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Swimming with a gun
Competitions are held in artificial and natural pools. At the place where the starting jump is performed, the depth must be at least 1.2 m. The surface of the starting table must be horizontal or with a slope of 7 degrees and non-slip. The height of the starting bedside table should be no more than 0.75 cm from the water level.
Underwater shields must be flat, without cracks, with a surface height of at least 0.3 m and an underwater one - 1.8 m. The pool path should not be more than 2.5 m each. They are separated from each other by ropes (cables) with floats no more than 10 cm in diameter. The tracks are numbered from right to left, when viewed from the start. To stop swimmers in case of an incorrect start, a cord is pulled across the pool at a height of 1.5 m, at a distance of 15 m from the start, which is lowered into the water when it is necessary to return the started back. The swing panel in open water should be painted white.
The exercise is performed in a military uniform with a weapon (AKM or AKS) or a dummy machine gun. The model of the machine must correspond to the size and mass of at least 2 kg, and must have negative buoyancy.
Dress:
- for servicemen of all categories of the Ground Forces, Air Defense Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces and Marines, contract sergeants and conscripts of the Air Force - a field uniform, a belt, a machine gun (or a model), ankle boots (boots), for officers - boots;
- for Air Force officers - flight or technical overalls, belt, boots, machine gun (or model);
- for servicemen of the Navy of all categories - working uniforms of the established sample, boots, belt, machine gun (or model).
From starting position on the starting bollard or from the water (boots, boots removed and tucked into the waist belt in front or behind with the soles outward, the toes bent to the toes of the foot, the machine gun with a clip on the back) at the command of the starter judge, the participants must swim the distance in any way.
After swimming the distance, the senior judge at the finish line checks each participant in the swim for the presence of uniforms, equipment and weapons. For each item of clothing or equipment lost, the completed discharge is reduced by one category. In case of loss of the weapon, the result is not counted to the participant.
Lane numbers for participants are determined by drawing lots immediately before the start of the next swim. In some cases, it is allowed to draw in advance.
The starter, having checked the readiness of the timekeepers, gives preliminary command"Participants take their seats" or a long whistle. According to this command, the participants take places on the starting table according to the drawing of lots. At the command "Start", the participants must immediately prepare for the start, taking a stationary position. After making sure that the participants are ready to start, the starter gives the command "March", at the same time lowering the flag raised above his head.
If one or more participants, before the signal (command) about the start, start moving or jump into the water, then the start is considered incorrect (false start). All participants return and the start is repeated. In case of a repeated false start, any participant who violates the rule will be disqualified.
At the second start, the swim does not return. All participants swim the distance completely, the starter, by his decision, with the consent of the head judge, disqualifies those who, in his opinion, started prematurely. Their results do not count.
The participant must swim the entire distance on the surface of the water. When starting jump and turns, diving is allowed. When performing turns and at the finish, the participant must touch the turning board or the pool wall with his hand or any other part of the body.
A participant who finds himself on the wrong track and interferes with another participant will be disqualified. The injured participant is given a new attempt on the same day, in this case the the best time of two heats.
When passing the distance, participants are prohibited from pulling themselves up, grabbing onto paths, ladder handrails and other objects, as well as pushing off from them or from the bottom.
It is not allowed to take any leading actions (give instructions, accompany the athlete along the side of the pool, etc.) during the passage of the distance.
For violation of the rules of turns, finish and passing the distance, participants are removed from the competition.
The end of the distance (finish) is fixed at the moment when the participant touches the turning board or the pool wall with his hand.
The time of the participant who came first in his swim is recorded with three stopwatches and is determined with an accuracy of 0.2 s. In case of discrepancy between the readings of the timekeepers, the data of two stopwatches that recorded the same time are taken, or the readings of the average stopwatch when all three are divergent. The time of each of the other participants is recorded by a separate stopwatch.
If the readings of the stopwatches differ from the record of the order of arrival of the participants to the finish line, then the personal places are determined according to the arrival. Doubtful results are established according to the readings of stopwatches, which determined the result of the participant who came to the finish line first.
The determination of the winner and the occupied personal places is made according to the results shown. In the event that two or more participants finish the distance with the same time, they are given the same places for which they apply, and subsequent places do not move. For the prizes, a repeated swim is assigned.
11.6. Swimming in the Armed Forces
In the system of physical training of the Armed Forces, swimming, along with other sections, is an integral part of military training and education, aimed at developing physical and military-professional skills that increase the combat effectiveness of troops.
The main guiding document for teaching military personnel to sail is the Manual on the physical training of the Russian Army and the Navy.
Swimming lessons, according to the Manual, are aimed at developing the skills of military-applied swimming, jumping into the water, helping a drowning man, overcoming water obstacles by swimming, at fostering endurance and self-control.
The Manual reveals the tasks of training, the content and features of the organization of classes; the methodology of teaching the technique of sports, military-applied and underwater diving, jumping into water, diving and helping a drowning man is given; lists the main commands and instructions used in training.
It sets out in detail the methods of manufacturing and fastening supporting floating facilities, the technique of swimming in uniform with weapons, with the use of individual life-saving appliances, with the help of improvised objects and without them; techniques for overcoming water obstacles; methods of swimming up to the drowning man, freeing him from grasping and transporting the victim on the water; artificial respiration techniques.
The Manual also provides safety requirements for swimming lessons and gives instructions on organizing lessons and bathing at the water station ("Instructions for the duty officer at the water station", "Rules for using the water station", "Duties of the head of the swimming lessons").
Swimming instructional activities include: ■ "■ .:
swimming breaststroke on the chest, freestyle, in uniform with a dummy machine gun;
undressing in water; ~ and
diving in length and depth; ■. ■
helping a drowning man; ■.
diving; ... "!
diving.
Conducting training practical classes in swimming with the militaryemployees. The content of swimming lessons with military personnel
mi of different types of the Armed Forces and combat arms has its own characteristics.
missile forces attention is paid to the predominant development of general endurance, the upbringing of reaction speed; short-distance swimming and diving are used. Of particular importance is mastering the skills of swimming and diving with various rotations.
In the classroom with personnel motorized rifle units, chemical protection units great attention is paid to mastering the methods of swimming in uniforms with weapons; swimming with the use of individual life-saving appliances, floats and items of equipment, uniforms and improvised material; the study of methods of crossing by swimming; the predominant development of general endurance when swimming long distances and in uniforms with weapons.
In the classroom with personnel tank, automobile andfeminine parts attention is paid to mastering the skills of diving in length and depth, diving and scuba diving.
In classes with aviation personnel, the following are used as the main means: freestyle and breaststroke swimming; swimming set # 1; diving, acrobatic exercises on the water; swimming with rescue equipment.
In the classroom with personnel airborne units the main attention is paid to diving, the implementation of which requires determination and courage from the practitioners, spatial orientation and coordination of movements. Along with them, sports and scuba diving are used, which are an effective means of increasing resistance to motion sickness and oxygen starvation.
In the classroom with personnel surface ships and submarinesboats use swimming in uniform with the help of individual life-saving equipment, items of clothing and without them; undressing in water; diving in length and depth; performing the simplest work on water and under water; education of speed and endurance for long swimming, swimming and diving in set No. 1; swimming underwater; diving.
In the classroom with personnel marines the content of the Manual on physical training is studied in full; Special attention applies to mastering the skills of swimming in uniforms with weapons, actions on water and under water
doy; on the primary development of general endurance and speed in actions, the education of courage and determination, to maintain high performance during long sea voyages.
To check the level of preparedness of servicemen, the following control standards are used: ...
swimming 100 m breaststroke or freestyle; execution of starts and turns while sailing by these methods - for the personnel of all branches of the Armed Forces, officers, cadets of military educational institutions;
swimming up to 100 m in uniform with a dummy machine gun - for personnel of motorized rifle subunits, chemical defense subunits, marines, airborne units;
diving in length - for the personnel of tank units, tank subunits of motorized rifle and engineering units, over water ships and submarines, units of the marines;
swimming up to 100 m in uniform with undressing - for training personnel of surface ships and submarines, units of the marines;
diving down into the water with feet from a 3-meter tower or tramp line - for personnel of surface ships and submarines, marine units;
jump into the water upside down from a 3-meter tower or tramp line - for personnel of surface ships and submarines, parts of the marines.
except training sessions swimming, the Armed Forces use such forms of swimming training as mass bathing, morning physical exercises with swimming, military-applied swimming in the process of training and combat activities.
Mass bathing of military personnel organized and conducted by unit commanders in accordance with the Charter internal service and by the order of the commander. According to safety rules, before and after bathing, calculation and verification are carried out. Servicemen are divided into groups of those who can and cannot swim and receive assignments. The leader observes the bathers, gives them appropriate instructions by voice or established signals.
Morning exercise with swimming. In the warm season, if conditions are present, swimming and bathing can be included in the morning physical exercise complex. This type of physical exercise is used to improve the skills of sports and applied swimming, diving, the development of speed and general
endurance, special and volitional qualities, strengthening health and hardening the body. The exercises are performed in the following sequence: walking, running, general developmental and special exercises to improve swimming technique, swimming exercises, running and walking.
Military applied swimming in the process of combat trainingnosti. When troops move as close as possible to combat conditions, the following actions and techniques are included in the content of physical training:
preparation of improvised and supporting means for overcoming water obstacles by swimming;
adjustment of uniforms, equipment and weapons for swimming;
overcoming a water obstacle along a tight rope with the help of a rope;
overcoming a water barrier by swimming with the help of improvised means;
crossing a water barrier who cannot swim;
overcoming a water barrier by swimming with the help of a duffel bag, protective stockings and a raincoat;
crossing of weapons and ammunition;
overcoming a water obstacle by swimming without any help or support;
overcoming water obstacles under water;
ways of advancing to the ferry, entering and exiting the water at different steep banks;
diving in clothes and with weapons;
swimming using personal life-saving appliances;
swimming in the water;
Use of uniforms, equipment and equipment to facilitate swimming.
Sports work in swimming with the personnel of the ArmedForces. Determined by content Military sports complex, Military sports and Unified sports classifications.
■ For the personnel of ships, swimming 400 m freestyle or long diving is recommended as special exercises in biathlon; for the personnel of the marine corps and units of the Navy - swimming at 400 m freestyle.
The Military-Sports Classification provides for: swimming in uniforms with weapons - with the assignment of III-I categories; jumping from a tower (at least 3 m high), swimming 100 m and long diving; for these exercises III and II grades are assigned.
The acceptance of VSK norms and the implementation of practical standards are carried out in a competition environment.
Sports swimming is conducted in accordance with the Unified Sports Classification. With the personnel, sports work is organized in their free time, on weekends and holidays. During the hours of educational work, at least 4-6 hours 2-3 times a week should be allocated for sports.
Swimming lessons are held:
in the combined teams of the military unit and subdivision - with the most trained swimmers;
v sports sections a military unit - with athletes wishing to improve their level of swimming fitness;
in subdivisions - with all servicemen on the combat training program, on the content of the Military-Sports Complex, on military-applied sports.
For military personnel with sports categories, with the permission of the relevant commanders (chiefs), the number of training sessions in swimming is: for athletes of the II category - at least 3 times a week; for athletes of the 1st category, candidates for master of sports and masters of sports - at least 4 times a week; for athletes who are members of the combined teams of military districts and branches of the Armed Forces - 5-6 times a week.
Control questions and tasks
What are the main documents used in the work on navigation in the Armed Forces?
What are the features of the content of swimming lessons at timespersonal branches of the Armed Forces?
How are the mass bathing of personnel carried out in ArmedForces?
What actions and techniques of applied swimming are included incombat training of the Armed Forces?
5. How is sports work in swimming with a personalbecoming the Armed Forces?
Swimming and light diving training / Under total. ed. TychonowaA.M.- L .: Military twice Red Banner Institute of Physicssky culture, 1983.
Special Forces of the Russian Navy
Fighters of the special forces of the Navy are often called combat swimmers, but the correct name for their military specialty is "reconnaissance diver".
Being, like the GRU special forces, first of all, a highly professional force intelligence, the Russian naval special forces are very different from the army special forces. Both the one and the other are subordinate to the GRU General Staff, their personal undergoes strict selection and rigorous preparation for actions behind enemy lines. But the structure, combat missions and areas of combat training for the units of land and sea special forces are different. There are nuances in the requirements for the selection of personnel.
LANDING OF MARINE SPECIAL FORCES INTO WATER: PROCEDURE AND TECHNOLOGY Landing on water is, perhaps, one of the most difficult and dangerous elements of the training of naval special forces. The commandos on board the aircraft are in full diving gear.
When parachuting, they are dressed in a GK-5M2 diving suit. GK-5M-1, it does not have a volumetric helmet lock, instead there is an obturator with a VM-5 mask. Personal weapons are in rubber cases, equipment is in IKD-5 containers. During the flight, the supply of oxygen to parachutists comes from the on-board system of the aircraft. When approaching the landing area, the group commander examines the personnel and orders them to signal their readiness for landing. After that, the paratroopers disconnect the hoses of the onboard oxygen equipment and begin to breathe from their IDA-71P vehicles. On command, the landing party leaves the transport compartment, the last to jump is the group commander. The landing is carried out on PV-3 parachutes, specially designed for the landing of divers. It differs from a conventional landing parachute in its increased area, since the mass of a diver in full gear can reach 180 kg. After opening the main parachute, the ICD-5 container and the reserve parachute are released and go down on fifteen-meter strands.
When the container touches the water (this is immediately noticeable by the slowing down of the fall speed), the parachutist opens the trigger of the locks, which release the free ends of the main parachute. After immersion in the water, the divers disconnect the reserve parachute and the backpack of the main one, pull the containers towards them by the strand. This is followed by a short ascent, the scuba divers are connected by strands into a hitch, and begin to move with the help of fins in the direction of the coast. Ahead they are waiting for a landing, camouflage of diving equipment, a rapid departure into the land from the coastline and reconnaissance in the deep rear of the enemy. As for the main parachutes, they will get wet and sink in 20-30 minutes, thus ceasing to unmask the group.
SELECTION IN THE MARITIME SPECIAL FORCES, SPECIFIC SERVICES AND COMBAT TRAINING
In the USSR, naval special forces units were recruited by conscription. Then it was quite justified. Young people came to the army already physically prepared enough, many had categories in parachuting and scuba diving. Considering that the service life in the fleet was three years, during this time it was possible to train a sufficiently qualified reconnaissance diver. Now the service life in both the Russian army and the navy is one year, the quality of conscripts has fallen dramatically, so it does not seem like a good idea to recruit naval special forces with conscripts. Although, according to the governing documents of the RF Armed Forces, the recruitment of intelligence military units of special forces and main forces can be carried out from citizens serving both by conscription and by contract. G. Zakharov describes the selection of conscripts as follows.
The officers of the naval special forces: the commander of the MRP, the detachment commander, the physiologist and the physical training instructor began work with the naval selection committee. We selected the candidates we liked. Naturally, good health was required. They tried not to take especially large ones. The optimal candidate was considered to be about 1.75 m tall and weighing 75-80 kg. Such people can withstand the greatest relative loads. We studied the questionnaire and psychological qualities. Orphans and children from incomplete families were eliminated. Preference was given to people from large families: service in the naval special forces is very dangerous even in peacetime. Also, suitable candidates were selected in the "training" of the Marine Corps. But one must understand that endurance, courage and excellent physical characteristics do not yet guarantee successful service in the naval special forces. A kind of psychological stability is especially important here. It so happens that a brave and proactive person on land is completely lost in the underwater environment. The screening of candidates was carried out in several stages. The first one is the "thirty" march - a 30 km run with a weight of 30 kg. Combat training in the 561st OMRP Then an elementary test for psychological stability "Night at the cemetery."
The fighters must spend the night on the graves. Three or four candidates out of a hundred did not pass it. Zakharov describes a case when three candidates dug up a grave and began to look for gold in it. Interestingly, they were left in the unit. In the future, these turned out to be the most psychologically stable people. Pipe check. Tough test. Candidates must swim through a tube that simulates a submarine torpedo tube. Its length is 10-12 m, width is 533 mm. At first, the pipe is not completely filled with water. On final stage the fighter must swim in light diving equipment through a pipe filled with water. For some, this becomes the moment of truth in terms of suitability for service in underwater special forces. Andrei Zagortsev in his story "Sailor of the Special Purpose Service" describes just such an incident that happened to him, when he, a physically strong and resourceful young man, "in civilian life" diving with an aqualung, fell into a panic, finding himself in a pipe. The case ended with the loss of consciousness and pulling the candidate out of the pipe with the help of a safety rope. Tellingly, swimming in "clean" water did not give him any inconvenience, but when swimming in a confined space, it turned out that the main character is prone to claustrophobia. G. Zakharov talks about the fatal incident with the "pipe", when a fighter, overpowering himself, nevertheless dived into it, but from fear he earned a massive heart attack. All this is important for understanding what the fighters of the naval special forces have to face. Blowing out the helmet. Go down under the water, open the helmet to fill it with water, close the helmet and blow the water out through the etch valve. This is a typical situation. Some, as soon as the water reached the nose, jumped out to the surface like a bullet. If the candidate could not pass the test the first time, he was not weeded out, but the failure of several attempts meant that the person would not serve in the naval special forces. Control swim. This is the most serious and at the same time indicative test. If the unsuitable person could somehow slip through the previous two tests, then this one objectively showed the capabilities of each. After completing light diving training, candidates were given a one-mile underwater swim. Air was pumped into the cylinder of the oxygen apparatus at a pressure of 170 atmospheres. With normal calm breathing, oxygen had time to regenerate and the cylinder at the finish line showed a pressure of 165 atmospheres. If a person is psychologically broken, breathes through his mouth, he "eats" all the air and comes to the finish line with a pressure of 30 atmospheres. The last test was called the "weak link". For the fighters of the naval special forces, psychological compatibility is very important. The fighters sit in the classroom, each is given a list of the group and a pencil. And the fighter must write a number against each surname: with whom he would like to go in a pair for reconnaissance in the first place, with whom - in the second, and with whom - and the last. The profiles are anonymous. After that, the points were added up and those who scored the highest points were eliminated. Those who could not pass the tests were no longer sent back to their units. It was necessary for someone to do household work in the naval special forces.
As you can see, the qualities required for service in the special forces of the Navy are somewhat different from the stereotyped image of the special forces. These are not necessarily supermen and masters of hand-to-hand combat, but above all, psychologically stable people, although the usual combat training in the naval special forces is at its best. G. Zakharov gives an interesting example of the role of psychological stability in the work of the naval special forces: “I had such a fighter Valya Zhukov - a laughing stock, only the lazy one didn’t tease him in part. And somehow the submariners asked me for three divers to participate in the tests of the rescue submarine. If they had not been cut later for scrap, the Kursk crew would have been saved. Tests in the ocean. I gave three best guys. We started to work normally, according to the program, and suddenly someone asks: "How much is there under the keel?" And there two and a half kilometers. getting out of the water.
He was also the best military orderly, he coped with wounds and fractures, as if he had been a paramedic all his life before. But there are very few such super-stable people. The rest had to be trained hard. " The process of combat training in the special forces of the Navy is ongoing. The training program is rich and includes diving, airborne, navigation and topographic, mountain special, naval, physical training, fire training (including the possession of weapons of the armies of a potential enemy), mine explosives, hand-to-hand combat, the ability to survive in various theaters of military operations, knowledge about the armed forces of a potential enemy, radio business and much more, which is indispensable in modern warfare. Considerable time is devoted to the study of actions under water: underwater penetration into enemy territory and evacuation into the water, orientation, observation in conditions of poor visibility, pursuit of the enemy and separation from pursuit, camouflage on the ground.
The acquired skills are practiced during practical training... According to G. Zakharov, mortality during combat training was not uncommon. If the commander of the MCI lost no more than two or three people a year, he was not punished, but simply chewed verbally. Although this does not mean that human lives in the special forces of the Navy were not given a damn. On the contrary, instructions were developed in case of emergency situations, the personnel memorized to the smallest detail the procedure for actions in such cases. Squad 1 and 2 trained at various onshore facilities until all actions were honed to shine. The third detachment first of all learned to act in an aggressive aquatic environment. In Soviet times, underwater special forces were constantly involved in checking the state of protection of strategic facilities, anti-sabotage protection of ships and ground facilities of the fleet. As a rule, the "defending" side was given a maximum of data on the groups that would work (composition, object and time of action), nevertheless, the special forces regularly managed to penetrate objects and perform training tasks. Sometimes it was necessary to go to the military trick - to "hand over" one of the comrades, and while the "caught saboteur" was solemnly led to the headquarters of the unit, the main part of the group worked. One of former fighters naval special forces recalls on an Internet forum how a group during an exercise entered a destroyer under the guise of inspectors; on another occasion, special forces drove into the harbor in an UAZ vehicle, the license plates of which and the driver were well known at the checkpoint; the author of the post himself once escorted "a comrade dressed in uniform ... a militia captain straight to the office of a military unit commander." Even in conditions when the time and place of the attack were known, and several hundred people were waiting for the saboteurs in full combat readiness at the facility, the special forces groups managed to carry out the task. If the group worked without warning, the result was all the more predictable.
COMBAT USE OF SPECIAL FORCES OF THE Navy
Almost all military operations of the Soviet and Russian naval special forces are secret, very little is known about them in the public domain. G. Zakharov, for example, claims that he did not have to fight. During the Cold War, the Navy's special forces performed tasks in the same place as other "military advisers" from the USSR: in Angola, Vietnam, Egypt, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Ethiopia and others countries, often at the request of their governments. In Angola and Nicaragua, swimmers guarded Soviet ships and advised the local military. When the war in Afghanistan began, many special forces officers of the Navy asked to send them "for combat experience", but the leadership did not respond to these requests. Instead, officers who had visited Afghanistan were sent to the special forces of the Navy to transfer combat experience. And really, what was the point of throwing people with diving training into the meat grinder, sending them on two-week raids in the mountains or the desert, if the usual units of the Airborne Forces and the Special Forces of the GRU were available? After the collapse of the USSR, everything changed. During the first war in Chechnya, the grouping of Russian troops had to be assembled "all over the place", and apparently this explains the fact that the naval special forces did end up in the "land" war. During the First Chechen Campaign, the personnel of the 431st OMRP operated as part of the 8th company of the 879th regiment of the 336th battalion of the Baltic Fleet, formed from the sailors of the Leningrad naval base. The company was commanded by Captain 1st Rank V., a submariner by profession. The infantry officers of the Vyborg antiamphibious defense regiment, who were supposed to go to war, refused to do so. The Baltic Fleet Marine Brigade was in a state of collapse at that time. The personnel of the 8th company was recruited from sailors of naval specialties, far from land combat operations.
Under these conditions, due to the lack of regular scouts, reconnaissance support for the actions of the 8th company was entrusted to the 431st OMRP, whose fighters acted as part of the 1st (reconnaissance) platoon. By the way, the captain of the first rank V. does not directly mention that it was the special forces of the Navy that operated as part of the 8th company, but this is indicated by other sources, and the very logic of events. In conditions when the company was formed with great difficulty from sailors who did not have infantry training, there was simply nowhere else to take trained scouts. The reconnaissance platoon was commanded by a Navy special forces officer, Guards. Art. Lieutenant Sergei Anatolyevich Stobetsky. The company was supposed to leave for Chechnya in January 1995, but due to organizational problems, it was only transferred to Khankala on May 4. At this time, an armistice was declared, during which the militants managed to regroup and "lick their wounds", and on May 24, hostilities resumed.
Federal troops launched an offensive on the mountainous part of Chechnya, where militant detachments were hiding. The 8th company began to advance in the direction of Shali-Agishty-Makhkety-Vedeno. The 1st reconnaissance platoon operated in the vanguard, occupied key points, and platoons of marines with heavy equipment were pulled up behind it. Serious clashes with bandit formations began in the mountains. The company was forced to take up positions and dig in. On the night of May 29-30, the positions of the 8th company came under fire from an automatic mortar "Vasilek". The company suffered large one-time losses: six dead, twenty wounded. Among the dead was the commander of the reconnaissance platoon, Guards. Art. Lieutenant Stobetsky. It is often argued that the special forces of the Navy took part in the battles in Chechnya not in the first, but in the second campaign.
However, if the participation of naval special forces in the first Chechen war is confirmed by the facts, and an officer died during the hostilities, then there is nothing concrete about participation in the second. Rather, on the contrary, by this time the combat capability of the RF Armed Forces had increased in comparison with the deplorable state in which it was after the collapse of the Union, and there was no longer any point in sending naval special forces to the mountains. Also, the special forces of the Russian Navy are sometimes credited with blowing up and sinking a part of Georgian ships in the port of Poti during the war in South Ossetia, but this is not the case. The Georgian ships were sunk by scouts of the 45th separate guards regiment of the Airborne Forces Special Forces. This mission would be perfect for the Marine Special Forces. And the "ground" commandos carried out it, though successfully, but not in the most optimal way. The Georgian ships should have been sunk on the high seas, but since the Airborne Forces scouts were not qualified to navigate ships, they sank them at the piers.
Kunizhev Andrey
May 21, 2016 at 10.00 a.m. Olympic Park In the city of Sochi, a solemn ritual of bringing to the military oath of allegiance will be held recruits, members of the Russian national teams in Olympic sports, selected for further service in the sports companies of CSKA.
About 200 athletes, representing 30 Olympic species sports, 19 of them are summer.
The ceremony of taking the military oath in Olympic Sochi raises the prestige of warriors-athletes, and service in sports companies is a unique opportunity to pay back a debt to the Motherland without interrupting training process... By taking the oath, the recruits will commit themselves to fulfilling their constitutional and civic duty and continuing the tradition of elite military sport.
Many of those who will swear allegiance to their Fatherland on May 21, represent summer sports and are on the list of candidates for participation in XXXI summer Olympic Games ah in Rio de Janeiro. Representatives winter disciplines to defend the honor of our Motherland and the Armed Forces Russian Federation on III winter World Military Games CISM, which will be held from 22 to 28 February 2017 in the city of Sochi. The Games program includes 7 sports. The decision to hold the III Winter World Games in Russia was adopted on May 22, 2015 in Kuwait at the 70th General Assembly of the International Council of Military Sports CISM. In total, about 4,000 athletes from 60 countries of the world will take part in the Games. There will be 44 sets of awards in individual and team competitions.
According to the established traditiona warrior's oath of allegiance to the Motherland recruits will give in the presence of renowned CSKA athletes, including:
- lieutenant colonel Svetlana KHORKINA- double Olympic champion on artistic gymnastics, First Deputy Head of CSKA;
- lieutenant colonel Dmitriy SAUTIN- double Olympic champion diving, coach sports team CSKA in swimming and diving;
- lieutenant colonel Svetlana ISHMURATOVA - two-time Olympic champion in biathlon, deputy head of CSKA for personnel management;
- major Alexander ZUBKOV- two-time Olympic bobsleigh champion, head coach - head of the CSKA winter sports team.
- major VarteresSAMURGASHEV- Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling, coach of the CSKA sports team in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling.
- major Alexey MISHIN- Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling, CSKA sports instructor.
- captain Albert DEMCHENKO - three-time Olympic silver medalist in luge, coach of the CSKA winter sports team;
- lieutenant Dmitry TRUNENKOV - Olympic bobsled champion , sportsman-instructor of CSKA.
Nowadays, hardly anyone would deny that swimming is a vital skill for both a child and an adult. The enormous importance of water in human life required adaptation to this unusual environment. After all, the first time a person enters the water, he drowns. Therefore, swimming is a vital skill associated with mastering in the aquatic environment and the ability to move around in it. The ability to swim was sometimes decisive during wars - especially during naval battles. It is known that the training of troops in swimming was carried out in the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich (17th century) and Peter the Great. The great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov regularly trained his troops in swimming and highly appreciated the soldiers who knew how to swim. A. Petrushevsky reports how Suvorov knew how to “wade and swim”, for which “people learned swimming from him”.
In the first half of the 19th century, in the Russian army, measures were taken to develop swimming in the troops: swimming teaching was introduced in the cadet corps, special tutorials swimming schools, swimming schools were opened, swimming teachers were trained, sports competitions for swimmers were held, etc. This experience was generalized by officer Konkin, who later published a book in St. Petersburg, where he developed the rules for selecting soldiers for swimming teams, the order of training, the content of training sessions , the device of special machines for studying the technique of swimming on land by the method of "breaststroke on the chest", the method of overcoming water crossings by swimming in clothes and transportation of weapons with ammunition through the water. Even more interesting is the book by P. Plakhov, where he examines the methodology for organizing a company by swimming. Analyzing his rules, he points out that before crossing the crossing, the company commander is obliged to determine the number of soldiers who can swim without auxiliary equipment, the number of poorly swimming, in need of auxiliary means, the number of those who do not know how to swim and are afraid of water. P. Plakhov attached particular and absolutely correct importance to the personal example of the officer, emphasizing that "the company commander with the company officers should sail at the head of the company, setting an example for the lower ranks."
Since the beginning of the war 1914-1918. some measures were taken in order to create sailing schools in the fleets, in which instructors of this business would be trained. They were then used on ships and in units for mass training in swimming for all personnel. Military swimming schools were opened in Kronstadt, Nikolaev, Sevastopol and other naval bases.
During the Great Patriotic War, swimmers who fought in the ranks of the Soviet Army and the Navy, athletes, thanks to their endurance, ability to swim long distances, swimming against the current, on a big wave, swimming with a load, diving, successfully completed combat missions.
2. The ability to swim is a vital skill for a person of any age. A good swimmer never risks his life while in the water. He knows that he will always swim to the shore or will be able to hold out on the water until help arrives in time. The ability to swim is necessary for a future soldier, sailor, officer of the Armed Forces.
In the system of physical training of the Armed Forces, swimming, along with other sections, is an integral part of military training and education, aimed at developing physical and military-professional skills that increase the combat effectiveness of troops. The main guiding document for teaching military personnel to sail is the Manual on the physical training of the Russian Army and the Navy. Swimming lessons, according to the Manual, are aimed at developing the skills of military-applied swimming, jumping into the water, helping a drowning man, overcoming water obstacles by swimming, and fostering endurance and self-control. It sets out in detail the methods of making and securing support boats, swimming techniques in uniform with weapons, with the use of individual life-saving appliances, with the help of improvised items and without them. ; techniques for overcoming water obstacles; methods of swimming up to the drowning man, freeing him from grasping and transporting the victim on the water; artificial respiration techniques.
The Manual also provides safety requirements for swimming lessons and gives instructions on organizing lessons and bathing at the water station (Instructions to the duty officer at the water station, "Rules for using the water station", "Duties of the head of swimming lessons").
Swimming instructional activities include:
Swimming breaststroke on the chest, freestyle, in uniform with a machine gun;
Undressing in the water;
Diving in length and depth;
Assisting a drowning man;
Diving;
Diving.
3. Swimming in different types Armed Forces
In classes with the personnel of the missile forces, attention is paid to the priority development of general endurance, education of speed of reaction; swimming on short distances and performing diving. Special attention is paid to mastering the skills of swimming and diving with various rotations.
In classes with the personnel of motorized rifle units, chemical protection units, attention is paid to mastering the methods of swimming in uniforms with weapons; swimming using personal life-saving appliances, floats and items of equipment; the study of methods of crossing by swimming; the predominant development of general endurance when swimming long distances and in uniforms with weapons.
Tank car and engineering units: long and deep diving, diving and scuba diving.
Aviation - freestyle and breaststroke; swimming set number 1; diving, acrobatic exercises on the water; swimming with rescue equipment.
In classes with the personnel of the landing units, the main attention is paid to jumping into the water, the implementation of which requires determination and courage from the trainees, spatial orientation and coordination of movements. Along with them, sports and scuba diving are used, which are an effective means of increasing resistance to motion sickness and oxygen starvation.
Surface ships and submarines - use swimming in uniform with the help of individual means, items of clothing and without them; undressing in water; diving in length and depth; performing the simplest work in water, on water, under water; education of speed and endurance for long swimming, swimming and diving in set No. 1; swimming underwater, jumping into the water.
In the classroom with the personnel of the Marine Corps, the content of the Manual on Physical Training is studied in full; special attention is paid to mastering the skills of swimming in uniforms with weapons, actions on water and under water; on the primary development of general endurance and speed in actions, the education of courage and determination, to maintain high performance during long sea voyages.
In addition to training lessons in swimming, the Armed Forces use such forms of swimming training as mass bathing, morning physical exercises with swimming, and applied military swimming in the process of combat training. Mass bathing is carried out by the unit commanders in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service and the order of the commander. According to safety rules, before and after bathing, calculation and verification are carried out. Servicemen are divided into groups of those who know how to swim and who cannot, and receive assignments. The leader observes the bathers, gives them appropriate instructions by voice or by an established signal. In the warm season, if conditions are present, swimming and bathing can be included in the morning physical exercise complex. This type of physical exercise is used to improve the skills of sports and applied swimming, diving, the development of speed and general endurance, special and volitional qualities, health promotion and hardening of the body.
Applied military swimming. When troops move as close as possible to combat conditions, the following actions and techniques are included in the content of physical training:
Preparation of improvised and supporting means for overcoming water obstacles by swimming;
Adjustment of uniforms, equipment and weapons for swimming;
Overcoming a water obstacle along a tight rope with a rope;
Crossing a water barrier for those who cannot swim;
Overcoming water obstacles by swimming with the help of a duffel bag, protective
stocking, tent cloak;
Ferrying weapons and ammunition;
Jumping into the water with clothes and weapons;
Swimming in the water;
Use of uniforms, equipment and equipment to facilitate swimming.
Sports work for swimming with the personnel of the Armed Forces is determined by the content of the Military Sports Complex, the Military Sports and the Unified Sports Classifications.
Conclusion
Physical training military personnel - this is the guarantee of the combat effectiveness of the army. Today in the Armed Forces of Russia, more and more attention is paid to the development of physical culture and sports.
Physical training in the RF Armed Forces is defined as “the basic element of military-professional and moral-psychological readiness of servicemen. Today the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is making considerable efforts to develop the physical culture and sports direction in the Armed Forces. For the near future, it is planned to transform army sports bases into physical culture and health centers. This will make physical education popular and sport accessible. The centers will conduct training for pre-conscription and conscription youth.
Physical training in the army develops endurance, dexterity, and improves health. It is in the army that a young man becomes strong, courageous, hardened - a real defender of the Fatherland.
One of the main tasks of the Social Development Strategy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the period of 2020 is to improve physical culture and sports in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Literature
1. Swimming and light diving training, Under the general editorship of AM Tikhonov - L .: Military twice Red Banner Institute of Physical Culture, 1983.