Close combat is a significant area of ​​boxing technique. Often the quality of the melee skills determines the result of the duel. But to master the technical side of close combat requires serious and lengthy preparation, including physical.

Melee tactics

In practice, there are three tasks of close combat:

· The use of a variety of techniques, a large assortment of attacking, defensive and counterattacking techniques;

· Self-defense, quick exit from close interaction with an opponent;

· Exhausting the opponent and reducing his protective effectiveness.

Typically, boxing professionals employ two types of close-up tactics: punching powerful singles innings, or a combination of singles and streak.

Technical and tactical principles

Close combat is the most dynamic type of combat, which includes a number of techniques that form the spectrum of combat means, such as strikes bent arm, protection from similar blows of the opponent, methods of starting and ending a skirmish.

Body position

The result of close interaction with an opponent largely depends on the position of your body. So, a stable position allows you to quickly implement an attack, defense, counterattack and departure at a long distance, use all the variety of tactical actions. This position is characterized by a stable setting of the feet and slightly bent legs, due to which the center of mass is reduced and stability is provided when interacting with an opponent.

Taking a shaky posture entails a loss of balance, dispersal of attention, an increase in the time of reaction, attack, counter-actions and withdrawal to a distant position.

Effect of muscle tension

Having grouped together and eliminating muscular tension, the athlete gains an advantage in a close encounter, since he will not need to spend extra energy on effective attacks, counters, defense, etc.

At the same time, open posture and excessive muscle tension lead to negative consequences in a collision at short distances, since the effectiveness of a boxer's actions decreases due to rapid fatigue, a decrease in resistance, and a weakening of will.

If every movement of a boxer is rationalized, he will be able to realize decision v shortest time and with a minimum of physical effort. This saves energy and leads to the achievement of the set goal.

Accuracy and speed of movement

The basic quality of an athlete entering short distances is exceptional accuracy and sharpness of movements, thanks to which he gets the opportunity to take the initiative and punch an effective attack.

When approaching the enemy, alternate muscle relaxation and tension. In this case, only those muscle groups should be used that are important for the implementation of the chosen tactical technique. Shortening the period muscle tension, the boxer saves his strength and increases productivity, as a result of which he gets the opportunity to work as energetically as possible. For example, when punching a blow, it is recommended to clench your fist at the moment you reach the goal, and then immediately open your palm.

The ability to coordinate your movements also plays an important role. The athlete must take a steady initial position allowing you to use the muscle groups you need at the moment.

Taking over the initiative

The successful completion of the fight in general and the close quarters in particular is due to the athlete's ability to seize the initiative. Before entering a short distance, you need to prepare to seize the initiative in order to force the opponent to defend himself, to subordinate his actions to his plan.

To do this, you need to force your opponent to take a position that allows you to perform the intended technique. For this, a special technique is used, forcing the opponent to take an unstable position. So, before striking a blow with the left from below and the next accurate lateral right to the head, a diverting blow (or several) with the right to the opponent's head is performed, forcing him to defend himself by leaving to the right. At this point, you can effectively implement the planned left kick.

Endurance training

Fighting at a short distance requires excellent strength training and endurance, because it comes about the continuous exhausting of the opponent. To train these qualities, it is recommended to use weights when practicing strikes and combinations, as well as in shadow boxing, and the emphasis is not on excess weight, but on the number of repetitions. The main thing is to steadily increase the speed. Jumps and squats with a small weight load are excellent for training the leg muscles, and the weight is selected in such a way that you can perform 15-30 squats in each of 3-4 approaches. These and some other exercises recommended by the trainer will help develop strength endurance, which is extremely important for close combat.

Hello dear readers of the site. Surely you have often seen fights in which one fighter drives the other into a corner. This is close combat. But how do you need to attack and defend in such a situation?

Boxing Melee

Close combat in boxing implies that an athlete has such skills: to quickly move towards rapprochement, to attack, dodge an attack and go on the attack again.

If the opponent is knocked out of position or gets confused by a missed assault, he must immediately be squeezed and finished off with a shock series.

When fighters are at the shortest distance from each other, the most difficult situation in boxing is formed. It is very difficult to force the opponent into this phase. And it is extremely difficult to work in it.

How to enter melee is shown in this picture.

The opponent is pressed against the rope, driven into the corner of the site. The second option is to competently reduce the distance with him during the attack, then when retreating, it is necessary to suddenly and swiftly apply a dive or double defense from the elbows. Then it takes place big step to the front and left side. Thanks to this maneuver, the initial conditions for such a limited duel are formed.

They need to immediately take the most advantageous position. If you manage to get your hands between your opponent's hands, then you are in that position. From this second, you can develop an attack. First, there are lower blows to the body and head. They match with hooks.

Possible mistakes: the fighter holds the opponent, and does not use the opportunity to defeat. In this situation, both athletes make a mutual grip.

The so-called clinch occurs. The Referee commands the competitors to take a step back. And so the conditions for the indicated situation are neutralized.

In the worst case, one of the boxers, starting this fight, "sticks" to his opponent, while he himself is lost. He captures him, but does nothing further. And the opponent, who knows what to do, seriously storms in response with a series of different blows.

The most unpleasant incident is considered when one of the boxers makes a one-sided grip, holds the opponent with his hand and punches him.

According to boxing rules, this technique is strictly prohibited during a fight. And the judge first warns the offender, and if such an action is repeated, he will disqualify him.

Melee techniques

When an opponent is captured on shortest distance, and then nothing happens - this is an ordinary picture. It is mainly characterized by beginners at the instinct level.

And the coach must set the correct melee techniques for his wards. The first priority for him is to defeat the capture instinct of his students. Different, independently created positions in close combat are involved. Students are specially placed in these positions. And according to the coaching assignment, they take turns carrying out mutual attacks.

The mentor at each lesson makes sure that the wards realize that the moment of rapprochement is the most optimal moment for a series of formidable boardings. At that moment, the student can release all his strength and boxing anger.

It is often difficult for a coach to psychologically influence the trainees. And only artificial technical measures can solve this problem. If they do not help, the trainer will admonish the fighters with kind words and hope that the students will gradually develop the necessary fighting mentality.

Attacking techniques in such a battle have already been discussed. Defensive actions are equally important.

It is very difficult to hone defensive melee techniques in boxing. Here the main task is to neutralize enemy actions. The technique is as follows: you need to place your hands between your opponent's hands and block his elbow joints with the imposition of hands. If this can be done, you must immediately storm the opponent. You can lean on his shoulders and jump back - this is a way out of a critical situation.

The most sensible solution is to sharply move your hands from the bottom up. But their input can also be diagonal: one hand follows the input vector from top to bottom, cuts between the elbow joint of one hand, in parallel, the second hand performs the same maneuver from bottom to top.

Another way to paralyze enemy offensives is to halt. Method: the forearms of the hands are placed on the forearms of the same hands (left, right) of the opponent. This protection is called a cross pad.

In a situation where the hands are blocking the opponent's hands on opposite sides, a direct overlap occurs.

Such skills are often instilled by trainers operating according to the Soviet school of close combat. They and other specialists also distinguish a universal defensive technique in such a fight - this is a double defense from the elbows.

In the situation described, it is difficult to get out of the corner. You can overcome the captivity of the enemy using the following methods:

1. Dive under his arm. The specified elbow defense is used. You are waiting for one of the left attacks to be sent to your head. Take a step forward and into right side, with the left foot. Here you need to dive under the opponent's attacking hand, lean on his body with your left elbow. Turn to his left and punch him in the head from the right. After a successful dive, he is already cornered.

1. Move away from your opponent by grasping and pivoting. At the moment of the offensive, the left hand is brought under the opponent's right shoulder, the right hand hits his left shoulder. In this case, you step forward and to the right side with your right foot. Lean on it and turn to the left. This is the combination of attack and dash. With a successful implementation, the opponent instantly leans back into the corner. The Boxing Code allows for this technique. And it always brings an effective outcome, and is often used by boxers.

Conclusion

Fighting in the corner of the ring occurs quite often in boxing. If you have perfectly honed the attacking and defensive actions necessary in such a situation, you can not only get out of a difficult situation, but also defeat the enemy.

E. I. OGURENKOV Honored Master of Sports, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences

(revised and enlarged edition)

Fizkultura and Sport Publishing House Moscow 1969

Close combat in boxing is an essential part of a boxer's prowess.

In this book, intended for coaches and boxers, the Honored Master of Sports E.I.

The work of E I. Og urenkov, based on personal sports experience, long-term observations and pilot study, contains a large and varied material about close combat and will provide serious assistance to boxers in improving their sportsmanship.

The author of the book is an outstanding Soviet boxer, whose sporting path played a significant role in the formation of the Soviet boxing school. Eight times he won the title of champion of the USSR, played in the lightest, featherweight, light, welterweight and middle weight categories.

Skillfully using close and combinational fighting, EI Ogurenkov in 1943, being a middleweight, for the first time in the history of domestic boxing won the absolute championship of the country and won meetings with the USSR light heavyweight and heavyweight champions.

EI Ogurenkov had 168 fights in the ring (24 of them with foreign boxers), 154 - won. E, I. Ogurenkov's combat assets include victories over famous foreign boxers - Norwegian E. Guliksen, European champions Hungarian L. Papp and Pole K. Kalczynski.

E.I. Ogurenkov was a well-rounded boxer who perfectly mastered a wide arsenal technical means and with the same skill he used fights at long, medium and short distances in meetings in the ring.

The plan of 1969 No. 90

Dedicated to dear, unforgettable educator and coach Boris Semenovich Denisov.

INTRODUCTION

Close combat makes up a significant portion of the sporting prowess of boxers. Often the success of boxers depends on the ability to act correctly in close-range combat.

v competition. But in order for a boxer to master the technique and tactics of close combat, a general acquaintance with how to act in close-range combat is not enough: a boxer must be specially trained in close combat and a lot of attention and time must be devoted to improving in it. For this, both the trainer and the boxer must have a sufficiently wide range of techniques and tactics.

TO Unfortunately, in the existing teaching aids, close combat is given undeservedly little space.

The present tutorial aims to fill, where possible, these gaps in the sports literature.

Presenting the melee technique, the author departed from the generally accepted classification of techniques. Melee techniques are described in roughly the same sequence as they are learned in practice. However, simple positions and techniques (position, strikes, defense) are distributed according to specific characteristics. But further, all the material of the technique is presented in strict accordance with the sequence of training recommended by the author and based on the transition from simple tricks to more complex ones.

This order of presentation creates great convenience for using the book. When preparing for classes, the trainer and boxer can easily use the material presented in the book.

The book is intended for training with adult athletes. But it can also be used when teaching boxing to young men.

However, it must be borne in mind that young men should be trained in close combat no earlier than five to six months after the start of classes, when young boxers have passed a fairly versatile physical fitness and master the basics of long-range combat. In addition, the volume of training material and workload in lessons with young men should be reduced in comparison with what is given for adult boxers. So, exercises in close combat should take no more than 15-20% of the time in the main part of the lesson; the number of lessons should also be less, for example, out of three lessons, one should be devoted to close combat, keeping in the material of such a lesson and teaching remote combat.

Attention should be paid to two features of the learning sequence proposed in the book. Firstly, you need to start learning how to hit with blows from below, and not from side ones. This is discussed in detail in the chapter on teaching methods. Secondly, you should first teach the blows performed with the right hand, and then with the left. This is in contrast to the long-range combat training sequence.

This order is necessary because the complex coordination of movements used

v close combat, the boxer learns faster and easier, learning techniques for right hand... When they are mastered, it will not be difficult for a boxer to perform them with his left hand.

The material presented in the book is based on long-term observations, our sports and pedagogical experience and a specially set up experimental study. The paper also summarizes the best practices of boxers and trainers.

As a result of all this work, a wide and varied means of technique and tactics of close combat have been identified and a methodology for training and improvement has been developed.

The book is designed to help boxers in their sports improvement and trainers

in their sports and pedagogical work.

Chapter I. CLOSE FIGHT IN SPORTS PRACTICE

GENERALIZATION OF THE EXPERIENCE OF BOXERS AND COACHES

The description of the melee technique and the methods of teaching boxers to fight at close range in our sports literature does not correspond to that practical combat

experience gained by individual boxers and their trainers: in the practice of teaching boxing and in fights in the ring, you can see a much larger number of technical and tactical techniques.

Therefore, using various methods, we set out to find out what boxers know about close combat and what technical and tactical techniques they use in sports practice (I mean the practice of training and the practice of sports).

To do this, we distributed a questionnaire among leading boxers and coaches, which contained questions about close combat. Over the years, we have carried out observations in training and major competitions USSR, Europe and the world, analyzed films in which fights were filmed during the largest boxing competitions and tournaments and analyzed their own materials (diaries, notes) collected over a number of years of personal sports performances.

The experience of the leading boxers and trainers of the USSR was also summarized through various conversations.

Comparison of personal data and statements best boxers and the trainers made it possible to identify a number of important points.

The overwhelming majority of boxing masters and coaches surveyed consider melee as an organic part of tactics and devote a lot of time to exercises in improving melee techniques.

V combat practice boxers use a wide variety of techniques close combat. Despite the diversity and multiplicity of techniques, they can be generalized, classified and systematized, as well as substantiated tactically.

Many of the melee techniques performed by individual craftsmen are repeated, but they are expressed individually by almost every craftsman.

V The practice of boxing masters can establish three main tactical directions of close combat:

− the desire to act technically and tactically diversified, using a wide range of methods of attack, defense and counterattack to defeat the enemy;

− the use of close combat as a forced method of self-defense; the desire to be at close range for the minimum time;

− the desire to tire the enemy in order to weaken his resistance and ensure victory over him.

A number of boxing masters use only single strong punches in close combat. The overwhelming majority of the masters resort to both single and serial blows.

The main methods of protecting masters in close combat are dives, stands, dodges, stops, used both to protect the head and body, and for active defense in order to seize the enemy's initiative.

It was noted that boxers studied melee in different ways initially. Some studied close combat at the end of their primary training, others after reaching sports category, many did not study it at all.

V the overwhelming majority, when studying melee techniques, boxers used a holistic method, that is, they practiced attack and defense based on a wide technical and tactical assignment.

Another part of the boxers used the dismembered method, that is, at first they learned individual strikes and defenses against them, then a series of strikes and active defenses, and only after that improved in techniques performed in battles on assignments.

Such an analysis made it possible to note the following characteristic shortcomings in the technique and tactics of boxers who conducted close combat:

− the technique of blows from below, side and short straight lines has not been improved, does not give the desired effect and often leads to violations of boxing rules;

− many boxers have little command of impact defenses and active defenses used to seize the opponent's initiative at the time of his attack;

− boxers have at their disposal insignificant technical and tactical means used at close combat distance.

It is possible to establish from the answers the following reasons giving rise to a weak mastery of melee techniques:

− sports literature does not sufficiently cover the issues of technique and tactics of close combat, methods of training and improvement in it;

− trainers do not pay enough attention to the skill of close combat in the classroom;

− a holistic methodology for teaching close combat and improving in

− the method of teaching close combat in the practice of most of our trainers is carried out in a holistic way, which does not meet modern requirements (it should be studied in more detail and by a dismembered method).

The responses of boxers and coaches gave us the opportunity to write down (at first without a specific system) a number of melee techniques - strikes, defenses, ways to enter and exit melee.

We made systematic observations on training sessions in boxing in the sections of the leading Moscow sports societies and departments "Trudovye Rezervy", "Dynamo", "Wings of the Soviets", "Spartak", "Medic", "Chemist", "Stroitel" and in sports organizations a number of cities in the country.

We have gleaned a lot of material from observations carried out on the largest international competitions... In addition, we analyzed the fights of boxing masters at all the championships of the USSR from 1945 to the present.

All this allowed us to identify many shortcomings in close combat: very few deliberately sought to engage in close combat; most boxers do not know how to fight at close range; even those boxers who prefer close combat make many mistakes when entering close range (lack of insurance

and clear methods of entry). Many boxers had the wrong and uncomfortable stance during close combat; side impacts boxers often wear inside gloves; trying to get into close combat, boxers miss punches to the head; techniques in close combat are technically monotonous; inflicting blows in series to the head and body, boxers do not accentuate individual blows, but in the course of close combat make a number of tactical mistakes, losing the advantage gained in battle, which reduces the effectiveness of the fight as a whole; boxers often perform withdrawal from close combat technically incorrectly, and tactically - out of time; boxers rarely use close combat with punches; Boxers interrupt melee with long pauses and do not use the advantages gained from individual techniques in order to develop an attack.

Observations at the competitions were supplemented by the analysis of a large number of newsreels filmed at major international competitions, including the fights of the famous American professional boxers D. Luis, T. Galento, M. Baer, ​​and others.

We tried to expand the collected material, using our own seventeen years of sports experience.

WITH With the help of various methods of generalization of sports experience, we tried to determine the basic principles of close combat, to reveal the techniques used in battle as fully as possible, to classify them, filling in the gaps identified as a result of the classification, and to systematize the techniques according to the sequence of training.

This material is presented in the chapter "Melee Technique".

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MELE COMBAT TECHNIQUE AND TACTICS

Close combat in boxing is the most active form of combat, consisting of a complex of technical and tactical techniques used at close range. These techniques form a system of means of combat, expressed in blows with arms bent at the elbows, expedient

defenses against them and how to start and exit melee.

Stable position body in a position at a melee distance allows a boxer at the right moment to quickly make an appropriate decision related to attack, defense, counterattack, exit from melee, or perform various tactical actions. A stable body position in close combat provides a firm positioning of the legs on a full foot, bent at the knees, which lowers the body's center of gravity and contributes to strength and stability during single combat with the enemy.

The unstable position of the body in the position unbalances the boxer, makes it difficult to focus on the actions of the opponent and quickly react to the created situation by attack, counterattack, defense, withdrawal from close combat or various other tactical actions.

A grouped stance without muscle tension is beneficial in close combat. This position allows the boxer, without spending unnecessary energy and time, to successfully attack, counterattack, defend or perform any tactical action at the right moment of the fight.

An open position and excessive muscle tension will lead to negative consequences in close combat: a boxer has a reduced chance of success in attack, counterattack, defense against blows and in various tactical actions.

Excessive muscle tension quickly tires them, lowers resistance, interferes with enduring difficulties in a fight, weakens the boxer's will. An open ungrouped position will not provide an opportunity to quickly and firmly defend against blows.

Economical and rational movement in close combat creates an opportunity in the shortest time to implement the adopted combat decision and spend a minimum of muscle effort on this. An economical and rational movement conserves the boxer's energy and helps to achieve the intended goal.

An important quality of a boxer is accuracy and speed of movement. A quick, precise movement will help the boxer complete the intended fighting technique and thereby lead him to victory faster. In combat, speed and accuracy allow you to seize the enemy's initiative. At the moment of convergence, quickness gives the boxer the opportunity to be the first to launch an attack using any of the means permitted by the rules of boxing, and to seize the initiative in close combat.

In close combat, it is very important to be able to combine muscle relaxation with instant tension. When attacking, defending or counterattacking, only the muscles necessary to perform these movements should be involved. The minimum time of muscle tension spent on performing techniques will allow a boxer to save strength in a fight, prolong freshness and efficiency, and give him the opportunity to act energetically to win a victory over an opponent.

For example, during a melee strike, you need to clench your fist, but only at the moment it touches the target and immediately relax after the strike.

The ability to coordinate movements in close combat should be considered very essential and important. Before striking an accented punch, the boxer must prepare a comfortable starting position that allows certain muscle groups to be engaged in this position.

We observe the following preparatory movements in the boxer:

− turning the torso to the right for a lateral right blow to the head or torso;

− turning the torso to the left for a lateral left blow to the head or torso;

− slope to the right or left and squatting on the right or left leg, depending on the situation developing in the battle, for a side blow or blow with the right or left from below;

− abduction of the pelvis back and tilt of the trunk forward to strike from below in the trunk or head;

− tilt the trunk back and turn it to the right for a short direct blow or blow

to the head;

− leaning the trunk back and turning to the left for a short direct or side blow to the head;

− squatting to protect against blows and retaliatory blows from below in the torso or head;

− squatting and turning the torso to the right to protect jot punches and inflicting a retaliatory lateral or short straight right punch to the head;

− squatting and turning the body to the left to protect against blows and inflicting a retaliatory lateral or short direct blow to the head with the left;

− a circular movement with the body to the left, down, right, left and a turn of the body to the left with straightening to protect against a lateral blow with the right to the head and for a reciprocal lateral or short straight left to the head;

− a circular movement of the body to the right, down, to the left and rotation of the body with straightening it to protect against a lateral blow with the right to the head and for a reciprocal lateral or short straight left to the head;

− steps to the left, right, back, and several steps to the left or right to challenge the opponent to move towards the boxer and retaliate to the head or torso.

To realize the principles on which the close-range technique is based, a high physical fitness generated by systematic year-round training.

The technical and tactical techniques of close combat are inextricably linked with each other. Each technical and tactical technique is characterized by a specific content and specific form.

V melee techniques should be considered firstly, the features of an individual specific technique and, secondly, possible options this technique.

The technique of melee techniques should be the most economical and expedient in the form of movements and give maximum effect with minimal effort.

The melee technique in boxing consists of numerous techniques, consisting of blows from below, lateral, short straight lines, various defenses against them, counterattacks, used at the distance at which short punches can be delivered only with arms bent at the elbows.

A large number of existing techniques and their variants at close combat distance makes it possible to choose them and apply them in various situations that develop in battle.

The same can be said for melee tactics.

V In close combat, it is very important to be able to use various options for technique and tactics of techniques. By applying the appropriate option at the right time, the boxer will always be able to hit the opponent with one or another blow or a combination of blows. So, striking a blow with the left from below in the body, the body weight can be transferred to right leg, on the left leg or distribute it evenly on both legs, and therefore choose different options blows or series in further actions.

V conditions of a fight, when boxers constantly change their body position, create a threat of blow for each other, put up resistance, the technique of techniques, naturally, changes in accordance with the prevailing situation.

In order to successfully complete a skirmish or a stage in close combat, it is very important to seize the initiative in combat.

From the experience of the best masters of close combat and from personal experience, we concluded that every boxer who entered the melee distance should strive to seize the initiative, subordinate the opponent to his actions, force him to switch from attack to defense.

In order to perform a certain technique in close combat, it is often necessary to force the enemy to take one or another position. Melee masters use various tactics to force the enemy to take the appropriate body position. To deliver, for example, a blow with the left from below and a subsequent accented side blow with the right to the head, the boxer inflicts a distracting side blow (or two) with the right to the opponent's head, thereby forcing him to apply the defense by deviating to the right. When the opponent bends to the right, defending himself from a blow with his right, the boxer decisively attacks him with a planned blow.

Each preparatory or "feint" blow before the attack is important to perform technically so that it does not look different from the real blow, so that the boxer delivers it correctly and somewhat "emphasized", forcing the opponent to make an appropriate defense or take a body position favorable to the boxer to start the attack.

Excellent execution of a melee technique requires a boxer to have such coordination of movements that would allow maximum use of the necessary muscle groups for a short and effective strike, precise and durable protection.

After the blow has been delivered, the boxer has another task - to deliver a subsequent blow or a series of blows. To do this, he must anticipate the position of the body in which his opponent will find himself from the received blow, and coordinate movements for the development of a subsequent attack with certain blows to the body or head.

Appropriate alternations of strikes against different targets are called strikes. The series consists of three, four and five or sometimes more blows to the head and torso.

The series of blows are constructed in such a way that one or more blows that make up the series force the opponent to open his head or torso, where an accented blow should be delivered. So, for example, in order to perform a side kick to the head with the right, a boxer distracts the opponent with "feint" blows from below in the torso, forcing him to lower his arms for protection and involuntarily open vulnerable point on the head - a chin, where they strike an accented blow.

Or another example. Boxer conceived to inflict swipe right from below in the torso in the solar plexus region. He begins the attack with quick side blows with the right and left to the head, diverting the opponent's attention from the protection of the torso. There can be one, two or more distracting blows to the head. Punches to the head will certainly cause an appropriate reaction from the opponent, who will begin to defend the head with his hands, thereby opening Right place for an accented blow from the bottom right into the solar plexus.

In order to strike an accented blow, it is very important to prepare the starting position of the torso. For example, before an accented right kick from below, bend down and turn the torso and pelvis to the right so that it is convenient for the boxer to strike the intended blow.

By systematically training and improving your sportsmanship, the boxer must bring the technique of the series of punches to automaticity. An unexpected, automated series of strikes can often decide the outcome of a fight.

The technique of strikes, and especially a counter strike in close combat, provides for insurance against a possible strike from the enemy.

When striking in close combat, a boxer with his free hand must insure himself against a possible oncoming blow of the opponent. Insurance against any "accidents" with special protection will allow the attacker to avoid the oncoming strike. Describing the technique of blows from below, side and short straight lines in close combat, we will dwell in detail on the defenses against these blows and methods of belaying.

The technique and tactics of close combat in boxing, as well as long-range combat, cannot be regarded as something constant and frozen - they are constantly developing and improving.

In boxing competitions, there are opponents who differ in their characteristics both in technique, tactics, and in physical and volitional training. Therefore, the boxer must build his fight according to his own characteristics and the characteristics of the opponent. About it

one must always remember when choosing the appropriate techniques for the upcoming battle.

Chapter II. CLOSE COMBAT TECHNIQUE BASIC POSITIONS

Fighting position - the starting position of the boxer, convenient for offensive and defensive actions. In close combat, boxers constantly change positions depending on the personal intentions and actions of the opponent.

There are three main positions: active defensive, offensive and defensive. Actively protective position. The torso is bent at the lower back and tilted forward. Pelvis

slightly moved back. The legs are slightly bent and are shoulder-width apart. The feet are parallel. Body weight is distributed evenly across both legs. Boxers in stance lightly touch each other with their heads (at the left shoulder). The arms at the elbows are bent at an acute angle and shoulder pressed against that trap. The muscles of the body are not tense. The legs touch the floor with the entire feet, the knees are slightly bent (Fig. 1).

This position is used for various purposes. It allows the boxer to take a break from active offensive actions, makes it possible to protect himself from active actions of the opponent, especially from his right punches to the head. Using this position, the boxer can choose the right moment to resume the attack.

Offensive position... The torso is slightly bent at the lower back. The pelvis is slightly bent forward. The legs are bent at the knees, are shoulder-width apart and touch the floor with the entire feet. The feet are parallel. Body weight is evenly distributed over both legs. The arms, bent at the elbow joints at an acute angle, are lowered down and lightly touch the body. Boxers in stance do not touch each other with their heads (fig. 2).

Due to the fact that the boxers do not directly touch and do not hinder each other's movements, this position allows athletes to more widely use melee means. Tactically, this position is used for active actions in close combat; the boxer's arms remain free and he can strike and deliver active defenses.

Defensive positions... The body is straightened, slightly tilted forward and slightly pressed against the body of the opponent. The feet are parallel and shoulder-width apart. Body weight is distributed evenly across both legs. By placing the forearms on the opponent's forearms or on the bends of his elbow joints, the boxer does not give him the opportunity to deliver side blows to the head (Fig. 3, A).

The body is tilted forward and the chest is pressed against the body of the opponent. Straight arms are inserted from below under the arms and spread forward and to the sides. The legs are not bent at the knees, the feet are parallel and shoulder-width apart. Body weight is distributed evenly across both legs. The boxer does not hold, but also does not give the opportunity to strike himself (Fig. 3, B).

The body is straightened, slightly tilted forward. Feet parallel and shoulder-width apart. Body weight is distributed evenly across both legs. By placing the forearms on the opponent's forearms or on the bends of his elbow joints, the boxer does not give the opponent the opportunity to strike from below in the body (Fig. 3, C).

These positions are used by boxers who have a height advantage over the opponent.

Bottom blows

Blows from below are applied from bottom to top with the right or left hand bent at the elbow; the hand is turned with the fingers up; at the moment of the blow, the boxer clenches it into a fist.

The blows from below are distinguished by complex coordination of movements, but the great technical variety of these blows allows them to be widely used in close combat.

The blows from below can be: on the target - in the body, in the head; According to the distribution of body weight: with the transfer of body weight by opposite leg, with carry

body weight per leg of the same name, with an even distribution of body weight on both legs. The difference in the technique of blows from below to the head and torso lies mainly in

the direction of the beating hand. In addition, blows to the body are usually delivered with a less bent arm than blows to the head. The arm is bent depending on the distance to the opponent: the closer he is, the more the fold should be. The blows are applied on the spot (without a step) or with steps - forward, to the sides, back and in intermediate directions.

From the starting position, the boxer performs the following complex movements for a blow from below:

straightens her legs in knee joints: rotates and unbends in hip joints and gives the pelvis forward; turns and straightens the trunk; performs the movement of a blow with a hand bent in elbow joint, forward and upward; clenches his fist at the moment of impact *; at the moment of an accented blow from below to the head, in addition, the boxer rises on his toes.

The greatest impact force from below is created as a result of the coordinated fusion of the series strong muscles and their fastest possible reduction. Therefore, it is important to take a starting position for the strike that would facilitate better coordination movements.

Let us consider the technique of hitting with the right and left hands from below in the body and head in its three main variants: with an even distribution of body weight on both legs; with the transfer of body weight to the leg of the same name; with the transfer of body weight to the opposite leg.

A blow from the bottom right into the trunk with the distribution of body weight on both legs. Before the start of the movement, a strike from an offensive or active-protective boxer serves

* The moment the fist touches the target, the boxer must always make a fist. Therefore, in the further presentation, we will not mention this.

Close range combat is an important part of the technique modern combat... In close combat, only strong strikes are considered effective, this is especially true with a new approach to scoring in fights. Each blow must be applied powerfully with the obligatory inclusion of the rotational and rotational-translational movement of the body in the blow. At close range, in rare cases, a series of three or more blows should be applied. It is mainly necessary to deliver strong single blows and combinations of two blows, moreover, they must be applied selectively, alternating with active defense, from various directions and into open places.

The share of side blows in melee is significantly higher than blows from below, but blows from below, especially to the head, are powerful weapon in the technique of the strongest boxers. When analyzing the boxing technique of our boxers in domestic competitions, on rare occasions you will see the effective use of blows from below to the head in close combat. It is necessary to make it a rule that in melee attacks from below to the head are effective weapon in achieving victory. As for the use of lateral blows, it is also easy to notice the rare use of our boxers with a lateral right to the head. And in the most rare cases, you can see our boxers perform side blows to the body.

It is necessary to revise the technique of inflicting side blows and blows from below in close combat. It is necessary to deliver stronger accented blows and invest more mass in the blow, and it is imperative to use the rotational movement of the trunk to increase its strength. It is especially important to teach boxers how to properly strike from below to the head, using strong extension movements of the trunk. An important circumstance in this case is the position of the fist when striking from below and from the side. Correct position When hitting a fist, it increases its strength, creates a rigid chain: hand - forearm - shoulder, and also reduces hand injuries. The most optimal position for achieving these goals is such an end position of the fist when backside gloves directed towards the enemy.

The modern concept of close combat dictates the need to quickly apply, after entering the close range, a more grouped stance with the obligatory transfer of body weight to the forward leg. Having been late by only one, two tenths of a second, the boxer runs the risk of losing the situation in the subsequent development of close combat.

To successfully master the elements of close-range combat, it is necessary at the beginning of training to widely use imitation exercises. Performing these exercises improves the ability of boxers to control the trunk (transfer of body weight from one leg to another, feeling common center gravity - hereinafter "body weight") both in place and in motion. Only after high-quality performance of these exercises, when boxers "feel" finding body weight when performing certain punches, can one proceed to study the elements of close-range combat techniques.

A boxer, performing punches at close range, must necessarily alternate them with the implementation of certain types of defenses, such as slopes, dives, squats and blocks. Therefore, after learning blows from below in the torso and in the head, it is necessary to move on to more complex exercises, where blows from the bottom and the side will alternate, single and combinations of two blows with certain types of defenses. At the same time, it is necessary in training to go from simple to complex, namely: first, single strikes are used and after them, variants of defenses, then single strikes are repeated, but it is imperative after certain types of defenses have been completed and then the boxer is given more complex tasks with the implementation of combinations of defenses and strikes ... The main task in subsequent exercises is to teach a boxer to effectively alternate blows in close combat with certain types of defenses, i.e. to be maximally "charged" for a strong blow, but at the same time to be maximally protected from enemy strikes.

All exercises at the first stage of training are performed by a boxer from the position front pillar, then the boxer is invited to perform the entire set of imitation exercises listed above from a position closer to the usual combat position, but more grouped.

When studying and improving side impacts, the following rule must be observed: when applying a side impact to the head with the left, the boxer's body weight during the impact must be transferred to the right leg to increase the radius of rotation, and, as a result, to increase the impact force. When applying a side blow to the head with the right, the body weight must be transferred to the left leg, which also increases the force of the blow. The same rule must be followed for side impacts in the torso.

When performing exercises for teaching options of protection at close range, the following should be noted. Melee defense can be active or passive. Passive protection is used mainly in cases when a boxer cannot actively fight for some time, due to the state of "grogg" or getting into an uncomfortable position (corner of the ring, near the ropes). In some cases, passive defense is also used tactically to avoid close-range combat, as well as to tire the enemy in the first half of the battle to switch to active actions in the second part of the fight. Active protection involves the use of those options protective actions, which will make it possible to effectively defend themselves and at the same time, without losing control over the actions of the enemy, quickly switch to active actions. In some cases, melee combat requires the use of both active and passive defense, i.e. combine them depending on the situation in the ring.

Further exercises should be structured according to the scheme, when one boxer attacks alternately or by choice, and the other defends passively or counterattacks (in response). After studying these special exercises Boxers will master basic defensive movements, punches and melee combinations.

The following exercises are performed in a somewhat complicated form. The scheme of these exercises is as follows: attack, defense, counterattack, i.e. The attacking boxer, after striking a blow or a combination of blows, defends himself from the counter-attacking blows of his partner and, after the defense, again strikes or a combination of blows.

Further, the boxer is offered special exercises that directly solve broader technical problems of improving close combat. It is necessary to gradually increase the complexity of performing special exercises, from solving narrow tasks to performing exercises with broad tactical tasks.

Next, final series special exercises should directly bring boxers closer to those combat situations and the solution of broad tactical tasks in close combat that they may encounter during fights in the ring. These exercises can be offered to those boxers who have already quite firmly mastered all those close combat skills that they received during the previous exercises. Appropriate equipment is required to perform the following set of exercises. Boxers need to learn exercises in a helmet, have a mouth guard, a bandage, and, if possible, especially at the beginning of this set, use 12-14 oz gloves. The weight of the gloves can be further reduced.

Here are a few exercises in the final set.

Exercise N 1. Both Boxers perform the same task. They are given the task to deliver single blows from below and side blows in the trunk and blows from below to the head. At the same time, it is forbidden to deliver short straight strikes, side strikes to the head, and also use protection with a step back.

Exercise N 2. Both Boxers perform the same task. They are given the task to apply only combinations of two punches in any combination, it is forbidden to use short straight punches and defense with a step back.

Exercise N 3. One boxer delivers only single punches (bottom, side), the other - only combinations of two punches (bottom, side). Boxers are instructed to constantly change their stroke patterns. Of the options for defenses, it is recommended to use stands, blocks, dives, slopes, squats.

Exercise N 4. Both Boxers perform the same task. They are given the task to deliver single blows and combinations of two blows, while it is imperative to consistently alternate single blows and combinations of blows.

Exercise N 5. One boxer delivers only a series of three punches, the other - only single punches. During this exercise, the advantage of the boxer who strikes the single blows should appear.

Exercise N 6. Both boxers perform one task. They are instructed to use direct blows to the head and torso at a long distance (a secondary task), when entering a close range (the main task), use the entire arsenal of equipment for waging a close-range combat.

Based on his work experience, the trainer can add and expand all sections of the exercises with those exercises that, in his opinion, can be performed more effectively. main task- to teach our boxers to conduct close combat.

Based on the article by A.I. Kachurin, V.A.Kiselev and O.V. Kravchenko:
A.I. Kachurin Methodological foundations training in close combat in boxing / Kachurin A.I., Kiselev V.A., Kravchenko O.V. // Jubilee collection of works of RGAFK scientists dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Academy. - M., 1998 .-- T. 4. - S. 115-118

Close range combat is often a dirty gamble.

Usually it looks like this - two guys are pushing each other, and there is always a feeling that you are either defending yourself a lot (covering up), or working very carelessly (exchanging punches). You need a space to strike and a strategy to deliver those hits.

With a little bit of technique and knowledge, you can control position and action at close range. You can decide WHERE to place your body, choose the ANGLES of attack.

Learn how to create space and prepare your short range shots.

How to Create Space for Short Range Strikes

1. The location of the feet

The first thing to do is make sure your feet allow your body to create space for your kicks. For example: if you and your opponent are standing directly opposite each other, where your feet are literally NEXT to each other, you will see that the body (hips and torso) has no room to move or to create space for your arms.

One way to create space with your feet is to simply step with one foot to the side. If you want to create room for right kicks, step back or sweep your right foot away from your opponent. The more space you have between your right foot and your opponent, the more space you have to create room for your right kicks. Conversely, you will need to place your left foot further away from your opponent if you want to create space for your backhand kicks.

There are many ways to move your feet to a new position. The most commonly used is to walk or swing one foot away from the opponent. But there are other ways as well. Some guys jump and change stances (right-handed to left-handed and vice versa) because it gives you more space when changing stances in close range. And other guys can even walk FOR the opponent (and not away from him). It can also place your head and body in a safer position (to the side of your opponent) while still giving you more angles to hit.

Popular melee foot placement techniques:

• Pivot on your left foot, throw a left hook or left uppercut.
• Pivot on your right foot, throw a right hook or right uppercut.
• Turn around or jump on his front foot so that you are on the side, then punch hooks.

Shift one foot to create space for your kicks.

2. The location of the torso

Another way to create space in close-range combat is through hull positioning. You may have noticed that the bodies of the fighters tend to lean towards each other and fight for space close up. Both of you are trying to maintain balance and create space for your punches. At times like this, you have the option of either shifting your body to create space for your punches, or shifting HIS body to create space for your punches, or a combination of both.

If you are stronger, you can move his body back. You can push his body off axis by keeping your stronger body centered (using superior balance), or you can use your hands and forearms to push him away, or you can punch punches to see if he is off axis when tries to evade them. And when he is off-axis, you can continue to hit and apply even more pressure, because once he is unbalanced and off-axis, there is no way he can take that center again, unless he takes a step back and will return his rack.

At the same time, if you are weaker, or if you prefer to be more agile and use corners, you can tilt your body from the center (ONLY ONE LITTLE) and use that space to deliver your punches. Slight bends from time to time will provide you with the space you need to poke painful hooks and uppercuts up close.

Popular melee hull placement counters:

• If you are heavier, go at your opponent to make him tilt and lose balance, then hit him.
• If you hit harder, throw a lot of punches to knock him out of balance, then hit even more when he gets more vulnerable.
• Push it back or down with your front wrist, throw crosses or uppercuts.
• Tilt your torso back or to the side to stick in hooks and uppercuts.

Shift your body or shift your opponent's body,
to create room for strikes.

Melee Strategies for Delivering Strikes

Close-range work is when fighters shift to their natural instincts rather than their trained reflexes. This means that you can outsmart your opponent by approaching him with unusual hit sequences.

Mix Body Shots with Headshots

Yes, the classic strategy of striking different floors. I know this is the oldest trick in the tutorial, and yes, it definitely works in close combat. Try throwing a couple of punches to the body (to lower his elbows) and then throw a powerful hook to the body. Or do the opposite, throw a few quick light punches to the head and then throw a powerful hook to the body.

Try to punch body-body-body-HEAD
or head-head-head-BODY!

Move your head from side to side

You may have noticed that fighters often place their heads next to each other's shoulders when fighting at close range. The reason they do this is because it naturally brings the body closer. What is not often seen is how two fighters work closely, keeping their heads and feet directly opposite each other. This is especially true when both fighters are constantly off-center to gain corner advantage over their opponent.

One way to take advantage of this scenario is to punch punches while keeping your head on one of your opponent's shoulders and then quickly move it to his other shoulder. This will make him feel like you've evaporated from one side of the case and moved on to the other. This sudden change in head position will open up new angles for you to hit, and increase the likelihood that your opponent will not be ready to defend against them.

Popular Melee Head Placement Tips:

• Place your head on his right shoulder, punch fast lungs punches to distract him, then move your head to his left shoulder and stick a left hook into his body.
• Place your head on either of his shoulders, and then change head position, and quickly throw an uppercut right into the center of his head, or a hook on the side of the body where you have moved.
• You can also hit the side of his head that you opened. For example: place your head on the left side of his head, and then when you move your head away from there, you punch down the left side of his head that was just revealed.

Throw punches while you move your head
from one side of the opponent's head to the other.

Distract with One Handed Strikes, then Strike with the Second Handed

Once again, this is another template change tactic. At close range, throw a lot of distracting punches with one hand, and then quickly throw a hard blow with the SECOND hand.

Popular Melee Hand Swapping Tips:

• Throw a few right jabs to his head or body, and then quickly throw a powerful left hook to the head or body.
• Throw a few backhand punches to his head or body, and then quickly punch a right uppercut right down the center of his chin.

Distract your opponent with one-handed strikes
and then strike with the other hand.

Punch Bundles or Vowel Combinations

There will be times when you will be very close to your opponent, or you will be very uncomfortable standing, that you will not be able to land hard punches. Maybe both of you are so tired that neither of you has the energy to take a step. Or maybe you try to stand close and high, and slow down the fight to take a break. Or, maybe, you are squeezed by the ropes, and you cannot move anywhere, but he is leaning on you.

Whatever it is, you can still strike. At times like this, I love to punch. These lightweight punches may not be powerful and don't do any real damage, but they look great, they gain points, they show aggression, and can even create open spaces for tougher punches.

Popular Melee Bundle Chips:

• Get close to your opponent so that all of his hard punches are blocked, then throw a series of light punches to his head and body to piss him off.
• Weave on your opponent to pin him to the ropes or into a corner, and punch through the ligaments to keep him there. There is a high probability that the referee will not separate you if you actively beat him.
• Punch your ligaments through his block every time he closes or works very passively at close range. Be sure to be on your guard in case he crawls out from behind his block with counters.

If you have no room for powerful blows
try to punch faster light punches.

This is actually just a teaser article for my upcoming series on close range combat. I know that many of you have asked me to write on this topic over the years, and I am proud to say that I have made significant progress on this. I will go very deeply into many various techniques, tactics and strategies required for close range combat. If you have any special questions or suggestions on the topic of close-range combat, please write them in the comments!