It is needed in order to bring both legs sharply forward and, thus bumping into the support, to extinguish the forward movement. When landing, you must bend your legs strongly to ensure that you can continue running in any direction.

Sample exercises for teaching the stopping technique:

- stop after running anywhere on the site, the same in a predetermined place;

- running in a circle, on command they make a step stop;

- stand in a line one by one, on command they run out of the line in turn and make a stop at a walk;

- stand in opposite columns at a distance of 8-10m. apart. A player runs out of one column, dribbles the ball to the middle of the gap between the columns, makes a stop with a step, passes the ball to the player in front of the oncoming column and runs to the tail of his column, and so on;

- stop after catching the ball.
Jumping are used by a handball player when catching high and far flying balls, when passing the ball, throwing into the goal. You can jump by pushing off with one or two legs. Takeoff with two legs is done from a place, and one - with a run. Landing with all methods should be soft, without loss of balance, which is achieved by a shock-absorbing movement of the legs apart.

Turns are studied in the following sequence: turns in place forward and backward, turns forward and backward after running and stopping, a combination of turns with a simultaneous transfer of the ball. When teaching turns, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that they are performed without straightening the legs in the knee joint, without vertical oscillation of the body, freely, without tension.

2.2. Ball possession.

Catching- This is a technique that provides an opportunity to take possession of the ball and carry out further actions with it. Fishing is done with one or two hands. The choice of the method of catching is dictated by the peculiarity of the trajectory of the ball and the position of the player in relation to the ball.

Catching with both hands. In order to take possession of the ball flying at the middle level (to the chest), the handball player must stretch out his arms towards the ball, do not strain his hands and slightly turn his palms downward, and spread his fingers freely. Allocated thumbs should almost touch, and approach the required distance, palms close and fingers cover the ball. The arms must be bent to cushion the speed of the ball. When catching high flying balls from a rebound, the thumbs of the hands need to be brought closer together than when catching straight lines. And when catching low flying and rolling balls, the palms must be turned towards the ball so that the little fingers are almost touching.

The ball can be caught from the front and from the side. In order to catch the ball from the front, you need to turn your chest to it. In this case, both arms should be extended.

For all fishing methods it is necessary:

Look at the ball while grabbing it with your hands;
If possible, make a counter movement to the ball;
Stretch your arms towards the ball;
Keep your hands and fingers relaxed until they touch the ball;
Grab the ball with your fingers;
After grabbing the ball, bend your elbows (cushion the impact);
After catching the ball, be ready to cover it from a nearby opponent.

Passing the ball - This is the main technique for ensuring the interaction of partners. Without accurate and fast transmission, it is impossible to create the conditions for a successful attack on the goal. In handball, transfers are made mainly with one hand from a standstill or from a running start.

Swing - this is the abduction of the hand with the ball for the subsequent dispersal of the ball. The swing is up - back and sideways - back. The swing is the carrier of information for the enemy. Therefore, the shorter it is, the less information about the player's actions will be. The take-off run and swing constitute the preparatory phase of the transfer. In the main phase, the handball player communicates the speed and direction of the ball's flight (accelerates the ball) in three ways: with a whip, a push and a brush.

Dribbling is a technique that allows a player to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance, to hold the ball for as long as necessary, to beat the defender.

Leading can be one-hit and multi-hit. One-hit dribbling is performed as follows. Having caught the ball, the player takes three steps with it, then hits it into the court. Having caught the ball, the player takes three steps with it, then hits it into the court. After catching a bounced ball, the handball player can again take three steps with the ball in his hands before giving it to a partner, or throwing it into the goal.

When multi-hitting, the following rules must be observed:

Walk on a full foot on slightly bent legs;
Push the ball with your fingers;
Do not brush when in contact with the ball;
Push the ball forward in accordance with the speed of movement;
Push in such a way that the ball bounces no higher than the waist;
Control the ball with peripheral vision.

Throw - this is a technique that allows you to throw the ball into the goal. With its help, the result of the game is achieved, all other techniques are aimed at creating conditions for the throw. The main phase of the throw includes movements that impart the speed and direction of the ball to the ball. There are three ways to accelerate the ball: with a whip, a push and a kick when throwing, a handball player can send the ball directly into the goal or into the goalkeeper's area so that it hits the goal from the rebound.

The trajectory of the ball when thrown into the goal can be horizontal, descending, ascending, hinged. You can achieve a horizontal trajectory using any method of throw. The inbound trajectory can be obtained by applying a side throw, and the hinged one by using a push.

The rebound of the ball can be reflected, sliding and with the rotation of the ball. With a reflected bounce, the angle of incidence of the ball is equal to the angle of reflection. This flight path is easiest to achieve with the overhead throw method. A sliding rebound, when the ball touches the surface of the court for some part of its path, can be achieved by applying a side shot.

3. Technique of protection.

The main tasks of the game in defense are: defense of one's own goal by legal means, violation of the opponent's organized attack and mastery of the ball.

Walking - is needed by a defender to choose a position when guarding an attacker. The defender uses walking and walking. Walking with a side step, performed in a stand on bent legs, feet turned outward.

Jumping - are used when blocking, tackling, intercepting the ball. Reacting to the actions of the attacker, the defender must be able to make a jump from any starting position. The defender jumps, pushing with one and two feet.
Ball possession opposition
Blocking is an obstruction of the path of movement of the ball or the attacking player. Blocking the ball is done with one or two hands from above, from the side, from below. Having determined the direction of the throw, the defender quickly straightens his arm, blocking the path of the ball.

Knocking out - This is a technique that allows you to interrupt dribbling, it is performed by hitting the ball with one hand. The defender uses the knockout at the moment when the ball is between the attacker's hand and the surface of the court. Having approached the distance that allows reaching the ball, the handball player quickly extends his hand and strikes the ball with his fingers.

4. Goalkeeper technique

Defense technique

The goalkeeper's position becomes especially important as it ensures the readiness to catch the ball. The main goalkeeper stance is a position on legs bent at an angle of 160-170 degrees, spaced 20-30 cm.

Movements

Walking - the goalkeeper will use normal walking and side steps to select a position. Walking with a side step is performed in a stance on bent legs. At the same time, a constant state of readiness obliges him not to lose contact with the support.

Jumping - the goalkeeper makes a push with one or two feet. Most often these are jumps to the sides without preparatory movements from the stand, with a push with the same or opposite direction of movement of the leg, more often before the jump, if the situation permits, he takes only one step.

Fall is not the main way to move the goalkeeper, but in difficult playing situations he uses this means to quickly move to the ball.

Counter and ball control

Catching - This is a technique that allows you to block access to the ball into the goal with the obligatory mastery of it. Catching is done with two hands only. It is better to catch the ball flying in an overhead trajectory close to the goalkeeper. But if the speed of the ball is high, then the goalkeeper must use any other method of protecting the goal.
Goalkeeper attack technique

5. The general sequence of teaching the technique of the game.
5.1. The structure of the learning process.

Learning to play techniques and technical actions is a laborious and lengthy process. The technique of the game has a wide variety of ways of performing techniques, and it takes several years to master them at least to the level of skills.

In the process of teaching techniques, it is important not only to formulate rational movements from a biomechanical point of view, but also to apply these movements in the game. Therefore, training in technique and individual tactical actions should go in parallel.

In addition, learning to play is carried out in close connection with the education of physical qualities. Teaching movements and the perception of physical qualities have common origins, since the underlying laws of the formation of motor skills and the development of motor abilities are the same. Physical abilities accelerate the process of mastering motor skills. Performing techniques of technique, they show physical qualities, accelerate their development. However, for teaching movements, as a rule, conditions are facilitated, and for the education of physical qualities, a constant increase in loads is necessary.

When studying each technique, it is important to consider it in phases. Moreover, the main attention must be focused first on the main phase of the movement, and only then on the details and variety of the preparatory one. When studying any technique, the logical sequence of the formation of technical and tactical actions must be observed: 1) familiarization with the technique; 2) study of reception in simplified conditions; 3) improving the technique in a complicated environment close to the conditions of the game; 4) the application of the technique in the game.

When familiarizing, it is necessary to give information about the studied technique or action using visual methods and create a general visual and motor representation of them. When re-showing, additional demonstrations of visual aids (cinematography, photographs, diagrams, film rings, etc.), focusing on the most important details. The show is accompanied by a story about the place and meaning of a technique or action in the game, about their most rational use in certain game situations. A trial attempt is given to obtain an elementary motional representation.

Learning in simplified conditions presupposes the absence of hindrances to mastering the structure of movement. Success in the bottom case largely depends on correct selection preparatory and especially leading exercises. To feel the elements of movement, various methods of forced limitation of movements and fixation of positions are used

During the initial learning, two methods are used: a holistic and a dismembered-constructive exercise. A holistic learning method creates a more complete understanding and a solid logical foundation for skill formation. The method of dismembered-constructive exercise (the dismembered method) is used to study techniques and actions that are complex in structure. After learning the individual components of movement or interaction, the main task becomes mastering the necessary rhythm when combining parts into a whole motor action.

To simplify or complicate the fulfillment conditions when learning the game techniques, the initial position, distance, direction, speed of movement are changed, and interference is introduced. When learning tactics, they change the number of partners, the goal and methods of achieving it, the placement of handball players, and confrontations are introduced.

The main thing in handball is the game. If all techniques are perfected in every stage of learning outside the game, it will take a long time. Therefore, handball players use techniques in the game when they are still little learned, and then continue to improve them again in simplified and complicated conditions. The sequence of learning techniques should be such that their gradual introduction into the game would complicate combat. Moreover, when studying the technique of attack, it is rational to start studying the technique of defense. The techniques of the game are studied in parallel, but no more than two or three per lesson.

6. Teaching the technique of the game.
6.1. Training in attacking techniques.

Movement technique training. When teaching movements, it is necessary to study each technique separately (running, jumping, stopping) and learn how to combine them. You should not study one technique for a long time. Once the structure is mastered, you can move on to a new one and study its combination with others in various combinations.

Running is studied in the following sequence: normal, with a change in speed, with a change in direction, cross step, with various kinds of jumps, rhythmic and arrhythmic running.

Stopping is studied first by braking with one and then with two legs. First, on a signal, they stop when walking fast, then when running slowly and, finally, when performing accelerations and jerks. The instructor should monitor the correct distribution of body weight after stopping on both legs to maintain balance. Further, after stopping, you can turn on movements in different directions.

The jump is studied, first pushing off with two legs, and then one from a place and from a run. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to correct setting legs, the degree of its flexion in connection with the execution of an upward or long jump and a soft, stable landing.

The handball player uses all the techniques of movement in the game. It is best to improve the technique of movement with the help of the following exercises:

Acceleration to a certain reference point with return to the starting position.
Acceleration from the starting position lying, sitting, assuming any posture.
Jumping over obstacles, pushing off with one and two legs.
Jumping alternating with running.
Running from one landmark to another, stopping at each landmark.
Running around obstacles.
Running with the transfer of various objects.

All these exercises can be carried out in the form of relay races.

Teaching the ball handling technique.

Ball catching training .

Before you start learning to catch from a partner, you need to do a series of training exercises in order to "get used" to the mass, shape and elastic qualities of the ball.

Toss the ball in front of you and catch it.
Toss and catch the ball after bouncing off the floor.
Toss the ball with your left hand and catch with your right.
Toss the ball over your head, behind your back, under your feet, between your legs and catch.
Toss alternately two balls and catch.

To carry out leading exercises, the trainee can catch in any way available to him. The task is set before him - after mastering the ball, be ready to immediately take any action. For example, look at the teacher, roll the ball to a certain landmark, run to the landmark yourself with the ball in your hands.

Learning to pass the ball.

Before starting to teach the transfer, the student must be taught how to properly hold the ball. To do this, you need to choose a ball of a certain size and weight in accordance with the age and gender of the practitioners.

When holding the ball, the hand should not be tense. The fingers hold the ball, and the wrist joint requires optimal mobility. Such mobility is achieved by the following leading exercises:

Keeping your hands in front of you, throw the ball with your fingers from one hand to the other.
Transfer the ball from hand to hand, moving it around the body, first standing still, and then walking and running.
From the initial position, the ball in two hands in front of you, alternately swing up, down, to the side with a wide amplitude, holding the ball with a grip or freely in the palm of your hand.
Simulate a pass, throw in different directions, holding the ball with a grip, first while standing still, and then while walking and running.

You need to start training with a whip transfer from above. At the target on the wall, at the level of a raised hand, from a distance of 3-4 m, the student sends

ball: from the stand opposite leg in front, hand with the ball at the top; the same with the opposite step forward; the same with a running start in 3 steps.

Studying this or that transmission method, after explaining the movements, the trainees practice independently. The teacher sequentially switches their attention, first to the correct starting position, then to the coordination of movements of the arms and legs, to the position of the body, to the correct movement of the arm.

Ball dribbling training.

Learning one-stroke dribbling is not difficult. An explanation and a good show are enough. At first, the dribbling is performed on the spot, then when walking with a step and, finally, running.

Training in multi-hitting starts with on-site exercises. This exercise masters correct position hands, the skill of soft successive kicks of the ball is developed, a comfortable stand is acquired. Further, dribbling with various movements around the site is studied.

Throwing training.

Mastering the throw is impossible without preliminary preparation of the trainee's musculoskeletal system.

For this purpose, beginner handball players should perform preparatory exercises with various objects. This is, first of all, throwing tennis balls, children's rubber and hockey balls, sticks of various lengths, as well as imitation of a throwing movement with dumbbells, a shock absorber in the hand. For the development of hand mobility, exercises with gymnastic clubs are used, and for mobility in the shoulder joint - with a gymnastic stick. Throwing medicine balls of different weights with one and mainly with two hands helps to strengthen the muscles of the arms, legs and trunk and the development of coordination of movements.
Teaching the techniques of playing in defense.
Teaching the technique of movement in defense begins to master the stance on bent legs. The degree of flexion of the defender's legs depends on the speed of his movement. To master the defender's stance, trainees need to select feasible exercises that would force them to move in a rational pose. The ultimate goal of these exercises should be the ability of the handball player to move at any speed on bent legs, changing direction without unnecessary torso movements.

To study movement in a standing position on slightly bent legs, exercises are performed at a low pace, a change in direction occurs at a signal from a teacher or in a predetermined place. Mastering movement on significantly bent legs requires the need to move at a high pace, the presence of direct contact with the enemy.

Teaching the goalkeeper's game techniques.

Mastering the technique of the goalkeeper's playing techniques requires preliminary preparedness of the musculoskeletal system of the student. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the muscles and ligaments of the arms and legs, since sudden movements with a wide amplitude, strong blows ball require a certain amount of muscle elasticity and joint mobility.

When training a goalkeeper, it is necessary to use protective devices: a tight suit, gloves, shin guards, knee pads, for men - a protective "shell". When studying the technique of hitting the ball in the "twine", as well as when performing exercises with a fall, it is necessary to use gymnastic mats.

Learning to move begins outside the gate. At the command of the teacher, students move, changing direction and maintaining a stance on bent legs. Teaching the goalkeeper to move around the goal and in his own zone must be combined with training in positioning. To do this, any landmarks are placed on the arc of a 6-meter marking. The goalkeeper moves along the goal in side steps. Once in front of the next landmark, he takes a step forward, fixes the readiness stance, steps back and continues to move with side steps until the next landmark. At first, the side steps should be small, but gradually you need to teach the goalkeeper to do as much as possible. fewer steps by lengthening the step. The fewer steps he has to take during an opponent's attack, the more reliable his readiness to deflect the ball.

The goalkeeper's jump technique is mastered in imitation exercises of hitting the ball flying into the upper corners of the goal, and in exercises with catching the ball.

Catching is not the goalkeeper's main goal defense technique. But the goalkeeper needs to master it perfectly. Therefore, the goalkeeper should perform all the exercises that facilitate catching from the first lessons. These are exercises in catching the ball in various positions: standing, sitting, lying, jumping, after somersault, jumping over, stepping over, climbing under objects.

When bouncing the ball with your hand, it is very important to tense your muscles when touching the ball; there should be a counter extension of the arm in elbow joint... This needs to be paid attention to in training. The coach throws the ball lightly and the goalkeeper hits it.

Conclusion. One of the most important tasks of a teacher at all stages of teaching handball is to nurture the personality of students. At the same time, it must be remembered that painstaking and daily educational work should be supported by deep knowledge of the characteristics of age development, character, inclinations, and potential capabilities of each student.

Conclusion

The school program for physical education provides for familiarization of students with sports games, such as basketball, volleyball, mini-football, handball. But if the first of the three named games is cultivated to one degree or another in school gyms, then handball, or, as it is also called, "handball" is undeservedly, in my opinion, deprived of both attention and time. By practicing with students the practical mastery of handball techniques and tactics, as well as studying the rules of the game, one can not only achieve high sports performance, but also acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities used in many other sports disciplines.

List of used literature:
1. Ch.L. Garbaliauskas. We play handball: Book. for learners environments. and Art. classes. - M .: Education, 1988 .-- 76 p.

2.L.D. Glazyrina., T.A. Physical culture teaching methodology: Method. manual and program. - M .: Humanit. ed. Center VLADOS, 2004 .-- 208 p.

3. Yu.D. Zheleznyak et al. Sports games: Technique, tactics, teaching methods: Textbook. for stud. higher ped. study. institutions - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 520 p.

4. N.P. Klusov. Hand ball at school. A guide for teachers. M .: "Education", 1978. 175 p.

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on the topic: "Handball: the basics of technique, tactics, teaching methods"

1 . Briefinformation aboutbhistory of the origin and development of the game

The origins of the game of handball have a rich historical background. Even in antiquity, there were ball games in which elements of modern handball were present, but the date of birth of the game, registered in the international sports classification, considered to be 1898. The creator of the game is Holger Nielsen, a teacher at the Danish city of Ordrup women's gymnasium.

He also developed and published the first rules of the game in 1906. Initially, the game had several varieties according to the number of players, namely 7: 7; 11:11, so the rules were different. Hence its other, now outdated name - "handball".

The International Amateur Handball Federation (IAGF) was founded in 1928. Initially, it united the national federations of 11 countries, and after 2 years it included already 20. The first official international rules handball balls were approved by the congress of the federation in 1930. During World War II, the IAGF disintegrated. However, immediately after its completion in 1946, an effort of eight national federations is being created International Federation handball (IHF), which is still in operation. Now its members are more than 150 countries from all five continents. The IHF has four commissions: game promotion, refereeing, competition and coaching. handball rule tactical training

In December 1991, the EHF, the European Handball Federation, was created, through whose efforts the European Championships have been held since 1994. The first champions of the continent were the national teams of Sweden (men) and Denmark (women). The same teams are also the current European champions, having won this title again in 2002.

The Olympic debut of handball took place in 1936 at the XI Games in Berlin. Here, for the first and only time in the program of the Olympics, 11: 11 handball was presented. Only men's teams competed, and the first Olympic champion the handball team became the German team (Table 1)

Tab. 1 Olympic Handball Tournament Winners

Olympiad	Carrying out	Winning team

		Germany Berlin	Germany
		Germany, Munich	Yugoslavia
		Canada, Montreal
		USSR, Moscow
		USA, Los Angeles	Yugoslavia	Yugoslavia
		South Korea, Seoul		South Korea
		Spain, Barcelona		South Korea
		USA, Atlanta	Croatia
		Australia, Sydney

Like most sports games, handball was brought to Russia from abroad by a gymnastics teacher at the Sokol Society in 1909. However, he did not receive the due popularity. In 1922, a second, more successful attempt was made to introduce handball into the system. physical education Russia. It was a variant of the game 11: 11. The first matches were held in Moscow at the experimental demonstration site of Vsevobuch. And already in 1928, handball was included in the program of the I All-Union Spartakiad. This year was adopted by the Russian Handball Union as the official date of birth of Russian handball.

From the mid-30s to the early 50s, handball in the USSR was again consigned to almost complete oblivion. Only in 1954, an organizational meeting of the All-Union section of handball players was held in Moscow. And only in 1956 the first championships of Russia and the USSR in handball 11: 11 were held.

In 1957, the All-Union section of handball players, which included Russia, was admitted to the IHF. Two years later, in 1959, it was renamed the All-Union Handball Federation. In connection with the collapse of the USSR in 1990, the Russian Handball Players Union (UGR) was formed.

In the period from 1959 to 1961, the country held competitions in both 11: 11 handball and 7: 7 handball. Only since 1962, by the decision of the Presidium of the All-Union Federation, all official competitions are held in handball 7: 7.

Until 1992, the Russian handball championships were held without the club teams of Moscow and St. Petersburg. During this period, more than 20 times, handball players from Krasnodar became champions of Russia, and the leading positions among women were held by the team "Rostselmash".

Since 1992, all teams of the republic have taken part in the Russian handball championships. The first winners of the combined championship were the handball players of the St. Petersburg “Neva”, and the women's handball players became the champions of the Volgograd “Rotor”.

Currently, the national teams of Russia are among the strongest in the world, being the winners and prize-winners of many of the largest international competitions... And Russian club teams participate quite successfully in European cup tournaments.

Rostov handball club "Rostselmash", founded in 1965, is the oldest and most titled in Russia. Handball players of "Rostselmash" became champions of the USSR in 1990-1991, silver medalists in 1979-1982, 1989, bronze in 1976, 1988, participants in the finals of European cup tournaments, champions of Russia - 9 times. In the championships of the renewed Russia “Rostselmash” became the champion 1 time, twice the silver and three times the bronze medalist.

From 1992 to 2001, on the basis of the Rostov OJSC "Vodokanal", the men's and women's handball teams "Source" were created, which in a short period of preparation took leading positions in Russian handball. Handball players became champions of Russia in 1996, and in 1997 won the European Cup of Nations. But in 2002 it was decided to merge the two teams into one, which was named "Rostov-Don". The new team is the bronze medalist of the 2002-2004 Russian Championship. Among the pupils of the Rostov handball are 9 ZMS, 23 MSMK and 73 MS of the USSR and Russia. The team achieved the most significant successes under the guidance of the honored trainers of the USSR and the RSFSR Leomark Nevyadomskov, Alexander Panov and Igor Eskov.

1.1 Characteristics of the game

Handball is a team sports game. It belongs to contact sports. This means that athletes on the site constantly engage in martial arts, in close contact and exert not only mental, but also physical pressure on each other. All team players are united by a common goal: to throw as many balls into the opposing team's goal as possible and not let them into their own. To achieve this success, coordinated actions of all team members are required, who are subordinated to the implementation of a common task. The actions of each player have a clear concrete focus, according to which handball players are distinguished by the functions they perform during the game: field players (center, welterweight, extreme, line) and the goalkeeper.

Each of the players performs different jobs and carries a different specific load. The motor activity of each player does not simply consist of the sum of separate methods of defense and attack, but is a set of actions that are united by a common goal into a single dynamic system. The success of motor activity depends on the stamina and variability of skills, the level of development of motor abilities and intelligence of each player. Modern handball is an athletic defensive and offensive game that places high demands on the functionality of the players. Success is achieved by the team whose players know how to control their actions well, take into account the location of partners, rivals, all the time do not let the ball out of sight. Based on the current game situation, make a timely decision to complete the required task.

In the course of the game, a handball player must pay great attention to the ability to stop abruptly, change the direction of running, use a variety of jumps, accurately pass and throw the ball into the goal, giving it the necessary speed and direction depending on the game situation. Handball is characterized by varied and unexpected ball passes from different provisions: with one or two hands, top, side. Taking part in the game, an athlete, in order to reach the goal of the opposing team, each time overcomes a distance of up to 30m, and in order to get ahead of the players of the opposing team, it is necessary not only to run fast, but also to combine running with the implementation of such techniques as passing, dribbling and throwing the ball. To throw the ball into the goal, you need to have a certain strength training, which develops in the process of both the game itself and the exercises performed in educational and training sessions.

During the match, a field player covers a distance of 6,000 meters with the help of different ways movement and various, including with maximum speed; makes about 30 jumps; enters into active combat with opponents at least 40 times.

The intensity of the playing activity of handball players is constantly changing. The main zone of heart rate fluctuations is 156-162 beats / min. Pulse sum for 60 min. games reach 10,000 strokes, energy consumption is 1,200 kcal; and weight loss is 2-4 kg.

The motor activity of a handball goalkeeper has essential features. The main components of his game are movements, lunges, swinging arms and legs, passing the ball. The active phases of the goalkeeper's activity last as long as the opponent is in possession of the ball. After a missed or deflected throw, the goalkeeper passes the ball to his teammates and, a relatively passive phase of his game begins. The phase rotation in the goalkeeper's game occurs mainly every 10-50 seconds. The heart rate of a handball goalkeeper during a match ranges from 120 to 175 beats / min. The total amount of heartbeats per game reaches 8000-9000 beats.

1.2 Basic rules of the game

Rice. 1. Playground

1. The playground (Fig. 1) is rectangular, 40 m long and 20 m wide. consists of a playing area and two goalkeeper areas. The longitudinal lines of the court are called side lines, and the transverse lines are called front lines.

2. The gate (Fig. 2) is in the center of the endline. They must be firmly attached to the site, and have internal dimensions: height 2m. width 3m. the goals must have a net that is suspended in such a way that the ball thrown into the goal cannot immediately jump out of it.

3. The goalkeeper's area is placed as follows: in front of the goal at a distance of 6m. parallel to the goal line, a 3 m long line is drawn, to which two quarters of a circle with a radius of 6 m adjoin on both sides, drawn from the inner edge of the goal posts. The line that delimits the goalkeeper's area is called the goalkeeper's area line.

4. The free throw line - the nine-meter line - is at a distance of 3m. parallel to the line of the goalkeeper's square.

5. The 7m free throw line is a 1m long mark that is drawn at a distance of 7m. from the back border of the goal line, in front of their center (middle), parallel to the end line.

6. At a distance of 4m. from the back edge of the goal line, in front of the center of the goal line, there is a free throw limit line, 15 cm long, parallel to the end line.

7. The middle line of the field connects the midpoints of the side lines.

8. At a distance of 4.5m. from the midline on both sides of it, there are two lines 15cm long. (perpendicular to the side line) directed towards the inside of the playing court. They constrain replacement lines.

9. The circumference of a woman's handball is 54-56 cm, a man's 58-60 cm. The weight of a woman's handball is 324-400 g, and that of a man's is 425-475 g.

The task of each team is to throw as many balls to the opponent as possible and not to let them into their own net. The total composition of the team at the competition is 12-14 people. The team that is directly involved in the game includes a goalkeeper and six field players, who alternate between attackers and defenders.

At the competition it is necessary to participate in the form established by the rules. Field players must have sports shoes, T-shirts with numbers on the back and chest and underpants with numbers. The goalkeeper can play in both short and long sweatpants. Only the goalkeeper's jersey must necessarily differ in color from the uniform of the field players. Each player needs to get their own game number.

The referee must have his own uniform, which is different from the clothes of the players. He must have a whistle and a stopwatch to control the time of play, a yellow and red card to warn and punish players, to record these penalties and the number of goals scored. The duties of a judge are manifold. He whistles the signal to start and end the game, to score a goal and fixes the violation of the rules of the game.

In handball, there are three clear rules that largely determine the course of the game and which must be learned right away.

The first is the three second rule. Without performing any action, the player has the right to hold the ball in his hands for no more than 3 seconds.

The second is the three-step rule. With the ball in hand, you can take no more than 3 steps.

The third is the rule of three meters. If a player puts the ball into play, the opposing team must be at least 3 meters away from him.

During the game, you can throw, catch, hit, push, stop the ball in any way, touching it with any part of the body, excluding the legs below the knee. It is allowed to play the ball while kneeling, sitting or lying down.

After catching, having made no more than three steps with the ball in hand, you can hit it on the ground, then dribble the ball with one hand or alternately with one or the other, but as soon as the ball is caught, after 3 steps or after 3 seconds it must be passed partner or throw into the opponent's goal. Passing or throwing can also be done after the first and second steps.

A step is considered made if the leg is lifted off the support and placed again. If more than three steps are taken with the ball in hand, then there will be a run, for which the ball is passed to the opponents. After dribbling and catching, dribble cannot be performed again. This is called a double dribble and is also penalized with an opponent's free throw.

You cannot dribble with both hands at the same time, hit the ball with a fist, pass the ball from hand to hand, perform a second dribble, or fall on the ball. You cannot lean on the player, pushing him to another place in order to create an advantageous position for yourself even after the ball is kicked back and, moreover, from acceleration to bump into the player or jump on him.

Only the goalkeeper is allowed to stop the ball with his feet in the goal area, provided that the ball goes into the goal. Handball is played with your hands, and if you touch the ball with your foot, the referee will take the ball and give it to the opposing team. And in case of deliberate kicking, the referee will remove from the court for unsportsmanlike behavior.

Field players must not step on the line of the goalkeeper's area, enter this area, touch any part of the body when the ball is in hand. You cannot throw the ball into your goalkeeper's area. In this case, if the ball goes into the goal and is stopped by the goalkeeper, the referee will award a free throw. You cannot take the ball lying motionless or rolling over the goalkeeper's area.

The main goal of the game is the ball (goal) thrown into the goal. It counts if the ball completely crosses the goal line.

The defender can steal or intercept the ball if the opponent does not firmly own it (dribbles, passes the ball, etc.). It is allowed to stand in the path of the enemy's movement, block him with his body. In the fight for the ball, it is forbidden to snatch and knock the ball away from the opponent when he firmly holds it with one or both hands.

It is forbidden to hold the opponent, hug, push or endanger in any other way. For example, he puts a footboard. You can not push in the back, hold the attacker by the shirt and underpants, go in to protect the goal in the area of your goalkeeper. Well, and the capture of the opponent's hand during a throw at goal is penalized with a seven-meter throw.

No field player is allowed to enter the goalkeeper's square. The owner of the square is the goalkeeper, whose task is not to let the ball into his own net. The goalkeeper can hit the balls flying into the goal in his area with his hands, feet, knees, even his head. If the ball is stopped by the goalkeeper or overstepped the goal line after the attacker's throw, the goalkeeper must pass the ball to his players from any place in his area.

A goalkeeper without the ball can leave his area and become an additional field player, and he is subject to all the general rules of the game. But if a field player - a defender, being in the goalkeeper's area, simply intercepts the ball going into the goal, he will immediately be punished with a free throw.

The goalkeeper is prohibited from leaving his area with the ball, to touch the ball that is behind the line of his area. For this violation, the referee will punish him with a free throw. And of course, the ball that is in the field cannot be brought into its own area. This violation will be penalized with a free throw.

The goalkeeper can also directly from his area, holding the ball after the attacker's throw, throw it into the opponent's goal. If it hits, the goal is scored.

In total, there are three types of punishment in handball for breaking the rules: free throw, free throw and removal from the field of the player. For minor violations, regardless of where they were committed, a free throw is awarded, which is performed without the referee's whistle. To do this, the player with the ball takes the place of the violation and, without taking one foot off the floor, passes the ball to a partner or throws it directly into the goal. If the time of the game is over and a free throw is assigned, then it is made on the whistle. The defenders also stand no closer than 3 meters from the player with the ball and can all put up the wall, since the player with the ball can only throw into the goal in this case.

If the player grossly violated the rules at the moment when the attacker had a real opportunity to score a goal, the referee assigns a free throw towards the goal of the offending person. In many cases, when a rule is violated and rudeness is shown, a double penalty can be applied: the removal of the player and the appointment of a free throw. Here everything is decided by the judge, who determines the degree of guilt of the offender.

The heaviest handball penalty is a free throw, which is taken one-on-one with the goalkeeper unprotected. It can be performed by any player on the team, including the goalkeeper. You need to put your foot to the free throw line and, without taking your foot off the court, after the referee's whistle, make a throw within three seconds. During the throw, the players of both teams must be behind the free-throw line, at least 3 m from the player with the ball.

For violation of the rules of the game, the culprit may first be warned by showing a yellow card. For a gross violation - removed from the court for 2 minutes, and the team will play in the minority. If a player was sent off twice for 2 minutes in one game, then for the third time he will be disqualified with the loss of the right to enter the court after serving his sentence.

For exceptional rudeness, the referee may disqualify the handball player until the end of the game, but instead of him, after a 2-minute penalty, another may enter the game, and if the referee assesses the player's behavior as unsportsmanlike, he will send him off the court without the right to substitute.

If the ball goes out of the sideline, a shot from the sideline is awarded. You need to put your foot on the side line in the place where the ball went out of the court and, without lifting your supporting leg, pass the ball to any partner.

It is difficult to conduct an active defense, closely guarding the players and avoiding mistakes. The rules prescribe severe punishment for rude people. A red card was introduced without warning if the violation went beyond what was permitted. The new paragraphs of the rules provide for an increase in the pace of the game due to the quick introduction of the ball into the game after a goal is scored. The time of the course of the match stops only when a penalty kick is assigned, when a player is injured, when a player is sent off the field. The coach may take two minute breaks per game to talk to the players, one in each half. This increased the duration of the match, but created a net play time.

Inventory and floor coverings have a significant impact on the development of the game. High quality modern court surfaces, the small size of the ball made it possible to master various methods of throwing and passing, which, in turn, enriched tactics.

2. Technique of the game

The competitive activity of handball players presupposes the possession of a whole system of motor actions (techniques) that ensure the achievement of both private, momentary game goals, and general sports performance... The term "technique" means a system of movements aimed at solving the same type of game problems. The basic techniques of handball include: standing, moving, catching, passing, dribbling, knocking out, throwing the ball and blocking. All this aggregate is united by the concept of "playing technique".

The variety of game situations in which a particular technique is used, determines the presence of various ways of its implementation. Each of the methods is characterized, first of all, by a relatively stable basis of the motor structure - kinematic, dynamic, rhythmic, anatomical. The kinematic structure reveals the form of movements in space and time. Dynamic - specifies what forces and how they act at the time of the technique. The rhythmic structure is expressed by the dimension of the elements of a technique in terms of efforts in time and space. Anatomical structure - determines the nature of the interaction of the muscles involved in the performance of the reception and the mode of their work.

The very concept of "technique of performing a technique" denotes the most rational structure of movements aimed at solving a specific game problem.

The classification of handball techniques is their subordinate distribution into sections and groups based on certain principles. The latter include: the affiliation of the technique (competitive activity of a field player or goalkeeper) and its direction (for attack or defense of the goal). The general classification scheme of handball techniques can be represented as follows (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Classification of handball techniques

2.1 Fielder attack technique

Racks the handball player is usually considered as rational positions of the players. They serve as a kind starting position to perform most of the game actions. Of the significant variety of postures taken by athletes during the game, the striker and defender stances are distinguished.

The main stance of the attacker is characterized by spaced apart at a distance of 30-40 cm and slightly bent in knee joints feet. Moreover, one leg is put forward and its heel is at the level of the toe behind the standing one. The body is slightly inclined forward. The arms are bent at the elbow joints, the hands are in front of you at the level of the abdomen, palms inward. Head straight. The weight of the body is evenly distributed over the front of the feet of the forelegs.

Moving. to move around the court, the handball player uses walking, running, jumping. With the help of these techniques, the player chooses a place to interact with partners, frees himself from the guardianship of defenders, moves from one half of the field to another, prepares for a throw.

Walking the usual and side steps are used by handball players to change positions. In the game, you have to move with your face, back forward and sideways.

Run - the main means of transportation. It is necessary to be able to run on both toes and full feet. To achieve maximum speed, you need to accelerate on your toes, and in order to create a stable position for receiving the ball in motion, you need to lower yourself to a full foot. Such a run is necessary both for making a turn, in order to change the direction of movement, and for outplaying the opponent when he gets in the way (Fig. 4).

Stop after running, you can do it by putting one leg forward for braking, or jump up and put both legs out. In both cases, it is necessary to bend the legs in order to stop the movement of the whole body forward and ensure that you can continue running in any direction.

Rice. 4. Running in a zigzag

Jumping are needed by a handball player for catching high and far flying balls, and when passing the ball, and when throwing into the goal. You can push off with one or two legs, depending on the need.

2.2 Ball possession technique

Catching the ball. You can catch the ball with one or two hands. All actions in the game are possible only if you are firmly in possession of the ball. Sometimes the efforts of the players of the whole team are wasted when the player did not catch the ball, and he passed because of this to the enemy.

Rice. 5. Capturing the ball when catching with both hands

Catching with two hands the ball flying towards the middle level (on the chest) is performed as follows. You need to stretch your arms to the ball, do not strain your hands and slightly turn your palms downward, fingers are freely spaced (Fig. 5). As soon as the ball approaches the required distance, palms must be brought together, grab the ball with your fingers and pull it to your chest, bending your arms.

When catching a high flying ball and bouncing off the platform, the thumbs need to be brought closer together a little more than when catching a straight one. And when catching a ball that is flying low and rolling on the court, turn your palms towards the ball so that the little fingers are almost touching.

If the ball flies from the side, then you do not need to turn your whole body towards it. It is necessary to stretch out your arms towards the flying ball, without turning your pelvis, but only slightly turning your shoulders and head. This will help maintain the pace of movement, a good view of the court and a quick pass to the other side.

Observe the following for all fishing methods:

2) stretch your arms towards the ball;

3) move towards the ball;

4) keep your hands and fingers relaxed until they touch the ball;

5) grab the ball with your fingers, not your palms;

6) after grabbing the ball, bend your arms to absorb the impact;

7) after catching the ball, be ready to cover it from a nearby opponent.

Passing the ball - this is the main technique for ensuring the interaction of partners. To pass the ball, you need to swing and disperse the ball towards your partner.

A swing is a move of the hand with the ball up and back or to the side to back for the subsequent acceleration of the ball forward. In this case, it is important that you hold the ball in one hand with a grip with your fingers or without a grip. If you hold the ball, firmly grabbing it with your fingers, you can swing it behind your head, behind your back, in front of you in any direction. This will increase the choice of the transmission direction and the duration of the swing.

The degree of torso rotation during the backswing depends on how hard you need to send the ball. For a long distance - a significant turn of the body and the arm is almost straight at the end of the swing; to the nearest one - it is possible without turning at all.

Handball players pass the ball mainly with one hand from a place and from a run.

If the ball is passed from a place, then the opposite leg should be put forward (if with the right hand, then the left leg) and the transfer will take place in support on two legs (two support position). You can run up with the ball in your hands, but you are allowed to take no more than three steps. Depending on what steps were in the takeoff run, the transmission can be in one-support and two-support positions. A detailed description of the takeoff run methods is presented in the "Throw" section.

Sometimes the ball is passed in a jump. To do this, at the moment of repulsion, a swing is made, and when the player is in the air - a transfer.

On the trajectory of the ball, a pass in any way can be straight, hinged and rebound. In a straight trajectory, the ball flies along the shortest distance to the partner. You can give the ball a hinged trajectory by directing it forward - up. For a correct bounce, the ball must be sent into the court so that it bounces at the level of the partner's belt, taking into account his movement speed. It is best to ensure that the ball hits about 1.5 meters from your partner's feet.

Dribbling - This is a technique that allows you to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance. Leading can be one-hit and multi-hit.

One-hit dribbling is performed as follows: after catching the ball, the player can take three steps with it in his hands, then sends it to the surface of the court. After catching the ball bouncing off the court, the handball player can again take three steps before sending it to a partner or throwing it into the goal.

Multi-hitting is performed in a slightly different way. Having caught the ball, the player takes three steps, then sends it to the surface of the court, but does not catch it, but continues to perform successive pushes of the ball into the court with the fingers of one hand. The push must be done by quickly pressing the ball from above (fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Multi-hit dribbling

To change the direction of movement, you need to change the place where the ball touches. To send the ball forward, you need to push the ball slightly from behind. To move to the left, fingers must touch the ball on the right, etc. A player can perform any number of such jerks, but, having caught the ball, he can take only three steps with it in his hands, then pass it to a partner or make a throw into the goal.

For all methods of conducting, the following rules must be observed:

1) move on a full foot on slightly bent legs;

2) push the ball with your fingers;

3) do not enslave the hand when it comes into contact with the ball;

4) make a push so that the ball bounces no higher than the belt;

5) control the ball with peripheral vision.

Ball throw - This is a technique that allows you to throw the ball into the goal, to achieve the result of the game. All other techniques are necessary to create conditions for the throw. When studying each move and especially the throw, it is important to consider it in phases. Moreover, the main attention must be focused first on the main phase of the movement, and only then on the details and variety of the preparatory one.

It is customary to highlight the throws in the supporting position, in the jump and in the fall... But in order to master any of the above movements, you need to understand how the ball accelerates.

When swinging, the handball player must pull the arm back so that its main muscles are stretched and tense, which increases the traction of the muscles with the next forward movement of the arm. An up-back swing is best for this. With the reverse movement of the hand forward, the ball accelerates.

The arm consists of several links: shoulder, forearm, hand. The sequence in which these links move forward determines the "strength" of the throw, or rather the speed with which the ball will fly out of the hand. It is important that first the shoulder is in front (this means that the hand moves with the elbow forward), then the forearm, and only at the end of the hand. When the weight of the hand decreases (after all, the shoulder and forearm stop sequentially), the speed of movement of the hand with the ball increases many times.

The ball leaves the hand when it is in an almost straight position above the head (throw from above) or to the side of the body (throw from the side). The trajectory of the ball into the goal can be different. You can send the ball directly into the goal, or you can first go to the court so that it hits the goal from the rebound.

The ball can be sent straight into the goal along four paths: a) hinged, b) descending, c) horizontal, d) ascending.

You can send the ball first to the court in front of the goal, so that it bounces off it and into the goal. Depending on how it hits the floor, there are three types of rebound: a) reflected, b) sliding, c) with rotation.

If you hit the ball hard from top to bottom, you get a high bounce (as if reflected). In this case, you need to aim at the site 1-1.5 meters from the goal line. If you, while accelerating the ball from the side, release it at a level below the belt and send it into the court, then the ball will slip past the goalkeeper (sliding rebound). In this case, aim as close to the bar as possible. At the end of the acceleration, you can twist the ball by piercing or supening the palm. Then the rebound will turn out with the rotation of the ball, that is, after the rebound, it will change direction.

Throw in support position. A throw in the support position in handball can be done from the spot, but more often it is performed with a running start, which has several varieties and significantly affects the technique of performing this technique. The takeoff run is no more than three steps with the ball in hand.

The last step in the takeoff run can be normal and stopping.

Rice. 7. Throw with a running start with normal steps when accelerating the ball in a single support position

In this regard, the throw is performed with support on one (Fig. 7) or both legs (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Throw with a running start with a cross step with acceleration of the ball in a two-support position

To throw the ball when acceleration occurs in a single support position, the takeoff run is performed in normal steps. It is necessary to start the run in three steps with the right foot. Step right, then left, holding the ball in two or one hands, then right again, and at this moment you need to swing. With this take-off run and backswing with the ball, and the forward acceleration of the ball is carried out with support on one right leg. To increase the speed and accuracy of the throw at the end of the acceleration of the ball, you need to sharply bring your left leg forward, as if towards your right hand, in order to use the oncoming pair of forces. Gradually, you need to throw, after catching the ball, a run-up in two, and then just one step.

For the shot when the ball is accelerating in two support positions, thanks to the stopping last step in the takeoff run, you need to firmly rest with both feet on the surface of the platform and, which is very important, slow down the movement of the body forward.

Takeoff run in three steps with a cross second step starts from the left leg. Then, turning sideways to the direction of movement, step with the right and swing, and then quickly place the left foot and start accelerating the ball forward (Fig. 6). The first step must be taken calmly, you can hold the ball in two hands. But the second and third very quickly one after the other, almost together, not forgetting to swing. As soon as the left leg is in front and touches the ground (two support positions), the ball accelerates and the throw is completed.

When throwing with a stopping last step, the following rules must be observed:

1. The movement of the legs during the take-off run should be ahead of the movement of the shoulder girdle, it is necessary to slightly throw back the shoulders.

2. It is necessary to choose the optimal take-off speed, not the maximum one, in order to have time to complete all the necessary preparatory movements to accelerate the ball (put your feet firmly, swing wide).

3. It is necessary to observe the rhythm of the run: slow first step and fast second and third steps.

4. It is necessary to sharply and consistently slow down the movements of the legs, pelvis, trunk, elbow. This will allow you to consistently transfer the amount of movement accumulated during the run, from the lower to the upper parts of the body and to the hand with the ball.

5. It is necessary to complete the throw by straightening the left supporting leg when the left leg, torso and arm with the ball are close to the vertical.

Jumping throw... A jump shot is used in cases when it is necessary to quickly leave the guardianship, eliminate blocking by sending the ball over the hands of defenders, reduce the distance to the goal, and increase the angle of the throw in relation to the goal.

A handball player spends less time on preparing a jump throw than on a throw in a pivot position. The runways during this throw are the same, but they have a different task - to increase the height and length of the jump. In flight, you need to perform preparatory movements to maintain an upright position. Otherwise, the throw will simply not take place.

Putting your right foot on the platform, even before pushing off, you need to sharply raise the bent left one forward - up (Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Jumping technique

Starting the acceleration of the ball forward, the right swing leg must be lowered down - backward, and the supporting left leg must be put forward in order to land on it. First, leg efforts are developed in opposite directions (swing forward, pushing back), then the swing leg (lowered down) and the supporting leg (extended forward), and, finally, the counter movement of the throwing arm and supporting leg, extended forward for landing. Counter forces are created, which balance the player in an unsupported position. The main thing is to ensure that the main acceleration of the ball falls on the period of the completion of the movement with the legs.

Drop throw... This throw is used to instantly evade a defender who is in close proximity. Often the throw is performed without any running start. The very important thing here is the fall itself before the player performs the swing (fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Technique of throw in a fall with landing on hands

This is precisely the escape from the defender. After all, the fall can be performed while facing, sideways and even with your back to the goal.

The degree of inclination of the body when falling to a swing depends entirely on the skill of the player. The swing should be done sharply, with a turn towards the throwing hand, so that, bending over, increase the path of dispersal of the ball, better see and beat the goalkeeper. Basically, the swing is performed upward - backward, and the ball is thrown from above.

The most important thing in this throw is the ability to land. It can be done in several ways.

1. Landing on hands. Having sent the ball in the right direction, the handball player lowers first onto his free hand, and then onto the thrower. The entire weight of the body falls on the hands. Some players, after landing on their arms, bend them, lower them along the body and slide along the platform on the chest. Some, on the contrary, do not bend their arms, but do a somersault - a roll over the shoulder.

2. Landing on the leg and arms. After pushing off, the supporting leg can be brought forward. After releasing the ball, the landing first goes to the outside of the foot of the left foot, and then to the hands, which softens the blow with the hands.

3. Landing on the trunk. It is necessary when falling to the side, when you need to beat the defender. Pushing off with the same-named leg, first the landing goes on the hip, then on the side and, finally, on the back.

Penalty Shot... This throw is performed only from the spot. In this case, you cannot tear off one supporting leg before the ball is released. You can shoot while remaining upright and then falling.

From a stand with one foot in front or after a step backward, you can perform a normal throw from a place, accelerating the ball in two support positions.

From a stand on one left leg, you need to swing with your right hand and at the same time swing right foot forward, bent at the knee. When accelerating the ball, you need to balance yourself with a swing with your right foot downward backward.

From a stand on one or two feet, you can throw in a fall, but make sure that the foot leaves the support after the ball is released.

2.3 Fielder Defense Technique

Displacement technique. Defending their gates by all legal means, defenders must move quickly around the court, unexpectedly changing pace and direction. To successfully fulfill the function of a defender, each player must master rack.

Rack is needed with a large area of support and on slightly bent legs, for quick movement in defense, and looks like this: forearm of the same name from the front standing foot the hands are directed forward, the hand is extended with the palm forward and downward. The other arm is also bent at the elbow joint, set aside, the forearm is directed forward and up, palm forward, fingers are slightly apart. The hand is at the level of the head. As the case may be, outfield players use left-handed (left foot in front) or right-handed stances.

The attackers in handball act assertively, go to the goal at high speed. Therefore, the defenders have to constantly expose their bodies instead of the obstacles. In handball, it is allowed to stand in the way of any player, and even rest against him with his hands. Only in this case it is impossible to make an oncoming movement and push the opponent away.

The technique of countering and mastering the ball. Blocking player - it is blocking the path of the attacking player. You need to quickly approach him and stand opposite so that he cannot go to the side. At the same time, you can touch it with your chest, push it back, excluding the possibility of interacting with partners.

If the attacker is carrying the ball, then you must not only push him back, but also make sure that he does not pass the ball into a comfortable position to another attacker. And for this, with the near hand, you must try to block the opponent's hand with the ball. To do this, you can simply rest on her or on the shoulder, depriving the attacker of the opportunity to pass the ball and even more so to throw it into the goal.

In order for the player to not be able to walk past to the side, the other hand can be placed on his chest, on the other shoulder, or simply kept to the side tense. If he moves past, then the exposed hand will be an obstacle. Only you can't wrap your hand around it. This is already a mistake.

Blocking the ball is an obstruction of the ball's path. First of all, you need to determine the direction of flight of the ball. Next, you immediately need to raise your hand or both hands and put an obstacle out of them. It is important that the hands are tense at the moment of contact with the ball, it is necessary to make a counter movement with the hands. The hands must be especially tense in order to withstand the impact of the ball. Fingers must be closed in order to strengthen the obstacle and not get injured.

Kicking the ball - not an easy trick. The task of the defender is not only to block the path of the ball, but it is equally important to take possession of it. If the player is holding the ball, then it cannot be knocked out. But you can knock the ball out when the attacker lowers it into the surface of the court while dribbling. Having approached the distance from which it is possible to reach the ball bouncing off the court, the player must extend his hand and hit the ball with his fingers (fig. 9). Kicking can be performed from the front, from the side or from behind and is carried out with an open palm while the ball is between the attacker's hand and the court. It is best to plan in advance where to send the ball. Naturally to where the partner is.

2.4 Goalkeeper technique

Moving technique . Don't let the ball into the goal and organize a counterattack - these are the main tasks of the goalkeeper. His technique is unique, it incorporates all possible movements that only he is able to use as an obstacle to the ball.

The main movements of the goalkeeper are smooth movements in the goal to select a position, fast movements, jumps, dashes and lunges, acceleration, deceiving and holding the ball, swinging arms and legs, catching and passing the ball.

Rack ... In the goalkeeper's game, the stance takes on a special meaning. After all, defending the goal, he has to react to a flying ball, having only a fraction of a second left. And for this he needs to very quickly put his legs and arms to the flying ball. The readiness stand helps. Meeting the ball in the center of the gate, the goalkeeper cannot afford to stand on a full foot. He needs to take a position on bent legs at an angle of 160-170 degrees, comfortably spaced 30-40 cm. The weight of the body must be evenly distributed on both legs with support on the forefoot. Spread your arms slightly bent to the sides, turn your palms forward. This is the position of the goalkeeper when he is in the center of the goal and prepares to reflect the balls thrown from the central positions (Diagram 12).

To deflect balls thrown from extreme positions, you have to take another stance. Here the goalkeeper, being at the barbell corresponding to the attacker's direction of attack, can stand on straight legs, the heaviness of the body is mostly on the leg closest to the bar, the hand closest to the bar must be raised up, slightly bent, the palm is placed above the head, the far one is slightly bent arm take aside (fig. 13).

The goalkeeper in the field and in the goalkeeper's court moves in the same way as the players on the field. But at the gate, his movements are special.

The goalkeeper needs to be in such a position at the goal as to obstruct the spaces as much as possible. To do this, he needs to move with additional steps from the barbell to the barbell along an imaginary arc, which in the center is 1 m away from the goal line.

Ball catching technique . Holding the ball - This is a technique that allows the goalkeeper to change the direction of the ball flying into the goal after the attacker's throw.

You can hold the ball with one or two hands, even with one or two legs, body. The ball flying at the knee level and below, and sometimes at the waist level, is held by the goalkeeper with his feet, the upper and side - with his hands, the ball flying directly at the goalkeeper, with his shoulder, torso or with both hands.

With two feet you can hold the ball flying at your feet. To do this, you need to jump forward on straight legs along the surface of the site to a distance of up to 1 meter, close your feet, substitute them under the ball and tell it the opposite direction of movement.

Rice. 14. Holding the ball in a swing

One foot the ball can be caught in several ways. If the ball is flying at knee level, then a swing or lunge hold should be applied. If he flies very low and at the very bar, then it would be quite reasonable to be caught in the twine.

Holding the ball stroke, the goalkeeper starts the movement with the abduction of the hip, the lower leg is slightly behind. At the same time, it makes a repulsion with the other leg in the same direction. It is necessary to calculate the force of the push so that the ball can be received inside feet, while maintaining the vertical position of the body. It is better if one or two hands will insure the rebound of the ball from the leg (fig. 14).

Holding the ball in lunge produced quite often. To do this, you need to quickly put your foot, blocking the path of the ball, so that the shin is almost perpendicular to the surface of the court (fig. 15). Turn the stop perpendicular to the direction of the ball's flight. Take the ball on any part of the foot or lower leg. Depending on the width of the lunge, keep the torso upright or obliquely towards the lunge.

Application twine allows you to catch balls flying into the lower corners of the goal. It is necessary to reflect the ball with an outstretched leg, any part of it. Using a good stretch, you can do a full split, if you lack flexibility, you can hold the ball in a "half split" with support on one knee (fig. 16).

Rice. 16. Holding the ball in the split

With two hands holding the ball can be done by placing your hands above and below. Receiving the ball from the top, the goalkeeper blocks the path of the ball with closed hands with palms turned forward, and from below the ball is received on any part of the arms, straightened downward.

With one hand the ball can be held from above, below, from the side, depending on the position of the hand at the moment of meeting the ball. The technique is performed on the spot or with movement, most often with a jump in the direction of the flight of the ball. Pushing off the leg farthest from the ball, the nearest swing is made in the direction of movement, which contributes to the fastest movement.

You can take the ball with any part of your hand. At the same time, it is very important where they decided to send the ball: leave it in the court or hit it out of the goal. If it is possible to leave the ball near you in the goalkeeper's court, the ball must be directed to the surface of the court by turning the palm downward - inward, and if you are not sure that the ball will be able to be held near you, or it flies high enough, you must hit it out of the goal.

Sometimes the ball flies into the goal hanging trajectory... To hold such a ball flying behind the goalkeeper's back, it is necessary to turn about 90 degrees, take a wide step behind the flying ball and hit it in a jump with one hand, preferably with a fist .

3. Game tactics

Tactics of the game is one of the leading structural components of the training of handball players. Moreover, with the growth of sports qualifications, the importance of tactical literacy for the successful conduct of competitive wrestling increases significantly. However, this particular section of handball, due to its particular complexity and versatility, is considered the least developed up to the present time. First of all, attention is drawn to the large number of available definitions of the concept itself tactics and a very wide range of interpretation of its meaning. It seems to us the most rational to consider handball tactics as a section of the game theory that characterizes the probability of achieving the desired result with different lines of behavior in specific conditions. Simply put, this is a system of special knowledge about the laws of wrestling. The content of the regularities themselves is the cause-and-effect relationship between the specific characteristics of competitive situations and the possible lines of behavior of the players.

The main practical elements of tactics are:

1. Variants of competitive actions, conditioned by the logic of wrestling;

2. Methods of rational distribution of forces during the match;

3. Techniques of psychological influence on the opponent and disguise of true intentions.

In the most tactical action, it is customary to distinguish three phases:

1. Perception and analysis of the game situation;

2. Mental solution of a tactical problem;

3. Motor realization of the motor solution.

The classification of handball tactics is based on the degree of complexity and scale of game actions, as well as their affiliation and target orientation. IN general view it can be represented by the following diagram (fig. 17). It should be noted that both group and team tactics of both attack and defense are based on the concerted actions of individual athletes, i.e. contain in their composition individual actions that are fundamental.

Rice. 17. General classification scheme for handball tactics

3.1 Fielder attack tactics

Offense is the main and most active type of tactical action. In an attack, the ability to orientate is especially important, because the player, when in possession of the ball, is constantly opposed by both the defender and the goalkeeper.

Individual actions. Individual actions of the fielder - the attacker presupposes the ability not only to correctly choose the appropriate position on the court, the beginning and direction of the attack, but also the choice of a technique or a combination of techniques and their application in a given game situation.

Application of the ball pass . The rules for applying the transfer are to take into account some game situations. Be sure to take into account the partner's position, the speed and direction of his movement, the proximity of the guardian player, atmospheric conditions. In strong winds, for example, do not use long-range gears, on wet ground, rebound gears, etc.

The transmissions can be divided into translational, accompanying and oncoming... With forward passes, the ball is passed from partner to partner, regardless of whether they are both in place or in parallel movement. With oncoming passes, the ball goes to the partner moving towards the meeting. In the presence of accompanying persons - the ball catches up with the partner.

Application of dribbling . Leading should be applied, without fail setting a specific task of using this technique: to circle the defender and attack the gate; using dribbling, get as close as possible to the goalkeeper's zone for the final throw; to force several defenders to patronize themselves, then to give the ball to complete the attack to a non-custodial partner.

...

I run in a dream: we interpret the meanings in various dream books

If you want to know why you dream of running in a dream, then you had a similar dream. By the way, many in a dream "run" or "try to run" - in this you are not alone. To unravel the dream, remember the details and familiarize yourself with the interpretations of different dream books.

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Any action, no matter what one has to do with a dream, symbolizes the positive thoughts of the sleeping person, speaks of his active life position.

All actions that are performed with special enthusiasm are harbingers of success and happy circumstances.

When a person does something through force, this vision indicates that in real life he is opposed by some acquaintance who presses on the sleeping person with his negative positions. As the dream book points out, doing something in a dream is a sign of well-being and achievement of all life plans.

A vision in which a person is cleaning up indicates that the latter has accumulated a sufficient number of unresolved problems. They must be gradually brought to life, otherwise the sleeper may get confused in his life aspirations.

Why dream about order after cleaning, which pleases the eye? Such a vision foreshadows the happiness and joy of a person from his actions and aspirations. If you feel your pleasure in a dream, then this state indicates a full realization of all the virtues of life.

Dreams of how cleaning is done for a long time and measuredly - it promises that a person will have to work hard and make a lot of his own efforts in reality to reach the desired heights.

Doing cleaning through force and without desire - the spiritual contradictions of the sleeping person often interfere with him in the implementation of his goals. A person does not have enough determination or support from comrades to translate everything conceived into a reality.

If a young woman dreams of doing wet cleaning, then this speaks of her desire to procreate, but at the moment something is preventing her from realizing her plan.
Wet cleaning with a dirty rag portends health problems that need to be addressed in a timely manner.
Cleaning, which is performed with a washing vacuum cleaner, directly indicates that the problems are hidden in the relationship with the spouse.
If, after cleaning, you dream about cleanliness and comfort in the house, then for a woman this is a sign of the fulfillment of conceived desires and an imminent addition to the family.

Tidying up in a closet in a dream. For a woman, this vision indicates her natural attractiveness. Such a dream foreshadows her early elimination of all pressing problems and a happy coincidence of life's circumstances.

The same vision for a man is a harbinger of his masculine strength. He enjoys the attention of the entire female sex, which he is proud of and very pleased with.

In a dream, doing any kind of sport is much easier and easier, while a person does not feel real fatigue. If playing sports brings joy and a feeling of inner comfort, then this indicates that a person in real life has reached great heights and fully enjoys his present position, and any changes are unpleasant to him.

When you dream that playing sports gives a feeling of fatigue even in a dream, then this is a harbinger of a decline in vitality. The sleeper needs to rest and get a little distracted from active image life.

Going in for sports, which is unusual for a person and becomes a novelty for him, is a symbol of the fact that in reality a person often has to solve ambiguous tasks that cause bewilderment to others.

Why dream of doing sports in the fresh air? Such a vision is very beneficial for a person. Even a simple warm-up in the fresh air indicates financial wealth and complete satisfaction in life.
Why dream of doing sports in the gym? A closed room symbolizes small problems associated with colleagues or with a family partner.
If the room is clean and comfortable, then sleep indicates a positive solution to all problems that arise.
A dirty floor and ragged walls in the gym portend health problems.

Strength training predicts that a person should try a little to achieve the cherished achievement.

When, after sports activities, the sleeper feels an increase in vitality, then in real life this indicates his high achievements. He follows the right path, only faithful people are surrounded, the person is completely happy and satisfied with his fate.

Everything sports activities, which are associated with running, personify the sleeper's desire for something. The interpretation of the dream depends on what achievement the exercise ends with.

Why do you see yourself running alone? Such a dream indicates that a person relies only on his personal strength and does not trust others and only solves all problems himself.

If running exercises give comfortable sensations, then the sleeper is completely satisfied with his position in life.
In the event that the running is performed with intermittent movements and the sleeping person gets tired of this sport, it means that in reality he lacks moral support from faithful comrades and sincere friends.
Jogging with someone or a group of strangers is a harbinger of joyful events in life.
Receiving an award for a running competition is a symbol of good mood and the fulfillment of your dreams.

Running competitions represent the degree of superiority of the sleeper over other people. If he wins competitions in a dream, then joy and success await him. Failure to compete predicts self-doubt that the sleeper can handle.

Run a race with a person who in reality is an opponent and a rival portends a complete victory:

If a man in love sees a dream, then for him this vision is a sign of romantic victories.
Careerists can interpret such a vision as achieving heights in the working sphere of life.
Women have such a dream when they achieve a certain success in reality.

Running along a long and even path is a sign of a long life path and health. If the track curves, and the runner stumbles, then the dreamer will have to find the right path in life from several options, which will be successful and positive.

Dream interpretation: doing sports in a dream

It is easier to do sports in a dream than in reality. No fatigue, no injury. You can become a champion in any sport, the most unexpected. Moreover, thanks to such a dream, to find out what is to be experienced in the near future. If this dream is correctly interpreted.

Why dream, go in for sports, it is not so easy to interpret. The explanation of a dream depends on many factors: what kind of sport, where you are, who is around, training or competition. The plot of the dream is of great importance.

It is very important whether you had to deal with the dreamed view or do you have nothing to do with it? If sports activities were related to the past, there is one interpretation of sleep. At the present time, you have something to do with her - something else.

You can start explaining sports dreams by taking that dream book, doing any sport in which it has a general interpretation, regardless of the storylines. If a dream was dreamed on a weekday, it will mean that others neglect opinion, absolutely do not take into account desires, constantly subordinate. Sports sleep tries to open the eyes of the one who is dreaming about his position among those around him.

For those who never came close to gym and neglects physical exercise, such a dream tries to hint: it's time to increase physical activity. Otherwise, an unhealthy lifestyle will affect your health.

I dreamed that you were at sports competitions as spectators. For those who are constant cheerleaders, sleep means absolutely nothing. The rest of such a dream should be perceived as a hint of inertia. Both in life position and in work, in love relationship... It's time to take your own life into your own hands and make your own decisions.

Why did you dream about doing a barbell in a dream? You should not be so arrogant, it will not lead to good. A girl in a dream participates in a swimming competition. Soon she will meet a new love, and the old one will be forgotten easily, without emotional torment.

A dream book compiled for housewives is at hand. In a dream they have to do ... fencing. Explain the dream depending on the storyline.

Being a beginner on the track requires getting ready for the good news. Sitting on the podium among the fans, applauding your athlete who wins - to have reliable support in life. The most difficult battle is to win - you can start a new business, it will be profitable. To win a serious tournament in this form - in a couple of weeks there will definitely be a patron who will provide someone from the family with success in business for a long time. Such a dream is especially good for the wives of sales workers.

Next dream book. He invites the elderly to play sports in a dream. Such a plot guarantees people over an older age a long life, if they are sick - a speedy recovery and successful rehabilitation.

It is best to remember what you were doing in a dream specifically. Group sport - those around you will help to survive. The sport is purely personal and the classes take place in the fresh air - you will need to make your own efforts to achieve progress.

If you dream that you are participating in a sport where you canoe, yacht and other devices, then the explanations for sleep depend not on the sport specifically, but on the weather. Calm water - sleep promises success, well-being. Storms - you need to wait for trouble in life. The boat capsized - you have to “go to the bottom” in real life. Not alone in the boat - to a good deal at work.

What portends?

I had to go in for sports on the tennis court in my sleep. The master of sleep in real life has nothing to do with tennis.

The court is open, the opponent is strong. Coming soon life path a patron will appear. The game takes place in the hall - a close friend will soon move up the career ladder. Others are playing - they dream that they need to serve the rolled balls. In the near future, the environment will change, and the new friends will be better than the old ones. To applaud in a crowd of admirers an idol who has only defeated a serious rival. In real life, you need to prepare to receive an award.

In any sport, in a dream, you turned out to be the winner of the Olympics - it's time to run to buy a lottery ticket. The payoff will be large.

What to expect if you dreamed that I was going in for sports, and the view was paired?

Badminton. To have a dream about double badminton for parents of young children is happiness. This suggests that babies will grow up to be successful personalities.

But a dream - to throw a shuttlecock on a racket alone - is unfavorable for those who saw it. The other half will constantly change, and you will have to endure it.

I dreamed of boxing - with any plot development, the dream is bad. You can expect loss, misfortune, any blow.

Any gymnastics: sports, rhythmic, morning - an unfavorable dream. To losses or minor troubles.

Dreams in which you are engaged in wrestling are interpreted in different ways. And as a future success in life, and vice versa, a warning that in the near future "will be thrown".

In a dream, I had to run. In a group of other athletes, such a dream suggests that they will be invited to a fun event, or they will give something large. Do you wind circles in your sleep alone? In real life, you will achieve great success, take high fast.

Why dream of playing sports if there is a professional athlete in life? In the event that a football player is dreaming about gymnastics, it is worth thinking about why such a dream. If the activity in the dream coincides with the real one, the dream is empty. And you don't need to think about what he dreamed about.

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What do popular dream books say about running in a dream?

You can find out the meaning of sleep by studying the interpretations of "proven" dream books. Let's find out the frequent transcripts of running in a dream.

Miller's dream book

If you dreamed that you were running not alone, but in the company of several people, then this is a sign that an event awaits you and soon you will find out that your well-being will increase and all your affairs will “go uphill”.

If you run in one, then in life you will overtake your friends in obtaining wealth and a fairly high place will be waiting for you on the social ladder.

If you fell or stumbled while "jogging", then in real life you can lose your reputation or go broke.

If you are trying to escape from danger, then expect loss in life. According to the interpretation of sleep, you will have to desperately struggle with this situation.

If in your dream someone is running away from someone, then you will be upset by the failures that will befall your friends.

In a dream, you ran after your spouse or wife - annoying society will weigh you down.

Dream interpretation of Wangi

In Vanga's dream book, you can find different interpretations of this dream. You can consider sleep as a signal of coming poverty, illness, loss, if the run was slow. A quick run in a dream can lead to the onset of unexpected happiness in reality, the appearance of pleasant surprises. If you run barefoot, you will lose money, be attentive to work and business.

The goal for which you ran in a dream is also important. If you are chasing a common man, then he becomes a symbol of financial loss. If you are chasing game, expect joy, especially when you achieve your goal.

If you are chasing your spouse, then you should think about the variety in family life.

Dream interpretation of Medea

If you are running away from a wild animal, forget about rash actions. Running away, you are saving yourself from the fire - you will have to take measures and you must definitely check your health. Save yourself from an attack - listen to your feelings.

If you are trying to reach a bus or plane, then realize your plan today. And if you are chasing a person, the daily race will be very tiring for you.

Freud's dream book

According to Freud's dream book, running in a dream means a symbol of sexual intimacy. If running brings joy in a dream, then you are in good physical and sexual shape.

If you are tired of running or you need to run in bad weather, you do not like having sex with your soul mate. You may not be aware of this at first, but you are already thinking about finding a new partner.

Dream interpretation of Solomon

According to this dream book, running means poverty and loss.

Dream Interpretation of the Wanderer

Sleep running signals stagnation in your activity, as well as the appearance of internal problems such as numbness in the legs, etc.

Women's dream book

According to the women's dream book, running after other people means that you are in a great hurry to get somewhere. The dream book also believes that soon you will have to take part in some interesting event.

Perhaps you will have significant success in business. And a lot depends on the atmosphere of sleep. For example, if you fell while running, expect financial problems. If you run alone, it means that you will be able to take an advantageous place in life. If you run away from danger, you lose hope of solving problems in the usual way. If not you, but someone is running away from danger, then warn the children in possible danger.

Finally

Try not to take the meaning of sleep to heart, perhaps "running in a dream" is not preparing something bad for you and a dream is just a dream. To find out whether this is true or not, carefully study the popular dream books, which are still in great demand, and follow further recommendations.

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In 1957, the All-Union section of handball players, which included Russia, was admitted to the IHF. Two years later, in 1959, it was renamed the All-Union Handball Federation. In connection with the collapse of the USSR in 1990, the Russian Handball Players Union (UGR) was formed.

In the period from 1959 to 1961, the country held competitions in both 11: 11 handball and 7: 7 handball. Only since 1962, by the decision of the Presidium of the All-Union Federation, all official competitions are held in handball 7: 7.

Until 1992, the Russian handball championships were held without the club teams of Moscow and St. Petersburg. During this period, more than 20 times, handball players from Krasnodar became champions of Russia, and the leading positions among women were held by the team "Rostselmash".

Since 1992, all teams of the republic have taken part in the Russian handball championships. The first winners of the combined championship were the handball players of the St. Petersburg “Neva”, and the women's handball players became the champions of the Volgograd “Rotor”.

Currently, the national teams of Russia are among the strongest in the world, being the winners and prize-winners of many of the largest international competitions... And Russian club teams participate quite successfully in European cup tournaments.

1.1 Characteristics of the game

2.1 Fielder attack technique

Racks the handball player is usually considered as rational positions of the players. They serve as a kind starting position to perform most of the game actions. Of the significant variety of postures taken by athletes during the game, the striker and defender stances are distinguished.

Moving. to move around the court, the handball player uses walking, running, jumping. With the help of these techniques, the player chooses a place to interact with partners, frees himself from the guardianship of defenders, moves from one half of the field to another, prepares for a throw.

Walking the usual and side steps are used by handball players to change positions. In the game, you have to move with your face, back forward and sideways.

Stop after running, you can do it by putting one leg forward for braking, or jump up and put both legs out. In both cases, it is necessary to bend the legs in order to stop the movement of the whole body forward and ensure that you can continue running in any direction.

Rice. 4. Running in a zigzag

Jumping are needed by a handball player for catching high and far flying balls, and when passing the ball, and when throwing into the goal. You can push off with one or two legs, depending on the need.

Rice. 5. Capturing the ball when catching with both hands

Observe the following for all fishing methods:

2) stretch your arms towards the ball;

3) move towards the ball;

4) keep your hands and fingers relaxed until they touch the ball;

5) grab the ball with your fingers, not your palms;

6) after grabbing the ball, bend your arms to absorb the impact;

Passing the ball - this is the main technique for ensuring the interaction of partners. To pass the ball, you need to swing and disperse the ball towards your partner.

The degree of torso rotation during the backswing depends on how hard you need to send the ball. For a long distance - a significant turn of the body and the arm is almost straight at the end of the swing; to the nearest one - it is possible without turning at all.

Handball players pass the ball mainly with one hand from a place and from a run.

Sometimes the ball is passed in a jump. To do this, at the moment of repulsion, a swing is made, and when the player is in the air - a transfer.

Dribbling - This is a technique that allows you to move with the ball around the court in any direction and at any distance. Leading can be one-hit and multi-hit.

Rice. 6. Multi-hit dribbling

For all methods of conducting, the following rules must be observed:

1) move on a full foot on slightly bent legs;

2) push the ball with your fingers;

3) do not enslave the hand when it comes into contact with the ball;

4) make a push so that the ball bounces no higher than the belt;

5) control the ball with peripheral vision.

It is customary to highlight the throws in the supporting position, in the jump and in the fall... But in order to master any of the above movements, you need to understand how the ball accelerates.

When swinging, the handball player must pull the arm back so that its main muscles are stretched and tense, which increases the traction of the muscles with the next forward movement of the arm. An up-back swing is best for this. With the reverse movement of the hand forward, the ball accelerates.

The ball can be sent straight into the goal along four paths: a) hinged, b) descending, c) horizontal, d) ascending.

You can send the ball first to the court in front of the goal, so that it bounces off it and into the goal. Depending on how it hits the floor, there are three types of rebound: a) reflected, b) sliding, c) with rotation.

The last step in the takeoff run can be normal and stopping.

Rice. 7. Throw with a running start with normal steps when accelerating the ball in a single support position

In this regard, the throw is performed with support on one (Fig. 7) or both legs (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Throw with a running start with a cross step with acceleration of the ball in a two-support position

For the shot when the ball is accelerating in two support positions, thanks to the stopping last step in the takeoff run, you need to firmly rest with both feet on the surface of the platform and, which is very important, slow down the movement of the body forward.

When throwing with a stopping last step, the following rules must be observed:

1. The movement of the legs during the take-off run should be ahead of the movement of the shoulder girdle, it is necessary to slightly throw back the shoulders.

2. It is necessary to choose the optimal take-off speed, not the maximum one, in order to have time to complete all the necessary preparatory movements to accelerate the ball (put your feet firmly, swing wide).

3. It is necessary to observe the rhythm of the run: slow first step and fast second and third steps.

4. It is necessary to sharply and consistently slow down the movements of the legs, pelvis, trunk, elbow. This will allow you to consistently transfer the amount of movement accumulated during the run, from the lower to the upper parts of the body and to the hand with the ball.

5. It is necessary to complete the throw by straightening the left supporting leg when the left leg, torso and arm with the ball are close to the vertical.

Jumping throw... A jump shot is used in cases when it is necessary to quickly leave the guardianship, eliminate blocking by sending the ball over the hands of defenders, reduce the distance to the goal, and increase the angle of the throw in relation to the goal.

2.3 Fielder Defense Technique

2.4 Goalkeeper technique

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Finally