A newborn baby spends most of its time asleep. So nature itself helps him to go through a period of adaptation to a new world. In a dream, all processes are softer. A newborn is awake quite a bit - no more than two hours a day. His awakenings are most often associated with natural needs - the desire to eat, wet diapers or abdominal pain due to colic. Short periods of wakefulness can and should be skillfully used.

For the development of the baby, special gymnastics will be useful, which is allowed literally from the very first days of life. We will tell you how and why to do it in this article.

Benefit

The benefits of gymnastics for newborns raise few questions from anyone: exercise is never harmful if done correctly. For babies who have just been born gymnastic exercises are of particular importance.

After nine months in the womb, spent in rather cramped conditions (it was especially cramped in the last 2 months before childbirth), there is nothing surprising in the physiological hypertonicity of the muscles, which is recorded in almost all infants. Gymnastics helps to quickly get rid of excessive muscle tension, the baby gets the opportunity to grow and develop physically in more comfortable conditions.

Gymnastics is not just a set of exercises. In any case, the baby sees her differently: for him it is an opportunity for close tactile contact with his mother. Its absence or deficiency leads to poor emotional development of the baby, to a slowdown in his mental development.

Exercise improves blood circulation, which is good for appetite, digestion and sleep quality: children sleep more deeply and more peacefully. Muscles develop, joints and ligaments are strengthened. All this will be sure to come in handy for the child when he begins to master coups, crawling, walking. Dr. Komarovsky, whose opinion carries weight for many mothers, believes that gymnastics and hardening from the very first days are the key to healthy and strong immunity in the future.

Contraindications

Relative contraindications to gymnastic exercises for newborns are congenital heart defects, hemangioma, as well as the presence of a large umbilical or inguinal hernia... Sometimes doctors recommend refraining from gymnastic exercises for certain congenital diseases of the joints and the musculoskeletal system, for example, with immaturity hip joints gymnastics needs to be done special, therapeutic, and only when the baby grows up a little.

Gymnastics is not done if the child has vomiting, diarrhea, fever.

It is imperative to ask a question about the possibility of training a pediatrician - he will visit you the next day after discharge from the hospital. For the vast majority of babies, doctors allow such classes, and with pleasure: a mother's desire to develop her child is always commendable.

General principles

If there are no contraindications, it is advisable to start working with the child from 1.5-2 weeks. By this time, the baby is quite well adapted to the new habitat. A mother who intends to do gymnastics with her child needs to know some general rules that will help you achieve maximum benefit and make the learning process interesting and enjoyable for everyone.

• Work with your child every day. Only daily gymnastics, and not a couple of exercises from time to time will be useful and effective.
• For practice, use a flat surface that will not sink under the baby's weight - a table, tabletop, changing table or dresser lid.
• Repeat each exercise no more than 3-5 times, this is quite enough so that the baby does not get tired.
• Turn the activity into a game - with a verse, a song and a joke. The kid will love it.
• Do gymnastics in a ventilated room, in which it is not hot (no more than 21 degrees Celsius), take off diapers and all clothes during gymnastics. In summer, if it is warm and not rainy outside, you can do gymnastics outdoors.
• You cannot force a child to do exercises. If the baby is naughty and crying, you should not continue to do the exercises. It will be possible to return to gymnastics when the child is in the mood for play and communication.
• When composing a gymnastics program for your child, choose only those exercises that are suitable for his age, because excessive exercise stress can harm.
• Do exercises that promote symmetrical development of the paired muscles to prevent the dominance of unilateral muscle activity.
• Set the duration of the session to 10 minutes. For starters - no more than 2 minutes, then every two days, increase the time by one minute until you reach a ten-minute "workout".

Charging can be done several times a day:

• after waking up and morning hygiene procedures - morning;
• gymnastics in combination with restorative massage - in the morning;
• some relaxing exercises as part of a soothing evening massage before bathing.

Perform gymnastics on warmed up muscles, even if you do not even carry out preliminary massage: lightly rub the arms, legs, stomach and back with your palms before proceeding to the set of exercises.

Also, make sure that the child is not hungry at the time of class, as hunger will distract him, the baby will start crying. It is dangerous to exercise and immediately after eating - this can provoke profuse regurgitation.

It is optimal to schedule a lesson an hour and a half after a meal or an hour before the next meal.

Classic charging for babies from 0 to 3 months

Classic exercises can be combined with massage, air baths. Good classical gymnastics techniques are suitable for morning class, which mom spends after washing, treating the navel. Classical gymnastics is performed in a static position: the child is in a stable position in space. This is the main difference between the classic complex and the dynamic one, which we will discuss below.

Mom can be advised a few notes play exercises, which will definitely come in handy for the mother of a nursing baby from 2 weeks to 2 months.

• "Caterpillar". Starting position - lying on your stomach. The mother brings her palm to the baby's feet and gently presses on them with a forward movement. The kid reflexively crawls forward. This is how the muscles of the abdomen, legs, back are trained. Crawling is practiced from an early age precisely for this, and not at all in order to teach a child to crawl, as many people think.

• "Embryo". The pose that the child needs to take during this exercise is quite simple and familiar to him. In it, the child was in her mother's womb. Lay the baby on its side, bring your knees to your stomach, and hold the arms against your chest. Tilt your baby's head slightly with your chin down towards your chest. Hold it in this position for 15-20 seconds, then release it. Repeat 4-5 times.
• "Stompotun". Lift the baby, grabbing it under the armpits, let your toes rest against the surface of the table and move the baby forward. He will reflexively make "steps" on the table. Do not relax your arms, the child's weight should not in any case rest on his fragile limbs and spine.
• "A bike". Starting position - lying on your back. Take your baby's legs in your hands above the ankle and perform the movements typical of cycling.
• "Worm"... Starting position - lying on your side. Run your fingers along the baby's spine without applying pressure or pressure. Reflexively, the baby will arch the back, and then return it to its original position.
• "Athlete". Starting position - lying on your back. Take your baby's hands in your own hands. Bring them to your chest, spread them in different directions, then lift them up and lower them along the body. At first, increased muscle tone will significantly limit the ups and downs, make sure that the child is not in pain.

If the child is more than two months old and his age is approaching 3 months, it is quite possible to complicate the classical gymnastics program with the following exercises:

• "Dolphin". Starting position - lying on your stomach. Place your palms under the baby's chest and abdomen, for a few seconds, raise him low on your palms above the surface of the massage table. All muscle groups, especially the cervical, back and abdominal muscles, will tighten. The back will bend, and the head will rise higher. Then gently lower the baby back to its original position. Repeat 3-4 times.
• "Skier". Put the baby on the back, take one leg by the foot, gently straighten it at the knee and slide the foot of the crumbs along your palm with a sliding motion. Then do the exercises for the other leg in the same way. It will be like a skier running.
• The next exercise is quite difficult, it is recommended to start doing it no earlier than 3 months of age. It is called "Spindle". Its essence is in training the oblique muscles of the abdomen and long muscles back. Place the baby on the back. Grab the legs with one hand, pull the right handle with the other while moving the legs to the left. The baby will roll over onto his stomach. Then practice flips across the opposite side.

You can add fitball exercises - both on the back and on the stomach.

Dynamic charging

This type of gymnastics for babies belongs to the developmental category. Exercises are used more complex, they are all carried out in motion with a change in the position of the child's body in space. Swinging, rotating help not only to develop the muscular system, but also effectively train the vestibular apparatus of the child.

Dynamic exercises have more contraindications than classical ones, and therefore, in addition to consulting a doctor, it is advisable for parents to first get a couple of lessons from an exercise therapy specialist. This type of gymnastics is not indicated for torticollis, weakness and underdevelopment of the joints. To begin with, the mother can visit the exercise therapy room in the clinic, go through a few group lessons with the baby, only after that it is possible to use the acquired skills at home - of course, with caution and adherence to the technique of performing the exercises.

Dynamic gymnastics programs can be different, here are just a few exercises for home use.

• "Pilot". Place your baby on your stomach. With one hand, firmly grasp the wrist of the crumbs, and with the other, the leg in the lower leg area on the same side. Lift the baby up for a few seconds and gently lower it back down. Repeat the exercise with the arm and leg on the other side.

• "Climber". Starting position - lying on your back. Grab the baby's legs with your hands just above the ankles, slightly lift the baby by the legs so that the legs are in the air and the head is on the table. Shake it lightly and gently lower it back down.
• "Airplane". Everyone knows this exercise. It is better to entrust his execution to the dad, his hands are stronger than mom's. With one hand, take the baby lying on his stomach under the chest, with the other - under the tummy on the opposite side. The baby should be well fixed. Roll it around the room, imitating the sound of an airplane, change the "flight" altitude, you can circle the baby several times. You should not throw the child into the air and catch him, as some representatives of the older generation do, this creates an excessive load on the spine and pelvic bones.

Dynamic gymnastics, according to supporters of its use, allows not only to develop a baby, but also to strengthen psychological trust between a child and an adult. Many experts recommend starting it for newborns as early as 1 month.

From the first days of life, the child needs your communication and your activities with him, and, despite the fact that massage and gymnastics usually begin after a month of life, minimal warm-ups can be started from the first days. Undoubtedly physical exercise will benefit the child by giving him the opportunity to use the muscles that he is already learning to control.

Classes should be started at the age of one week and carried out daily.

It is better to do gymnastics or massage no earlier than an hour and a half after eating. Exercise slowly, gently, and rhythmically. Practice on the changing table regularly. If you are short on time, cut back on activities, but be sure to work with your child. Gradually increase the duration of the session. When studying with your baby, be sure to talk to him, smile. If you feel that your child is tired or hungry, finish early. Exercise should be enjoyable for the child. Do not be distracted while working with your child, and if possible, do not talk to anyone.

Gymnastics for newborns

This set of exercises is designed for babies from birth to 3 months. You don't have to do all the exercises on a daily basis. Each child has a different pace and needs. Pick 1 or 2 exercises, and if your little one doesn't like them, try another the next day, and then come back to the rest. You can do them full complex after the massage (10-15 minutes), you can stretch the lesson for the whole day, spending no more than 1-2 minutes each time. Start with one repetition, then slowly increase from the number.

1. Raise your head!

The best exercise for a child in the first months of his life is laying out on his stomach on a hard surface, such as a changing table (without a mattress), an ordinary dining table or a drawing board laid on a sofa, but not the sofa itself (no matter how hard) and not a crib baby with mattress. Lying on your stomach on a hard surface:

The baby reflexively strains the abdominal muscles, which helps him get rid of excess gas, constipation and other intestinal troubles, and also prevents (and treats) an umbilical hernia;

In the "frog" position - the legs are bent at the knees - the increased tone of the legs is removed, the child will learn to master them faster;

The kid, because he wants to know what is going on around him, will sooner learn to raise and hold his head;

With your help, the child can practice reflex crawling and walking.

You can lay the child on a hard surface during each period of wakefulness (not earlier than an hour after eating) for 5-10 minutes. At this time, you need to talk to him affectionately, stroke him on the back. If at first it is difficult for your baby to raise his head, place a roll of a rolled towel under his breast. If the child actively protests against lying alone, start spreading it on mom's belly, but after a few days, gently but persistently move him to the board. To train muscles, it is precisely a hard surface that is needed (this, of course, does not mean that the baby cannot free time lie on my mother’s belly for pleasure).

2. The kitten arches its back

The child lies on its side. You hold it with one hand for the legs, and with two fingers you run the other along the spine from the bottom up from the lower back to the neck. The kid bends back in response. If he doesn't respond the first time, run your hand harder along the back. Then repeat the exercise with the baby on the other side. This exercise strengthens your back muscles.

3. Say hello to mom (dad)!

The child lies on his back, resting his feet on your belly. You bring your hands under the back of the baby, put your palms under the back of his head, slowly raise the child to an almost vertical position (while talking affectionately with him), then also slowly lower it. This exercise strengthens the abdominal muscles.

4. The flower has opened

You hold the baby's leg with one hand, clasping it around the ankle joint. Use the pad of your other thumb to press down on the bottom of your child's sole (he flexes his toes). Then press down on the outer edge of the foot from the heel to the little toe (he extends the toes).

5. Let's crawl!

The child lies on his stomach on a hard surface, legs bent and knees apart. You clasp his legs in the area ankle joints and touch both soles with your thumbs at the same time. The kid reflexively unbends his legs, pushing off from your hands, moves forward. Continue to hold it by the legs, otherwise it may slide off the table. If necessary, correct the baby's arms - place them under the breast.

6. Embryo

Lay the baby on his back, fold his arms crosswise on the chest, pull the bent legs to the stomach (spreading the knees to the sides), bend his head to the chest. Hold the head under the back of the head with one hand. Rock the baby back and forth and in a circle. Exercise relieves increased tone, stimulates the vestibular apparatus, which in the future will allow your baby to learn to walk first on all fours, and then on two legs.

7. Let's go!

Take the child under the arms and place him on the table facing you, talking to him affectionately. Let his feet touch the hard surface of the table and tilt forward, alternately transferring the weight of the body to one or the other leg. The kid "floods" to meet you. Don't be alarmed if his head falls on his chest. The child's neck will not be affected. Try not to squeeze his chest and make sure that he stands up to his full foot. Don't let your toddler walk on tiptoe.

8. Wonderful ball

Place the baby on a large bouncy ball with its belly. Carefully spread the baby's knees to the sides. While holding the baby in the lumbar region, gently rock it back and forth, to the sides and in a circle. This exercise develops the vestibular apparatus, strengthens the muscles of the neck, back and abdomen.

Physical activity is very important for a child, starting from the first days of his life. Thanks to movements, the baby learns the world around him, grows and develops. Since all human vital systems are closely interconnected, thanks to movements, blood circulation improves, and metabolic processes in the baby's body are regulated. Gymnastics and physical activity is essential for every child from an early age.

This important stage baby care. Depending on the age of the child, various exercises that contribute to the development of his body and psyche. the child should start from the second week of his life.

Gymnastics for the little ones

Starting from the 8th day of life, you can stroke the arms, legs, abdomen and back of the newborn. Movements should be carried out in this order - from the feet of the baby to the hips, from the hands to the shoulders. The stomach and back should be stroked lightly in different directions. Special attention should be given to the intercostal spaces and chest. Also, it is necessary to gently and easily bend and unbend the arms and legs of the baby.

Massage for newborns

Massage can be performed from the second week of life to six months. After six months, this procedure is recommended for children with physical retardation. Also, as a preventive measure, massage can be done for absolutely healthy children over six months. The massage should be done about an hour before meals. You should start with light strokes, and then smoothly move on to more intense movements. The most useful elements of massage for newborns are rubbing, patting, and warm-up. For newborns, a local back massage is extremely useful. During the massage, you need to talk quietly and affectionately with your baby. Movements should be done slowly and carefully.

Gymnastics for newborns after 1.5 months

Up to three months, children retain increased muscle tone. In this regard, gymnastics for newborns is based on reflex movements. Reflex movements - baby's movements in response to irritation of his skin. The child should be laid out on his stomach so that he raises his head. In this position, a palm should be applied to his feet - the baby begins to crawl. Also, grasping movements in a newborn should be developed. To do this, various objects must be applied to his hands.

Gymnastics for newborns after 3 months

After three months, exercises should be included that stimulate the baby to move independently. To do this, you need to cross the child's arms on the chest, bend and unbend the legs, lift him by the arms. Starting from 4 months, the baby tries to squat on his own, holding on to his mother's hands. At 5 months, the child begins to sit down, at 8 - he tries to get back on his feet. To do this, he needs the constant support of his parents.

Gymnastics for newborns on a ball

Gymnastics for a newborn on a ball can be carried out from the first weeks of life. A large gymnastic latex ball is used for this. The baby should be slightly swayed on the ball, laid out on his stomach or on his back. Ball exercises develop the baby's vestibular apparatus, soothe and relax him.

Dynamic gymnastics for newborns

Dynamic gymnastics is based on short-term tension and relaxation of various muscle groups in a baby, starting from the first days of life. Many exercises dynamic gymnastics for newborns are held in water. This gymnastics is considered highly effective in the fight against many congenital diseases of the motor system. Exercises are recommended only after consultation with an instructor.

This is an important part of their healthy development. By spending 20-30 minutes a day on exercise, parents make a huge contribution to the health of their baby.

We carry out such procedures and advise you. I wish your children to grow up healthy.

To begin with, in the section I decided to put a description of the exercises I tried out on my own experience. Exercises that I used to study with my children.

Before proceeding with the implementation of the complex, familiarize yourself with.

Complex 1 (gymnastics and massage for newborns and children aged 2 months).

The starting position in all exercises from the first to the sixth is the same: we lay the baby on the back, with the legs towards the adult.

1 . We do hand massage (or rather, hand stroking).

Place your right thumb in the child's left hand and hold it lightly. With your left hand, stroke the inner and then the outer surface of the child's left arm from the wrist to the shoulder. We repeat 8-10 times. We do the same with the right handle of our baby, only we put it in it thumb our left hand, and stroking right hand.

And now - attention: the first exercise for your baby is the simplest. But his role in development muscular system a child is difficult to overestimate.

We put our fingers in the baby's handle. The baby reflexively grab your fingers. At this time, you slowly and gently pull him towards you. At the same time, the kid tenses and, as it were, try to get up.

2. We do a foot massage (also stroking).

We put the right leg of the baby on our right palm, and with our left hand we stroke the entire leg up from the foot along the back, and then along the front surface. We also repeat 8 - 10 times. We lay the left leg of the baby on the left palm, and stroke it with the right.

3. Massage (rubbing) the feet.

We lift the right leg of the baby by the shin with our left hand. With the back of the fingers of the right hand, rub the sole of the child's foot (from the toes to the heel and back). We do it another 10 -12 times. And, on the contrary, we lift the left leg with the right hand, and rub it with the left.

4 . Flexion and extension of the fingers (reflex).

Hold the baby's foot with your left hand. Press gently on the foot just below the base of the toes with the index finger of your right hand. The sole and toes of the baby will bend at the same time. After that, slide along the outer part of the baby's sole from the toes to the heel. You need to swipe with the same finger, with a little pressure. For each leg, repeat the exercise 5-6 times.

5. "Gymnastics" for the trunk.

V take a child for upper part torso and gently rock it to the right and left. At the same time, watch your hands - do not press hard on the ribs. Repeat the exercise 6 to 8 times.

6. Massage (stroking) the tummy.

We will stroke with both hands at the same time, back side fingers. Right - left side tummy, left - right side. We do this 6 - 8 times.

7. Breast massage.

Embrace chest child so that in front thumbs touched each other. We move our hands from the middle to the barrels along the intercostal spaces, as if stretching. At the same time, slightly press on pectoral muscles thumbs. We repeat the exercise 6 - 8 times.

8. Extension of the spine (reflex).

The kid lies on his right side, with his legs towards the adult.We run two fingers of the right hand along the spine from the sacrum to the neck, pressing lightly. In this case, the child's bottom must be held with the left hand. You will see how the baby's spine flexes. Do it on one side 2-4 times and the same on the other, only with the opposite hand.

9. Back massage (stroking).Put the baby on the tummy, with the legs towards the adult, while the arms lie under the breast.We stroke the back of the baby from the neck to the buttocks with both palms. And with the back of the palms and fingers in the opposite direction, from the buttocks to the neck. We do the exercise 6 - 8 times.

AND next exercise our massage for newborns:

10. Kneading (foot massage). The baby's position is the same as in the previous exercise.Holding on right leg the baby with the left hand, knead the outer and back surfaces of the thigh and lower leg with the right hand. We repeat this exercise 4-6 times. And for the other leg, we change hands in places. Don't make a big effort!

11. Massage of the buttocks.The baby is lying on his tummy again, with his legs towards the adult.Gently pat on the baby's buttocks back surface fingers of both hands. We repeat this exercise 10 - 12 times, while changing hands.

12. Reflex crawl.The baby is in the same position.

Bend the baby's legs at the knees and connect his feet so that they rest against your palm. In this case, the soles bent legs to nudge the baby. When the child pushes them off and tries to move forward, you must keep your hand still. We repeat 2-4 times.

N That is, it is imperative to complete all the elements of the complex every time. It is enough to perform them for 15 minutes.

It was a massage for newborns and 2 months old babies.

I wish your little ones health ... and of course you !!!

See you in the next article!

Sincerely.
Elena Medvedeva.

A newborn baby spends most of the time in a state of sleep, waking up only at certain times from feeling hunger or discomfort. Meanwhile, he needs to develop physically from the first year of life. Gymnastics for newborns should become a mandatory regime item.

The benefits of gymnastics

Although it is not worth convincing anyone of the benefits of gymnastics, it has a special effect regarding babies:

1. Tactile contact with mom has a beneficial effect on the mental state. The baby sleeps longer and calmer.
2. The kid learns his body and gets used to it. He develops the necessary reflexes, muscles and joints, develops coordination of movements.
3. In the process of training, metabolism improves, the work of the adrenal glands improves, blood circulation is accelerated. Exercise provides a strong bond between muscles and bones.

Thanks to gymnastic exercises, the baby learns to better feel his body, and work also improves. nervous system responsible for the transmission of impulses from the brain to the muscles

According to pediatrician Komarovsky O.E., the state of their health in the future depends on how well the development of children from infancy is organized. Gymnastics should be age appropriate. In combination with massage, active physical exercises will have a beneficial effect not only on the physical, but also on the mental development of the newborn.

The most elementary and common morning exercise that can be used after discharge from the hospital is putting the baby on the tummy early. At first, the kid will instinctively turn his head to one side, because it is easier for him to breathe in this position. Later, he will begin to lift his head up and try to hold it for a few seconds.

Exercise strengthens the muscles of the neck, back, shoulders, spine. After a few weeks, the child keeps his head in an elevated state for a long time, then begins to raise his shoulders, and in the future, he rests on his elbows and lifts the body.

It is difficult to call an exercise, but it is it that will help the baby to adapt to the world around him after birth. Of course, the time of laying out must be regulated so that the child does not get tired.

On the principles of exercise

A newborn has a strictly regulated daily routine, so it is recommended to choose a special time for exercise. Better if it is the first half of the day. If it turns out to carry out exercises at the same time, then he will develop a reflex, at this time the baby will not be capricious. Some conditions that must be observed when doing exercises:

• Before starting gymnastics or massage with a newborn, a mother needs to thoroughly wash and warm her hands. The air temperature in the room should be 20 degrees. Before the beginning morning exercises it is necessary to warm up the baby's muscles with a light massage.
• Charging should be done one hour before feeding. The total duration of the exercise is within 15 minutes.
• You need to talk during gymnastics with a month-old newborn. If the child begins to be capricious, the exercise should be stopped.

It so happens that babies are contraindicated dynamic exercises... In this case, you can limit yourself to simple stroking the body over the entire surface.

While charging, it is necessary to talk to the child: this way he will be happy to do it and the whole process will pass without negative emotions and experiences

How to develop your baby physically?

In the first months of life, it is especially important to observe certain features of the child's behavior, his physical condition... As noted by the well-known pediatrician Komarovsky O.E., the most characteristic of them during this period is regurgitation, colic in the abdomen, constipation. There are 2 ways to protect yourself from these manifestations - proper nutrition and sufficient physical activity.

At a time when the child is still a few weeks old, it is necessary to plan daily physical exercises, dosed, gradually increasing the intensity, combining them with massage. At this age, all the muscles of the baby are in hypertonicity, so the exercises should be aimed at relaxation (we recommend reading :). The alternation of actions aimed at relieving muscle tension includes massage and special gymnastic exercises:

• Massage - it can be done without waiting for a doctor's appointment. It is worth learning the techniques of elementary massage for babies, after consulting with a children's masseur and start doing it yourself.
• Gymnastics - represents morning complex exercises for babies aimed at developing multiple muscle groups. All movements of the little one should be close to natural.

For baby own body is a toy: he grabs himself by the arms and legs, examines them, plays with them, examines them, and thereby receives certain information about them. In gymnastic exercises, all parts of the body should be used whenever possible. Gymnastics for babies and massage are carried out on a flat surface with a backing made of a thin layer of foam rubber.

Classical gymnastics from birth to 2 months

A child in infancy does not have enough control of the body, the only thing he can do is unconsciously swing his arms and legs, so it is necessary to streamline his movements. For this, the most elementary, but very effective morning work-out... At the age of 2 months, you can do the same exercises, but increase their duration:

1. Crawling - the child must be turned over on his stomach, while the legs are bent at the knees. The palm must be resting on his feet. Reflexively, he will push off from her and move forward. The kid can perform this action several times, but you should not abuse his patience.
2. Embryo - the baby should be placed on the back. We fold the arms on the chest, pull the legs to the stomach. The baby's head must be gently directed to the chest and held there for some time.
3. Walking - holding the baby under the armpits, put his feet on the table surface, slightly tilt the body forward. He will instinctively begin to touch his legs, resting slightly on the surface.
4. Bicycle - traditional classic exercise(we recommend reading :). The child lies on his back, legs are bent at the knees, they need to be pulled one by one to the stomach, imitating pedaling.
5. Don't be afraid to master the fitness ball. We put the child with his stomach on the ball with his arms and legs spread apart. The ball needs to be wiggled with a small swing, controlling so that the crumb does not slip.

Fitball exercises - great option for kids from 1 month and older. The only caveat is that mom will have to be very careful so that the baby does not fall off the ball.

Classical gymnastics for newborns is recommended for children from 1 month old, then physical development exercises can be transferred to a more complex level. The charging time is 10-15 minutes.

Classical gymnastics at the age of 3 months

By the age of 3 months, the baby is already sufficiently trained, so you can introduce new elements into the complex into classes morning exercises... When the baby is 3 months old, the exercises already mastered at 2 months can be supplemented with the following elements:

• Rolling over on the stomach - the mother takes the baby by one handle. With her other hand, the mother grasps both legs in the lower leg area. The turn to the side begins with the legs, then we pull up the hand until he rolls over himself.
• Incomplete sitting down - the baby lying on his back needs to give his thumbs so that he squeezes them tightly. With the rest of the fingers, grab the palm and raise it, without bringing it to a sitting position. As a result, the muscles of the press, neck, and spine are trained.
• Sliding feet - lay the baby on his back, grab the legs below, slowly straighten one leg, performing a sliding motion with it. Then the exercise is repeated for the other leg.
• Swimmer - the child lies on his stomach, the mother brings her hand under his stomach and chest, with the other hand hold his legs. It needs to be raised for a few seconds on the palm of your hand, the legs should be slightly higher than the head. It is enough to repeat this exercise 1 time.

The leg and foot exercises are very important because there are so many vital points located there. In addition, it is the muscles of the legs that are responsible for the further motor activity of the child.

How are dynamic gymnastics classes conducted?

Dynamic gymnastics is considered one of the types of intensive developmental exercises. They differ in that the exercises have an increased level of difficulty. The main movements are rotation, swinging the child upside down or upside down, which does not need to be scared by parents, since with appropriate training and the accompaniment of an instructor, this can really be done without prejudice to the health of the baby.

For those parents who want to engage in dynamic gymnastics with their baby, you should not start it without going through preliminary training with a specialist. Like everyone else training exercises for children, there are certain contraindications for their early implementation: increased muscle tension, abnormal development of the hip joints or their increased mobility.

Dynamic exercises

Dynamic gymnastics is carried out in specially organized groups under the guidance of instructors. Then, having gained experience, you can carry out such exercises yourself:

1. The child lies on his stomach. With one hand we take it by the handle in the area of ​​the wrist, with the other - in the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe calf. You need to lift it up several times. Then the exercise is performed in the same way on the other side.
2. The kid is lying on his back. You need to take it by the ankles with your hands, lift it up by the legs, swing it with a minimum amplitude 3 times.
3. Put the baby with his back on the crib, his mother's thumbs in his palms, the rest of his fingers clasp his wrists. We gently lift him out of bed, then you need to throw the child so that his arms are spread out to the sides. Repeat 3 times.

These exercises are considered basic, from which you can gradually practice dynamic gymnastics. There are many exercises in dynamic gymnastics that you can learn from an instructor by scheduling an individual program for your child. You can also watch the complex on video to make sure that the exercises are safe for the child if done correctly.

Before starting classes, it is appropriate to consult with specialists. Parents need to be aware that dynamic gymnastics can be traumatic for children. Good theoretical and practical training of the parents and the absence of contraindications in the child are required.

Those parents who do not support adherents of dynamic gymnastics argue that it is traumatic. Parents who practice dynamic gymnastics believe that exercises strengthen the baby, correct muscle tone, develop the vestibular apparatus, and also strengthen psychological contact with parents.

Dynamic gymnastics for babies can be practiced intensively from 1 month or from one and a half months. By this age, the baby is already gradually emerging from the early autistic stage of development and responds more actively to the people around him. If before that he only did that he was lying in one position, then thanks to gymnastics he will get to know the world around him.

Each of us knows that movement is life. But in the first year of a child's life, movement is more important than ever. No flashcards or rattles develop a nursing baby like simple exercise, massage, or crawling. Of course, you know that I am always in favor of complex development and in no way want to belittle the importance of communication and other games with babies (an article about them very soon!), But still I want to emphasize again and again that physical development at this stage is the main direction of development. After all, a child does not just learn to crawl, get up or walk. Mastering motor skills directly affects the development of the brain and the health of the baby's body.

Massage in combination with gymnastics perfectly develops all organs and systems, helps to master motor skills according to age, cope with colic, relieve tone, and has a general strengthening effect on the entire child's body. In addition, the gentle touches of the parental hands give great pleasure to the baby, strengthen the emotional connection. It has been proven that a child in the first months of life is most accessible to the action through the skin, therefore massage should become an integral part of communication with the baby!

If the massage is carried out together with gymnastics, the effect of the exercises will be much more noticeable. After all massage prepares movement warming up the muscles, and gymnastic exercises reinforce the massage effect... That is why in our complex, which I practiced with my children, massage movements always alternate with gymnastic ones.

This complex corresponds to the age and functional capabilities of a child of 1, 2, 3 months. Age-appropriate exercise is incredible important condition... Only in this case, gymnastics, firstly, gives the child joy, and secondly, it contributes to the development of the necessary motor skills at this stage. So, for example, at the age of about 3 months, it is important for a child to master the flip from back to stomach, and about 6 months - sitting position and crawling, etc.

Gymnastics and massage for children 1, 2, 3 months | Where? How? When?

Where to get the massage?

Classes must be carried out on a clean, moderately hard surface. And for this, both the table and the floor are perfect. But, for example, doing exercises on a soft bed will not be very convenient, and not all exercises can be performed correctly. If it is more convenient for you to do gymnastics at table level, then it is best big will fit changing table. If this is not the case, then you can cover an ordinary dining table with a thin blanket, and put an oilcloth and a diaper on top.

But if this option is not suitable, then the floor will be the best solution (of course, it must be covered accordingly). As for me, this is the most comfortable surface for practicing! This is especially true for children over six months old, when they are so active that they simply cannot be kept on the table.

Should you use massage oils or creams?

It is best to massage your baby with clean hands, as oils and creams increase glide and complicate correct execution receptions. In addition, any products applied to the skin clog the ducts of the sweat and sebaceous glands, disrupting their normal functioning. If your hands are too dry, simply apply a small amount of special baby oil to them.

Are gymnastics and massage useful for all children?

As a rule, for children suffering from any medical conditions, special exercises even more important than for absolutely healthy people. A special mode of movement often becomes the main element of their complex treatment. However, before starting the exercises, in any case, you should consult your pediatrician!

Should mom do massage at home or entrust it to professionals?

Often mothers are afraid to massage a baby of 1 - 3 months on their own, because they are sure that they will not succeed, and they will definitely do something wrong. In fact, no matter how good a massage from a professional is, mother's massage has at least two unconditional advantages! Firstly, it can be done every day (and not in short-term courses), regularly providing support to the baby's body. Secondly, during the massage, you not only do the prescribed exercises, but also communicate with your child, which strengthens your emotional connection.

Start small and you will quickly get involved. Even a light massage will be better than no massage at all. At the same time, a home daily complex does not at all prevent you from conducting courses with professionals.

When to start?

Massage and gymnastics can be started when the baby is 1 month old. Agree, the first month of the baby is even scary to touch, not that to massage In addition, it is necessary to give time to the child's body to adapt to external influences. Well, then, if there are no contraindications, you can safely proceed! If you start later, it's okay! Better late than never.

Introduce massage and gymnastics into your child's life gradually. Start with a small amount of exercise, and then add more elements to your complex every day. Observe the child's mood and reactions. Don't massage through crying. If the kid does not like something, it is better to stop the activity.

Gymnastics and massage for children 1, 2, 3 months | Techniques and exercises

Well, let's get started I want to say right away that if the description of some element of gymnastics seems incomprehensible to you, you can always see it in more detail in our video.

One more thing a little remark... In order not to embarrass anyone, we took all the photos and videos with a baby in a diaper, but ideally it is recommended conduct all classes without any clothes so as not to hinder the movements of the child.

All the presented techniques and exercises of the complex are necessary repeat 3-5 times.

Child's foot massage

We begin to do all the techniques and exercises from the bottom up. Therefore, the first in line is the stop. Foot massage is the most important component of the exercise, as it helps to normalize muscle tone, and in the future - to correctly position the leg with support.

We knead the foot with circular massage movements of the thumb first along the front of the foot (under the toes), then along the outer side... We repeat the movements 3-5 times.

• "Draw" a figure eight on the foot with the thumb.
• In a circular motion rub the heel... We also perform all movements 3-5 times.

• We knead the foot along her outside from heel to toes progressive in a circular motion.
• We rub each finger... It is enough to walk through each of them 1-2 times.

• We bend the foot towards ourselves - away from ourselves... We try to bend the fingers additionally in the direction of the baby.
• We make circular movements with the foot right and left, 3-5 times in each direction.

After all the gymnastic exercises with one foot are done, we move on to the other foot.

Massages and exercises for the muscles of the legs

Massage of the legs and thighs is always performed after exercises with the foot, as it is equally important for the normalization of the altered muscle tone in the legs.

• rub each shin from the side, moving from heel to knee.

Progressive massage movements rub each thigh from the side and front, we move from the knee to the pelvis.

We bend the knee, pressing it to the stomach... For each leg 4-6 times.

It is possible that the baby will resist by straining the leg muscles. In this case, you can shake the leg slightly to relieve tension. Muscle resistance can and should be carefully overcome, but watch the baby's reaction so as not to overdo it.

• Next, we do a compound exercise. We press the leg to the stomach, take it to the side, again to the stomach, down... Taking the leg to the side, we try to open the hip as much as possible, bringing it closer to the table / floor surface (Do not forget, if something is not clear, you can watch gymnastics in our video).

• We carry out circular rotation bent leg for disclosure. Here we also try to open the hip as much as possible. We perform 4-5 rotations with each leg.

• We press both legs to the stomach(also 4-6 times).

• We carry out exercise "bike", alternately pressing your legs to your chest.

• Carefully we spread both hips to the sides.

Belly massage for a child

Abdominal massage is useful for strengthening muscles abdominal and to improve intestinal motility. You can massage the tummy outside daily complex gymnastics, this is very effective assistance with constipation and painful passing of gas.

We perform circular massage movements with the phalanges of bent fingers, moving around the navel clockwise.

• Massage the tummy on the oblique muscles of the abdomen, we make movements from top to bottom with the pads of our fingers.

Massage and gymnastics for the hands of a child 1-3 months

It is equally important to normalize the muscle tone of the arms. Long-term changes in muscle tone will interfere with the child's ability to learn first conscious motor skills, such as support on the forearms, straightening the arms while lying on the stomach, and pulling the arms up to toys. Massage of the palms and fingers will enable the baby to quickly and correctly open the fist, take the thumb away from the palm in order to correctly grip the toy soon.

We start with finger massage... We rub each finger of the baby with the pads of our fingers, moving in progressive movements from the tip to the base of the finger of the child. Repeat 1-2 times

• We pay special attention to the thumb. We take it away from the palm several times, holding briefly in this position.

• Stroking the child's palm in a circle, from top to bottom.

• Rubbing the forearm translational spiral movements towards the elbow.
• Rubbing your shoulder translational spiral movements towards the shoulder. If a child has a BCG vaccination mark on his arm, he should be bypassed.

We bend the child's arm at the elbow 4-6 times. In this case, the hand should be perpendicular to the baby's body.

As a rule, children enjoy less exercise with handles, and they begin to show some discontent. Therefore, teach your baby to handle gymnastics gradually, starting with a small number of repetitions. Perform movements clearly and without hesitation.

• Raise and lower the baby's arms, together and separately. We try to make the child's hand bend in shoulder joint, not in the elbow. Considering that at this age the tone in the baby's arms is still quite strong, it is better to lift the arms one at a time, holding the torso with the other hand.

• We spread the baby's hands to the sides, and then we cross them on the chest... When crossing, the top should turn out to be either right or left hand... In this case, your thumb should be placed in the baby's palms.

• We put our thumbs in the baby's palms again, with the rest of our fingers we grab the handle from the outside. By the hands slowly pull the baby towards you... The child should grip your fingers firmly and try to pull up... It is necessary to achieve active tension of the flexor muscles of the child's arms.

As a result of this exercise, the child should group, raise his head and bend his arms at the elbows. It is enough for the baby to rise to a semi-vertical position; it is not necessary to completely seat the baby.

Exercises for back muscles

We carry out birch-like exercise- we raise both legs up, slightly raising the pelvis. We also repeat 3-5 times.

• We roll the baby on his back from side to side... With one hand we take the baby by the hands joined together, with the other - by the legs. We carefully roll it from one barrel to another. The exercise prepares the baby for self-roll-overs.
• Learning to roll over... To make it easier for the baby to learn to roll over, you need to show him how to do it. To do this, take the baby by the shin and turn the leg in the opposite direction, slightly turning the pelvis to the side. Wait for a response from the child, he should raise his head above the surface of the table and turn his shoulder in the direction of the turn.

If the baby still does not have enough strength to roll over on his own, help him by pulling his hand a little. When the baby rolls over, spread your arms under his chest. And then repeat the exercise on the other side.

This is a very important skill. It is advisable to train him several times during the day.

Massage and exercises while lying on your stomach

• First rub the foot with progressive massage movements from the heel to the toes... Movements are performed only on the outside of the sole.

• Bend the foot several times, holding the leg by the lower leg.

• We rub the back surface of the lower leg in a circular forward motion from heel to knee.

We rub the back and side of the thigh also in a circular motion from the knee to the pelvis.

• We bend the knee, pressing the heel to the buttock.

• Take your leg to the side so that the thigh is perpendicular to the body. At the same time, with the other hand, we fix the baby in the region of the sacrum.

• Rub the buttocks in spiral movements from top to bottom... Movements should be done by drawing the letter X on the bottom. Naturally, the exercise is performed without a diaper.
• Next, we do very useful exercise – « baby crawl". To do this, when the baby is lying on his tummy, we rest his legs in our hands (it turns out something like a frog pose).

The child should reflexively push off from your hands (babies have such a reflex from birth). Next, again make an emphasis on him with your hands and allow him to push off again. Continue this "crawling" until the baby gets tired. Ideally, this exercise should be done on a made floor or on a large bed. After all, each time the child will perform more and more pushing movements and will move further and further.

Such an exercise should be done not only within the framework of the gymnastics complex, but also simply during the day. It prepares the baby for normal crawling, strengthens the muscles of the legs and back, and in general has a beneficial effect on the physical development of the baby. Children with whom this exercise is regularly performed are more mobile and easier to master other motor skills.

Rubbing your back first with "sawing" movements, and then with the help of the phalanges of bent fingers, we make circular massage movements along the back from top to bottom.

• Doing exercises on the ball... To do this, we put a diaper on gymnastic ball and put the baby on the tummy. Holding it by the sides and back, roll the baby back and forth... We repeat several times.
• Then in the same position we roll the baby in a circle, first in one direction, then in the other direction. Such exercises train the back muscles of the baby, contribute to the development of a sense of balance.

• Then we take the baby by the legs and again roll it back and forth... The baby's arms should be spread out under the breast. Being in a head-down position, the baby will try to raise the head.

• Walking with our feet... In this age interval, children retain the congenital step reflex, usually it remains up to 3-4 months. On the basis of this reflex, you can practice "walking" in a child. If you do the exercise regularly, by the age of 4 months your child will slowly develop his acquired walking skill.

• And we complete our complex element of dynamic gymnastics... I am not a fanatical follower of dynamic gymnastics, but I add some not too extreme elements, since such exercises perfectly develop the vestibular apparatus, contribute to the development of a sense of balance and balance.

So, we put the baby on our shoulder so that it is parallel to the floor. In this case, the baby's chest should be on the shoulder, and we hold the legs with our own hands. In this position, we spin in place, first in one direction, then in the other direction. Be careful not to get dizzy or lose your balance

I sincerely recommend this set of exercises and massage to you, because it contains all the most necessary exercises for physical development baby. If you still have any questions about the implementation of individual elements, be sure to watch our video.

In conclusion, I would also like to say that in addition to daily activities gymnastics is important regularly lay the baby on a flat surface on the tummy. Now it will be the best exercise for a child. He will learn to raise his head, push off with his legs from your hands.

Ideally, if already from 2 months you will regularly lay your baby on the floor. After all, the floor is a whole athletic arena for a child! The kid can calmly master turning over and "" there, while he will not be limited by any bumpers and there is no need to be afraid that the child will fall somewhere. Naturally, this should not be a bare tile floor. A low-pile rug with oilcloth and a diaper or a foam puzzle will work well.