At first glance, shooting is not much like a sport in the general sense of the word. Fixed production. Almost inconspicuous, rare, stingy movements. Immobility again. How far from exciting dynamics is it all wrestling... Still, shooting is a sport.

Bullet shooting has its own "sprint" distances and its own "marathon". For example, for 60 valid shots, 72 seconds ("olympic" - MP-8), and 4.5 hours are given for the exercise, where the shooter is shooting from three positions (lying, standing, kneeling). Each shot in a series is a start, and not the best of them, but all of them are counted. Exercises, especially with free rifles weighing up to 8 kg, require significant strength and endurance to carry from 75 to 150 valid shots in any weather conditions. In terms of the duration of the loads, their intensity and intensity, bullet shooting is unmatched. In competitions, performing the exercise "standard 3x40", the shooter works in the line of fire for about 6 hours and loses several kilograms in weight for the entire exercise.

Bullet shooting places specific demands on the physical ability of the athlete. If for representatives of speed-strength sports physical training is the leading one in the training process, then bullet shooting makes limited requirements in this sense, calculated for the optimal development of such special physical qualities like coordination, static endurance. With the same technical readiness, physically developed shooters have an advantage.

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Every athlete is filled with excitement before and during the competition. However, such a negative influence of this factor on the result, as in bullet shooting, is not observed in any sport. This is due to the fact that the actions of the shooter are in the nature of subtly and precisely coordinated movements, which vary greatly under the influence of the state of the shooter. Bullet shooting requires tremendous concentration of attention, strong tension of the nervous system.

Bullet shooting, like other sports, places great demands on the athlete as a person. He must have high emotional stability, sufficient volitional qualities. At the right time, the shooter must be able to concentrate, disconnect from the environment, suppress involuntarily arising thoughts that are not related to the work being performed. In bullet shooting, the exercises are varied. They are made from weapons that have different technical and ballistic characteristics.

Arbitrary rifles have a relatively large weight - up to 8kg, a diopter sight. The trigger pull is arbitrary. The stock has a pistol grip with a cutout for thumb, the comb of the butt can be moved vertically. It is allowed to use the butt plate hook. Trigger mechanism most often with an accelerator.

Standard rifles have significant differences: there is no stand, butt plate hook, and descent accelerator. The weight should not exceed 5 kg.

An air rifle is used to shoot at a distance of 10 m. The diameter of the "tens" on the target is only 1 mm.

Developing and educating functions of bullet shooting

Bullet shooting plays a certain role both in the physical and in the moral, moral and volitional development of a person.
Schoolchildren develop the following qualities when engaging in bullet shooting:

Psychological activity

Attention

• Emotional resilience

  Thinking

  Strong-willed effort

Psychological activity is closely related to attention. Attention is specific and cannot be directed to a large number of objects at the same time.

Shooting classes are structured in such a way that psychological activity is selective and, depending on the stage of execution of each shot, attention is focused on its elements alternately, depending on its relevance.

Shooting develops memory

Shooters have such a concept as "shot mark" - capturing the position of sighting devices in relation to the point or area of ​​aiming at the moment the trigger is released. If the shooter at this time does not concentrate on the shot mark and at least mentally repeats this mark several times, then later it will be impossible to remember how this shot was fired. A special type of memory is the so-called "muscle memory", which consists of memorizing certain muscle sensations. The shooter, constantly fixing muscle sensations in his memory under conditions of rational fitness, will eventually be able to recreate it in all even the smallest details as many times as necessary.

Shooting competitions are emotionally tense, therefore, sportsmen-shooters must have developed resistance to stressful situations, control over their emotions.

Bullet shooting also develops associative thinking. So, instead of saying every time: "The position of the shooter's body with the weapon in relation to the point or area of ​​aiming", the concept of "ready" is used. Concepts are usually expressed in terms that should not cause any secondary interpretations in the shooter's thinking.

When engaging in bullet shooting, such volitional qualities as purposefulness, perseverance, endurance, self-control. An obligatory factor in the manifestation and development of will is overcoming obstacles. For the shooter, these are the objective conditions of activity that interfere with the achievement of the goal during the shooting process.

Bullet shooting requires good physical fitness, developed central nervous system. The vestibular apparatus and the visual analyzer are also developing. Great educational value bullet shooting... Boys acquire skills in handling weapons, because they are future hunters and warriors. During classes and competitions, students are taught discipline, responsibility, and independence. Shooters are hardworking athletes.

Particular attention is paid to the safety of handling weapons.

Shooting technique training for schoolchildren

From the very first lesson, it is necessary to teach trainees to observe safety measures when handling weapons, saving rules, examining weapons and preparing them for shooting.

For beginners, a typical mistake is waiting for a shot, which negatively affects its execution (pushing the butt with the shoulder, pulling the trigger). Therefore, during this period, the use of simulators, training without a cartridge is mandatory.

The aiming process can be divided into 3 stages.

See the reticle with your dominant eye clearly and brightly.

Through the slot of the sight, the shooter must find the front sight and see it clearly.

Bring the entire system "sight mane - front sight" under the target apple or the center of the target. The shooter sees the target very vaguely, blurry. He shifts his gaze from the front sight to the target, clarifies the aiming, turns his gaze to the front sight. The main attention should be paid to the image of the front sight and the mane of the sight. They should be clearly visible and the target vague.

The difficulties of aiming with an open sight are due to the fact that the eye, as an optical device, cannot simultaneously clearly see two or more objects remote from it at different distances.

Weapons are not toys for children. Should I send my child to bullet shooting? And is there a place for girls in the men's sport? How to educate a shooter and a balanced athlete? We'll figure out.

History

pros

• Good health. Any sport has a beneficial effect on the health of athletes. Bullet shooting is no exception. At the first stage, adolescents go through a general sports training... After the emphasis is placed on special training shooters. When exercising, the muscles of the legs, arms, chest and back are involved, which allows you to keep your body in good shape.
• Emotional control. Shooters develop a special psychological balance and the ability to focus and control emotions. Shooting sportsmen are distinguished by their skill and calmness.
• Long career. The earliest age in shooting is 10 years old initial stage preparation. And you can practice this sport until old age - there are no restrictions. Moreover, over the years you gain experience, which allows you to stay in the game for a long time, to participate in international competitions. For example, Olympic champion Aleksey Aleksandrovich Alipov is 43 years old, and he continues to train and participate in international competitions.
• Low invasiveness. In football or hockey, for example, there is always a chance of getting hurt by other players. Or in endurance sports, an athlete is risking his health. It is extremely difficult to get injured in shooting. The exception is cases due to careless handling of weapons. However, such cases are extremely rare and are not a reason for refusing to study.
• Responsible attitude to weapons. Every shooter is familiar with safety precautions. And ignoring the rules will result in suspension from shooting. Moreover, children learn the correct use of weapons from the very first lesson, which fosters a responsible attitude towards a rifle / pistol in young athletes. Children should understand that shooting is first and foremost a sport, not an entertainment, and treat activities accordingly.

Minuses

The sports and youth schools, which mainly teach bullet shooting, suffer from a shortage of necessary equipment and inventory. Rifles and pistols are rarely updated due to poor funding for the Youth Sports School. Parents have to spend money on purchasing new weapons for professional career your child, or help schools financially. On average one pneumatic rifle costs 180 thousand rubles.

In addition to being expensive, sports are also unpopular with young people and children. Parents prefer team sports such as hockey and football. Or they choose sports where the child works on his body to a greater extent. The results of training in shooting do not come immediately. Sport is long-term, and therefore not everyone is ready to devote their whole life to it. Athletes start winning the first competition at the age of 20-25, which scares off their parents.

How much do classes cost

For a lesson with an instructor in the absence of your own weapon, you will have to pay about 1,500 rubles. in Moscow, if we consider a private TIR. With your own inventory, the training will cost 1200 rubles. In the regions, the cost of an hour is less - 1000 rubles. The CYSS takes teenagers to shooting classes, if the school has the necessary support.

How to choose a section

The start of sports activities and acquaintance with safety techniques for shooting a child can safely go in a regular sports school. After that, it is better to find a mentor for your child. And when choosing a school or a private center, you need to focus on it. The prominence of a school does not guarantee results. You must find your coach who will believe in your child, teach technique and instill a love for shooting.

Psychological picture

The shooting teenager is calm, focused. The young athlete learns to constantly control his emotions and. The shooter has willpower, patience and knows how to consistently move towards the goal. There is no fierce rivalry in shooting, the athlete does not go one-on-one with others. He does everything alone, and must gather strength, focus on shooting and show the result.

What difficulties can you face

Bullet shooting does not receive adequate support from the federal budget and suffers from a poor material base. Expensive equipment, expensive sportswear for performances, for example, a uniform costs about 150 thousand rubles, which also affects the popularity of sports in the country. Parents are required to spend heavily on classes and modern weapons to ensure their child has a sports career.

Summing up

Bullet shooting teaches the child to focus, self-confidence and the ability to tune in to each shot. He understands how to treat a weapon and does not perceive it as a toy. The child is aware of the responsibility for the result and the fact that he cannot rely on other team members. If a parent wants to raise a balanced athlete, a person who can fight and constantly learn, then bullet shooting is ideal.

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Bullet shooting is a type of shooting sports. Competitions in this discipline are held with the use of small-caliber, large-caliber, air rifles and pistols. Each competition is subdivided into rifle, pistol and rifle shooting at moving targets.

The history of bullet shooting originates from crossbow and bow shooting. The first competition in this sport was held in Switzerland in 1824. In the 19th century, such events began to be held in Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy and other European countries. A little later, bullet shooting became widespread in the United States.

The first world championship took place in 1897 in France. In 1907, the International Union of National Shooting Federations was organized, which included eight countries: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland and France. In 1921 it was transformed into the International Rifle Union, in 1947 - into the International Union shooting sports.

As weapons appeared and improved, the program of the World Championships also expanded. The Olympic Games were held by the military departments of the organizing countries, but the world championships were subject only to international rules and were regulated more strictly. In 1998, the main federation was renamed again, this time it became The International Federation shooting sport ISSF. She approved 7 women and 15 male species shooting, which were recommended to be carried out in international competitions.

The first Russian Championship in bullet shooting was held in Khabarovsk in 1898. After this event, shooting fan clubs were opened in many cities, and tournaments began to be organized. In 1912, the national team took second place on Olympic Games in Stockholm. Since 1917, sports shooting has become a priority in the general education system. His circles raised the first champions, who laid the foundation for the Soviet shooting school. The Olympic Games of 1952 and 1956 became successful for our athletes, in which they won gold medals.

In 1991 the Russian Shooting Union was created. In 1996, at the Atlanta Olympics, athletes won 3 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze. So the domestic school of bullet shooting began to rise.

Currently in Olympic program includes five rifle shooting exercises: two for women (small-bore rifle-5, air rifle-4) and three men (small-bore rifle-6, small-bore rifle-9, air rifle-6). The pistol shooting discipline also includes five exercises: women (small-bore pistol-5, air pistol-2), men (small-bore pistol-6, small-bore pistol-8, air pistol-3).

Separately, I would like to say that sports shooting forms endurance, perseverance, coordination of movements, observation, determination and the will to win. For achievement good results you need not only a refined technique, but also the ability to control your own emotions. The athlete must be well trained, have high moral qualities and psychological stability in extreme situations to overcome negative emotions and phenomena. Bullet shooting is a sport in which you have to fight with yourself.

Shooting sport is one of the oldest applied sports. First, they competed in archery and crossbow shooting, with the advent of firearms in the middle of the 14th century, they began to compete in shooting from smooth-bore guns. The creation of rifled weapons led to the emergence of bullet shooting.

In addition to practical shooting, which you can learn a lot about from our previous articles, the main types of sport shooting include: bullet, clay pigeon shooting, benchrest, varminting and sniping.

1. Bullet shooting

The type of shooting sport in which athletes use rifled weapons: pneumatic, small-bore and large bore rifles and pistols. Target - static and moving targets in the shooting range. Shooting can be done prone, standing or kneeling.

Bullet shooting was included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896. One of the initiators was Pierre de Coubertin, who was himself a seven-time French champion in shooting. Now at the Olympics in this sport, medals are played in 10 exercises: 5 from a rifle and 5 from a pistol.

Olympic exercise:

• VP-6(men) - air rifle. Distance 10 meters, target number 8, 60 standing shots.
• VP-4(women) - air rifle. Distance 10 meters, target number 8, 40 shots while standing.
• MV-6(men) - small bore rifle. Shooting from three positions (prone, standing, kneeling). Distance 50 meters, target number 7. It is necessary to fire 40 shots from each position.

• MV-5(women) - small bore rifle. Shooting from three positions (prone, standing, kneeling). Distance 50 meters, target number 7. It is necessary to fire 20 shots from each position.
• MV-9(men) - small bore rifle. Distance 50 meters, target number 7. 60 shots prone.
• PP-2(women) - pneumatic pistol. Distance 10 meters, target number 9. 40 shots.

• PP-3(men) - pneumatic pistol. Distance 10 meters, target number 9. 60 shots.
• MP-5(women) - standard small bore pistol. Distance 25 meters. The exercise is divided into 2 parts. The first - 30 shots at a fixed target No. 4, the second - 30 shots at an emerging target No. 5.
• MP-6(men) - an arbitrary small-bore pistol. Distance 50 meters, target number 4. 60 shots.
• MP-8(men) - standard small bore pistol. Distance 25 meters, 5 simultaneously appearing targets №5. 60 shots.

In addition to Olympic disciplines the bullet shooting program includes a number of non-Olympic ones.

2. Trap shooting

Trap shooting- this is shooting at special flying targets-skeet. Shooting is carried out in open ranges from a smooth-bore, but not a pneumatic gun.

Trap shooting dates back to the Middle Ages. Then the hunters organized bird shooting competitions. The first Olympic medals in clay pigeon shooting were awarded in 1900. Then the fire was fired at live pigeons thrown into the air, a little later the birds changed their plates.

The Olympic program includes competitions in 3 trap shooting disciplines: trench stand, round stand and double ladder.

• trench stand (TRAP). Athletes shoot skeletons, which are thrown out of the trench by 15 throwers in a random direction. The shooter does not know where it will fly until the target leaves. 1 round is given for each target.

• double ladder. Competitions are held on the principle of a trench stand, only the plates are thrown out not one by one, but in pairs. The shooting is carried out in a doublet.

• round stand. The arrows move from one firing point to another (there are 8 in total), changing the angle of fire. The plates fly out at different heights, the targets fly towards each other.

There is another discipline of clay pigeon shooting, which is not included in the program of the Olympic Games - sporting.

Sporting(hunting shooting) - a type of trap shooting, which unites almost all sports and hunting disciplines. Athletes need to shoot targets flying through the air and moving on the ground, simulating the flight of birds and the running of animals.

3. Benchrest

Shooting and technical sport, which is based on high-precision shooting. Benchrest appeared in the process of sighting small arms with a sandbag.

Benchrest- This is shooting for accuracy. The main task of the shooter is to make 5 (or 10) shots at one point. sits at a special table, the rifle is installed with the forend on the front stop. Athletes in this kind of shooting sport must be able to “read” and compensate for the wind, without this skill it is impossible to achieve high results in benchrest.

Benchrest competitions are held for both short and long distances.

• benchrest BR-50- shooting from small-caliber devices;
• short benchrest- shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
• Benchrest Long Range- shooting at a distance of 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and a mile.

4.Varminting

A kind of high-precision shooting, which is based on the type of hunting for rodents (marmots, rats and other small animals).

For varminting, there is a special type of weapon designed specifically for this sport: the Varmint Rifle. It is a small-bore rifle (5.6 mm), equipped with a heavy barrel and a strong telescopic sight (tenfold or more).

Shooting is carried out from a stop (tripod or stand). Artificial targets imitating the silhouette of marmots are used as targets in varminting.

5. Sniping

Sniping is shooting for accuracy from different positions, at previously unknown distances for a limited period of time in the field. Sportsmen shoot from sniper rifles.

Sniping is divided into sport and practical.

1) sports- This is target shooting for the sake of achieving the best result and getting prizes;

2) practical- the lot of servicemen and employees of power structures. Practical sniping, in turn, is divided into:

• police officer- competitions in the conditions of urban development, at distances of the location of objects in the city (on average 50-300 meters;
• military- shooters have to shoot at a distance of 500 to 1500 meters in mountainous and wooded areas

Recently I clashed with one "famous journalist" who, as, unfortunately, often happens with "famous journalists", slightly touching on any topic, already consider themselves unsurpassed experts and give advice as a megaguru.

So, we will talk about self defense with weapons and the application of the skills of various in the above self-defense.

In order not to be accused of trying to impudently enter the closed clan of the megaguru, distributing advice to everyone and everything, I will immediately announce what I start with all my lectures. Namely: all of the following is based on personal experience , personal analysis of the subject matter , and does not in any way claim to be the ultimate truth.

And only after the listener (reader) compares what is described by the author as with personal experience both with the analysis of the subject, and with the experience and analysis of others, the listener (reader) can only come a little closer to the truth. No more.

Shooting Sports Analysis

1. Sports shooting (bullet)

It doesn't matter if it's a pistol or a rifle. Pneumatics, .22LR, or so far a rare competition in our country with the use of "heavy calibers" - in any case, this is a very difficult sport that requires the highest nervous concentration, multiplied by the engineering component - high-quality weapons, ammunition, sight, etc.

Practical application - military / police sniping, hunting.

2. High-speed pistol shooting ("Olympian")

A difficult sport that requires high concentration and motor skills developed over the years. Due to the fact that shooting is always carried out from the same distance at always the same targets, practical use I could not think of it.

Will explain. Several years ago, I was holding a local match using a carbine. One of the respected shooters built the drill described in the briefing and spent a lot of time developing motor skills on this drill. During the match, the author changed the distance to the targets and between the targets - and the shooter's exercise “did not go well” - the motor skills were sharpened for other distances.

3. Skeet shooting (round stand)

Development of motor skills of the tab and shot in eight positions. Except for the doublet, shooting at the same point.

self-defense

4. Trench stand

The development of the motor skills of the tab and the shot when shooting at a flying target. The development of the speed of reaction, since the direction of launch is unknown.

Practical application - hunting. V self-defense- development of a high-speed first shot from a long-barreled weapon.

4. Sporting as a hybrid of a round and a trench stand

Practical application - hunting. V self-defense- development of a high-speed first shot from a long-barreled weapon.

5. Practical shooting IPSC / IPSC

An excellent dynamic and spectacular sport. All types of weapons - pistol (revolver), rifle, carbine. Never repetitive exercise. The bottom line is the balance of accuracy and speed (I will miss the power). Running at various distances on various targets, including on the move and from awkward positions. Developing constant control over the weapon (barrel direction, finger position outside the trigger guard, etc.), including when moving, reloading, eliminating delays and malfunctions. The development of high-quality retention of the weapon when moving, changing the shooting stand and position, firing a shot (especially with a "flash drive" - ​​two in a row).

V self-defense- the development of a high-speed first shot from a weapon that is in various positions (loaded, unloaded, on a belt, in hands, in a drawer of a table, a closet, etc.). Shooting from awkward positions. Shooting at various targets, including partially closed ones. Shooting on the go.

6. Applied shooting IDPA

Everything is the same as described in the previous chapter on IPSC. Realiy adds the use of exclusively "conventional" barrels, without bells and whistles such as collimator sights, muzzle compensators and stores for 30 rounds. Holsters and pouches are also common, adapted for hidden carrying on the belt. A special zest is added by the indispensable use of a jacket that covers the weapon. Mandatory test: when the jacket is unbuttoned and the arms are spread apart at shoulder level, the weapon should not be visible).

In addition, the exercise takes place "in the dark", without being able to get acquainted with the target environment. One more important point- it is obligatory to use cover, and control the position of the body when shooting from behind cover.

V self-defense- in addition to those described in the chapter IPSC- this is the first shot with a weapon drawn from under clothing, the use of cover for protection when shooting.

The use of various types of weapons in self-defense

Carbine

Affordable, but the most dangerous species weapons in self-defense... The defender can never predict in which direction the bullet fired by him will go, and it does not matter if this bullet hit the attacker, or passed by. The main thing is that a bullet can also hit an innocent person (and not just one ...). Also, we must not forget about the possible ricochet, which can hit both the shooter and those whom he protects.

Smoothbore shotgun

A type of weapon with a limited scope.

I have little idea in our reality of a respectable citizen who always and everywhere moves with a gun. Therefore, it is a weapon to protect against entry into the house, and from intruders and dangerous animals in the "wild" places.

Pistol (revolver)

The most effective, but also the most inaccessible type of weapon in our realities. High efficiency is due to the main principle “ always on me, always on me ". Inaccessibility - the lack of arms legislation and the creation of a caste of “specially elected” (by the President, the heads of the SBU, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Armed Forces of Ukraine), awarded with pistols (sometimes several), including some “famous journalists”.

Traumatic weapon

An extremely dangerous and unnecessary weapon. The danger is considered in several dimensions:

• with enough of our society, the concept of "traumatic weapon" sharply reduces the psychological threshold of use. If it gets into individual parts of the body, even with certified ammunition, a lethal outcome is possible. And further in the criminal case "firearms" will appear;
• when all the rules are followed (do not shoot at the head and neck area and from a distance of less than a meter) at an attacker dressed in winter clothes, who is in a state of one or another type of intoxication, use trauma may not give the expected effect, with unpredictable consequences for the shooter.

Self defense

It is possible to imagine very few situations when at self-defense you will have time to reflect on the situation, to take a comfortable and safe position. This is either when reflecting the penetration into the premises, or when deciding to provide assistance to a third party. In most cases, the attack occurs suddenly.

The author came across statistics on the United States, which indicated that 70% of the police were unable to repel an attack by malefactors with a knife from a distance of 7-8 meters. These are their police officers, with a pistol in an open holster, with a cartridge in the chamber, constant (not like ours - 3 shots in six months) shooting training. Therefore, in application weapons for self-defense there is such important aspect like willingness. Technical. Physical. Psychological. It is not typical for a person to be constantly in tension, expecting danger. Even the most trained bodyguards do not have eyes on the back of their heads, and only work effectively in a group.

Remember - the best self defense Is to do everything to avoid conflict.

Take care of yourself!