Middle distance running presentation. Short-distance running presentation

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Running on short distances History of sprint development The development of sprint in Russia Sprint running technique Start Types of low start False start Sprint physiology Sprint as Olympic view sports Women's sprint Victories and records Short distance running - the main health benefits Used literature

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Short distance running (sprint running)

Short-distance running, or sprint, includes: running at 60, 100, 200 and 400 meters. In England, the USA, Australia and some other countries, sprint competitions are held at distances of 60, 100, 220, 440 yards. This is what the difference in running time between metric and yard distances looks like: 100 yards = 91.44 m; 100 m = 109.36 yards (+ 0.9 s). 220 yards = 201.17 m; 200 m = 218.72 yards (-0.1 s). 440 yards = 402.34 m; 400 m = 437.44 yards (-0.3 s). If the athlete ran 100 yards in 9.2 s, then his result in the 100 m sprint in terms of (9.2 + 0.9) will be approximately 10.1 s.

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The history of sprinting

The origin of sprint began with the Olympic Games of antiquity. Running on stages (192.27 m) and two stages was very popular among the Greeks. Moreover, ancient athletes used not only a high, but also a low start, using for this special starting stops in the form of stone or marble slabs. In the early years of appearance athletics in America, they used a start on the move, like a start in an equestrian race. Then a high start became widespread, when the athlete put one leg back and leaned forward. At the I Olympiad of our time, T. Burke first showed a low start at official competitions, although it was proposed in 1887 by the famous American trainer Murphy and was first used by his compatriot Sherrill. They started from small holes dug in the ground. Appeared in the 30s. XX century starting blocks allowed for improved low start techniques. Short-distance running, earlier than other types of athletics, was recognized as accessible to women and was included in the program of the 1928 Olympic Games.

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Sprint development in Russia

Sprint running in Russia became widespread later than in Western countries. In the first official athletics competition in Russia (1897), the program included 300 feet (91.5 m) and 188.5 fathoms (401.5 m) running. Currently, many coaches agree that the sprint running technique is purely individual and, despite certain biomechanical characteristics, depends on the specific individual characteristics of the athlete, as well as on the levels of power and speed he achieves. This, of course, does not exclude common to all rational elements of technology, the improvement of which they are engaged to this day.

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Short distance running technique

For the analysis of the sprint running technique, it is conditionally distinguished in it: Start Starting acceleration Distance running Finishing

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Start

In short-distance running, according to the rules of the competition, a low start is applied using starting blocks (machines). The location of the starting blocks is strictly individual and depends on the qualifications of the athlete and his physical capabilities.

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Low start types

In practice, four types of low start are used (according to the location of the pads). Regular Stretched Approximate Narrow The use of the start depends on the individual capabilities of each athlete, primarily on the strength of the leg muscles and the athlete's response to the signal. Along the longitudinal axis, the distance between the axes of the pads is set from 15 to 25 cm.

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With a normal start, the distance from the starting line to the first block is 1.5 - 2 feet, the same distance from the first to the second block. For beginner athletes, you can use the shin length arrangement, i.e. the distance to the first block and from the first to the second is equal to the length of the lower leg. With an extended start, the distance from the starting line to the first block is increased from 2 to 3 stops, from the first to the second block - from 1.5 to 2 stops. With a close start, the distance from the starting line to the first block is 1.5 feet, from the first to the second - 1 stop. With a narrow start, the distance from the starting line to the first block does not change, but the distance from the first to the second block changes from 0.5 feet or less.

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False start

The starting blocks are connected to a special device that fixes false starts. The starter has headphones, in which, in the event of a false start, an acoustic signal sounds, which sounds when the starting reaction time of one of the runners is less than 100/1000 seconds. Having heard the signal, the starter or his assistant return the athletes back and, according to the readings of the device, determine which of the athletes made a false start. The first false start in the race is considered general and does not lead to the disqualification of the athlete or the athletes who allowed it, nevertheless, subsequent false starts lead to the immediate disqualification of the runners who started prematurely in this race.

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Sprint Physiology

Sprint running is running at maximum speed. The runner's task is to pick up this speed as quickly as possible and maintain it for as long as possible. There are physiological grounds for the formation of speed in sprint running. Runners of any skill and age reach 55% of their maximum speed at the 1st second of the run, at the 2nd - 76%, at the 3rd - 91%, at the 4th - 95%, at the 5th - 99% , on the 6th - 100%. Then, until the 8th second, there is a maintenance of speed, the duration of this maintenance depends on the runner's qualifications. After the 8th second, an inevitable decrease in speed occurs.

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Sprint as an Olympic sport

The program of the Games of the I Olympiad in 1896 included two types men's sprint- distances of 100 and 400 m, at the next Olympics, a distance of 200 m was added to them. The representatives of the United States achieved the greatest success in the Olympic sprint. In the 100 m race, out of 25 gold medals, the Americans won 16 (Great Britain - 3, Canada - 2, South Africa, Germany, Trinidad and Tobago and the USSR - one each), in the 200 m - 17 out of 24 (Canada and Italy - 2 each, USSR, Jamaica and Greece - one each), at 400 m - 18 out of 25 (Great Britain and Jamaica - 2 each, South American, Cuba and USSR - one each). Two-time Olympic champions in one of the individual species the men's sprint was the Americans Carl Lewis (running 100 meters) and Michael Johnson (running 400 meters). The first, and immediately double, Olympic champion In the sprint, among the representatives of the USSR was the Ukrainian Valery Borzov, who won in 1972 in the 100 and 200 meters. Viktor Markin won the 400 meters in 1980. His gold medal so far the only one won by the Russians in the men's sprint.

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Female sprint

The first distance of the women's sprint run is 100 m in Olympic program appeared in 1928. Thus, while the championship in this form has been played 18 times. Gold medals were distributed as follows: USA - 10, Australia - 2, Poland, Netherlands, East Germany, Germany, USSR / Russia, Belarus - one each. Two American women - Wyomiya Tayes and GailDivers became two-time champions, and the only one is still angry. a medal for Russia was won in 1980 by Lyudmila Kondratyeva. At a distance of 200 m, the Olympic participants competed 15 times and the highest awards were won by representatives of the USA - 6, the GDR - 3, Australia - 2, the Netherlands, Poland, France and Jamaica - one each. The only one two-time champion in this form is the Barbel-Eckert-Wöckel from the GDR. The 400 m distance is the youngest in the family of the Olympic sprint - awards were played only 11 times: 3 of them were awarded to representatives of France, 2 each - Australia and the GDR, one each - Poland, USA, USSR and the Bahamas. The gold Olympic double in this form was achieved by the Frenchwoman Marie-Jose Perek, and the highest award for the USSR national team in 1988 was won by the Ukrainian Olga Bryzgina.

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Victories and records

Several sprinters have managed to become three-time champions (taking into account relay race) of one of the Olympiads. These are Americans - Jesse Owens (1936), Wilma Rudolph (1960), Carl Lewis and Valerie Briscoe-Hooks (1984), Florence Griffith-Joyner (1988), Michael Johnson (1996), and Marion Jones (2000), Dutch Fanny Blankers- Kuhn (1948) and Australian Elizabeth Cuthbert (1956). Olympic records Men 100 m 9.84 Donovan Bailey (Canada) 1996 200 m 19.32 Michael Johnson (USA) 1996 400 m 43.49 Michael Johnson (USA) 1996 Women 100 m 10.62 Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) 1988 200 m 21, 34 Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) 1988 400 m 48.25 Marie-Jose Perec (France) 1996

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Short Distance Running - Key Health Benefits

A loss excess weight... Research shows that sprinting burns 9 times more fat than regular cardio. This type of running also increases your metabolism by speeding up the rate of metabolic processes in the body. There are no overweight people among sprinters. Strengthening of cardio-vascular system... Long runs can put unnecessary stress on the heart. In contrast to the sprint, where there are bursts of maximum power, which load the heart much less. This increases endurance and allows for multiple workouts at once.

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Saving your time. You will keep yourself in great shape and at the same time spend a minimum of time on classes. In 15 - 20 minutes you get the same load as from 1 - 1.5 hours of classes in gym... The result is time savings and improved health. Fast results. Normalization of weight, strengthening of muscles and ligaments, increase in endurance - after 3 weeks daily activities... To obtain such results when practicing other types physical exercise, it would take you months.

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Used Books

Olympic Encyclopedia - 2006 Zhilkin A.I. and etc. Athletics: Textbook. manual for stud. higher. ped. study. institutions / A.I. Zhilkin, V.S. Kuzmin, E.V. Sidorchuk. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003. - 464 p.

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LONG DISTANCE RUNNING is a collection of track and field running disciplines in the stadium, combining various distances and running hours. Classic, Olympic, are distances of and meters.

Competitions at distances over meters are held on the highway. According to the classification, such competitions belong to the category of "runs"

This positioning of the foot requires high work of the arms and a slight tilt of the body in the direction of movement. In addition, high arm work increases the frequency of movements and allows you to maximize your running speed. The breathing technique is significantly different from similar jogging techniques. In addition, abdominal breathing should prevail. Ideal when the rhythm of breathing is fully coordinated with the frequency of steps and the work of the hands.

PROBLEMS AND DISEASES DURING RUNNING AT LONG DISTANCES: IN SPRINTERS: injuries of the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius soleus muscle tibia sprains, damage to the Achilles tendon, ligamentous apparatus ankle FOR MEDIUM AND LONG RUNNERS: inflammatory diseases feet and lower legs - tendovaginitis and paratenonitis of the Achilles tendon myofascitis, which occur when training on hard ground, with physical overload of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, traumatic neuritis, mainly sciatic nerve

SPEED QUALITIES EXCELLENT DEVELOPES: hurdling running on various terrain contours ACHIEVING HIGH RESULTS IN ENDURANCE: running with weights, running uphill on sand or soft ground, as well as running in difficult weather conditions. choosing the right tactics for the distribution of forces

INTERESTING FACTS: Everyone knows that meters are 10 kilometers. However, in athletics, this is not entirely true. The world record in one hour run is meters.

INTERESTING INFORMATION FROM THE BOOK OF GUINNESS RECORDS: Races on long distances... Longest distance. In 1929 it took place in the USA, along a 5898 km highway. American JOHNNY SALO overcame it in 79 days, showing a result of 525 hours. 57 minutes 20 sec. (average speed 11.21 km / h).

Run long distances. Longest distance. Longest distance - New York 1,300 mile run. In September 1995 GEORG ERMOLAEVE (Latvia) covered this distance with a record result: 16 days 16 hours. 28 minutes 19 sec. Run long distances. Longest runs. ROBERT SWITTGALL (USA) ran km around America, starting and finishing in Washington, DC. This race lasted from October 9, 1982 to July 15, 1983.

Run long distances. Record mileage. DOUGLAS ALISTER GORDON PERI (Great Britain), who set 5 world records in the 50s, in 40 years sports life(until 1981) ran a total of km. Extra Long Distances (Stadium Track Run) (Women). 6 days. 6 days: 883.681 km SANDRA BARVIK ( New Zealand) Campbeltown, Australia, November 1990

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What could be easier than running? Why study here? The legs of a man seem to run on their own. Yes, of course, you can just run a little, somehow. And beautifully, quickly, for a long time - It must be studied ...

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1. What does the poem say? 2. Is it true that running needs to be learned? 3. Formulate the topic of the lesson.

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KNOW WANT TO FIND OUT (A)
1.
2.
3.
4.

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We will learn:
1. How did running appear as a sport. 2. Connection of running with history, mathematics and biology. 3. Types of running in athletics. 4. High and low starts. 5. Who is the most fast man planets. 6. Are there monuments to runners.

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Historical aspect
An inscription was found on one of the rocks in Greece: "If you want to be strong, run, if you want to be beautiful, run, if you want to be smart, run." Scientists have established that these words were carved by the ancient Hellenes 2.5 thousand years ago. A number of other literary and artistic monuments of the distant past testify that running was a favorite exercise of the ancient Greeks, and that running competitions were a kind of ritual and holiday for them. So, in the poems of Homer "Iliad" and "Odyssey", created presumably in the 8-7 century. BC e., it is said that running competitions were held in honor of the fallen heroes or as a sign of any important events.

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The first Olympic competitions in BC were held only in running. According to legend, the first Olympic Games were organized by Hercules in 1210 BC. NS. From 776 BC NS. records were kept of the games of the olympiads that were held only in the course of one stage (192 m). In 724 BC. NS. added competitions in two stages. In 720 BC. NS. a seven-stage run was added and, as an example to the winner, athletes began to compete in the nude, aided by a culture of society that extolled tanned athletic bodies. Only men competed in the race. We started running from a special threshold - "balbis", in which holes were made to support the legs. Another stone threshold marked the finish line at the end of the track - "telos". Before the start of the competition, a drawing of lots was held among the runners - they took out tokens with numbers indicated on them from a silver urn. According to these numbers, the judges placed the participants in the competition at the start. The start consisted of races and finals, the best of the races got to the quarter finals, then to the semifinals and finals, where the winner was determined. The race began on a special command. Athletes who started ahead of time were punished with rods or sentenced to a monetary fine.

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Runners. Painting on an ancient Greek vase.

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Mathematical aspect
Length of the distance Time to cover the distance Running speed

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Biological aspect
Running strengthens the heart muscle. Running stimulates the liver by improving the flow of bile. Running develops airways and lung capacity. Running helps to cleanse the body of toxins and toxins. Running trains almost all muscle groups, and healthy muscles are the key to healthy joints. Running improves performance and improves mental performance. Running forms personal qualities: self-control, willpower, dedication.

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What is running?
Running is the second, after walking, natural way of movement, which has been used by humanity since its inception. Unlike walking, while running, a person has a flight phase, that is, the moment when all his points of support (legs) are in flight. In addition, unlike walking, when running, a person does not have a two-support phase, the moment at which both legs touch the support.

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Types of sports running:
Short distance running (30-400m) Sprint (100m, 200m and 400m) Barrier run (100m, 400m); Running at medium distances (usually the distance from 800 to 3000 m is equated to medium distances, this also includes running with obstacles at 3000 m); Long distance running (there are usually two of them - 5000 m and 10 000 m); Cross (cross country running); Marathon (running along the track for very long distances); Relay (the most command type of running athletics, including the following options: 4 × 100 m, 4 × 200 m, 4 × 400 m, 4 × 800 m or 4 × 1500 m).

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Sprint phases
1.Start 2.Start acceleration 3.Running distance 4.Finishing

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Low start
The beginning of any run is called a START. In running for short distances, where it is required to gain maximum speed as quickly as possible, use a LOW START. The athletes borrowed the low start from the kangaroo. Compressing like a spring, the runner, after a shot or command, rapidly throws his body forward. For this, the runner usually uses special STARTING PADS. They are installed in front of the line beyond which the running distances begin. The pads give the runner a solid footing for an instant, powerful push. The start is divided into three consecutive parts. Each of them is accompanied by a special refereeing team. After the runners have set the pads in a comfortable position for themselves, the judge commands: "TO START!" The athlete, without haste, approaches the starting point and kneels on one knee, as you can see in the upper figure on the right. This takes about 10 seconds. At the next command "ATTENTION!" the runner transfers the weight of the body to his arms, coming to a state of full readiness to run (middle drawing). After 1.5-2 seconds, at the command "MARSH" (on the shot of the starting pistol), the athlete flies out of the blocks with a bullet, trying from the very first moments to develop maximum speed.

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High start
At the command "Ready to start!" the runner approaches the starting line: - puts his strongest foot close to the starting line; - slightly turns the sock inward; - puts the other leg on 1.5-2 feet behind; - distributes the weight of the body to two legs; - the trunk is straightened; hands are freely lowered. At the command "Attention!" runner: - tilts the body forward at an angle of 45 °; the weight of the body is transferred to the strongest leg. When performing the command "March!"

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The sculptor Kostas Varotsos, who preferred to work with metal and glass, dedicated the work to the national hero of Greece, Spyridon Louis, a man who served as an ordinary postman in the suburbs of Athens. Spiridon took part in the first Olympic Games modernity in 1896, in which he won the 40-kilometer race. At the start, Louis was not at first the leader of the race, but gradually, the leaders began to withdraw from the race. Catching up with his rivals, Luis led the race a few kilometers before the finish line and finished with a score of 2:58:50. He won an important medal for his country. No doubt it was a real feat. The feat of an athlete with a 6-day sports career... Since then, the route of each marathon necessarily passes by this monument, which bears a fragile, but, at the same time, colossal power and willpower to win. Athletes are inspired and have strength for the rest of the journey.
Runner Monument

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From the book of records
The fastest man in the world The fastest man on earth is a native of Jamaica, his name is Bolt Usain. The sprinter managed to cover the distance of one hundred meters in a time of 9:69 seconds. This happened in 2008 on August 16 at the Beijing Olympics. With this result, Bolt achieved not only a gold medal, he also set the best time indicator for the 100 meter distance, which became a world record. In the same year, at the same Olympic Games on March 20, Bolt Usain puts new record only already at a distance of 200 meters. Its result is 19:30 seconds. He wins the second gold, and, most importantly, hits earlier. set record which was choreographed by Michael Jonsan. The gap was only 0.02 seconds - not enough, but the fact remains that Bolt Usain is the fastest man in the world.

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Verification test
1. What is the name of the beginning and end of the distance? A) "March" - "Stop"; B) "Start" - "Finish"; C) "Start" - "Stop". 2. What kind of start is used in short distance running? A) High; B) Low; C) Medium. 3. Running for short distances is: A) 800 - 3000m; B) 1000 - 1500m; B) 30 - 400m. 4. What is cross? A) Running around the stadium; B) Slow running; C) Cross country running. 5. The most team type of running in athletics A) Marathon; B) Sprint; C) Relay. 6. What quality is important in short-distance running A) Speed; B) Strength; C) Endurance. 1-B, 2-B, 3-C, 4-C, 5-C, 6-A.

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The body is straight, without tilting, Just a little bit forward, Like the sun from the sky, In the distance it calls you with a ray. Swing your hip, foot elastically push the Earth away from you. Just put it down without knocking, Do not reject it to the side. Should run smoothly, Like the flow of a river. Only forward should strive All your movements. Hands to the beat, bent at the elbows, Do not lift up strongly, Along the route line, guide them freely. Do not hold your breath, Breathe to the rhythm of the movements, And your lungs will be in good condition. Try to observe this technique while running And, of course, try to understand its subtleties.

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Internet resources:
https://ru.wikipedia.org http://sprintexpress.ru/ http://www.fizkultura-vsem.ru http://www.sport-ugolok.ru

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LONG DISTANCE RUNNING is a collection of track and field running disciplines in the stadium, combining various distances and running hours. Classic, Olympic, are the distances of 5,000 and 10,000 meters.

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Competitions at distances over 10,000 meters are held on the highway. According to the classification, such competitions belong to the category of "runs"

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The most popular is long distance running - from 3 to 10 kilometers. To achieve high results, it is necessary: to have high-speed endurance to be able to correctly calculate the speed of movement

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Long distance running technique:

The main thing in such a run is correct work legs. The foot should be placed on the front of the arch with further smooth rolling over the entire foot.

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PROBLEMS AND DISEASES DURING RUNNING AT A LONG DISTANCE:

SPRINTERS: injuries of the biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the lower leg, stretching, damage to the Achilles tendon, ligamentous apparatus of the ankle joint. , with physical overload of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, traumatic neuritis, mainly of the sciatic nerve

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Trainings for stayers:

Special types of runner training are conducted to develop endurance and speed qualities. Use: repetitive variable tempo run

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SPEED QUALITIES EXCELLENTLY DEVELOPES: hurdles running on various terrain. ACHIEVING HIGH RESULTS IN ENDURANCE: running with weights, running uphill on sand or soft ground, as well as running in difficult weather conditions. choosing the right tactics for the distribution of forces

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Everyone knows that 10,000 meters is 10 kilometers. However, in athletics, this is not entirely true. The world record in hourly running is 21,285 meters.

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Kenyan KIP LAGAT explained the dominance of his compatriots in long-distance running. The key to success in long distance running is of course endurance.

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INTERESTING INFORMATION FROM THE BOOK OF GUINNESS RECORDS: Long distance races. Longest distance. In 1929 it took place in the USA, along a 5898 km highway. American JOHNNY SALO overcame it in 79 days, showing a result of 525 hours. 57 minutes 20 sec. (average speed 11.21 km / h).

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Run long distances. Longest distance. Longest distance - New York 1,300 mile run. In September 1995 GEORG ERMOLAEVE (Latvia) covered this distance with a record result: 16 days 16 hours. 28 minutes 19 sec. Run long distances. Longest runs. ROBERT SWITGALL (USA) ran 17,071 km around America, starting and finishing in Washington, DC. This race lasted from October 9, 1982 to July 15, 1983.

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Run long distances. Record mileage. DOUGLAS ALISTAIR GORDON PERI (Great Britain), who set 5 world records in the 50s, ran a total of 347,600 km in 40 years of his sports life (until 1981). Extra Long Distances (Stadium Track Run) (Women). 6 days. 6 days: 883.681 km SANDRA BARVIK (New Zealand) Campbeltown, Australia, 18-24 November 1990

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Description of the presentation for individual slides:

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Presentation on physical culture on the theme "Running at medium distances" Physical culture teacher Kuzmenko O.A., YMK

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Medium-distance running Medium-distance running is a run between 800 meters and two kilometers. He is one of popular types athletics, as it is not as long as a long distance run and not as fast as a sprint.

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Technique for running at medium distances For maximum efficiency of running at medium distances, it is necessary to use various techniques for each of the stages of the running section, correctly calculate the speed. At the start, it is important to pick up the optimal speed, set the general pace of passing the entire distance. If this pace is too high, there is a risk of unnecessary energy consumption, which will lead to a poor result at the finish line.

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In the process of starting acceleration, it is recommended to increase the frequency and length of the stride up to about 70 meters of distance, in order to gradually switch to the distance speed. The ability to pick up the starting acceleration and smoothly move to the optimal pace of running is achieved by long workouts that develop the technique and correct running tactics. When running on a distance, the body must be kept level, with a slight forward bend. The arms are bent at right angles and move freely to the rhythm of the movement. The foot is placed on the forefoot and smoothly rolls over its entire surface. To ensure effective take-off from the lane, you need to fully extend the jogging leg while simultaneously swinging the free leg. This technique allows the athlete to relax for a moment. 200-400 meters before the finish line, it is necessary to tilt the body forward, increase the length and frequency of stride and the speed of hand work. Overcoming the finish line is carried out at maximum speed and requires special sprint training.

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Features of Medium Distance Running Medium-distance running requires excellent overall body endurance. Therefore, during training process great attention is paid to the development of this particular quality. The uniform method is best for endurance training, but the alternating method of training is perfect for novice athletes, in the process of which segments of fast running and walking alternate.

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For more experienced runners, cross-country cross-country endurance and continuous running at an even pace for a certain amount of time will help develop endurance. The duration of the lesson depends on the level physical fitness athlete and can reach one and a half hours. The most important thing is to select the load strictly individually, taking into account the physical state runner, constantly monitor his pulse and blood pressure, change the training intensity depending on these indicators.

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