INTRODUCTION
Swimming is one of the most effective means of hardening a person, contributing to the formation of persistent hygiene skills. The water temperature is always lower than the temperature of the human body, therefore, when a person is in water, his body emits 50-80% more heat than in air (water has a thermal conductivity 30 times and a heat capacity 4 times greater than air). Bathing and swimming increases resistance to temperature fluctuations and fosters resistance to colds. If swimming is carried out in a natural reservoir, then the natural factors of nature - the sun and air - also have a hardening effect. Swimming exercises eliminate postural disorders, flat feet, harmoniously develop almost all muscle groups - especially shoulder girdle, arms, chest, abdomen, back and legs. Swimming perfectly trains the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems... In people who systematically go in for swimming, the value of the stroke volume of the heart increases, the heart rate at rest decreases from 60 to 55 (50) beats / min. For comparison: in non-sportsmen, the heart rate usually ranges from 65 to 57 beats / mi.
Swimming exercises strengthen the apparatus external respiration, develop the correct breathing rhythm, increase the vital capacity of the lungs (VC), since the density of water makes it difficult to inhale and exhale: inhalation - due to water pressure on the chest, exhalation - due to water resistance. People who regularly go in for swimming have high VC and excursions chest(VC in swimmers-athletes is within 7000 cm3). Swimming strengthens the nervous system, improves sleep, appetite and is often recommended by doctors for this purpose as a remedy. Swimming is widely used in physiotherapy exercises and medicine for metabolic disorders, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, contractures of the articular-muscular apparatus, etc.
The health-improving "strengthening effect of swimming on the child's body is especially great." Swimming can be taught to children from infancy. Swimming exercises strengthen the child's musculoskeletal system, develop physical qualities such as endurance, strength, speed, joint mobility, coordination of movements; they also form a “muscle corset” in a timely manner. contributes to the development of good posture, preventing curvature of the spine, eliminate excitability and irritability. Children who regularly go in for swimming differ markedly from their peers who do not go in for sports: they are taller, have higher indicators of VC, flexibility, strength, and are less prone to colds. Swimming is a vital skill for a person of any age. A good swimmer never risks his life while in the water.
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PROGRAM
swimming
Methodology for initial swimming training
INTRODUCTION
Swimming is one of the most effective means of hardening a person, contributing to the formation of persistent hygiene skills. The water temperature is always lower than the temperature of the human body, therefore, when a person is in water, his body emits 50-80% more heat than in air (water has a thermal conductivity 30 times and a heat capacity 4 times greater than air). Bathing and swimming increases resistance to temperature fluctuations and fosters resistance to colds. If swimming is carried out in a natural reservoir, then the natural factors of nature - the sun and air - also have a hardening effect. Swimming exercises eliminate postural disorders, flat feet, harmoniously develop almost all muscle groups - especially the shoulder girdle, arms, chest, abdomen, back and legs. Swimming perfectly trains the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In people who systematically go in for swimming, the value of the stroke volume of the heart increases, the heart rate at rest decreases from 60 to 55 (50) beats / min. For comparison: in non-athletes, the heart rate usually ranges from 65 to 57 beats / mi.
Swimming exercises strengthen the external respiration apparatus, develop the correct breathing rhythm, increase the vital capacity of the lungs (VC), since the density of water makes it difficult to inhale and exhale: inhalation - due to water pressure on the chest, exhalation - due to water resistance. People who systematically go in for swimming have high indicators of VC and chest excursions (the value of VC in swimmers-athletes is within 7000 cm3). Swimming strengthens the nervous system, improves sleep, appetite and is often recommended by doctors for this purpose as a remedy. Swimming is widely used in physiotherapy exercises and medicine for metabolic disorders, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, contractures of the articular-muscular apparatus, etc.
The health-improving "strengthening effect of swimming on the child's body is especially great." Swimming can be taught to children from infancy. Swimming exercises strengthen the child's musculoskeletal system, develop physical qualities such as endurance, strength, speed, joint mobility, coordination of movements; they also form a “muscle corset” in a timely manner. promotes the development of good posture, preventing curvature of the spine, eliminate excitability and irritability. Children who regularly go in for swimming are noticeably different from their peers who do not go in for sports: they are taller, have higher VC, flexibility, strength, and are less prone to colds. Swimming is a vital skill for a person of any age. A good swimmer never risks his life while in the water.
Thematic lesson planning
Chapter 1. Tasks of teaching swimming
When teaching swimming, the following main tasks are solved:- health promotion, hardening of the human body, instilling strong hygienic skills; - studying swimming techniques and mastering the vital swimming skill; - all-round physical development and improvement of such physical qualities as strength, flexibility, endurance, speed, agility; - familiarization with safety rules on the water
Depends on age and physical fitnessdosage and loads, teaching methodology, as well as the speed of mastering the educational material. Children from 10 to 13 years old learn to swim the fastest. Teaching children of primary school age to swim requires more time - due to the slow mastery of the technique of movements and the difficulties associated with the organization of classes (they slowly undress and dress, do not know the commands well, are easily distracted, quickly lose interest in the task, etc.). In addition, the preparation of the training program depends on the number of lessons per week, the duration of each lesson. The conditions for training - natural or artificial reservoir, water depth and temperature, climatic and weather conditions - also have a significant impact on the selection of exercises and the methodology of conducting classes. So the content of the program is educational material and methodological instructions - should correspond to the objectives of the training, the age and preparedness of the trainees, the duration of the training course and the conditions for conducting classes.
Swimming is taught to children in the form of group lessons. Such exercises are more effective, they have an inherent element of competition. In group lessons, it is more convenient to carry out educational work with children, using the influence of the team and thereby ensuring good academic performance. However, when working with a group, the instructor must take into account the individual characteristics of each student as a person, as well as his ability to swim. In this regard, the methodology of teaching swimming is based on a combination of group and individual approach to those involved. Children, as a rule, are taught the technique of sports swimming, because, firstly, the contingent of young swimmers is a reserve for the selection of sports swimming; secondly, the preliminary mastering of the lightweight method of swimming and the subsequent retraining take more time; thirdly, children quickly lose interest in learning "non-prestigious" swimming techniques. In this regard, swimming programs provide for the simultaneous teaching of swimming in two (similar in structure of movements) methods: crawl on the chest and on the back. This allows you to increase the number of exercises and change the conditions for their implementation. A variety of exercises not only develops motor learning, but also stimulates activity and interest in swimming lessons, which is a necessary methodological requirement for working with children.
Chapter 2. Stages of training
The whole process of learning to swim is conventionally divided into four stages.
1. Demonstration of the technique of the studied method of swimming the best swimmers; the use of visual agitation means (posters, drawings, films, etc.) Thus, beginners get an idea of the studied method of swimming, stimulate an active attitude and interest in classes. If conditions permit (availability of shallow space), the instructor allows the beginner to try to swim in the shown way.
2. Preliminary acquaintance with the technique of the studied swimming method (body position, breathing, the nature of the rowing movements). It is carried out on land and in water. The trainees perform general developmental and special physical exercises that imitate swimming techniques, as well as exercises for mastering with water.
3. Study of individual elements of swimming technique and then the studied method as a whole. Swimming technique is studied in the following order: body position, breathing, leg movements, arm movements, coordination of movements; At the same time, the development of each element of the technique is carried out in gradually becoming more complicated conditions, which ultimately provide for the performance of exercises in a horizontal unsupported position (a swimmer's working posture). Each element of swimming technique is studied in the following order: - familiarization with movement on land. It is carried out in general terms without perfecting the details, since the conditions for performing the movement on land and in water are different;
Study of movements in water with a fixed support (in place). When studying movements with the legs, the side of the pool, the bottom or the shore of the reservoir, etc. are used as support. The movements of the hands are studied while standing on the bottom up to the chest or up to the waist in water;
Study of movements in water with a movable support. When studying the movements of the legs, swimming boards are used as support. Hand movements are studied while walking slowly along the bottom or lying on the water in a horizontal position (with the support of a partner); - studying movements in water without support. All exercises are performed in sliding and swimming.
The sequential coordination of the learned elements of the technique is carried out in the following order: movements of the legs with breathing, movements of the hands with breathing, movements of the legs and arms with breathing, swimming with complete coordination. Despite the study of the technique of swimming in parts at this stage, it is necessary to strive for the holistic implementation of the technique of the method of swimming, as far as the preparedness of the trainees allows.
4. Consolidation and improvement of swimming technique. At this stage, swimming in the studied way with complete coordination is of prime importance. In this regard, in each lesson, the ratio of swimming with full coordination and swimming with the help of legs and arms should be 1: 1
Chapter 3. The main groups of exercises for teaching swimming
When teaching swimming, general developmental, special physical exercises are used, exercises for mastering with water, for learning swimming techniques, simple jumps into the water, games and entertainment on the water. Some of these exercises are used throughout the entire training period, others at some specific stage. So, for example, exercises for mastering with water are used only in the first classes and are almost never used in the future. But general developmental, special physical exercises and most of the exercises for learning swimming techniques are performed throughout the entire training period.
3.1 General developmental exercises
If we talk about the benefits of general developmental and special physical exercise, then first of all it must be said that they contribute to the general physical development, bring up dexterity, coordination of movements, strength and mobility in the joints, that is, the qualities necessary for the successful mastering of swimming. General developmental physical exercises, strengthening the muscles of the trunk, produce correct posture, develop the strength of the arms and legs, which is very important for the swimmer. Special physical exercises in the form and nature of movements are close to swimming technique. They develop mainly the muscle groups that do the main work when swimming. In swimming practice, special complex general developmental and special exercises. It includes training material designed to be performed in water. Usually the complex begins with warming up and breathing exercises. different kinds walking, running with jumping and arm movements. Then there are exercises for the development of the muscles of the trunk, shoulder girdle, arms and legs - bends, squats, circular movements of the trunk and pelvis, push-ups, etc. how the muscles will warm up. The complex also includes exercises that imitate the technique of swimming on land, for example, movements of the legs and arms separately and in combination with breathing. By the nature of the movements, they are close to the swimming technique and lead the trainees to mastering it in the water, therefore each complex usually ends with imitation exercises. For example, a complex of general developmental and special exercises on land during training crawl on the back and chest, as these methods are provided in the swimming training program in summer health camps. Complex 1. (performed before the start of training and in the first 5-6 lessons of training crawl on the chest and on the back) .1. Walking, running, bending, squatting 2. I. p. - sitting, one leg bent. Grasp the heel and toe of the foot with your hands and twist it to the right and left. Do 20 times with each leg. 3. I. p. - sitting, support with hands behind; legs are straight, toes are drawn. First, do cross movements with your legs, and then - as when swimming with a crawl. The exercise is performed at a fast pace, from the hip, with a small foot swing. 4. I. p. - standing, hands up, hands are connected (head between hands). Get up on your toes, stretch up; strain all the muscles of the arms, legs and body; then relax. Repeat tension 5-6 times. This exercise leads to the correct execution of sliding and the ability to keep the trunk tense while swimming (Fig. 23, a). 5. I. p. - standing, arms bent at the elbows, hands to the shoulders. Circular movements of the hands back and forth. First simultaneously, then alternately with each hand. Repeat 20 times.
6. "Mill". I. p. - standing, "one hand is raised up, the other is lowered. Circular movements of the hands forward and backward, first at a slow, and then at a fast pace. During the exercise, the arms should be straight. 7. I. p. - standing , feet shoulder-width apart. Bend forward (look straight ahead), one arm in front, the other at the back of the thigh. In this position, circular motion with the arms forward ("mill"). Perform for 1 min. 8. Exercise 7 is performed with fixed rubber shock absorbers(teaches you to overcome the resistance of water on land) 9. Exercise with rubber shock absorbers for the crawl on the back. Complex 2 (performed during crawl training: on the chest and on the back) .1. Do exercise 4 complexes -1 in the supine position (or on your back); arms outstretched forward.
2. I. p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart. Lean forward (look straight ahead); one hand rests on the knee, the other is extended forward. Move with your free hand as in crawl swimming.
3. The same exercise with stopping the arm in three positions: arm in front, in the middle of the stroke, at the end of the stroke. During each stop, strain the muscles of the arm and shoulder at least 3 times.
4. Exercise 5 of complex 1 should be performed in combination with walking and running. 5. Exercise 6 of complex 1 is performed in combination with walking in place. 6. Coordination of breathing with movement with one hand, as in crawl swimming. I. p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart. Lean forward, one hand rests on the knee, the other in the position of the end of the stroke at the thigh. Turn your head towards your outstretched arm and look at it. Inhale and start moving your hand while exhaling. The next breath is taken when the hand finishes the stroke at the thigh. Repeat 15-20 times with each hand
7.. Hand movements. crawl combined with breathing. I. p. - standing, feet shoulder width apart. Lean forward, one arm extended forward, the other back. Turn your head towards your outstretched arm and look at it. Inhale and start rowing movements with your hands while exhaling
8. "Starting jump" I. p. - standing, feet foot-width apart. At the command "Start", bend your knees, bend forward, lower your arms down. At the command "March!" swing your arms forward and up, push off with your legs and make a jump up. In flight, join your arms above your head and move your head between your arms. Land on your toes and stand at attention. Repeat 5-6 times
3.2 Exercises for mastering water
These exercises are performed simultaneously with the study of the simplest elements of swimming technique. The basis of good technique is correct body position in the water and correct breathing(with an exhalation into the water). Exercises for mastering with water are performed during the first 5-6 sessions. While mastering them, students learn to plunge headlong into the water and open their eyes, emerge and lie on the surface correctly, exhale into the water and slide along the surface, maintaining a horizontal body position, characteristic of the sports swimming technique.
Preparatory exercises are performed in a shallow place, standing waist-deep or chest-deep in water: most of them are done with holding the breath while inhaling. As soon as trainees become comfortable with water, almost everyone preparatory exercises are excluded from the training program. Constantly performed and improved, only exercises for sliding and exhaling into the water.
Exercises to familiarize yourself with the density and resistance of water. Exercises of this group bring up the feeling of support on the water with the palm, forearm, foot and lower leg (which is necessary for staging rowing movements), teach them not to be afraid of water. 1. Movement in the water back and forth, first with a step and then with a run. 2. Walking with turns and changes of direction
Ascending and lying on the surface of the water These exercises allow trainees to feel a state of weightlessness and learn to lie in a horizontal position on the surface of the water on the chest and on the back.
1. "Float". I. p. - standing up to the chest in water. Take a deep breath and, squatting, plunge headlong into the water. Tuck your legs under you and, clasping your knees, rise to the surface. In this position, hold your breath for 10-15s, then return to and. NS.
2. "Medusa". After taking a breath, hold your breath and lie down on the water. Bend at the lower back and relax your arms and legs. Stand on the bottom (Fig. 26, a).
3. To surface with the "float".Then take a lying position on your chest (arms and legs straight). Mentally count to ten and get to the bottom (Fig. 26.6).
4. Standing waist-deep in water, sit downso that the chin is at the surface of the water; spread your arms to the sides. Tilt your head back, immersing the back of your head in water and resting your feet less and less on the bottom. Slowly raise first one leg, then the other and take a supine position, helping yourself only with the movements of the hands. If your legs begin to sink, then you need to bring your hands closer to your hips and keep your body in balance with small strokes with your hands.
5. Put your hands on the side or bottom of the pool and lie on your chest... Raise the pelvis and heels to the surface of the water, inhale and lower your face into the water. Repeat the exercise several times (Fig. 26, c). Exhales into the water
The ability to hold your breath while inhaling and exhale into the water is the basis for setting up rhythmic breathing while swimming.
1. "Washing". Spray water on your face, exhaling at this moment.
2. I. p. - standing at the bottom. Tilt your torso forward so that your mouth is at the surface of the water, rest your palms on your knees. Take a deep breath through your mouth, lower your face into the water and exhale slowly into the water. Gently raise your head in and out. etc. and breathe in again. Raising the head and lowering the face into the water should be combined in such a way that the mouth appears out of the water during the end of the exhalation into the water. This exercise is repeated in the rhythm of normal breathing; in the first lesson - 10-15 times, in subsequent lessons - 20-30 times in a row (with a turn of the head to inhale to the left or to the right).
3. I. p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart. Lean forward, rest your hands on your knees. The head is in the inhalation position, the cheek is on the water. Open your mouth, take a breath, turn your face into the water - exhale. 4 ... Leaning your hands on the side or bottom, lie on your chest and take a horizontal position. Inhale and lower your face into the water. In the same position, make 10-15 exhalations into the water with the head turned to the side for inhalation.
3. Slides. Slides on the chest and back with different hand positions help to master the swimmer's working posture - balance, streamlined body position, the ability to slide forward as much as possible after each stroke, which is an indicator of good swimming technique.1. Slip on the chest... Standing up to your chest in water, bend over so that your chin touches the water. Stretch your arms forward, connecting your thumbs. Take a breath, gently lie on the water face down and, pushing off with your feet from the bottom or side of the pool, take a horizontal position. Glide with outstretched legs and arms on the surface of the water.2. Slip on the back... Stand with your back to the shore, arms along the body. Inhale, hold your breath, sit down and, slightly pushing off your feet, lie on your back. Raise your stomach higher and press your chin to your chest. Do not sit down (it should be remembered that a steady position on the back is helped by light rowing movements with the hands near the body; palms facing down).3. Sliding on the chest with different hand positions: arms extended forward, at the hips, one in front, the other at the thigh.4. Sliding on the back with different hand positions:arms extended forward, along the body, one arm in front, the other at the thigh. 5. Sliding on the chest followed by turns on the back and chest
First academic third (approximately 2-3 lessons)
Lesson Objectives:
1. Learn to lie on the water in an extended position, holding onto the side of the drain groove.
2. Be able to lower your face into the water.
3. Master the exhalation into the water ("blow bubbles").
Introductory part (about 15 min.).
A. Group building and greeting.
B. Warm-up on land: sit down and stand on your toes (arms raised). From a standing and sitting position, "mill" hands forward and backward.
B. Warm-up in the water: Sitting on the edge of the pool edge on swimming boards, take the "sitting angle" position, stretch your arms back; perform alternating movements of the legs ("frothing foam"). During short pauses, children are encouraged to raise their legs out of the water, pull their feet up to the tibia, then stretch their legs forward.
Going down the stairs and holding on to the side of the drain groove with outstretched hands, move on your hands to the stairs located on the other side of the pool, then get out of the water (repeat 2-3 times).
Main part (about 25 min.)
A. Working out the extended position of the body in the water: Children line up at the side of the drain groove under the swimming board lying in advance on the side of the pool. Holding onto the side of the drain groove with both hands, facing the wall, take an upright position. Alternating stretching and pulling of the trunk and feet, while alternating tension and relaxation. The horizontal and vertical body positions are repeated many times.
B. Working out the command: "Put your face in the water!": Starting position - children at the side of the drain groove: immersing your face in water (your forehead should be in the water) and opening your eyes in the water.
Between individual exercises, active rest is provided, during which children, for example, take their hands off the side of the drain groove and hit the water with their hand (palm, fist, edge).
B. Working out exhalation into water: Starting position - children at the side of the drain groove. Alternating vertical and horizontal body positions in combination with the following exercises: the mouth is close to the surface of the water; blow a hole in the water; immerse your mouth in water and vigorously blow air through your mouth, dip your face into the water and blow bubbles.
The final part (about 5 min):
A. The helper holds a swimming pole, dipped obliquely into the water from the side of the board, near which the children stand. One end of the pole is at the same height as the edge of the drain groove. Children slide down the pole into the water, then over the side of the drain groove, move to the stairs.
B. End of Lesson - Summary and Explanation homework... Then a warm and cold shower.
Second academic third (about 12-13 lessons)
Lesson Objective:
1. Independent jump with feet forward.
2. Swimming with legs in a position on the chest.
A. Group building and greeting (similar to the examples above).
B. Warm-up on land: Jumping in place, jumping "soldier" from the squat. Circular movements of the legs in the ankle joint inward and outward (best of all, sitting on the side of the pool with legs hanging or outstretched). In a standing position (legs apart), turns the head to the left and right.
B. Warm-up in water: Enter the water on your own (without using a ladder). Lie in the water, holding on to the safety guard or the side of the drain groove (distance from one child to another - 1 m). From a standing position, immerse yourself under the water with your feet forward, stretch your legs down, exhale under water. After emerging, grasp the side of the drain groove with your hands, stretch out and move to the exit, helping with alternating kick movements with your legs.
Main part (about 30 min.)
A. To jump with feet forward: The group lines up in two in a row on the side of the pool; two assistants are armed with a swimming pole to provide assistance to novice swimmers in time. The instructor demonstrates the correct position of the feet (see the development of the skill "Jumping into the water") and sets the task - to perform a dismount with two legs forward and upward, and the torso should be straightened.
Exemplary exercises: one-leg dismount (with a step forward); dismount with two legs, under certain conditions with the help of a pole (holding on to the pole with two hands, then with one and, finally, grab onto the pole already in the water); dismount with push-off with two legs, raise your arms up, the safety stick is above the child's head (see Fig. 14); jump with a push upward, head position as in vertical diving (gymnastic hoops afloat for orienteering practice, see Fig. 11).
B. To advance in the water on the chest with alternating kick movements:
Independent jump with feet forward into the water, holding on to the side of the drain groove, swimming with the help of hands to the safety fence, placing along the fence with an interval of 1 m from each other. On command, start the movements of the legs, typical for crawl swimming; the instructor and assistants help children correct mistakes. The exercise is performed in series, about 30 seconds. each; during rest between series - breathing exercise.
In the future, the movements of the legs are consistent with turning the head to the left and right, then with inhalation after * a corresponding turn of the head to the side and exhalation into the water, when the head is returned to its original position.
Small swimmers hold swimming bars or boards; together with the projectile, they jump into the water, take a position on the chest and perform the movement with their legs as in crawl swimming. Moreover, attention is paid to the correct movement of the legs (from the hips) and the position of the foot for better progress. Children swim one behind the other along the side of a drain groove, a safety rope or a guardrail, so that if necessary, they can make a stop with support.
Similar exercises, but in coordination with rhythmic breathing: 4 kicks - exhale, 2 kicks - inhale. Kids are given the task - to swim a given distance without stopping using leg movements (periodically, the distance is increased).
A. Exercise for sliding from a jump: Children sit on the side of the pool at a familiar distance from each other; the head is between the hands (the forearms are pressed tightly against the ears). The feet rest against the side of the drain groove, the body is tilted forward; push off strongly with your legs and perform a somersault into the water (your head is still clamped between your hands), stretch your body, plunge into the water at a slight angle and slide to a safety rope or fence (about 2.5 m). An instructor or assistant tows the swimmers back using a pole; repeated 1-2 times.
B. The end of the lesson is the same as in the first third.
The last academic third (approximately 24-25 lessons)
1. Purposeful advancement under water (orienteering).
2. Backstroke with complete coordination of movements.
Lesson objective
Introductory part (about 15 min.):
A. Group formation and general greeting.
B. Warm-up on land: rotational arm movements in various ways:
Walking on toes, hands raised up; the trunk is straightened.
Working out the mobility of the joint: rotational movements of the feet in a sitting position inward and outward; head turns.
B. Warm-up in water: Leap into the water with feet forward from a back stance. Diving along the side of the drain groove - "Who will reach the bottom of the pool with their feet?", "Who can say what kind of face the neighbor made?" (two people dive, holding one hand on the side of the drain groove).
Main part (about 35 min.)
A. For purposeful underwater advancement: Push off the pool wall and dive under the hoop, which is vertically submerged in the water 50 cm from the surface (see fig. 49). The same, but dive through two hoops placed at a distance of 1.5 m from each other, and then swim with the help of crawl movements with the legs.
Holding on to the safety rope or safety fence, dive behind the rubber toys suspended by laces at a distance of 2 m from each other. The toys are located at a depth of 80-100 cm from the surface of the water.
Push off the pool wall and slide to a rubber ring suspended at a depth of about 100 cm (the baby is attached to a safety rope, fence or swimming bar).
Leap head first (from the side of the drain groove or pool) and advance under water (crawl with the legs) to two or three rings suspended one after the other. This exercise can be conducted in the form of a competition for two or more teams.
B. Swimming on the back with complete coordination of movements: Move the legs in the supine position with the help of a swimming board along one or two transverse lanes; leg movements in a supine position without a swimming board at a distance of 5-10 m (repeat several times).
Move the legs in a supine position 4-5 m, then turn on the alternating movement of the arms. Children swim as long as they can maintain a fully extended body position; after overcoming each distance, the instructor analyzes the errors. Short lengths with high repetitions are preferred.
The final part (about 5 min.):
A. Starting exercises for backstroke: Children line up along the edge of the drain groove at a distance of one meter from each other; one foot pressed against the pool wall, arms extended and held by the side of the drain groove. At the command ("T-o-o-l-chok!" Or "One ... two!"), Pull your arms to your shoulders, straighten your leg and vigorously push off the wall, followed by sliding on your back.
B. Conclusion of the lesson - similar to the examples given. Sometimes the instructor informs the children about a control exercise that will be performed in the next lesson.
Note. All three examples of lesson plans for toddler deep-water swimming beginner's practice provide the maximum program. At the same time, it is taken into account that the water temperature during the lesson will not be lower than 26-27 °, and the group is staffed exclusively from the older children preschool age(otherwise, changes need to be made).
Second phase
If at the first stage of primary education, children learn to confidently move in water, gain experience of correct behavior on the surface of the water and under water, then at the second stage they master the technique of sports methods of swimming. In the second stage, children should master the crawl and backstroke techniques, as well as get acquainted with the breaststroke technique and the elements of the dolphin swimming technique.
Any improvement in swimming depends on two interrelated determining factors: motor skills (study of technique) and motor qualities (development of strength, dexterity, speed, endurance).
Already at the first stage of training, the principle is used, with the help of which it is possible to achieve the greatest success in the development of motor qualities and motor skills. Its essence is to use in teaching those technical skills that the child has mastered quite firmly. For example, if a child in backstroke moves with good footwork, then it is necessary to improve this skill on longer segments, breaking them into a series of shorter ones so that the children have the necessary rest. So, for example, a distance of 150 m can be divided into 12 segments of 12.5 m each.
The following options are possible, the correct sequence of which will contribute to the systematic development of endurance and improvement of technical skills:
a) swimming on the back with the help of legs 12 X 12.5 m, rest between segments 45 sec .;
b) swimming on the back with the help of legs 2 series of 6 X 12.5 m, rest between segments for 30 seconds, rest between series for 5 minutes. During a long pause, the technique of hand movements is learned when swimming with a crawl on the back;
c) swimming on the back with the help of legs - 3 series of 4 X 12.5 m, rest between segments 15 seconds, rest between series 3 minutes. During rest, the technique of hand movements is learned when swimming with a crawl on the back;
d) backstroke with legs 6 X 25 m, rest between segments 60 sec .;
e) swimming on the back with the help of legs - 2 series of 3 X 25 m, rest between segments 40 seconds, rest between series 4 minutes. During long breaks - swimming on the back with complete coordination of movements;
f) swimming on the back with the help of legs - 3 series of 2 X 25 m, from the breath between segments for 20 seconds, rest between series for 3 minutes. During long breaks - swimming on the back with complete coordination of movements; The length of the segments depends on the length of the training pool.
g) swimming on the back with the help of legs - 3 X 50 m, rest between segments 90 sec .;
h) the same, but rest 60 sec .;
i) the same, but rest 45 sec .;
j) backstroke with legs - 2 X 75 m, rest 120 sec.
Then, the rest is gradually reduced, and the training segments are increased. Further, the length of the main distance is increased again. In the same way, you can increase the number of repetitions and the length of the training segments while learning the elements of technique and improving them. It will also lead to a continuous increase in the level of motor skills and qualities.
The second stage of primary education usually takes one academic year. Considering the workload that the child receives in school, it is recommended to have two swimming lessons per week. Experience shows that with one lesson per week, it is only possible to maintain the previously achieved level of development of motor qualities and skills, while further progress is extremely insignificant. The second stage is divided into thirds, which coincide with the academic thirds of the school year.
The first third lasts from the beginning of the school year to December 20. The second third of training begins after the new year and ends on March 31 and the third - from April 8 until the end of the school year.
The final part of the second stage of training and its highest point is the 8-14-week vacation course, which, if possible, is carried out during the stay of the children in the pioneer camp or with individual training during the parents' vacation. This course of study involves the improvement of acquired swimming skills and motor abilities.
If the first stage of teaching swimming was carried out with older preschoolers, then the second coincides with the first year of school.
on the back
Swimming on the back is carried out using alternating movements of the arms and legs. The efficiency of motor impulses for advancement and for creating dynamic lifting force is highest when the elongated body of the swimmer takes the so-called "planing" position in the water, that is, the shoulders lie slightly higher than the back, the head is slightly tilted towards the chest (however, the head is tilted too much can lead to a "sitting" position in the water).
Leg movements. Rhythmic alternate strikes up and down are performed with the legs. The motor impulse goes from the muscles of the thigh and then spreads to the entire leg, to the toes. With the alternation of impulses of movements, a downward strike is made with a straight leg. When the leg is struck upward, a slight bending at the knee is first observed. Then, upon reaching the top point, the leg is straightened. After driving in hip joint already finished, the lower leg and foot continue to move up. To increase the impact, the feet are slightly turned inward. At the top of the impact, the big toes come to the surface of the water.
Hand movements. Pulling and repulsive movements are performed with each hand in a continuous and rhythmic alternation, which impart a forward motor impulse to the swimmer's body. After that, the hand performs a movement above the water and returns to its original position for subsequent working movements. While one hand is stroking, the other moves as relaxedly as possible through the air and enters the water in front of the shoulder, approximately parallel to the imaginary longitudinal axis of the body. It is recommended for beginners to stroke in the water with a straightened hand, fold the brush with a spatula, press the fingers together.
Full coordination of movements of arms, legs and breathing. The movements of the arms and legs are performed in a coordinated rhythmic combination. The most appropriate form of such a combination is considered to be a six-beat rhythm: for each cycle of hand movements (holding the hand in the water and moving it through the air), there are three up-and-down blows with each leg (Fig. 58).
Regular breathing plays an important role in this, as it supplies the body with fresh oxygen and removes used air. Since the head does not turn to inhale when swimming on the back, breathing is not a serious problem. It is best to coordinate it with the movement of one hand: exhale - while moving the arms under water, inhale - while moving the arm through the air (see Fig. 55).
Remember - inhale only through the mouth, exhale through the mouth and nose.
crawl
The chest crawl swimming technique has a lot in common with the back crawl swimming technique. This primarily refers to the alternating movements of the arms and legs, the movement of the hand over the water and the "planing" position of the body in the water. When crawling on the chest, the head is slightly raised, so that the swimmer's eyebrows are at the level of the water surface, which causes some deflection of the swimmer's body in the lower back.
Leg movements. The legs move in the same way as when crawling on the back. True, in accordance with the change in the position of the body, the feet are slightly turned inward when the leg moves downward, which increases the percussion action of the foot. When moving up, the leg comes close to the surface of the water, but does not come out to the surface.
Hand movements. In chest crawl, the arms are used to propel forward more effectively than in backstroke because they are held under the swimmer's body. The paddling becomes longer and the water repelling effect increases.
The phase of movement of the hand under water begins with an almost straight arm extended forward, the hand is bent with a "spatula". After a slight downward movement, the arm is bent at the elbow and held under the body. The force during the stroke should increase evenly from the beginning of the stroke to the end. After vigorous pushing against the water approximately near the thigh, the hand is brought out of the water and extended forward. When moving through the air, the hand should be as relaxed as possible.
Complete coordination of movements and breathing. The movements of the arms and legs are coordinated in the same way as when swimming with a crawl on the back in a six-beat rhythm, that is, for each complete cycle of movement of the hand, there are six blows with each leg: three blows up and three blows down. However, the coordination of hand movements when swimming with a crawl on the chest is somewhat different from the movements of the hands when swimming with a crawl on the back. For example, while the left hand is in the water directly in front of the shoulder, the right hand passes under the water approximately under the right shoulder. When the left hand under water reaches the level of the left shoulder, the right one with a strong repulsion comes out of the water and moves forward. When she starts to stroke, the left hand ends the movement underwater. At the moment when the left hand, having completed its movement above the water, enters the water in front of the left shoulder, the right one passes under the water under the right shoulder. Due to the increase in effort in the second part of the stroke, the so-called pressure phase, and rapid movement above the water, these two phases of the stroke equalize in time with the initial phase of the stroke - capture and the following phase of pull-up, which is not performed with full application of forces. If the full cycle of hand movement is divided into phases: pull-ups, "push" (underwater phases) and sweep (surface phase), then each of them has two kicks (one up and one down). The phases are closely related and successively pass one into the other, ensuring the continuity of the tractive effort (Fig. 59). Breathing should be part of the overall coordination of movements, providing the body with a regular supply of oxygen and the removal of exhaust air. At the same time, extreme head turns should interfere with movement as little as possible. When exhaling, the head should be kept in the water directly on the imaginary longitudinal axis of the body. To inhale, the head is turned to the side so that the mouth appears above the surface. However, one should not excessively raise the head up or tilt towards the shoulder, that is, the rotation should be carried out around an imaginary longitudinal axis. If the head is turned to the left for inhalation, the exhalation is done while the left hand is stroking underwater.
The exhalation, if possible, should be completely completed at the moment when the phase of pressing with the hand ends. At the moment of repulsion with the hand, the head must be turned to the side, and when the hand moves forward through the air, a deep breath should be taken. At the moment the hand enters the water in front of the shoulder, the face is already lowered into the water. During the next phase of pulling up with the left hand, exhalation begins again (compare the exercises "Conscious breathing" in the second and third educational thirds of the first stage of initial training).
breaststroke
In the technique of modern breaststroke swimming, the structure of movement has undergone some changes in comparison with the old one.
When swimming breaststroke, the swimmer's body lies flat in the water, the hips are slightly lower than the shoulders ("planing" position), the head is slightly raised, the gaze is directed forward.
Leg movements. From the extended position, the shins are slowly and smoothly pulled up to the buttocks, the knees and heels are slightly apart, the feet are turned to the sides and pulled up to the shins. When the heels come to a distance of 30-40 cm to the buttocks, a sharp kick follows down and forward to the sides (stroke movement). In this case, the main supporting surfaces are the inner sides of the legs and feet. In this case, the movement of the legs is symmetrical, smooth and round. The greatest effort comes from kicking. On the contrary, pulling up the legs to the starting position is done more slowly and smoothly. After the end of the shock phase of the movements, the legs are fully extended. In all phases, they move underwater.
Hand movements. The starting position is the same. Arms are extended, palms down close to one another. At the beginning of the pull-up phase, the palms turn outward and come to an almost upright position. To better capture water, the fingers bend slightly to form a "spatula". The rowing is done side-to-back with both hands symmetrically at a depth of about 20 cm. The power of the stroke, gradually increasing, reaches its maximum approximately at the shoulder line. Then the hands, after vigorous repulsion with the palms of the water, are bent at the elbows and brought forward under the chest. Consistently continuing the movement, the hands are smoothly brought forward, with the palms connected by the index fingers, but not pressed. Stretching your arms forward simultaneously extends your shoulders forward and minimizes water resistance.
Complete coordination of movements and breathing. In breaststroke swimming, the work cycle consists of one arm cycle and one leg cycle. From a fully extended body position, the arms begin the pull-up phase. At the end of the pull-up phase, they bend and return to the starting position to kick the leg. With the help of a back-down kick to the sides, the legs create an impulse to move forward. In this phase, the arms are brought forward. After stretching the arms forward, a new cycle of movements begins.
Thus, one work cycle follows another, and the phase of passive sliding between work cycles depends on the individual characteristics of the swimmer.
The trend in modern breaststroke technique is to gradually shorten the passive glide phase. Our little swimmers, before learning the breaststroke method, have already learned the methods of the crawl on the chest and the crawl on the back and learned the inherent continuous work of these methods. Therefore, they usually strive to perform the working phases of the breaststroke one after the other, without interruption. The instructor here must pay special attention to the elongated position of the body and, as a methodological technique, deliberately tighten and lengthen the sliding phase (Fig. 60).
Breaststroke swimming typically takes one inhalation and one exhalation during a full working cycle. The exhalation is carried out through the mouth and nose into the water and ends, if possible, at the moment when the hand stroke is performed. After finishing the stroke and pulling up the elbows, some relaxation of the chest occurs and the upper body is slightly lifted. At this time, the head also rises "the mouth is shown above the surface of the water, and a deep breath is taken. Subsequently, the head is again lowered into the water, and a short breath hold is made, which increases the static lifting force of the water acting on the swimmer's body.
dolphin
The dolphin swimming technique with complete coordination of movements is mastered by children from the first academic year until the end of the second stage of basic education. However, experience shows that there are still children who master the technique of swimming with a dolphin more successfully than the technique of swimming with a breaststroke.
The dolphin swimming technique (it is also called butterfly) has features that are characteristic of both the crawl swimming technique and the breaststroke swimming technique. The similarity to breaststroke in this still young way of swimming is that the arms and legs move simultaneously and symmetrically. The similarity to the crawl is expressed in the fact that the legs perform up and down movements, and after the stroke, the arms move forward through the air. The position of the body in the water is also "planing", although it is not as pronounced as in other swimming methods due to the vertical undulating movements in the lower back.
Leg movements. For the lower part of the body, starting from the waist, wave-like movements are characteristic, which somewhat resemble the movements of the caudal fin of a dolphin (hence the way of swimming was called a dolphin).
Movement with closed legs up and down begins from the lower back and gradually extends to the hips, legs and feet. The toes are drawn in but not tense. During a downward strike, the legs are slightly bent at the knees. Then the legs are straightened, the hips go up, and the shins still finish hitting down.
The upward kick is performed with straight legs. At the top point of the lower leg, they still continue to strike upward, and the thigh already begins another downward strike, the legs are slightly bent again. To enhance the impact of the legs, the feet are slightly turned inward during the downward impact. The transition from one direction of kicking to another should take place without pauses: thanks to this, the body constantly receives motor impulses that contribute to a high speed of movement.
Hand movements. As in crawl swimming, the hands move in the water under the body (pull-up and push-down phase), then above the water (carry-over phase) and enter the water with their hands forward in front of the shoulders. However, these movements are performed with both hands at the same time. The force of the stroke increases from the moment the hands grab the water to the repulsion phase. With the last energetic push against the water, the hands are pulled out of the water and low above its surface in a relaxed state are brought forward. During movement under water, the arms are more or less bent at the elbow joints! At the end of the pressing phase and during the swing, the arms are straightened.
Hand movements when swimming with a dolphin cause significant difficulties for young swimmers at first, mainly because the simultaneous extension of both arms forward requires relatively large efforts, and the swimmer's upper body at this moment is left without any support. Therefore, it is not so easy to distribute the force of the stroke during the final push against the water and avoid a pause at the end of the movement of the arms under water. Therefore, the continuity of the transition from the underwater part of the stroke to the surface part is one of the main elements in the technique of hand movement when swimming by a dolphin.
Complete coordination of movements and breathing. When swimming by a dolphin, for each complete cycle of hand movements, there are two kicks down and up. The moment the pull-up begins with the arms, the legs are at the top point, and the hips are already performing a downward kick. During the transition from the pull-up phase to the pressure phase with the hands, the kick is maximum, and when the legs are at the lowest point, the hips already begin to move upward, while the arms end the pressure phase. Movements of the arms forward occur simultaneously with the upward kick and the feet reaching the top point of the strike. The entry of the hands into the water and the capture of the water coincides with the second "dolphin" blow, which is somewhat less in amplitude than the first blow. This description of the technique can only give a rough idea, individual deviations are possible. It is important that the movements are not interrupted, and, above all, there are no pauses after the downward kick, as this will interfere with forward movement and require additional application of forces (Fig. 61).
Breathing while swimming with a dolphin is best done in the following way: the exit begins when the hands are lowered into the water and ends with the transition of the hands from the pull-up phase to the pressure phase. During the pressing phase, the maximum dynamic force is achieved. Therefore, it is advisable in this phase to raise your head so that your mouth appears above the surface of the water, stretch your lips somewhat and take a deep, smooth breath.
At the moment of taking your hands out of the water, inhalation should be completed. As the face sinks back into the water at the end of the pull-in phase, the next exhalation during the pull-up phase is into the water through the mouth and nose. Sometimes, in order to maintain a flat position in the water for a longer time, one breath cycle is performed for two cycles of arm movements. In this case, during one of the cycles of hand movements, exhalation is delayed. This breathing option is also suitable for beginners who have more time to concentrate on correct inhalation and exhalation. In most cases, they can begin to exhale a little earlier, approximately during the forward movement of the arms in the second cycle of movements.
start
Every swimming competition starts from the start. When swimming on the back, the start is made from the water, and for other methods of jumping by jumping - from the starting table or the edge of the pool. The starting command is given by a shot, a whistle or the command "March!" The starter gives commands to the swimmers, and they take places on the starting tables. In doing so, they must correctly accept the starting position and maintain it until the starting team.
Backstroke. The swimmer enters the water on his lane and takes the starting position. At the same time, the body is in a grouping position, the legs (one slightly higher than the other) rest tightly against the wall of the pool. The swimmer's hands hold onto the side of the drain groove, a special handrail or other devices. After the start command, the swimmer releases the handrail, puts his hands forward and strongly kicks off the starting wall with his feet. The head is tilted towards the back, the body slightly bends and in a bent position with hands forward enters the water. Then the swimmer comes to the surface of the water along a gentle curve and takes a breath. Exhale through the nose while sliding underwater towards the surface. As soon as the speed obtained when pushing off from the wall begins to fade away, the swimmer, to move forward, includes his legs and then his arms in the movements (Fig. 62).
Start when swimming with crawl, breaststroke and dolphin. In the above swimming methods, the start is taken by jumping from the starting table. At the request of the starter, the swimmer takes a place on the starting table. His fingers grab the edge for a secure stop. The distance between the feet is 10-20 cm. The upper body is tilted forward, the legs are slightly bent at the knees, the arms are slightly raised behind, the gaze is directed to the path. At the command of the starter, the swimmer makes a short back-up swing with his arms, and then an energetic forward swing. At the same time, he tilts the body forward, with a strong push of the legs creates a powerful motor impulse in the direction of the jump and enters the water along a gentle curve. After that, directing the movement with his hands and head, he again goes out to the surface of the water along a gentle curve. During the jump, the head is between the hands (Fig. 63). As soon as the sliding speed decreases, the athlete, when swimming with a crawl and a dolphin, begins to move his legs, and then his arms. When swimming breaststroke, the swimmer is allowed one underwater stroke (with the hands, a stroke is made to the hips, and then, when the arms are brought forward, the legs are moved).
turn
The competition distance in most cases is longer than the length of the track on which the competition is held. Therefore, the swimmer must change the direction of movement by 180 ° one or several times, that is, make a turn.
Small swimmers should initially limit themselves to the simplest turn, commonly referred to as the tall turn.
High twist when backstroke. When approaching the wall, the swimmer is oriented either by turning the head to the side or by tilting the head to the back. As soon as the swimmer touches the wall with his outstretched hand, he performs a turn around the arm, almost coming to a position on the chest; the other hand helps this rotation. Next, the swimmer brings his legs to the wall and takes a squat position. At the same time, he keeps his head above the water and inhales. Then the legs rests tightly against the wall, the body deflects back, the arms are carried low above the surface of the water in the direction of movement. And, finally, with his legs he strongly pushes against the wall, straightens up completely and holds his head between outstretched arms (Fig. 64).
High turn when swimming with crawl, breaststroke and dolphin. As soon as the swimmer touches the wall (when crawling - with the hand in front, when swimming with breaststroke and dolphin - with both hands at the same time), he quickly pulls up his legs, while taking up a sort of sitting position, and raises his head above the water. Then, with an effort in the hip joint, he imparts rotation to the body and turns 180 °. In this phase, the swimmer takes a breath. After that, the swimmer puts his feet on the wall approximately at the height of the pelvis, brings his arms forward (the head is between the outstretched arms) and strongly pushes off the wall with his legs; the body straightens, and at the end of the slide, the swimmer switches to swimming movements, as after the starting jump (Fig. 65).
When crawl swimming, the turn is always made to the "open" side, that is, if the swimmer touches the wall right hand, to the left. When swimming breaststroke and dolphin, the swimmer must touch the wall with both hands at the same time. After touching, the hands are assisted in rotation by pressing firmly on the water in the opposite direction of rotation.
sports swimming methods
The general rule when teaching all sports swimming methods is the methodical sequence: "movements of the legs - movements of the arms - complete coordination of movements - breathing". This principal sequence does not exclude, however, the simultaneous study of respiration and movements of the arms and legs.
The study of each movement begins with its demonstration. The show helps the little swimmer to better understand the structure and rhythm of the movements being learned. The child receives the first "visual, idea of movement, and seeks to reproduce it. However, he will receive a full idea of the movement only after he himself performs it, feeling the influence of water. Thanks to the constant repetition of the exercises, the alternation of tension and relaxation of muscles is fixed and as a result of the movement of the swimmer. become more economical.
To the method of teaching backstroke
Experience shows that little swimmers easily master the skill of alternating kick movements and achieve relatively good results already at the first stage of training. Increasing the volume of exercise strengthens this skill and improves overall endurance. Touching the wall with your hand when turning in crawl swimming is a methodical technique for young swimmers. According to the rules of the competition, you can touch the swing wall with any part of the body.
Feet movements are taught first with the help of a swimming board, and then without it, after pushing off from the pool wall. At first, you should strive to ensure that children keep their hands loosely lowered along the body and do not row with their palms, as this creates harmful skills.
In another, more difficult exercise, one arm is extended along the body, and the other is extended forward in the direction of movement. Hand positions change periodically. Then the exercise is made more difficult: the swimmer stretches both arms up and at the same time connects the thumbs. It is possible to recommend the crossed position of the hands when backside the right hand is facing to the left, and the back of the left hand is facing the right (with both little fingers pointing down).
When teaching a beginner to alternate stroking movements of the hands when swimming on the back, it is sometimes used next exercise: backstroke, with a partner holding the swimmer by the legs. At the same time, it is important that the little swimmer correctly conducts his hand in the working phases of the stroke and vigorously brings his hand out of the water for the next sweep.
The movements of the arms and legs gradually begin to be performed with complete coordination. To help the little swimmer master the rhythm of movement, counting is used aloud and silently. Exercises are first performed on short segments many times, and as the technique improves, the distance increases. However, for the sake of increasing the distance, the quality of the movements should not be neglected, as this may entail the wrong skills.
Breathing is included in the overall coordination of movements as the last element of the technique. In this case, it is advisable to orient children to the movements of one hand: exhale during the working movement, and inhale while moving over the water.
To the method of teaching crawl swimming
The crawl swimming methodology is similar to the backstroke swimming training method.
However, the movement of the legs when swimming in crawl is somewhat more difficult than when swimming on the back. When learning to move the legs without a swimming board, you need to pay attention to the fact that the arms are extended forward, and the hands are superimposed on one another. This facilitates the elongated position of the body and provides support for the head.
When practicing hand movements, you can use the instructions given in the previous section. For repetition, periodically include exercises from the first stage of training: standing on an incline in water deep to the chest, perform hand movements with a crawl. This is advisable in cases where the child cannot understand the nature of the application of efforts in the stroke or when he again encounters breathing difficulties with full coordination of movements.
When swimming with complete coordination of movements, you should pay attention to the fact that the children swim in the beginning for short periods, where there is no need to turn their head to the side to inhale. Children can swim this way up to 8 m.
When connecting breathing to the general coordination of movements, it is advisable to return to the familiar exercises from the first stage of training, in which breathing was associated with turning the head to the side. For example, an exercise where breathing is consistent with the movements of the arms when the swimmer is standing at the bottom of the pool. Only the head turns and only so much that the mouth for inhalation appears above the surface of the water. Children need to be reminded that turning the body is a serious mistake. Very often, young swimmers find it convenient to perform one breathing cycle (inhalation and exhalation) not for one cycle of movements, but for two. This can be resolved. To prevent children from developing the habit of turning their head to inhale only in one direction ("chocolate side"), it is necessary to regularly change the inhalation side. In the future, small swimmers should learn breathing, performed every three strokes.
To the method of teaching breaststroke swimming
Breaststroke swimming differs significantly from swimming with alternating kick strokes. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the movements of the legs. For children to understand the fundamental difference between breaststroke swimming and other swimming methods, this movement must be shown on land and then in water. Movement demonstrations and exercises are performed while lying on a bench. The little swimmer lies on the end of the bench so that his knees and shins are unsupported.
The shins are lifted to the buttocks, knees and heels together. Then the knees are slightly parted to the sides, and the lower legs perform a blow in the outward-backward direction (Fig. 66).
When learning this movement, the instructor or partner puts a little resistance with his hands on the soles (feet) of the student in order, on the one hand, to help perform the movement correctly, and on the other hand, to cause a certain feeling of resistance.
It is useful to carry out these same exercises in water. Students can hold onto the side of the drain groove, swimming pole, crossbar with their hands. Only after the kick is performed correctly, one should proceed to working out this movement with the help of a swimming board.
Hand movement during breaststroke swimming is usually less difficult, since children can control its implementation. At first, it is recommended to practice hand movements while standing in the water at a depth to the hips or to the chest, leaning forward so that the chin touches the surface of the water.
To practice hand movements, an exercise in pairs can be used: the child lies stretched out on the water and makes movements with his hands, and the partner follows and supports him by the legs.
When swimming breaststroke, breathing must be coordinated with the movements of the hands.
During the transition to swimming with complete coordination, the greatest difficulties are encountered when working out the rhythmic alternation of movements. The instructor can help the little swimmer by giving the commands "Legs - Arms - Legs - Arms!", Which will create the required rhythm.
In contrast to swimming methods with alternating kick movements in breaststroke, after pushing off the wall and sliding, the movements begin with a hand stroke. The training segments are gradually increased so that the children can maintain the rhythm of the movements and maintain the correct technique.
It is equally important that children practice breathing techniques. The exhalation is carried out into the water, coincides with the raising of the arms and ends with the end of the stroke. The inhalation is done while pulling the arms to the chest. During the extension of the arms forward, the swimmer holds his breath somewhat. Since the rhythm of breathing most clearly coincides with the movements of the hands, it is advisable to study breathing already during preliminary exercises for the hands, and then at all stages of training to coordinate breathing with the general coordination of movements.
To the method of teaching swimming by a dolphin
Dolphin swimming (trunk and leg movements) is similar to alternating kick leg movements. The only difference is that the legs perform simultaneous up and down movements, to which the undulating movements of the body join. Therefore, very often the dolphin method begins to be learned after the backstroke and crawl methods.
The movements of the arms and legs when swimming by the dolphin should be clearly shown in the water. Previously, these movements should be learned on land using a crossbar, where you can show the undulating movement of the body in the hang.
It is best to start learning the movements of the dolphin way in the water from the supine position. At the same time, the least difficulty in breathing is observed, children can see the instructions of the instructor and control their movements.
Key instructions: first, the stomach moves up, then the legs are joined together, the big toes on the upward impact come to the surface of the water.
In the future, the "dolphin" kick is learned in the water in an upright position: small swimmers hold their hands on the side of the drain groove, a pole or a swimming bar. The resistance of the water felt during movements allows us to understand their nature (Fig. 67). The teacher can control the movements of the little swimmer well if he performs them in a lateral position (fig. 68).
When training in a position on the chest, the little swimmer rests with his arms outstretched on the swim board.
In accordance with a different position of the body, the key instructions here are different:
First, the abdomen moves down, then successively the hips, legs and feet;
The legs should not stop at the end of the upward movement; they immediately move downward;
At the end of the upward movement, the legs come close to the surface of the water.
Once the children have made some progress, they can also swim short stretches without the aid of a swim board.
Hand movements when swimming by a dolphin are learned while standing in the water or when walking along the bottom, slightly bending the legs. As with breaststroke swimming, arm movements can be practiced with the help of a partner who is supporting the swimmer by the legs. All exercises must adhere to the following key guidelines:
Use your hands to stroke under the body;
At the end of the stroke with your hands, you should not pause - immediately start moving your hands through the air;
Put your hands in the water in front of your shoulders.
When mastering hand movements, it is recommended to carry out several cycles without interruption so that children can correctly follow the key instructions. This instruction also applies to the training of movements with complete coordination. After pushing off from the wall and sliding, one movement is performed with the legs, arms extended forward; then, for four or six kicks, respectively, two or three complete cycles of arm movements are made. Subsequently, the number of cycles of hand movements is increased to two to four with four to eight kicks.
Little swimmers have a lot of fun when the movement is combined with dolphin jumping (see fig. 54). Usually, after a jump, two or three complete cycles of movement are performed, and then the jump follows again.
Breathing technique presents great difficulties for young swimmers. From the very beginning, you need to accustom them to such a breathing cycle in which one inhalation and exhalation falls on two cycles of hand movements. In this case, the sequence of movements is disturbed less, and the time for concentrating attention on exhalation is more. The coordination of breathing with hand movements can be practiced in water to the depth of the chest.
To the method of learning the start
Small swimmers learn to start in a supine position rather quickly. Children should push off the wall so that, if possible, fly up above the water a little, enter the water flat, slide in an extended position, and then, successively, with the help of movements with their legs and arms, go to swimming on their backs.
At first, for most children, such a requirement seems unusual: after pushing off, bend over, and when entering the water, go into an extended position. As an approaching exercise, you can use "dolphin" jumps back in the water to the depth of the hips - to the chest. In order for children to better understand the bent position, it can be somewhat exaggerated, and as an exception, put your legs on the side of the drain groove for repulsion.
With the help of repeated repetitions, the flight path over the water and the path of movement under water become more and more gentle, and, eventually, the little swimmer moves from start to swimming movements.
The starting jump for other swimming methods was learned at the first stage of initial training. All exercises used there can be considered as leading and reinforcing.
A new element for the little swimmer is the inclusion of a swinging movement of the hands in the jump technique, with the help of which the repulsion force is increased. This movement also affects the direction of flight of the body, length of flight and entry into the water.
If possible, the practice of the starting jump should be started from a small height above the surface of the water and gradually increased to the height from which a normal start is performed.
With the help of a light swimming pole, which the instructor holds in front of the start at a certain height and at a certain distance, you can teach the child to the correct take-off angle and the correct angle of entry into the water (if there is a danger that the starter will hit the pole, the instructor must quickly move the pole down, to avoid any damage).
The main attention should be paid to strong repulsion, fully erect body position during flight and when sliding underwater.
Small competitions: "Who will slide the farthest after the start?", "Who will slide the 5 meter segment faster?" (the distance from the pool wall to the swimmer's feet is measured) - help to master the start.
With further training, a smooth transition from sliding to swimming movements is worked out. The starting jump in breaststroke is performed first without moving the arms under the water, and only after the little swimmer starts to start cleanly, it is allowed to make one stroke with his hands under water.
For all starting jumps (this also applies to turns), pushing power and speed of reaction are important prerequisites.
Responsiveness is best developed in exercise, where children are required to perform certain movements at high speed in response to visual or auditory cues.
Under the starting command, long jumps, high jumps, jumps with a turn, running a race, etc. are performed. All starting jumps into the water are also performed under the starting command.
To the method of teaching turns
Good cornering performance depends on three factors:
1) from a rapid change in the direction of movement (reaction speed);
2) from the most expedient way of changing the direction of movement (dexterity);
3) from strong repulsion (pushing force).
The first and third factors include the instructions that were given when practicing the starting jump. The second factor must constantly evolve. Children must perform numerous exercises in the water, in which the body rotates around the longitudinal, transverse and vertical axes.
Here are some of these exercises:
a) rotation around the longitudinal axis:
Half-turn: from the supine position to the supine position and vice versa;
Full turn: from the supine position again to the supine position, and from the supine position - to the supine position. When performing these exercises, the body must be kept in the most elongated position possible;
Half-turn around the longitudinal axis with a vertical position of the body in the water: turn with your face, and then with your back to the teacher;
Full rotation around the longitudinal axis with the body in the vertical position in the water;
Full revolution with simultaneous forward movement.
In the last three exercises, bent legs are actively involved, which, with the help of a strong jerk with the hips, give an impulse to movement. Rotations can be performed without participation and with the help of hands (palms press on the water in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation);
b) rotation around the transverse axis of the body:
Somersault forward (at first, you can use the swimming bar);
Somersault back.
Hands take part in somersaults (palms press on the water in the direction opposite to rotation). In contrast to backward rolls performed on land, when rolls in water, the head tilts backward, thus creating a certain arching position of the body;
c) rotation around the vertical axis of the body (in the supine position):
Free rotation with bent legs;
Half turn on command;
Full turn on command.
When rotating around the vertical axis, the legs are bent, the head is slightly tilted to the chest. The rotation is created with the help of hand movements (palms press on the water in the opposite direction of rotation).
All rotations are performed first in free water, then near the wall, and finally with touching the wall, turning by 180 ° and pushing away from the wall. Later, after the rotation, a slide is performed, and then the legs and arms are included in the movement.
After leading exercises (including pushing off the wall), the following methodological sequence is recommended for practicing turns on the back:
the swimmer lies on his back, one hand is extended behind his head and touches the wall, the other is along the body under water; legs make light alternating movements. At the signal, the legs are brought to the wall, followed by pushing off and sliding. The same exercise is performed with a preliminary swim up to the wall, and then with the transition from sliding to swimming movements.
Turns in crawl, dolphin and breaststroke swimming have many common features in terms of the structure of movements. However, you should pay attention to the fact that the touch of the wall when turning is different in these swimming methods.
It is very convenient to practice turns on short paths (across the pool). If there is no such path, and the small swimmer does not have sufficient endurance, you can work out turns on the water to the depth of the neck. When practicing turns, it is recommended to use competition forms only when small swimmers are able to perform turns cleanly enough.
After the little swimmers have mastered everything that they need to learn in the second stage of initial training, they need to be transferred for further regular training in the swimming section of the sports society or sports club... Maybe in one of the water sports: swimming, water polo, diving or artistic swimming - they are waiting for the joy of competition and even the laurels of the winners.
3.3 Water games
When teaching children to swim, it is necessary to include games and entertainment on the water in the activities. They help to understand the character of the child, teach him to be independent, initiative, mutual assistance, and camaraderie. In addition, games are held with the aim of repeating and improving the elements of swimming technique. There are three types of games used in swimming classes: simple games, story games and team games. The simplest games involve an element of competition and require no prior explanation. These are games like"Who will hide under the water faster?", "Who has more bubbles?" etc.The competitive element awakens in the children the desire to complete the task better, makes the classes more emotional, and increases interest in swimming.
Story Games - the main teaching material in swimming lessons for children of primary school age. They are usually turned on after children have become comfortable with the water. If a story game has complex rules, it must first be explained and played out on land. Explaining the game, you need to talk about its content, rules, choose a driver and divide the players into groups of equal strength.
Team games usually taught in class with middle school children. This includes almost all games:"The ball to your coach," Water polo "and others, as well as team relay races. During the struggle between two teams, it is important to follow the rules of the game and the discipline of its participants. The instructor must not-slowly suppress rudeness, violation of the rules, unfriendly behavior. After the end of the game, he announces the results, names the winners and losers, and always notes the participants who showed their best side.
Water games and entertainment are held at the end of the main and final parts of the lesson, for 10-15 minutes. The choice of the game depends on the objectives of the lesson, the depth and temperature of the water, the number, age and fitness of the students. All students must participate in each game. Only exercises known to children should be included in the game. In cool water, games with movements performed at a fast pace should be carried out.
Games with overcoming water resistance"Who is higher?" Standing in the water, sit down, push off the bottom with your feet and jump out of the water as high as possible. Walking with hand strokes "Who is faster?" Running in the water with hand strokes. "The sea is worried." Standing in one line, those playing on the command "The sea is worried" diverge in any direction (they were dispersed by the wind). At the command "It's quiet at sea" quickly take their places. At the same time, the instructor thinks: "One, two, three - we got into place." The latecomer is deprived of the right to continue the game. "Waves at Sea". The players line up. Then they hold hands and, sitting down, lower them into the water. Perform movements with both hands to the right to the left, lifting waves. "Fish and the Net", Choose two drivers. The rest of the players scatter. Drivers, holding hands ("net"), try to catch a "fish" - for this they need to close their hands around the caught player. The caught player joins the drivers, forming a "network" with them. The game ends when all the "fish" are caught.
Immersion games
"K. Who will hide under the water faster?" At the instructor's signal, the children squat down and plunge into the water. The players join hands and walk in a circle. Counting aloud to ten, they inhale and plunge into the water. Then they get up, and the round dance moves in the opposite direction. "Train and Tunnel." The players line up in a column and put their hands on each other's belts, forming a "train". Two players stand facing each other, holding hands (hands are lowered to the surface of the water) - this is a "tunnel". In order for the "train" to pass through the "tunnel", its "cars" dive in turn. After the entire “train” has passed the “tunnel”, the depicting “tunnel” are replaced by the guys from the “train.” “Sit on the bottom.” At the instructor's command, the children sit on the bottom, plunging headlong into the water. The players stand in pairs facing each other and hold hands. One by one they plunge headlong into the water: as soon as one emerges from the water, the other crouches down and hides under the water. The players stand in a circle. At the command "Pike!" "Frogs" jump up, at the command "Duck!" - are hiding under the water. The person who has executed the command incorrectly goes to the middle of the circle and continues the game together with everyone.
Floating and lying on the water games
"Float", "Medusa".
"Fifteen with a float." "Pyatnashka" is trying to insult one of the players. Fleeing from the "tag", they take the "float" position. If the "tag" touches the player before he took this position, they change places.
Exhale water games
"Who has more bubbles." The players immerse themselves in the water and exhale for a long time. The instructor determines the winner by the number of bubbles on the surface of the water.
"Vanka-Vstanka". The players are divided into two ranks, stand opposite each other and hold hands in pairs. At the first signal from the instructor, players of one rank descend under the water and take a deep breath (eyes open). On the second signal, the players of the second rank are immersed in the water.
Eye-opening games in the water
Find the treasure. The instructor throws an object to the bottom. At his command, the players immerse themselves in the water and try to find and get this object. The players are divided into two lines and stand facing each other at a distance of 1 m. At the instructor's signal, they begin to spray water in each other's faces. Those who do not turn away and close their eyes win. During the game, you must not approach and touch each other with your hands. The players alternately move along the bottom of the pool in a given direction. The guideline for movement can be a strip running in the middle of the pool, or objects laid out on the bottom. In order not to go astray and to better see the landmark, the players lower their heads into the water.
Sliding and Swimming Games
"Slide forward." The players stand in a line and perform a slide on the chest and on the back.
Torpedoes. Those who play on the instructor's command perform a slide on the chest with. crawl with your feet. Then they do the same on their backs "Who will win?" Swimming (with the help of hands) crawl ^ on the chest and breaststroke on the back.
"Relay race". The game involves two teams. Players can swim in any way. If they have mastered all sports swimming methods, the instructor conducts combined relay races, where participants swim in different ways using their feet.
Ball games
"Fight for the ball". The players are divided into two teams. Players of the same team, swimming in any direction, throw the ball to each other. The players of the second team try to take the ball away; Once the ball is caught, the teams switch places.
Volleyball in the water ”. The players are located in a circle and, hitting the ball, pass it to each other. At the same time, they try to prevent the ball from falling into the water as long as possible.
"The ball to the coach." The game involves two teams. The first is built on one side of the pool, the second on the other. Each team has a coach. He participates in the game, standing on the side of the pool opposite from his team. The players strive to take possession of the ball located in the center of the field, and, tossing it with both hands, try to give the ball into the hands of their coach. The team that managed to do this the most times wins.
Fun in the water
"Who will find the object thrown to the bottom?" “Who will slip 5 (6) m near the surface of the water?
"Ball in a circle". The players stand at the bottom and throw the ball to each other. The players stand in a column one by one at a distance of 2 m from each other and lean forward. The last player jumps over everyone in front.
Who will win ?. Two players, grabbing each other with their feet, row as much as possible with their hands, trying. drag your partner behind you "Flying Dolphin". Standing on the bottom, the players jump out of the water up and down and, throwing their hands forward, enter the water again. At the same time, they try to straighten the body and slide forward under water. The most optimal ways to learn swimming is a crawl on the back and chest Crawl on the chest On land1. Crawl leg movements. Sit, resting your hands on the back, lean back (straighten your legs, pull your socks). Move the legs under the instructor's account: "one", "two", "three", etc. Perform the movement from the hip with a small swing. 2. Crawl leg movements while lying on the chest. 3. Hand movements by crawl in a standing position with a slope. Performed first with one hand and then with two hands. 4. Coordination of hand movements with breathing. It is performed first with one and then with two hands.
In the water 1. Crawl leg movements in the position of support on the bottom or side of the pool. Lie on your chest, rest your Hands on the bottom or side of the pool; straighten the body to pull off the socks. Perform crawl leg movements; trying to create a fountain of splashes 2. Swimming with the board using crawl foot movements. 3. Sliding on the chest with crawl leg movements and different positions of the arms (extended forward; one in front, the other at the thigh; along the hips) 4. Exhales into the water in a standing position with a tilt and turn of the head to inhale. 5. Crawl hand movements. Standing at the bottom, bend forward (chin by the water; one hand in front, the other behind at the thigh). Perform hand movements, as in crawl swimming 6. The same with movement along the bottom. 7. Coordination of hand movements with a crawl with breathing in a standing position on the bottom with a forward bend. At first it is performed with one hand, and then with two 8. Sliding with hand movements by the crawl (holding the breath for 10-15s) .9. Crawl swimming with breath holding. 10. Crawl swimming with a gradual increase in distance. Back crawl On land 1. Crawl leg movements in a sitting position 2. "Mill" - performing circular movements with the hands in the backward direction. 3. "Mill" with stamping (three steps for one "stroke" by hand). In the water 1. Sitting on the side of the pool, lower your feet into the water. Crawl leg movements. 2. B. position on your back, grab the side (hands shoulder width apart). Crawl with your legs. 3. Sliding on the back with a crawl movement of the legs. Hands in position at the hips. At first, you can support the body with stroking movements of the hands. 4. Slide on the back with crawl leg movements (arms extended behind the head) 5. Backstroke with legs with different hand positions: behind the head, at the hips, one in front, the other at the hip. 6. Backstroke with legs and split arm strokes. Starting position of the hands: one in front (behind the head), the other at the thigh. Make a stroke with one hand and bring the other hand forward through the air. Pause followed by leg movement. Then make a stroke with the second hand and bring the first hand through the air to and. etc. - etc. 7. Backstroke crawl at a distance of 5 (10) m holding the breath while inhaling. 8. Backstroke crawl with a gradual increase in distance.
Chapter 4. Methods of teaching swimming
When teaching swimming, three main groups of methods are applied -verbal, visual, practical). Using an explanation, a story giving instructions, an assessment of the action, etc., it allows students to create an idea of the movement being studied, to understand its form, content, and to comprehend and eliminate errors. The short, figurative and understandable speech of the teacher determines the success of the application of these methods. In addition to solving educational problems, the teacher establishes relationships with students, influencing their feelings. Emotional coloring of speech enhances the meaning of words, - helps to solve educational and educational problems, stimulates activity, confidence, interest. Taking into account the specifics of swimming, the instructor conducts all the necessary explanations, discussions, etc. on land - before or after classes in the water. When the group is in the water, the instructor gives only laconic commands, orders so that the children do not freeze. For example, he says: “Now we will perform a slide on the chest. Stretch your arms forward. Take the starting position. Take a breath - "push" (the last command is given by voice or whistle). After completing the exercise, when the guys got to the bottom and turned to face the instructor, the results are summed up: “Good. The body must be kept tense, more stretched forward. Now let's see who will slip the longest. Take the starting position. Take a breath and ... ”Thus, with the help of commands, the instructor, as it were, controls the group and the course of training.
All tasks in the lesson are performed under the command; it is served briefly, in a commanding tone. Teams determine the beginning and end of the movement, the starting positions when performing tasks, the place and direction for carrying out educational tasks, the pace and duration of their implementation. The teams are divided into preliminary and executive teams. With children of primary school age, teams are used with great restrictions. Counting in swimming is used only in the initial period of training - to create the required pace and rhythm of movements. Counting is carried out by voice, claps, monosyllabic instructions: "one-two-three, one-two-three", etc. -: when studying movements with crawl legs: short "inhale and long" exhale "- when mastering exhalation into water. In addition to commands, it is necessary to give methodological instructions that prevent possible errors and evaluate the results of the exercises.They most often specify certain points and conditions correct execution exercises. So, when performing a slide on the back, the instructor can indicate that the exercise will work out only in that case; if the practitioners take a lying position instead of sitting
As you know, training exercise options for learning swimming techniques differ significantly from swimming techniques in a perfect, masterful performance. Therefore, in order to achieve the necessary movements "during the initial training in swimming, the instructor has to give sometimes inaccurate explanations from the point of view of high technical skill. The result of these at first glance incorrect explanations is the least number of mistakes and quick mastering of the training version of the swimming technique. For example, explaining the movements with the legs and crawl, the instructor says: “Legs and arms should be; be straight and tense, like sticks.” Of course, the legs and arms are impossible, and they should not be held in this way: while swimming, meeting the resistance of the water, they will bend as much as necessary for a correct stroke. This orientation allows; to avoid a typical mistake for all beginners - excessive bending of the legs and arms. Visual methods include showing exercises and swimming techniques, training visual aids, motion pictures, as well as the use of gestures. Along with a figurative explanation, visual perception helps to understand the essence of the movement, which contributes to its rapid and durable mastering. The role of visual perception in teaching children is especially important. Strong in a pronounced tendency to imitate, especially in junior schoolchildren, makes visualization the most effective form of teaching movements in a holistic form, and with dividing the movement into parts (slowed down its execution, stops in the main phases). Hand rowing in a fret, for example, is learned with hand stopping in the three main phases of the stroke. During stops, it is recommended to strain the arm muscles 2-3 times for 3-5 seconds. However, you do not need to get carried away with the implementation of the swimming technique in parts. Once trainees have gained an understanding of the general swimming method, they should swim as much as possible. The instructor demonstrates the training versions of the technique on land, while in the water - the practitioners who are better at this exercise. The show is carried out not only before the start of the lesson (on land), but also during it.
The effectiveness of the show is determined by the position of the instructor in relation to the group: 1) the instructor must see each student in order to correct his mistakes; 2) the trainees must see the demonstration of the exercise in a plane that reflects its shape, character and amplitude.
Mirroring is only used when learning simple general developmental exercises. A negative display (“how not to do it”) is possible only if the students do not get the impression that they are being mimicked.
Practical methods. When teaching swimming, all exercises are first learned in parts, and then reproduced in a holistic manner. Thus, the study of swimming techniques follows an integral and separate path, which provides for the repeated execution of individual elements of the technique, aimed at mastering the swimming technique as a whole. Learning in parts makes it easier to master swimming techniques, avoids unnecessary mistakes, which shortens the training time and improves its quality. Learning as a whole is used at the final stage of mastering the swimming technique. We emphasize that the improvement of swimming technique is carried out only through the holistic performance of swimming movements.
Competitive and play methods are widely used in initial swimming training. Both methods bring animation, joy, emotions to the class. Before an exercise is included in a game or competition, it must be performed by the whole group. The element of competition mobilizes strength and capabilities, promotes the manifestation of will, perseverance, initiative, increases the dynamism of classes. The method of direct assistance is used if, after explaining and showing the task, the beginner still cannot complete it. The instructor takes the hands (feet) of the student in his own hands and helps him to reproduce the movement correctly several times.
Conclusion
Thus, when teaching swimming, the following main tasks are solved: - health promotion, hardening of the human body, instilling persistent hygiene skills;
Learning swimming techniques and mastering the vital swimming skill; - all-round physical development and improvement of such physical qualities as strength, flexibility, endurance, speed, agility;
Familiarization with the safety rules on the water.
Swimming can be taught to children from infancy. Swimming exercises strengthen the child's musculoskeletal system, develop physical qualities such as endurance, strength, speed, joint mobility, coordination of movements; they also form a “muscle corset” in a timely manner. contributes to the development of good posture, preventing curvature of the spine, eliminate excitability and irritability.
When teaching swimming, general developmental, special physical exercises are used, exercises for mastering with water, for learning swimming techniques, simple jumps into the water, games and entertainment on the water.
Swimming exercises eliminate postural disorders, flat feet, harmoniously develop almost all muscle groups - especially the shoulder girdle, arms, chest, abdomen, back and legs. Swimming perfectly trains the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Belits-Geyman S.V. Swimming / M: Enlightenment 2000
2. Bulgakova N.Zh. Swimming / M: Enlightenment 2001
3. Vasiliev V.S. Teaching children to swim / M: Physical culture and sports 1999
4. Kislov A.A. , Panaeva V.G. Neptune Gathers Friends / M: Enlightenment 1998
5. Makarenko L.P. Swimming / M: Physical Education and Sports 1999
6. Firsov ZP Swimming for all / M: Physical Education and Sports 2001
Terminology for making a lesson outline
Body parts movements.
For the correct writing of a lesson plan - a synopsis and conducting physical education lessons, as well as extracurricular activities in sports circles and sections, we recommend using the following terminology of body parts movements:
Basic head movements:
- Head tilts: right, left, forward, backward.
- Head turns: right, left.
- Circular movement of the head: right, left.
- Head movements: right, left, forward, backward.
Basic hand positions:
- Hands down.
- Hands forward
- Hands up.
- Hands to the side.
- Hands back.
Intermediate hand positions:
- Hands forward and down.
- Hands forward and outward.
- Hands up and forward.
- Hands back down.
- Hands to the sides, downward.
- Hands up to the sides.
Basic positions with bent arms:
- Hands on your hips.
- Hands on the belt.
- Hands to your shoulders.
- Hands in front of the chest.
- Hands on your head.
- Hands behind your head (in the lock).
- Hands in front of you
- Hands behind your back.
Circular hand movements (starting position of the hand down):
- Circle your arms forward.
- Circle your hands back.
- Circle with your hands outward.
- Circle your hands inward.
- Circle your arms to the right.
- Circle your arms to the left.
- Opposite movements.
Torso movements:
- Incline.
- Tilt back
- Tilt to the right.
- Tilt to the left.
- Half tilt.
- Bend over bend.
- Grasping tilt.
- Spring-loaded slopes.
- Turning the torso to the right.
- Turning the torso to the left
- Circular movements of the trunk to the right.
- Circular body movements to the left.
- Pelvis to the right.
- Pelvis to the left.
- Circular motion with the pelvis to the right.
- Circular movements of the pelvis to the left.
Racks:
- Main rack.
- Stand feet together (closed).
- Narrow stand.
- Stand feet apart.
- Wide stand.
- Stand right (left).
- Stand right (left) apart.
- Stand crosswise to the right (left).
- Stand on toes.
- Kneeling stand.
- Stand on the right (left) knee.
- Stand "Freely", "Freely right (left)".
Squats
- Semi-squat.
- Semi-squat with a back bend.
- Squat.
- Round squat.
- Squat on the right leg (left).
- Semi-squat on the right leg (left).
- Spring squats.
Stops:
- The emphasis is sitting down.
- Emphasis on the right (left) knee.
- The emphasis is squatting on the right leg (left), the left leg (right) forward on the toe.
- The emphasis is squatting on the right leg (left), the left leg (right) to the side on the toe.
- The emphasis is squatting on the right leg (left), the left leg (right) back on the toe.
Lying rests:
- The emphasis is lying.
- The emphasis is lying on the right (left) hand.
- The emphasis is lying on bent arms.
- The emphasis is lying on the forearms.
- The emphasis is on the hips.
- The emphasis is on the hips and bent arms.
- Lying on the hips and forearms.
- Support lying sideways.
- Support lying behind.
- The emphasis is lying behind on bent arms.
Standing supports:
- The emphasis is standing bent over.
- Support standing feet apart.
Back seated supports:
- The emphasis is sitting in the back.
- Support sitting behind the legs apart.
- The emphasis is sitting in the back with the legs bent.
- The emphasis is sitting at the back of the corner.
- The emphasis is sitting behind the corner of the legs apart.
- Support sitting on the back of the heels.
- Sitting back rest on the right (left) heel.
Sedy:
- Sed.
- Gray legs apart.
- Gray with bent legs.
- Sitting at the corner.
- Sed with a grip.
- Sitting with the angle of the legs apart.
Mahi:
- Swing right.
- Swing to the right.
- Swing right back.
- The same left
Lunges:
- Lunge right.
- Lunge to the right.
- Lunge right back.
Lying position:
- Lying on your back.
- Lying on your stomach.
- Lying on the right side.
- Lying on the left side.
Basic starting points in pairs:
- Standing facing each other, join hands - arms to the sides, up, forward, on the shoulders, etc.
- Standing with your backs to each other, join hands and arms - to the sides, up, under the elbows, etc.
- Standing facing each other, hands on partner's shoulders, right leg in the partner's left hand.
- Standing at the back of the head to each other, hands on the partner's shoulders, right leg in the partner's left hand.
- Tilt, bending over to face each other, hands on shoulders (hold hands).
- The emphasis is sitting down facing each other, hands on shoulders (hold hands).
- Squat back to each other, hold hands (arms to the sides, up, under the elbows).
- Sitting facing each other, holding hands (the same legs apart).
- Sitting at an angle (the same legs apart).
- Support sitting behind (the same legs apart).
- Gray with bent legs.
- Support sitting behind bending legs (right forward).
- Gray on the heels facing (back) to each other.
- An emphasis is sitting behind with backs to each other (take under the elbows).
- Kneeling, facing (back) to each other.
- Gray legs on the right (left).
Methods of gripping the switchgear in pairs:
- Finger grip.
- Grip on the lock (fingers intertwined).
- Grip on the thumbs
- Direct (normal) grip of the palms of the partners' hands of the same name, wrist joints between the index and middle fingers.
- Face grip, hands transversely to palms to each other with opposite hands.
Municipal budgetary educational institution of additional education for children "Children and Youth Sports School No. 2"
WORKING PROGRAMM
swimming
for children and youth sports schools
Cherepovets
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1. Explanatory Note 3
Section 2. Organizational and methodological features of long-term training 4
Section 3. Plan for the youth sports school athletics 6
Section 4. Stage initial training 7
Section 5. Educational-training stage 7
Section 6. Stage of sports improvement 9
Section 7. Educational work and psychological preparation 11
Section 8. Medical support and medical control 12
Section 9. Rehabilitation means and measures 13
Section 10. Instructor and Judge Practice 13
Section 11. Legislative framework. fourteen
Appendix 1. Mode of educational work and occupancy
training groups by stages of preparation 15
Appendix 2. Approximate curriculum of training sessions 16
Appendix 3. Correlation of means of general, special physical and special training 17
Appendix 4. Indicators of competitive load in the annual cycle 17
Appendix 5. Requirements for the qualifications of athletes admitted to competitions 18
Appendix 6. Control and translation standards 19
APPROVED BY
by order of the director
MBOU DOD "DYUSSH № 2"
dated December 29, 2011 No. 01-05 / 125
Adopted at the meeting of the Pedagogical
Council MBOU DOD "DYUSSH №2"
12/29/2011 protocol No. 2
Section 1. Explanatory note
This swimming program is drawn up in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation dated July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education", Federal Law No. 329-FZ dated December 4, 2007 "On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation", Model Regulations on an Educational Institution additional education for children, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.12.2006 No. 752, guidelines on organizing the activities of sports schools (letter of the Federal Agency for Physical Culture and Sports dated December 12, 2006 No. SK-02-10 / 3685) and an exemplary swimming program for the system of additional education for children: DYUSSH, SDYUSHOR.
The work program includes normative and methodological parts and contains scientifically grounded recommendations for the construction, content, organization and implementation of the training process at various stages of the long-term training of swimmers.
It provides for the consistency and continuity of the long-term process of the formation of swimmers' skill, continuity in solving the problems of strengthening the health of young athletes, fostering a persistent interest in sports, creating the prerequisites for achieving high sports results. When developing it, the advanced experience of teaching and training young swimmers, the results of scientific research on youth sports, practical recommendations on age physiology and sports medicine, on theory and methodology were taken into account. physical education, pedagogy, hygiene, psychology.
The structure of the program provides goals and objectives, program material for sections of training (theoretical, physical, technical) and years of study, means and forms of training.
Normative part curriculum includes:
mode of educational work and the number of study groups by stages of preparation (Appendix 1)
an approximate curriculum of training sessions (Appendix 2)
the ratio of the means of general, special physical training and special training (Appendix 3)
indicators of competitive load in the annual cycle (Appendix 4)
requirements for the qualifications of athletes allowed to compete (Appendix 5)
control and transfer standards (Appendix 6).
The swimming work program has been drawn up for all participants in the educational process (children, pedagogical workers, parents (legal representatives) and is obligatory for execution.
Training is carried out in sports groups, the occupancy of which is regulated by the requirements of the training stage, safety rules and sanitary and hygienic standards, and is fixed by the Order of the MOU DOD "DYUSSH No. 2" No. 01-05 / 58 dated 01.09.2010.
The main forms of the educational and training process are:
group training sessions;
theoretical lessons (conversations, lectures, watching videos on sports topics and etc.);
control tests;
control competitions.
training camps;
demonstration performances;
participation in sports events (relay races, games, contests, quizzes, etc.).
passing practical control tests in general and special physical training;
participation in competitions of various levels.
Section 2. Organizational and methodological features of long-term training
The many years of training for swimmers are based on the fundamental principles sports training young athletes:
The completeness principle provides for a close relationship of all aspects of the educational and training process (physical, technical and tactical, psychological and theoretical training, educational work and educational activities, pedagogical and medical control).
The principle of continuity determines the sequence of presentation of the program material by stages of training and its compliance with the requirements of higher sportsmanship in order to ensure the continuity of tasks, means and methods of training, the volumes of training and competitive loads, the growth of indicators of physical and technical-tactical readiness in the long-term educational and training process.
The principle of variability provides, depending on the stage of long-term training, the individual characteristics of a young athlete, the variability of the program material for practical training, characterized by a variety of training tools and loads aimed at solving a specific pedagogical problem.
An important issue of planning the educational and training process is the distribution of program material in the annual cycle and its detailing by weekly cycles as the main structural blocks of planning. The ratio of time allotted to certain types of training, depending on the specific circumstances, may vary. This is influenced by such factors as the availability of a material base, the possibility of holding training camps and competitions, climatic conditions, the period of ice on the rinks, etc. However, at the same time, the general orientation of the training process should be preserved, implying a gradual increase in the specific weight training loads for special physical and technical-tactical preparation for the beginning of the competitive period.
The recruitment of athletes to the children's and youth sports school takes place at the age of 7 years and older.
The long-term preparation process is divided into stages: initial training (from 7 to 8 years old), educational and training (from 9 to 13 years old) and sports improvement (from 14 to 18 years old).
The growth rates of individual physical qualities in boys and girls have a great influence on the periodization of the age stages of training. Summarizing the data of various studies, the following age periods of athletes can be considered the most effective in terms of the growth rates of physical qualities. In the long-term training process, one should take into account the age-related characteristics of the development of the body, in particular, such patterns as non-simultaneous (heterochromic) development of physical qualities and functions of the body.
For the age period of training swimmers from 6 to 18 years old, it was revealed that various organs and systems of the body are formed and mature unevenly. The development of various systems in ontogenesis should be considered in connection with the general patterns of the formation of the organism, expressed in the sequential change of phases, stages and periods of development as a whole.
The study of ontogenesis led to the identification of dynamics in age zones and the characteristics of morphological and functional changes in the organism within different periods. It has been determined, in particular, that various organs and systems and the organism are formed, mature, and develop unevenly during the period under consideration.
The educational and training stage covers the age of 9 - 13 years. This age is characterized by the maximum growth rate of body length, simultaneously with a sharp increase in the total mass of muscles, their strength also increases, especially at the age of 13. By the age of 14-15, muscles in their properties differ little from the muscles of adults. Basically, the development of muscle innervation is completed, which makes it possible to perform long-term performance of finely differentiated movements. During this period, the age-related development of coordination of movements ends, the ability to perform both intense short-term loads and long-term work increases. Aerobic capacity is increased to a greater extent than anaerobic capacity.
The age of 14-18 falls on the stage of sports development. At this age, not only growth is practically completed, but also ossification of long bones, bones of the feet and hand, the fusion of the pelvic bones ends. This age is characterized by a significant increase in muscle tissue and an increase in muscle strength.
Based on the generalization of the given data, it is possible to identify approximate age boundaries for the period of study at the educational-training stage and the stage of sports improvement.
Sensitive periods have significant individual fluctuations associated with the onset of biological maturity. The greatest increase in all qualities occurs during puberty at the age of 12-15 years for boys and 11-13 years for girls. The predominant orientation of the training process according to the years of training of young swimmers is determined taking into account the sensitive periods of morphofunctional development and growth of physical qualities. It is especially important to observe proportionality in the development of general and special endurance, speed and speed-power qualities.
Taking into account the peculiarities of the development of physical qualities and the level of physical fitness allows you to correctly solve the issues of choosing the means and methods of training, standardizing training and competitive loads, determining individual indicators of physical fitness in the long-term educational and training process of young figure skaters.
Section 3. Plan for the Youth Sports School in swimming
When drawing up the thematic plan, the mode of educational and training work per week was taken into account, calculated for 46 weeks directly in the conditions of a sports school and 6 weeks for training in a sports and recreation camp and according to individual plans for the period of their active rest. With an increase in the total annual volume of hours, the ratio of time for various types of training changes over the years of study.
From year to year, the proportion of loads on sports-technical, special physical, tactical and integral training is increasing. Gradually decreases, and then stabilizes the volume of loads aimed at RP.
The thematic plan reveals:
The scope of the main parameters of preparation;
Distribution of the volume of fixed assets of training by week (46 weeks);
A set of control tests on the stages of preparation and the timing of the pedagogical control;
The planning of the annual training cycle for students of sports schools is determined by:
Tasks that are set in the annual cycle;
Patterns of development and formation of sports form;
Periodization adopted in a particular sport;
Calendar and system sporting events, including the timing of the main ones.
The distribution of time in a thematic plan for the main sections of training by years of study is carried out in accordance with the specific tasks of long-term training.
Section 4. Initial preparation phase
In children aged 6-9 years, the processes of maturation of tissues and organs with a decrease in the intensity of their growth prevail. During this period, most organs reach full functional development. The morphological differentiation of the cells of the cerebral cortex and liver is coming to an end, there is an enhanced development of skeletal muscles, a moderate increase in the size of the heart, and the structural differentiation of the myocardium comes to an end.
Jr school age is a very favorable period for learning new movements. Approximately 90% of the total amount of motor skills acquired during life is mastered at the age of 6-12 years. Therefore, the inclusion of a large number of various movements is the main requirement for the content of physical training in children of this age. The more varied movements will be learned during this period, the easier it will be to master complex technical elements in the future.
The predominant orientation of the training process in the groups of initial training is the development, first of all, of such qualities as general endurance (aerobic capabilities), flexibility, speed of movements. The predominant methods of training sessions on land should be mobile and sport games.
The main tasks when working with groups of initial training:
health promotion;
the acquisition of versatile physical fitness;
mastering the elements of the four ways of swimming, starts and turns;
instilling interest in sports and identifying the inclinations and abilities of children for swimming;
education of sports character traits.
Section 5. Educational and training stage
The educational-training period of preparation and the period of sports improvement fall on the end of the second childhood and adolescence. At the end of the second childhood in girls at 11 years old, in boys at 13 years old, a quiet period of development ends and puberty begins with its characteristic first phase - the phase of increased growth.
At 12 years old for girls and 13 years old for boys, the rate of metabolic processes increases sharply, which is accompanied by an increase in the rate of annual growth of the body in length.
Swimming experience as well as Scientific research conducted in this direction, show that the long-term training of athletes, covering a period of 10-16 years, should be planned taking into account the biological processes of age development.
5.1. Training in educational and training groups
girls and boys 10 years of age:
improving the technique of swimming crawl on the back, on the chest, breaststroke and dolphin, starts and turns;
the formation of the correct skill of those swimming movements that are not directly related to physical qualities (movement of the body, head, preparatory movements, etc.);
the development of the speed of performing movements to the starting signal, a high tempo of the legs in the crawl on the chest and on the back under facilitated conditions of their movements, the development of speed by non-specialized exercises;
the development of power capabilities mainly by non-special means, through the development of motor efforts in conditions of overcoming a relatively small (20-40% of the maximum) resistance;
development of general endurance when using mainly outdoor games and teaching aids from the arsenal of sports games;
development of mobility in the joints, rotation of the spine, coordination abilities.
girls and boys 11 years of age:
improving the technique of all sports methods of swimming, starts and turns, taking into account individual characteristics;
the formation of the correct skill of those motor actions that are not associated with physical qualities (movement of the body, head, preparatory movements);
the development of speed-power capabilities mainly by non-specialized means, through the implementation of a quick motor effort in the conditions of overcoming a relatively small (20-40% of the maximum) effort;
education of general endurance mainly by non-special means (sports games, skiing, rowing, etc.);
development of joint mobility, spinal rotation and coordination abilities through exercises on land and in water;
girls and boys 12 years of age:
For girls:
education of general endurance by performing long-term swimming exercises in the 2nd zone of intensity, i.e. increasing the level of general performance by means of volumetric swimming;
education of general endurance through sports games, ski training, rowing and other means not related to swimming movements;
education of lightness, economy and variability of movements in the basic methods of swimming. Formation of movements characteristic of high-class swimmers, not associated with the manifestation of specific strength;
development of strength endurance mainly by means of other sports;
development of joint mobility and rotation of the spine;
introduction of sprint specialization.
5.4. Training in educational and training groups
girls and boys 13 years of age:
For girls:
education of general and special endurance through swimming exercises in the 3rd and 4th zones of intensity, as well as by means from other sports (sports games, skiing and hiking trips, and etc.);
development of strength endurance, maximum strength, jumping ability, special strength with the help of special exercises on land and in water, as well as exercises from other sports;
improving the technique of the chosen and additional methods of swimming, starts and turns. Working out individual elements of movements (trajectories, angles of flexion in the joints, accelerations, etc.) typical of adult swimmers;
development of joint mobility and rotation of the spine;
education of fighting qualities, the ability to tactically correctly swim various distances;
development of speed qualities at distances of 25 and 50 m.
5.5. Training in educational and training groups
girls and boys 14 years of age:
For girls:
development of general and high-speed endurance at medium and long distances by introducing microcycles with shock loading into training in the competitive period, with rigid modes that cause increased mobilization of body functions;
the development of special strength endurance through overcoming effort equal to 40-50% of the maximum, the development of maximum strength with the help of progressively increasing resistance, with the help of short-term maximum stresses, by the method of isometric stresses, the development of fast strength by exercises on land and in water with a reduced resistance to movement;
the study of motor actions in sports swimming methods, starts and turns, characteristic of swimmers of the highest qualification;
choice of a narrow specialization;
education of fighting qualities and skills of tactical combat at the main distance.
Section 6. Stage of sports improvement
The main principle of educational and training work at this stage is specialized training, which is based on taking into account individual characteristics. The annual cycle is based on the calendar of the main competitions. Against the background of the general increase in the number of hours, the volume of special loads increases significantly.
6.1. Training in educational and training groups
girls and boys 15-16 years old:
For boys:
education of general and special endurance through swimming exercises in the 3rd and 4th zones of intensity, as well as by means of other sports;
development of strength endurance, maximum strength, jumping ability and fast strength with the help of special exercises on land and in water, as well as exercises from other sports;
the study of motor actions in sports swimming methods, starts and turns, characteristic of highly qualified swimmers;
development of speed qualities at distances of 25 and 50 m;
development of adaptive capabilities through the use of separate training sessions with heavy loads;
expanded narrow specialization in accordance with the displayed abilities;
development of speed of movement through specialized and general exercises on land and in water;
development of speed-strength qualities with the help of special exercises on land and in water;
development of general endurance by swimming in the 2-4th intensity zones;
development of speed endurance at the main and long distance;
girls and boys 17-18 years old:
the development of special strength endurance when working with a weight of 60-80% of the maximum effort with the help of progressively increasing resistance, short-term maximum stresses, by the method of isometric stresses, the development of fast strength with a reduced resistance to movement by exercises on land and in water;
development of adaptive capabilities through training with rigid training regimes that cause deep mobilization of body functions;
choice of a narrow sports specialization;
development of speed endurance and anaerobic capabilities with the help of swimming exercises in the 4th intensity zone;
development of general endurance through volumetric swimming in the 3rd intensity zone;
education of fighting qualities and skills of tactical combat at various distances.
an increase in the total volume of training work in comparison with the previous year;
increasing training sessions with heavy loads;
use in the classroom in a large number of rigid training regimes that cause deep mobilization of body functions;
expansion of competitive practice;
the use of additional funds that intensify the recovery processes after stressful loads;
development of adaptation to mental tension in the training process by creating tough competition and competitive environment in the classroom.
Section 7. Educational work and psychological preparation
In the process of many years of training, a coach must take into account all the factors influencing students and find his place in the educational process. Gradually, especially with the growth of sports results, the influence of the coach on young swimmers becomes more and more, and during this period he can solve the most difficult problems of education. Therefore, the personal qualities of a coach, his positive example play an important role in the formation of the human qualities of a young athlete.
The educational work of the trainer in a correct and unobtrusive form begins with the establishment of companionship between the students, the establishment of mutual assistance when performing the exercises, and joint discussions of training plans. It is extremely important to organize the leisure of young athletes, attendance at major all-Russian and international competitions.
Theoretical knowledge is of great importance in the education system, which gradually introduce young swimmers into the world of high-performance sports.
In the future, theoretical knowledge can be devoted to critical analysis of performances at competitions, training sessions, testing.
Skilled young swimmers must have a high working capacity and, therefore, tremendous hard work, which should be nurtured in training sessions during special events. Also, young athletes should know that reaching new heights in sports is associated with a further increase in loads, what to go through training process everyone should be under medical supervision without deteriorating health.
Great successes are usually associated with achieving the intended result or defeating an opponent. The training process is constantly related to development. volitional qualities athlete.
A qualified young athlete must have a strict daily routine: study, rest, sleep, exercise, adherence to the diet.
The athlete's will is based on the principles of morality, on the desire to glorify his country, region, city. And also a sense of duty to the team - the ideological basis that ensures the purposefulness, will to win, persistence and perseverance of the athlete.
The coach must constantly teach young swimmers not to bypass, but to overcome the difficulties encountered, with which training and competition are always associated.
Young athletes should be fostered with self-confidence, courage, and determination. The will to win - its upbringing and manifestation is inextricably linked with all moral and volitional qualities.
Competitions play an important role in fostering the will to win. However, the will to win in connection with overcoming difficulties can also be nurtured in everyday life.
Volitional qualities are improved in the struggle with the difficulties created by the external environment, in the struggle with oneself. In this case, self-education plays the main role. To develop your will and character to the required extent, you need a lot of self-awareness in order to achieve high sports results.
The main task of psychological training is the formation of sports motivation, confidence in achieving the goal, perseverance, emotional stability.
The goal that the coach sets for the athlete should be realistic, based on knowledge of his capabilities and objective prerequisites for the planned result. Only with a deep conviction that he has every opportunity to achieve the intended goal in a given period of time while creating its importance, a young athlete develops an inner readiness to fight for its achievement. The coach must skillfully maintain the athlete's aspiration and internal readiness to achieve this goal.
In the training process and in competitions, an athlete has to overcome difficulties that are due to the individual psychological characteristics of his personality. They arise in the mind of an athlete in the form of corresponding thoughts, feelings, experiences and mental states, in connection with the need to act in certain conditions and cannot be understood in isolation from them.
The fulfillment of labor training tasks and the development of complex exercises arouses positive emotional experiences, a sense of satisfaction in a young athlete, and gives confidence in their abilities.
Section 8. Theoretical training
The acquisition of theoretical knowledge allows young athletes to correctly assess social significance sports, to understand the objective laws of sports training, to consciously relate to the classes and fulfillment of the coach's tasks, to be creative in training and competitions.
The theoretical material is studied during conversations, special lectures, watching sports films, using visual aids, as well as through self-education - studying special literature on the instructions of a trainer.
Approximate topics of theoretical training:
"The state and development of sports swimming in Russia and abroad",
"The structure of the human body and the impact of sports on the development of organs and functions",
"Technique of sports swimming, starts and turns, technique of passing relay races",
"Fundamentals of Sports Swimming Technique",
"Basics of teaching technique swimming",
"Characteristics of training at the stage of educational work and sports improvement",
"General and special physical training of a swimmer on land and in water",
"Psychological preparation",
« Medical supervision, self-control, basic means of recovery, first aid for injuries and injuries on the water ",
Athlete's Hygiene,
"Training planning, diary methodology",
"Rules, organization and conduct of competitions",
"Sports facilities, equipment, inventory, fitness equipment for swimmers."
Section 9. Rehabilitation measures and means of psychological recovery.
The use of recovery aids should be an integral part of every workout plan. All numerous means of restoration are divided into three groups: pedagogical, psychological, medico-biological.
Pedagogical remedies for recovery.
The most natural of all those used are pedagogical remedies. The use of these means involves both the use of individual exercises and the competent construction of training in the class, micro-, meso- and macrocycles. O correct use pedagogical means can be said when an athlete, after a series of classes, has an increase in fitness and an increase in working capacity due to the fulfillment of the load and the accumulation of energy resources.
Psychological remedies for recovery.
Psychological remedies include:
autogenous training;
psychoprophylaxis;
psycho-muscular training, suggestion, muscle relaxation, sleep, rest;
psychoregulatory training, revitalizing therapy, specially distracting factors, intense individual or collective rest, exclusion of individual emotions.
Psychological means of recovery are used in educational and training groups, and especially in groups of sports improvement. In the groups of initial training, psychological recovery is achieved by building lessons in a playful way, according to the circuit training scheme, by frequently changing various exercises.
Medical and biological means of recovery.
Medical and biological means of recovery: balanced diet, vitaminization, massage and its varieties, sports rubbing, hydro and balneotherapy, physiotherapy, balneotherapy, pharmacological and herbal remedies.
When planning the use of rehabilitation means, it is necessary to take into account that the course of recovery processes is determined both by the orientation of the training work, and by the volume and intensity of loads in the lesson, the micro- and mesocycle of training, and the frequency of participation in competitions. The nature of recovery depends on the age, health status of the athlete at the moment, the level of his preparedness, the influence of the external environment.
Section 10. Instructor and Judge Practice
Students of educational and training groups and groups of sports improvement of the first and third years of study are regularly involved as assistant coaches for conducting training sessions and sports competitions in primary training groups and educational training groups. They should be able to independently carry out warm-up, physical training, training in basic technical elements and techniques.
Those involved in sports improvement groups should be able to compose sets of exercises for individual training tasks, select exercises to improve the technique of techniques, correctly keep a log of classes, register the volume and intensity of the training loads performed, be involved in conducting classes and competitions in general education schools, at enterprises and institutions located in the area where the sports school operates.
Those engaged in sports improvement groups must know the rules of the competition well and be systematically involved in judging city and regional competitions, be able to organize and conduct competitions inside the sports school and in the district. In the third year of training at the stage of sports improvement, students fulfill the necessary requirements for assigning them the title of sports instructor and judge.
Section 11. Legislative framework.
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation;
2. Law of the Russian Federation of 10.07.1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education";
3. Federal Law of 04.12.2007 No. 329-FZ "On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation";
4. Standard regulation on educational institution of additional education for children, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.12.2006 No. 752;
5. Convention on the Rights of the Child (adopted by the UN Assembly on 20.11.1989);
6. Charter of the municipal budgetary educational institution of additional education for children "Children and Youth Sports School No. 2";
7. Order of the MOU DOD "Children's and Youth Sports School No. 2" No. 01-05 / 58 dated 01.09.2010 "On the number of study groups and the volume of training load";
8. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated April 03, 2003 No. 27 "On the introduction of sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards SanPiN 2.4.4.1251-03";
and other federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the relevant bodies of education, physical culture and sports, regulations of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local government bodies.
ANNEX 1
MODE OF TRAINING WORK AND THE FILLING CAPACITY OF TRAINING GROUPS ON STAGES OF PREPARATION MBOU DOD "DYUSSH № 2"
SWIMMING
|
Study groups |
Minimum age of enrollment |
Discharge at the beginning of the year |
Minimum number of students in a group |
Maximum number of hours per week |
|
NP-1 g. |
from 7 years old |
b / r |
15 people |
6 o'clock |
|
NP-2 g. |
from 8 years old |
b / r |
12 people |
9 o'clock |
|
NP-3 g. |
from 8 years old |
3 junior |
12 people |
9 o'clock |
|
UTG-1 g. |
from 9 years old |
2-3 junior |
10 people |
12 hours |
|
UTG-2, ob. |
from 10 years old |
2-1 junior |
10 people |
12 hours |
|
UTG-3 g. |
from 11 years old |
1 junior 3rd rank |
8 people |
18 hours |
|
UTG-4 g. |
from 12 years old |
3-2 rank |
8 people |
18 hours |
|
UTG-5 g. |
from 13 years old |
2-1 rank |
8 people |
18 hours |
|
GSS-1 g. |
from 14 years old |
CCM |
5 people |
24 hours |
|
GSS-2 g. |
from 15 years old |
CCM |
3 persons |
28 hours |
|
GSS-3 g. |
from 16 years old |
CCM |
3 persons |
28 hours |
APPENDIX 2
SAMPLE LEARNING PLAN FOR TRAINING AND TRAINING LESSONS
MBOU DOD "DYUSSH № 2"
SWIMMING
|
P / p No. |
Types of preparation |
Preparation stages |
||||||||||
|
GNP |
UTG |
GSS |
||||||||||
|
1 year |
2 year |
3 year |
1 year |
2 year |
3 year |
4 year |
5 year |
1 year |
2 year |
3 year |
||
|
1. |
general physical preparation |
194 |
291 |
291 |
386 |
374 |
240 |
240 |
240 |
406 |
408 |
348 |
|
2. |
Special physical training |
49 |
73 |
73 |
136 |
356 |
572 |
572 |
572 |
660 |
850 |
900 |
|
3. |
Theoretical preparation |
6 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
20 |
32 |
32 |
32 |
26 |
28 |
30 |
|
4. |
Control and transfer tests |
4 |
8 |
8 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
|
5. |
Participation in competitions |
15 |
20 |
20 |
28 |
28 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
|
6. |
Instructor and referee practice |
4 |
8 |
8 |
12 |
12 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
16 |
20 |
20 |
|
7. |
Recovery activities |
36 |
54 |
54 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
70 |
80 |
90 |
|
8. |
Medical examination |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Total hours |
312 |
468 |
468 |
624 |
832 |
936 |
936 |
936 |
1248 |
1456 |
1456 |
|
APPENDIX 3
RATIO OF MEANS OF GENERAL, SPECIAL PHYSICAL AND SPECIAL TRAINING MBOU DOD "DYUSSH № 2"
SWIMMING
|
Funds preparation |
|
Educational and training groups (%) |
|
||||||||
|
1st year |
2-3rd year |
1st year |
2nd year |
3rd year |
4th year |
5th year |
1st year |
2nd year |
3rd year |
||
|
OFP |
girls |
65 |
65 |
60 |
55 |
35 |
30 |
- |
25 |
20 |
15 |
|
boys |
65 |
65 |
60 |
55 |
50 |
45 |
40 |
35 |
30 |
25 |
|
|
SFP |
girls |
35 |
35 |
40 |
45 |
65 |
70 |
- |
75 |
80 |
85 |
|
boys |
35 |
35 |
40 |
45 |
50 |
55 |
60 |
65 |
70 |
75 |
|
APPENDIX 4
COMPETITIVE LOAD INDICATORS IN AN ANNUAL CYCLE
MBOU DOD "DYUSSH № 2"
SWIMMING
|
Stages Preparations Quantity competitions and control tests |
Initial training groups (%) |
Educational and training groups (%) |
Sports perfection groups (%) |
||||||||
|
1st year |
2-3rd year |
1st year |
2nd year |
3rd year |
4th year |
5th year |
1st year |
2nd year |
3rd year |
||
|
On the land |
girls |
- |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
- |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
boys |
- |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
In water |
girls |
6 |
8 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
- |
14 |
16 |
16 |
|
boys |
6 |
8 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
14 |
16 |
16 |
|
APPENDIX 5
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF ATHLETES MBOU DOD "DYUSSH No. 2", ALLOWED TO COMPETITIONS
SWIMMING
|
List of competitions |
Age of admission |
Sports level preparedness (sports category) |
|
|
girls |
boys |
||
|
School championship |
All ages |
With no restrictions |
|
|
Championship of the school, city, region |
All ages |
With no restrictions |
|
|
School championship, cities, regions, territorial |
13 years old |
14 years old |
Youth ranks |
|
14 years old |
15 years |
III category |
|
|
15 years |
16 years |
II category |
|
|
16 years |
17 years |
II category |
|
|
Championship of school, city, region, territorial, inter-territorial |
13 years old |
14 years old |
II category |
|
14 years old |
15 years |
I rank |
|
|
15 years |
16 years |
I rank |
|
|
16 years |
17 years |
CCM |
|
|
Championship of the city, region, republic, championship and cup of Russia |
14 years old |
15 years |
I rank |
|
15 years |
16 years |
I rank |
|
|
16 years |
17 years |
CCM |
|
APPENDIX 6
REVISION AND TRANSLATION STANDARDS
SWIMMING
|
Control exercises |
GNP |
UTG |
GSS |
|||||||||
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
4th |
5th |
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
||
|
Shuttle run, 3x10 m, s |
M |
10,0 |
9,3 |
9,1 |
8,8 |
8,5 |
8,2 |
8,8 |
8,5 |
8,2 |
||
|
D |
10,5 |
9,8 |
9,6 |
9,4 |
9,2 |
9,0 |
9,4 |
9,2 |
9,0 |
|||
|
Medicine ball throw 1 kg, m |
M |
3,8 |
4,5 |
5,3 |
7,5 |
9 |
- |
7,5 |
9 |
- |
||
|
D |
3,3 |
4 |
4,8 |
6 |
7 |
- |
6 |
7 |
- |
|||
|
Long jump from a place, cm |
M |
155 |
170 |
190 |
195 |
200 |
190 |
195 |
200 |
|||
|
D |
140 |
155 |
170 |
180 |
185 |
170 |
180 |
185 |
||||
|
Pulling up on the bar, times |
M |
4 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
|||
|
D |
6 |
10 |
12 |
15 |
18 |
12 |
15 |
18 |
||||
|
Swimming 200 m / pl |
M |
- |
3.08,0 |
2.42,0 |
2.30,0 |
2.25,0 | ||||||
|
D |
- |
3.35,0 |
3.06,0 |
2.47,0 | ||||||||
|
Swimming 800 m / s |
M |
- |
13.50,0 |
12.47,0 |
11.00,0 |
10.13,0 | ||||||
|
D |
- |
14.50,0 |
13.50,0 |
12.08,0 | ||||||||
|
Sliding length |
M |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 | ||||||
|
D |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 | |||||||
|
Slip time |
M |
- |
- |
7,3 |
7 |
6,7 | ||||||
|
D |
- |
8 |
7,5 |
7 |
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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
MOU DO Children's health and educational center
Director of DOOC MKU "Resource Center" Deputy Director for Water Resources Management
Yu.Yu. Tyurin city of Bodaibo and region Yu.V. Lyutoeva
2013 ____________________ _______________ 2013
2013
Working programm
"Swimming"
(adapted)
For students from 7 to 18 years old
Compiled by L.N.Boldyreva
trainer-teacher,
Bodaibo
2013
Explanatory note.
The swimming program was compiled on the basis of an exemplary sports training program for the sports school and sports school, admitted by the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture and Sports, publishing house "Soviet Sport", Moscow, 2004.
This program is intended for the preparation of swimmers in sports and health groups (SOG), in initial training groups (GNP), educational and training groups (UTG).
The program is designed for children aged 7-18. The term for the implementation of this program is 5 years. Grading system, non-judgmental. Program participants, NP-1 groups, three hours a week (117 hours a year, 39 weeks) and NP-2, 5 times a week (195 hours a year, 39 weeks).
Material base: swimming pool "Metallist", gym.
The novelty of the program lies in the fact that it is aimed at solving a single learning problem, and integrated approach training and health improvement of school students.
The issues of physical development of schoolchildren are presented as the basis for the prevention of disorders. Therapeutic swimming, providing natural unloading of the spine with simultaneous muscle training, is part of the entire therapeutic complex.
A special emphasis in the program is made on the use of such methodological approaches that allow working with each child individually, developing personal qualities that contribute to the formation of a culture of attitudes towards their health, cognitive and physical activity in children.
Target:
Formation healthy way life, attracting students to systematic physical education and sports;
Professional self-determination;
Health promotion and all-round physical development (development of physical, intellectual and moral abilities);
Achievement sporting success according to the individual abilities of children and adolescents.
The objectives of the program differ depending on the stage of preparation.
Initial training stage (NP). The stage enrolls persons who want to play sports and do not have medical contraindications (with the written permission of a doctor). If the number of those wishing to train exceeds the recruitment plan, the coaching council of a sports school may decide on the sports orientation of children for swimming in NP or SOP groups based on a comprehensive assessment of the correspondence of motor abilities, motivation and physique features to the requirements of swimming. Stage duration is 2-3 years. At the NP stage, physical culture, health-improving and educational work is carried out, aimed at versatile physical training and mastering the basics of the technique of the chosen sport, the choice of sports specialization and the fulfillment of control standards for admission to the educational training stage of preparation.
The main tasks of preparation:
Improving health and hardening;
Elimination of deficiencies in physical development;
Attracting the maximum possible number of children and adolescents to swimming, the formation of their stable interest, motivation for systematic sports and a healthy lifestyle;
Mastering vital swimming skills;
Teaching the basics of all swimming techniques and a wide range of motor skills;
Acquisition of versatile physical fitness by children: development of aerobic endurance, speed, speed, strength and coordination capabilities;
Education of moral, ethical and volitional qualities, the formation of a sports character;
Search for sports talented children based on morphological criteria and motor giftedness.
Educational training groups (UTG) are formed on a competitive basis from healthy and practically healthy students who have shown the ability to sports swimming who have undergone the necessary training for at least one year and have fulfilled the acceptance standards for general physical and special training. Stage duration is 4-5 years. Translation by years of study at this stage is carried out subject to the fulfillment of the control and translation standards for general physical training.
The main tasks of preparation:
Strengthening health, hardening;
Elimination of deficiencies in the level of physical fitness;
Mastering and improving the level of general and special physical fitness; harmonious improvement of basic physical qualities with an emphasis on the development of aerobic endurance;
Formation of interest in purposeful long-term sports training, the beginning of intellectual, psychological and tactical training;
By the end of the stage - determination of the predisposition to sprint or stayer distances;
Education of physical, moral, ethical and volitional qualities; prevention of bad habits.
The main forms and methods of Chebno-training work in sports schools are: group lessons; individual sessions; participation in competitions of various ranks; theoretical studies (in the form of conversations, lectures, viewing and analysis of educational films, film rings, film or video recordings, watching competitions); classes in a sports camp, training camp; medical rehabilitation activities, participation in competitions and shows. Athletes of older age groups must participate in the judging of the competition and can be involved in the conduct of certain parts training session as an assistant coach.
EXPECTED PROGRAM OUTCOMES
As a result of studying the program, the student should know:
Swimming exercise names.
Swimming methods and teaching items.
The impact of swimming on health.
Hygiene, safety and emergency rules.
Each student should be able to: swim 15 meters freestyle and master: any three types of swimming.
Contents of the program
Preparation sections
NP - 1
NP - 2
Theoretical preparation
OFP
SFP
Technical training
8 5
128
Competitions
Instructor and referee practice
Control tests
Total
117
195
Contents of the sections.
The main means of teaching swimming include the following groups of physical exercises:
General developmental, special and simulation exercises on land;
Preparatory exercises for water mastering;
Training diving;
Water games and entertainment;
Exercises for learning sports swimming techniques.
General developmental and special physical exercises are used in order to:
increasing the level of general physical development of those involved;
improving the basic physical qualities that determine the success of learning and training in swimming (coordination of movements, strength, speed, endurance, joint mobility);
organizing the attention of those involved and preliminary preparation for the study of the basic educational material in water.
With the help of preparatory exercises for mastering with water, the following tasks are solved:
the formation of a complex of reflexes (kinesthetic, auditory, visual, tactile, respiratory and vestibular), corresponding to the basic properties and conditions of the aquatic environment;
mastering the working posture of a swimmer, a sense of support on the water and breathing in the water - as preparation for the study of the technique of sports swimming;
elimination of instinctive fear of water - as the basis of psychological preparation for training.
Exercises to familiarize yourself with the density and resistance of water.
Tasks:
quick mastery with water, elimination of the feeling of fear of a new, unusual environment;
familiarization with temperature, density, viscosity and water resistance;
the formation of the ability to lean on the water and push off from it with the main rowing surfaces: palm, forearm, foot, lower leg (this is necessary in the future to master the stroking movements of the arms and legs).
Head-diving, diving and eye-opening in water.
Tasks:
elimination of instinctive fear of immersion in water;
familiarization with the buoyancy of water;
training in opening eyes and orientation in water.
Floating and lying on the water.
Tasks:
familiarization with the unusual state of hydrostatic weightlessness;
mastering the skill of lying on the water in a horizontal position;
mastering a possible change in body position in the water.
Exhale into the water.
Tasks:
mastering the skill of holding the breath while inhaling;
the ability to exhale-inhale while holding the breath while inhaling;
mastering exhalations into water.
Slides.
Tasks:
mastering balance and streamlined body position;
the ability to stretch forward in the direction of movement;
mastering the working position of the swimmer and breathing.
Training diving.
Tasks:
elimination of instinctive fear of water and quick mastery with an unusual environment;
preparation for the successful mastering of the starting jump and elements of applied swimming.
Water games.
Games to familiarize yourself with the density and resistance of water.
Head-diving and eye-opening games in the water.
Float and lay on the water games.
Games with exhalations into the water.
Sliding and swimming games.
Water jumping games.
Ball games.
First year of study
Swimming training.
Water reclamation exercises:
Diving with open eyes and holding your breath;
Lying on the chest and back with a blurry position of the hands;
Sliding on the chest, on the back, on the side;
Exercises "float", "jellyfish", "star";
Jumping into the water from a low board;
Outdoor games in the water: "seine", "carp and ducks", "frogs", "tug", etc.
2. Exercises for studying the technique of sports methods of swimming starts and turns:
2.1. Swing on the chest:
At the side (support);
Without support with different hand positions;
With a board.
2.2. Exercises with hands with breathing:
Standing at the bottom of the movement with your hands;
Holding your breath with a board.
2.3. Exercises to align arms and legs with crawl breathing on the chest:
At the support (side);
Without support, alternately;
With clutch board.
2.4. Back stitch:
Exercises to move the legs on the back:
but). at the support (side);
b). without support with different hand positions;
Exercises of movement with hands on the back:
but). without support (without moving the legs, in sliding);
b). with a board;
but). alternately movements of arms and legs;
b). for clutch;
in). simultaneous movement of arms and legs.
2.5. Breaststroke:
Breaststroke leg exercises:
but). at the support;
b). with a board;
in). without support;
Breaststroke arm movement exercises:
but). standing at the bottom;
b). with a board;
in). without support (kicking, dolphin);
Exercises to align arms and legs with breathing:
but). separately (arms with a catch of the legs);
b). for the least number of strokes.
2.6. Butterfly - dolphin:
Foot Movement Exercises - Dolphin:
but). with support;
b). with a board;
in). without support (on the side, on the back, with a blurry position of the hands);
Hand Movement Exercises - Dolphin:
but). standing at the bottom;
b). with a board;
in). with legs crawl on the chest, breaststroke;
Exercises to align the arms and legs of the dolphin way:
but). separately (3-shock or multi-shock dolphin).
2.7. Starts:
On the back:
but). sliding with legs crawl, dolphin;
b). with the movement of hands under water (one or both hands);
Start on the chest:
but). sinking into the water from a sitting position on the side;
b). sinking into the water from a sitting position on the side;
in). starting jump from the bedside table with different positions of the hands, arms above (with a swing of the arms);
2.8. Turns:
A flat open turn when swimming with crawl on the chest, breaststroke, dolphin, on the back.
General physical preparation.
Drilling, walking, running.
General developmental exercises:
Swinging movements of the hands forward, backward;
Alternately moving hands forward, backward;
Tilts forward, to the side;
Move the legs alternately while sitting on the floor with the support of the arms behind;
Relaxation exercise;
Coordination exercise.
Second year of study
Swimming training.
Exercises for mastering the technique of sports methods of swimming, starts and turns of improvement in technique.
Swing on the chest:
Swimming in complete coordination.
Swimming with one hands.
Swimming with one hand and legs, the other at the hip, inhale towards the pressed hand.
The same, but the breath is carried out towards the rowing hand.
Grip swimming starting position: one arm extended, the other at the hip.
Swimming with "overtaking".
Swimming with two-way breathing.
Swimming alternating movement of hands with a crawl.
Swimming with two -, four -, six - beat crawl.
Back stitch:
Backstroke crawl in complete coordination.
Swimming alternating movement of hands on the back.
Swimming with "substitution" and "overtaking".
Swimming for grip.
Swimming alternating movement of arms and legs with a crawl on the back.
Dolphin:
Swimming with a dolphin using hand movements.
Swimming with a dolphin using leg movements with different hand positions.
Swimming movement with dolphin hands, legs - crawl.
Breaststroke:
Swimming movements with arms - breaststroke, legs - dolphin.
Swimming movements with arms - breaststroke, legs - crawl.
Swimming movement with hands - breaststroke with a board.
Backstroke breaststroke.
Breaststroke, coordinating two leg strokes with one arm stroke.
Breaststroke with the fewest strokes.
Starts and turns:
Slide start at range.
The usual open swing of the "pendulum" with a hand carried over the water while swimming breaststroke and dolphin.
Turn "somersault forward" when swimming crawl and on the back.
Turns used in complex swimming.
Outdoor games in water and water polo element:
Diving spots.
Salki with a ball.
Water polo game with simplified rules.
Relay races.
Basic training exercises.
Swimming at a moderate pace with a dolphin - up to 600m, breaststroke, backstroke and complex (with a change of methods after 50, 100, 200m) up to 1200m, cheststroke up to 1500m.
Repeated overcoming of distances at a moderate pace: n x 1000m or n x 800m (ref. 1-3), 4 x 600m and n x 400m (ref. 30-60 seconds).
Interval workout with short interval rests:
p (20) x 50 (response 15 sec.); n x 200 (30-60);
p (15) x 100 (30 sec.); n x 400 (60 sec.)
4. Repeated swimming with decreasing swimming speed:
n x 300 (separate 1 min.); n x 500 (1-2 min.) (n)
5. Alternating swimming for long and medium distances:
1200m (2 x 200 n / c, crawl at a moderate pace and 800m c / pl with increased
speed).
6. Intermittent overcoming of distances of 500m, 800m, 100m at a moderate pace
(in the form of n x 100m separate 10 sec.), 800 crawl (in the form of 8 x 100 separate 10 sec.)
Third year of study
General physical preparation.
Drilling, walking, running, jumping, throwing.
Single exercises without objects to strengthen the muscles of the trunk.
Exercise with a partner.
Hanging exercises.
Relaxation exercises.
Outdoor and sports games: basketball, football.
SFP
Simulation exercises for mastering and improving the technique of sports methods of swimming.
Exercises on simulators to develop strength and strength endurance.
Stretching and mobility exercises.
Control tests and competitions on land.
Pull-ups, push-ups.
Long jump from the spot.
Jump rope in 30 seconds.
Running 30m, 60m, 100m, 500m, 1000m, 3000m.
Exercises for the press 20 seconds.
Twist arms (smallest distance).
Swimming.
Start 50, 100, 200, 400, 800m - all types of swimming
1500m crawl.
UTG
Chest stitch.
Clutch crawl.
Swimming with dolphin legs.
Tempo swimming on short stretches in two-standard crawl with head held high.
Back stitch.
Backstroke using only leg movements.
Backstroke with only hand movements.
Backstroke with leg and one arm movements.
Backstroke for grip.
Backstroke with different breathing patterns.
Dolphin. Swimming with a dolphin using movements with only hands.
Swimming with the help of movements with only the legs of the dolphin.
Swimming with a two-hitting merged dolphin with breath holding.
Swimming with the help of movements with the hands of a dolphin, crawl legs.
Breaststroke. Swimming with full coordination of movements with late inhalation breaststroke options, consistent coordination of movements of the arms and legs and a flat body position.
Swimming on the chest and on the back using continuous and narrow movements with the breaststroke legs.
Breaststroke, coordinating two arm strokes with one leg stroke.
Starts and turns. Rational options for starting from the bedside table and from the water are being mastered.
The usual open and pendulum swing with the hand carried over the water while swimming breaststroke and dolphin. Turn forward somersault while crawling without touching the wall with your hands.
UTG
Technical exercises are used, mastered earlier, but performed with a large stroke amplitude, strength, at a higher pace and at longer distances. The stability of the swimming technique and its efficiency are increased. Taking into account the expressed individual characteristics of the swimmers. Work begins on the formation of an individual swimming style.
Pedagogical control.
Pedagogical control is carried out in order to assess the dynamics of physical development, the level of general and special readiness, functional state organism, adequacy of training loads to the possibilities of those involved. An important component of control is the parameters of training and competitive loads. The composition of the control indicators is determined by the level of sportsmanship (and, accordingly, by the stage of long-term training) and the type of control (stage, current or operational).
Stage control is necessary for all those involved. The importance of current and operational control increases with increasing training loads at the stages of long-term training.
Stage control.
Stage control is carried out, as a rule, twice a year (at the beginning and at the end of the season). Its tasks are:
determination of changes in physical development, general and special fitness of the student;
assessment of the compliance of annual increments with normative ones, taking into account the individual characteristics of the rates of biological development;
Current control.
Current control is carried out to register and analyze the current changes in the functional state of the body (daily, weekly). Its most important task is to assess the degree of fatigue and recovery of an athlete after previous loads, his readiness to fulfill the planned training loads, and prevent overwork.
Operational control.
Operational control is designed to register the load of a training exercise, a series of exercises and the whole exercise.
Medical supervision.
Medical supervision of those engaged in the sports and recreation stage of primary training is carried out by the nurse of the sports school.
Medical supervision of the trainees, starting from the UT stage of preparation, is carried out by the Kovdor Central District Hospital.
The nurse of the sports school carries out medical control of the UT process during the competition period as well.
A medical control card is filled in for each student, which is kept in the school's medical office.
Educational work.
Sport has wide educational opportunities.
The main tasks in classes with athletes are the development of citizenship and patriotism in children and youth as the most important spiritual, socially significant values of the individual, the upbringing of high moral qualities, a sense of collectivism, discipline and hard work. Educational work with young swimmers is aimed at educating a harmoniously developed person, an active, purposeful and conscientious person with spiritual wealth and physical perfection.
Rehabilitation products and measures are subdivided into passive and
leisure. Special means of recovery - used in the training of swimmers, can be divided into three groups: pedagogical, psychological and biomedical.
Instructor and referee practice.
UTG students can be involved as assistant trainers for conducting UT classes and sports competitions in the GNP. They should be able to independently carry out warm-up, physical training, training in basic technical elements and techniques.
Ensuring safety in the classroom in the pool.
All responsibility for the safety in the pools and halls rests with the teachers who directly conduct the classes with the group.
At the first lesson, it is necessary to familiarize the students of the CYSS with the safety rules when conducting classes aquatic species sports.
The trainer provides the start, conduct and end of classes.
During classes, the teacher is responsible for the order in the group, the life and health of the students.
The maximum composition is determined taking into account the observance of the rules of O.T. in training sessions.
The weekly regimen of educational and training work is the maximum and is set depending on the period and tasks of training. The total annual volume of educational and training work, provided for by the indicated modes, starting from the educational and training stage of training, can be reduced by no more than 25%.
The duration of one lesson should not exceed:
In GNP 1 g / o 2 hours;
More than a year in GNP and 3 hours in UTG;
In UTG groups, where the load is 20 or more hours per week, - 4 hours, with two training sessions a day - 3 hours.
Depending on the period of preparation (transitional, preparatory, competitive), starting from UTG 3 g / o, the weekly load can increase or decrease within the limits of the general annual curriculum.
In the program, educational material for theoretical and practical exercises in physical training is given for all training groups. In this regard, the trainer is given the opportunity, depending on the preparedness of the students, independently, taking into account the age of the swimmers and the target orientation of the classes, to select the necessary material.
Depending on local conditions, the trainer can make the necessary adjustments to the planning of training sessions (training process).
The main tasks for initial training groups are:
Swimming skills;
Studying and improving the technique of sports methods of swimming, starts and turns;
Versatile physical training on land;
Mastering a minimum of theoretical knowledge in sports swimming, the basics of a sports regimen, skills in sports hygiene;
Formation of children's interest in sports;
Revealing sports-gifted children for further training in educational and training groups.
The main tasks of training in educational training groups are:
On the basis of versatile basic training, education of young swimmers of mass categories, who are able to regularly practice their chosen sport;
Fundamental preparation of the most gifted young athletes for the subsequent in-depth specialization of higher sportsmanship in swimming.
These tasks are solved by implementing the curriculum, taking into account the calendar, program and competition standards for swimmers of each age group.
To determine the results achieved in physical development and transfer students to next year training, there is a system of standards that consistently covers the entire period of training in a sports school.
The composition of the standards varies depending on the stage of training. For SOG, the standards are mainly of a controlling nature, while for the groups of primary education and UTG, the fulfillment of the standards is the most important criterion for transferring students to the next stage of long-term sports training.
Educational and thematic plan NP-1
Content
Note
land
ORU, games.
land
Running, OFP.
land
land
SFP, relay races.
land
land
ORU, development of endurance.
land
SFP, OFP, games.
land
land
Running, SFP.
land
land
ORU, SFP.
land
Simulation and preparatory exercises on land and in water.
In water
Movements along the bottom and elementary rowing movements with your hands. Games: "Seine", "Boats".
Movement along the bottom and elementary stroke movements with the legs. Game: "Ducklings and Pikes".
Submersion under water. Game: "Pump".
Diving and breathing. Game: "Frog", "Passing the ball".
Lying on the water. The simplest diving.
Lying on the water and sliding.
Sliding and simple rowing movements.
Control tests. Games.
Lightweight back roll: leg movements.
Movement of the legs in coordination with breathing.
Movement of the arms kr / cn., Movement of the legs with a crawl on the chest.
Hand movement in coordination with breathing cr / cn. and cr / gr.
Coordination of movements of arms, legs and breathing on the back.
Coordination of movements of arms, legs and breathing on the back. Movement of the legs in coordination with breathing with a crawl on the chest.
Proof test: "swim 6 meters on the back"
Coordination of movements of arms, legs and breathing cr / gr.
Coordination of movements of arms, legs and breathing cr / g
Swimming kr / gr and kr / cn with increasing segments.
Kick on the chest - K.
Lightened breaststroke: movement of the legs in coordination with breathing.
Leg movements in coordination with breaststroke breathing.
Hand movements in coordination with breathing.
Coordination of movement of arms, legs and breathing.
Coordination of movement of arms, legs and breaststroke breathing. Leg movements in coordination with butterfly breathing.
Coordination of movement of arms, legs and breaststroke breathing. Hand movements in coordination with dolphin breathing.
Coordination of movement of arms, legs and breathing with breaststroke and dolphin.
Brass K. Coordination of movements of the arms, legs and breathing by the dolphin.
Butterfly - K.
Improving swimming technique in various ways. Study of lightweight starts.
Improving swimming technique in various ways. Study of lightweight starts and turns.
Improvement of the chosen way of swimming, starts.
Improvement of the chosen way of swimming, turns.
Jumping headfirst into the water - K.
Swim 25 m in any way - K.
49-108
SFP, improving different ways of swimming, starts and turns.
109-117
OFP, SFP.
land
Educational and thematic plan NP-2
Content
Note
O.T. rules in the classroom swimming in water and land.
land
2
ORU, games.
land
3
Running, OFP.
land
4
Development of flexibility, game for attention.
land
5
SFP, relay races.
land
6
Running exercises, development of speed abilities.
land
7
ORU, development of endurance.
land
8
SFP, OFP, games.
land
9
Development of coordination skills.
land
10
Running, SFP.
land
11
Development of strength abilities, relay races.
land
12
ORU, SFP.
land
13-190
Technical training. Improving sports ways of swimming, starting and turning.
In water
191-195
OFP, SFP.
Sport games.
land
Literature.
Swimming. State program of sports training for CYSS and SDYUSHOR. Moscow. "Soviet Sport". 2004
L.P. Makarenko. Swimming. The program for the youth sports school. Moscow. 1983. Publishing house of GTSOLIFK.
L.P. Makarenko. The technical prowess of the swimmers. Moscow. "FiS". 1975
N. Zh.Bumakova. Selection and training of young swimmers. Moscow. "FiS". 1986
V.M. Zatsiorsky. Swimming biomechanics. Moscow. "FiS". 1981
Absalyamov T. M., Timakova T. S. Scientific support of swimmers training. Moscow. "FiS". 1983
Platonov V.N., Vaitsekovsky S.M. Training of high-class swimmers. Moscow. "FiS". 1983
Platonov V. N., Fesenko S. P. The strongest swimmers in the world. Moscow. "FiS". 1990
Programs for out-of-school institutions. Moscow. Education. 1977
Swimming competition rules.
Unified All-Russian Sports Classification. Moscow. Soviet sport. 2002
12. Book-trainer / I. P. Nechunaev.-: Eksmo, 2012
State budgetary educational institution
Secondary school number 270
Krasnoselsky district of St. Petersburg
accepted approved
Pedagogical Council
GBOU SOSH No. 270 by order No. _____ dated __________
Decision of ______________ Director of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Secondary School No. 270
protocol No. __ _______________
Zhuravleva E.V.
working programm
Additional general education
(general developmental) program
"___ sports swimming _____"
Year of study (1)
Group № __
Students age: 11-15 years old
Compiled by: physical education teacher
Shirokova Lyubov Nikolaevna
St. Petersburg
2015-2016 academic year
1. EXPLAIN LLNAYA RECORDTOBUT
The focus of the educational program of the association "sports swimming " The content of the additional education program in sports swimming corresponds to the physical culture and sports orientation.
This program is drawn up on the basis of a typical sports training program for children and youth sports schools, specialized children and youth schools of the Olympic reserve, provisions on the basic elements of swimming for children's sports schools and adapted for a general education school.
Relevance. Swimming is a vital skill for a person and is closely related to the work activity of certain professions. Sports swimming is olympic look a sport in which athletes demonstrate their technical prowess and speed, as well as set world records. This sport is widely used as a means of hardening and preventing colds. Due to the increased heat transfer in water, metabolism in the body is activated, and energy consumption increases. This contributes to the achievement of an optimal weight, an optimal ratio of fat and muscle tissue. Water pressure on the chest stimulates the development of respiratory muscles, chest mobility, an increase in its size, and an increase in the vital capacity of the lungs.
The value and prospects of this program are the formation of value attitudes and life priorities for health, a healthy lifestyle, physical perfection and self-realization of the personality of students. Sports swimming harmoniously develops such qualities as strength, agility, endurance. Do not underestimate the health benefits of swimming for children.
This program does not provide for an increased level of training for boys and girls in sports swimming. Much attention is paid to general physical training, increasing endurance and working capacity.
The novelty of the program
The program provides classes with different age groups, including students with different physical abilities;
The program is based on the right of free choice;
Performs a compensatory, educational function, offering the adolescent organized leisure, orienting him to a model of a healthy lifestyle, which they can follow in the future.
Pedagogical expediency of this program is that swimming lessons contribute to the development of personal qualities, such as: hard work, perseverance, discipline, responsibility. Sports swimming can be both an individual and a team sport, which helps the development of collectivism, as well as opportunities for students to self-actualize.
Target: Creation of conditions aimed at the comprehensive physical development of students, strengthening their health, increasing the functional capabilities of the body
Tasks:
Educational:
Mastering vital swimming skills;
Teaching the basics of all swimming techniques and a wide range of motor skills;
To study the technique of sports and applied methods of swimming, starts and turns;
To acquaint with the history of the development of sports swimming in Russia.
Developing:
Develop technical skills and abilities;
Development of physical qualities (aerobic endurance, speed, speed, strength and coordination capabilities);
Contribute to strengthening the health and general development of the body of students.
Educational:
Education of moral, ethical and volitional qualities;
Promote harmonious personality development.
the formation of sustainable interest, motivation for systematic sports and a healthy lifestyle.
Topic number 1. Rules of conduct in the pool. Security measures.
Theory: Basic safety measures and rules of conduct in the pool. Prevention of accidents and diseases during swimming. The sequence of actions when rescuing drowning people, first aid for injuries and accidents.
Topic No. 2. Exercise hygiene and disease prevention. The effect of exercise on the human body.
Theory: Personal hygiene of a young swimmer, hardening. Regime of the day, combining swimming lessons with training in a general education institution. The effect of exercise and swimming on the human body. Specific features of adaptation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the human body under the influence of systematic swimming. Changes in the state of the human body under the influence of physical activity.
Topic number 3. Moral and strong-willed training. Swimming technique and terminology. Basics of Swimming Technique and Training Methods
Theory: Promotion of a healthy lifestyle, the formation of motivation for regular exercise, a conscious and active attitude of the swimmer to tasks. a brief description of sports ways of swimming, starts and turns. General concepts about the principles, means, methods of sports training. The main terms used to describe the means and methods of training, characterizing the errors of technology.
The main content of the initial training stage is teaching swimming techniques and using the maximum possible number of lead-in, preparatory and special exercises with an emphasis on game teaching methods. At this stage, mastering with water and training in crawl swimming technique on the chest and on the back is carried out.
Swimming lessons consist of 3 parts:
Preparatory part (held in the dry swimming hall)
Main part (carried out in water)
The final part (carried out in water)
IN preparatory part classes, the tasks of the lesson are reported, students are organized and their functional and psychological preparation for the main part of the lesson. It uses walking, running, general developmental, special preparatory and simulation exercises.
IN main part classes solve the problems of mastering the elements of swimming technique. The technique of swimming, starts and turns is being studied and improved.
Final part the lesson is aimed at gradually reducing the load and bringing the body of those engaged in a relatively calm state with the help of slow swimming, performing starting and training jumps, turns. Conducting games in the final part of the lesson helps to improve the emotional state of the trainees and increases interest in the lessons. The lesson ends with a summary.
FORMS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF FORECASTED RESULTS
Control and translation standards for various stages of training in GNP
The system of standards consistently covers the entire period of study in sports section... The composition of the standards varies depending on the stage of training. For groups of sports training, the standards are of a controlling nature, being, in addition, the most important criterion for transferring those involved in the next stage of long-term sports training.
The main criteria for assessing students at the stage of initial training are the regularity of attending classes, fulfilling the control standards for general and special physical fitness, mastering the volumes of training loads in accordance with the program requirements, mastering the theoretical section of the program, and the absence of medical contraindications for training. Control requirements for the first year of classes are presented in table.
The standards for groups of the 1st year of study are accepted for admission to educational training groups. Enrollment in training groups is carried out on a competitive basis based on the results of control tests, and the most important are the standards for technical training.
SWIMMING SPORTS REGULATIONS
Control exercises
Boys
Girls
general physical preparation
Shuttle run 3 x 10 m; with
Medicine ball throw 1 kg; m
Lean forward from an elevation
Twist straight arms back and forth
Long jump from the spot
Technical training
Sliding length
6 m
6 m
Swimming technique in all ways:
a) with the help of one legs
b) in complete coordination
Performing starts and turns
Swimming a distance of 100 m in a chosen way
Note: + the standard is considered fulfilled when the indicators improve
TRAINING PLAN FOR SPORTS SWIMMING GROUP
P / p No.
Preparation sections
years of education
Everything
Number of study weeks
Number of hours per week
Number of lessons per week
incl. on the land
Physical training:
OFP
SFP
Theoretical preparation
Competitions and control tests
Medical examination
Total hours
criteria for determining the results and quality of the educational (upbringing) process
(1) year of study
1st stage (preliminary training)
The initial sports level of readiness is the ability to swim a distance of 50 m in any way without stopping. The main tasks of the 1st stage:
be able to swim a distance of 200 m;
master the exercises of a swimmer's special gymnastics on land;
familiarize yourself with exercises to improve the swimming technique of the chosen swimming method.
Basic training facilities on land:
various types of walking and running;
complexes of special and general developmental exercises;
imitation exercises of a swimmer on land.
swimming in the chosen way, distances 25-150 m;
swimming with movements with one legs or with one arms (with a swimming board or a circle), distance 25-50 m;
exercises to improve swimming technique, distance 25-50 m;
repeated swimming of segments, swimming in the chosen way, distances 25-75 m.
2nd stage (basic training)
The initial level of preparedness is the ability to swim a distance of 200 m in any way without stopping. Basic tasks of basic training:
develop the ability to swim the distance chosen as the main one for recreational swimming(most often 800-1500m);
improve swimming technique;
familiarize yourself with simulation exercises to learn an additional way of swimming on land;
study the basic exercises to improve the technique of the chosen swimming method.
The main training means on land are identical to those used in the previous stage, if necessary, additional simulation exercises are included to learn additional swimming methods.
Basic training aids in water:
swimming in the chosen way, distances of 50-600 m;
swimming with the help of movements with one legs or with one arms (with a swimming board or a circle), distance 25-100 m;
exercises to improve swimming technique, distance 50-100 m;
repeated or interval swimming of segments, swimming in the chosen way, distances of 25-150 m;
breathing exercises.
3rd stage (conditioning training)
The initial level of preparedness is the ability to swim a distance of 1000-1200 m in any way without stopping.
The main tasks of the 3rd stage:
regularly fulfill "your" volume of training loads on land and in water;
gradually increase the level of physical fitness;
improve swimming technique and expand the arsenal of motor skills;
to learn to combine classes in the pool with other types of physical culture and sports activities.
The main training means in water are exercises of the 1st zone with a purely aerobic orientation (65-75% of the total volume) and the 2nd zone with a predominantly aerobic orientation (15-20%). Exercises of the 3rd zone make up 5-10%, more intense loads are used only sporadically and in total make up no more than 2%. The leading training methods are distance uniform and variable. Interval and repetition methods are used relatively less frequently than in the training group. It is recommended to include games and activities on the water, relay swimming, and other types of physical exercises in classes.
Control standards in the joint venture
The system of standards consistently covers the entire period of study at a sports school. For sports swimming groups, the standards are mainly of a controlling nature.
In sports and health-improving groups, the age of those involved is from 10 to 15 years. They can be used by both beginners and athletes who have been trained at other stages. Therefore, the standards presented in the table are indicative initial values. The main criteria for assessing those involved in the sports and recreation stage are the regularity of attending classes, the positive dynamics of the development of physical qualities of those involved, the level of mastering theoretical knowledge and skills in the basics of physical culture and sports, hygiene and self-control, the absence of medical contraindications for training.
CALENDAR-THEME PLANNING
№1 group
№p / p
the date
Topic of section / lesson
Theory count. hours
Practice count. hours
Summary section
01.09
Acquisition of groups
Meeting with training. groups, personal data recording
02.09
Acquisition of groups
8.09
Theoretical information
A lesson in the actualization of knowledge and skills.
Study of safety requirements.
Occupational Safety Instruction
Introductory lesson
Swimmer hygiene, hardening
9.09
Swimming technique and terminology
15.09
The effect of exercise on the human body
Exercises to improve the crawl technique on the chest and on the back (practice, theory)
16.09
Backstroke, Hand stroke correctness.
Footwork with a board. SFU. 200m
Knowledge and skills control classes
22.09
Crawl on the back, Hand work with a kolobashka.SFU.200m
Combined lesson
23.09
Free style 400m. SFU.
Backstroke element swimming
29.09
Full coordination 100m backstroke. The work of the hands, with the hands of the bun. SFU. 2 * 25 with acceleration.
Combined lesson
30.09
Back stitch. Hand movement and coordination of the work of legs, arms, breathing. SFU.200m. Backstroke.
6.10
Back stitch. Hand movement and coordination of movements of the legs, arms, breathing. SFU. 4 * 25 with acceleration.
Backstroke swimming by elements and in general.
7.10
Back stitch. Exercises to improve start and turn. With an acceleration of 5 * 25 m. SFU.
Backstroke swimming 25 m.
13.10
Back stitch. Repetition of exercises to improve start and turn. Diving. Free swimming.
Water polo game
14.10
Chest stitch. Rowing movements of the arms, coordinated with breathing under one arm. SFU. 100m free.
Swimming in the crawl way on the elements.
20.10
Chest stitch. Foot movement with a board. SFU.
Combined lesson. Swimming in the crawl way.
21.10
Chest roll. Foot movement without support. SFU. 25m acceleration.
Swimming in the crawl way.
27.10
Chest stitch. Movement of the arms and coordination of movements of the legs, arms and breathing. Full coordination - chest roll. SFU.
Combined lesson. Swimming in the way of a crawl on the chest.
28.10
Chest stitch. Hand movements and coordination of movements of the legs, arms and breathing. SFU. Acceleration 4 * 25 m.
Swimming in a chest crawl in full coordination 25 m.
3.11
Complete coordination of movement without breathing. SFU.
Lesson systematization and generalization of knowledge and skills.
10.11
Chest stitch. Hand movements (stroke) and coordination of leg movements, breathing. Water games and entertainment. Free swimming. SFU.
Water polo game, swimming in different ways.
11.11
Chest stitch. Breathing rhythm. Exercises to improve start and turn. Repeated swimming of segments of 25 m. Siberian Federal University.
17.11
Chest stitch. The rhythm of breathing and the coordinated rhythm of hand strokes. Repetition of start and turns. Repeated swimming of segments 4 * 25 m. Siberian Federal University.
Swimming chest crawl, starts, turns.
18.11
Chest stitch. Repetition of start and turn training exercises. Acceleration 25-50m. SFU.
Swimming chest crawl, starts, turns.
Exercises for learning breaststroke technique(practice, theory)
24.11
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of complete coordination of breaststroke. SFU. 100m
25.11
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of leg movements with a daughter. SFU.25m acceleration.
Breaststroke leg work at fixed support.
1.12
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of leg movements with the work of the hands. SFU.
Breaststroke footwork with a board.
2.12
Breaststroke. Average pace 200m. SFU.
Breaststroke footwork without a board.
8.12
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of hand movements. Breaststroke turns. Acceleration 4 * 25m. crawl on the chest and crawl on the back. SFU.
Breaststroke. Hand work. Crawl swimming on the chest.
9.12
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of hand movements (position of the palm when pushing). Breaststroke turns. Acceleration 25-50m. crawl on the back. SFU.
Combined lesson. Breaststroke. Hand work. Backstroke crawl.
15.12
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of the rhythm of hand movements and breathing. Water games and entertainment. Free swimming. SFU.
Breaststroke. Hand work, breathing. Combined lesson.
16.12
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of complete coordination. SFU. 4 * 25m acceleration.
Breaststroke. Hand work, breathing.
22.12
Breaststroke. Improving the technique of coordinating the movements of the legs, arms and breathing (general rhythm) SFU.
Breaststroke. The work of the arms, legs, breathing.
23.12
Breaststroke. Strengthening the technique of coordinating the movements of the legs, arms and breathing. SFU. Water games with a ball.
29.12
Breaststroke. Teaching the technique of coordinating the movements of the legs, arms and breathing. Remote endurance swimming (200-300m.) SFU.
Breaststroke, breathing coordination.
Applied swimming.(practice, theory)
30.12
Endurance Swimming. Acceleration with alternating free pace, 25-50m. SFU.
Applied swimming, imitation of assistance to the victim.
12.01
Endurance development - 500m free style.
Lesson of actualization of knowledge and skills .. Work of hands, feet, breathing. Respiratory endurance.
13.01
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Breaststroke. Work of arms, legs, breathing
19.01
39..
20.01
26.01
27.01
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Turns, starts. Work of arms, legs, breathing
2.02
Lesson of actualization of knowledge and skills .. Work of arms, legs, breathing
3.02
Exercises to improve breaststroke technique
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Breaststroke. Work of arms, legs, breathing
9.02
Exercises to improve the technique of the crawl on the chest
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Chest stitch. Work of arms, legs, breathing
10.02
Exercises to improve the back crawl technique
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Back crawl. Work of arms, legs, breathing
16.02
Exercises to improve the dolphin technique
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Dolphin. Work of arms, legs, breathing
17.02
Exercises to improve the starting and turning technique of different swimming styles
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Starts and turns. Work of arms, legs, breathing
24.02
Speed training. Sections of 25m.
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. The work of the arms, legs, breathing. Speed endurance
1.03
Exercises to improve the technique of start and turns of different swimming styles (practice, theory)
Lesson in updating knowledge and skills. Work of arms, legs, breathing
2.03
Practice diving
9.03
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
15.03
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
16.03
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
22.03
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
23.03
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
29.03
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
30.03
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
5.04
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
6.04
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
12.04
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
13.04
Practice diving
With various items (over.circle, noodle, hoop)
19.04
Games and fun in the water
20.04
Games and fun in the water
With various objects (over.circle, noodle, hoop, drowning objects)
26.04
Games and fun in the water
With various objects (over.circle, noodle, hoop, drowning objects)
27.04
Games and fun in the water
With various objects (over.circle, noodle, hoop, drowning objects)
4.05
Games and fun in the water
With various objects (over.circle, noodle, hoop, drowning objects)
Games and fun in the water
With various objects (over.circle, noodle, hoop, drowning objects)
Games and fun in the water
With various objects (over.circle, noodle, hoop, drowning objects)
10.05
Final lesson
Summing up the training period.
TOTAL:
Ensuring safety in the classroom in the pool
All responsibility for the safety of those involved in the pools and halls rests with the teachers who directly conduct classes with the group.
Admission to classes in swimming pools and halls is carried out only through the registry in accordance with the established procedure. In the first lesson, it is necessary to familiarize students with safety rules when conducting water sports.
The coach must:
To construct and roll-over training groups before classes with subsequent registration in the journal. Latecomers are not allowed to class.
Not to allow an increase in the number of people engaged in each group in excess of the established norm - 16 people per coach.
Submit a memorandum to the training unit of the pool and the school administration about incidents of all kinds, injuries and accidents.
The trainer ensures that classes start, run and end in the following order:
The coach arrives at the pool at the beginning of the student's passage through the reception. In the absence of a coach, the group is not allowed to train.
The trainer provides an organized exit of the training group from the shower room to the pool bath room.
Exit of trainees from the pool bath before the end of the session is allowed with the permission of the trainer.
The trainer ensures the timely exit of students from the pool bath room to the showers and from the showers to the locker rooms.
During classes, the teacher is responsible for the order in the group, the life and health of the students:
The presence of practitioners in the pool bath room without a coach is not allowed.
Study groups are trained under the guidance of a trainer in a designated part of the pool.
Diving in the pool is allowed only under the supervision of a trainer and in compliance with safety rules. When learning to dive, it is allowed to dive at the same time with no more than one practitioner per one trainer, subject to careful observation from his side of the diving before leaving the water.
If there are conditions that interfere with the conduct of classes or threaten life and health, the coach must eliminate them, and if it is impossible to do this, cancel the lesson.
The coach must keep a close watch on all swimmers in the water. At the first signs of hypothermia, remove the student from the water. Students should not be allowed to push each other and immerse themselves in water, shout loudly or raise false alarms.
PLAN FOR WORK WITH PARENTS
№ p / p
event title
Group number
Timing
Location
Note
Topic: "About the tasks of the circle in the new academic year planning teamwork. Parent committee selection
September
Open class
December
Open class
April
Parents' meeting Topic: "Participation of pupils in city competitions"
January
Open class
April
PLAN OF EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE ASSOCIATION (compiled on the basis of the general work plan of the ODOD and the personal plan of the teacher, taking into account competitions of different levels)
№ p / p
event title
Group number
Terms / month
Location
Note
Open door day at ODOD
September
Foyer of the school
Swimming competition among general educational institutions Krasnoselsky district municipal district
November
Pool
December
Swimming pool GBNOU "SPB GDTYu"
Swimming tournament among classes
January March
Pool
City swimming competitions among educational institutions of St. Petersburg
April
Swimming pool GBNOU "SPB GDTYu"
"Parade of Achievements"
May
Assembly Hall
7. LIST OF EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
In order to effectively implement the program as a whole, it is advisable to use the following methods and technologies:
Information and developmental (lectures, stories, conversations, viewing art and video films, books, demonstration of the methods of the teacher's activity);
Practically - applied (mastering skills and abilities according to the principle “do as I do”);
Problem-search (students independently search for a solution to the tasks assigned to them);
Creative (educational games, simulation of situations, participation in leisure programs, creation of photo newspapers, etc.);
Methods of control and self-control (self-analysis, analysis of participation in competitions, analysis of actions in practical classes.)
Topic or section of the program: "Sports swimming" Form of organization of the educational process: group (15 people), groups are formed by age from children 11-16 years old.
Classes are held 2 times a week for 1 hour. The groups enroll students who want to play sports and do not have medical contraindications (with the written permission of a doctor)
Didactic material, technical equipment for classes:
Description of the material and technical base (CMB)
Inventory name:
1. Large swimming boards (yellow)
2. Small swimming boards (blue)
3. Armbands
4. Kolobashki
5. Balls for games and swimming
6. Fins
7. Shoulder blades on the hand
Summing up forms: transfer
Topic or section of the program: "Sports and recreation stage"
Workout wellness orientation can be conditionally divided into three stages (focusing mainly on the degree of swimming skill and the level of physical fitness).