Subdivided into pistol shooting, rifle shooting, rifle shooting at a moving target. It is produced by a bullet from rifled weapons: pneumatic (4.5 mm), small-bore (5.6 mm) and large-bore (6.5 mm - 7.62 mm for rifles and 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols).

Targets are printed by typographic method on dense white or cream-colored material. When pierced by a bullet, such a target retains the outline of the bullet hole without excessively coarse distortions and breaks along the edges of the hole. The sizes and dimensions of the zones of dignity of the hole are different, depending on the type of weapon and the distance from the line of fire to the line of the target.

Now all the major international competitions are held on electronic target systems, which determine the value of a hole in an acoustic, optical or combined way.

Every year, bullet shooting competitions are held at various levels: from regional tournaments to world and European championships. The current rules International Federation shooting sports(ISSF) for bullet shooting, 15 men and 9 female exercise that are included in the programs international competitions... Mandatory Olympic program includes 4 male, 4 female and 2 mixed exercises.

Olympic exercise:

Rifle:

"Small bore rifle, 3 positions, 50m. Men", "Small bore rifle, 3 positions, 50m. Women", "Air rifle, 10m. Men", "Air rifle, 10m. Women", "Air rifle, 10m. Mixed teams ";

Pistol:

"Small-bore standard pistol. 25m. Women", "Rapid-fire small-bore pistol, 25m. Men", "Air pistol, 10m. Men", "Air pistol, 10m. Women", "Air pistol, 10m. Mixed teams".

ISSF official documents and international competition results list use short course names including distance of fire, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: "50m Free Rifle. 3x40 shots").

In Russia, an abbreviation has been introduced for each exercise - two letters and numbers. Letters indicate the type of weapon (VP - pneumatic rifle; MV - small-bore rifle; AB - (army) standard large bore rifle; PV - arbitrary large-caliber rifle; PP - pneumatic pistol; MP - small-bore pistol; RP is a large-caliber pistol (center combat revolver), and the numbers are the number of shots.

Photo - ru.wikipedia.org

Shooting sports are subdivided into bullet shooting and clay pigeon shooting. Bullet shooting subdivided into pistol and rifle shooting. V clay pigeon shooting athletes shoot 12-gauge smoothbore shotguns with shot charges.

Pierre de Coubertin was the French shooting champion long before he founded the Olympic Games. It was on his initiative that 4 types of pistol shooting and 2 rifle shooting were included in the program of the Games of the I Olympiad in 1896.

OLYMPIC GAMES

Shooting was included in the program of the Olympic Games by Pierre de Coubertin from the first Olympics in Athens in 1896 and since then has been included in the program of all Olympic Games except 1904 and 1928.

The first competitions were held only among men, and since the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, women have received permission to participate in shooting disciplines on an equal basis with men. The division into male and female disciplines began at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Since 1996, Atlanta has separated men's and women's disciplines.

In 2017, the International Olympic Committee approved the proposal of the International Shooting Sport Federation to include in the Olympic program three mixed exercises: "air rifle, 10m, men", "air rifle, 10m, women", "ladder, mixed teams". Thus, the number of exercises for men and women in shooting sports was equalized.

A total of 15 sets of awards are played out at the Olympic Games in bullet and trap shooting

RUSSIA

The first Soviet champion became in bullet shooting in 1952 in Helsinki Anatoly Bogdanov. He won the three-position high-bore rifle and repeated his success in 1956 in Melbourne. In women, double Olympic champion became Marina Logvinenko in small-bore and air pistol shooting at the 1992 Games in Barcelona. On the last Olympic Games representatives of Russia became champions: Yuri Fedkin (1992, Barcelona) and Artem Khadzhibekov (1996, Atlanta) in shooting from air rifle, Boris Kokorev (1996, Atlanta) and Mikhail Nestruev (2004, Athens) in shooting from a small-bore pistol, Sergei Alifirenko (2000, Sydney) in shooting from a high-speed pistol, Lyubov Galkina (2004, Athens) in shooting from a small-bore rifles) and Olga Klochneva (1996, Atlanta) in air pistol shooting.

Evgeny Petrov became the first Soviet Olympic champion in clay pigeon shooting in 1968. He won the Mexico City Games in the Round Stand. He hit 198 targets out of 200. At the 1976 Olympics, he was the head coach of the USSR national team, and at the 1992 Games, he was the head coach of the United Team in clay pigeon shooting. Olympic champions in clay pigeon shooting were representatives of our country Dmitry Monakov (1988, Seoul) and Alexey Alipov (2004, Athens), who won the shooting at the trench stand.

Photo - ru.wikipedia.org

Shooting sports are subdivided into bullet shooting and clay pigeon shooting.

Bullet shooting subdivided into pistol and rifle shooting. Athletes shoot from small-bore rifled weapons (5.6 mm diameter) and pneumatic weapons (4.5 mm diameter). The Olympic program includes 10 exercises.

Rifle: "small bore rifle, three positions, 50m, men", "small bore rifle, three positions, 50m, women", "air rifle, 10m, men", "air rifle, 10m, women", "air rifle, 10m, mixed teams ".
Pistol: “Rapid-fire pistol, 25m, men”, “small bore standard pistol, 25m, women”, “air pistol, 10m, men”, “air pistol, 10m, women”, “air pistol, 10m, mixed teams”.

Major international and all-Russian competitions conducted on electronic targets.

V clay pigeon shooting athletes shoot 12-gauge smoothbore shotguns with shot charges.

The Olympic program includes 5 exercises: "ladder, men", "ladder, women", "ladder, mixed teams", "skete, men", "skeet, women".

Shooting is carried out at targets-"skeet" flying out of the cars along a certain trajectory, which depends on the exercise.

Targets are made from a mixture of coal tar pitch (a component used to make asphalt) and cement. When pellets hit the plate, it breaks. To increase the audience's interest and to reduce the likelihood of a referee's error, shooting in the final is carried out on special plates - "flash targets", which, when hit, throw a cloud of brightly colored powder into the air. Target diameter - 110 mm.

Shooting sport- a sport in which athletes compete in the accuracy of shooting from different types weapons.

The history of the emergence and development of sports shooting

Shooting is considered one of the oldest applied sports. It appeared in the distant days of bows and crossbows. In the middle of the XIV century, bows and crossbows evolved into firearms, after which bullet shooting began to actively develop.

In 1449, the first shooting societies began to appear in France. firearms, later they appeared in England and the USA.

In 1896, rifle and pistol shooting competitions were included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896, and from 1897 the world championships in bullet shooting began to be held regularly.

Types of shooting sports

Bullet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting from pneumatic, small-caliber, large-caliber rifles and pistols. Bullet shooting is Olympic view sports, in particular, the Olympic program includes 5 rifle shooting exercises (MV-5, VP-4, MV-6, MV-9, VP-6) and the same amount from a pistol (MP-5, PP-2, MP -6, MP-8, PP-3).

Weapon abbreviations:

VP- pneumatic rifle
MV- small bore rifle
AB- standard large-caliber rifle
PV- arbitrary large-caliber rifle
PP- air gun
MP- small-bore pistol
RP- revolver pistol central combat.

Exercises:

MV-5- shooting from a small-bore rifle, distance 50 m. Position - prone, standing, kneeling, 3 × 20 shots.

VP-4- Pneumatic rifle. 40 shots while standing. Time 1 hour 15 minutes. An unlimited number of practice shots is allowed before the competition shots are taken.

MV-6- Arbitrary small-bore rifle. Distance 50 m. Target number 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 40 shots prone (1 hour 00 min.), 40 while standing (1 hour 30 min.), 40 from the knee (1 hour 15 min.). In each of the positions, an unlimited number of practice shots are allowed before the competition shots are taken. The winner is determined by the sum of the points scored in the three positions.

MV-9- Arbitrary small-bore rifle. Distance 50 m. Target number 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 20 prone shots, 20 standing, 20 from the knee. The total time for firing from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each of the positions, an unlimited number of practice shots are allowed before the competition shots are taken.

VP-6- Pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target number 8. 60 shots while standing. Time 1 hour 45 minutes. An unlimited number of practice shots is allowed before the competition shots are taken.

MP-5- a standard (sports) small-bore pistol (in the international classification, a pistol for the MP-5 exercise) is usually called a sports pistol, although this is the same pistol from which the MP-10 exercise is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is performed at a fixed target number 4, the second - 30 shots - at the emerging target number 5. Shooting is carried out in a series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is performed in 6 minutes; in the second half of each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between the appearance of the target - 7 seconds). First, all participants do the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

PP-2- shooting from a pneumatic pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.

PP-3- shooting from a pneumatic pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 minutes. An unlimited number of practice shots is allowed before the start of the competition shots.

MP-6- an arbitrary small-bore pistol. Distance 50 m. Target number 4. 60 shots. Time 2 h 00 min. An unlimited number of practice shots is allowed before the competition shots are taken.

MP-8- rapid-fire small-bore pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets №5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in a series of 5 shots; the shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two series of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of the competition shooting, in each half of the exercise, one trial series is performed in 8 seconds. First, all participants do the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

The numbers in the abbreviations indicate the ordinal number of the exercise in the national sports classification bullet shooting.

Trap shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting at open shooting ranges. Shooting is carried out with shot from smooth-bore rifles at special targets-skeet.

The Olympic Games include 3 trap shooting disciplines:

Round stand - athletes fire on skeet, moving from one shooting place to another (8 in total), as well as changing the angle of shooting relative to the trajectories of flying targets.
Trench Stand - Athletes fire at skeletons thrown out of the trench in a random direction.
The double ladder is the same as the trench stand, but the plates are thrown out in pairs and the shooting is carried out in a doublet.

Practical shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, the purpose of which is the assimilation and development of techniques that most fully meet the various cases of the use of firearms.

Shooting skill is measured as a balance of three main components:

Accuracy - points for hitting targets;
Speed - the time from the start signal to the last shot;
Power - the use of weapons of greater power is encouraged by a large number of points awarded for the defeat of the scoring zones of targets, in addition, a minimum caliber and a minimum power factor are set.

The result is the sum of the points for hitting all targets, including penalties, divided by the execution time.

Benchrest shooting is one of the shooting sports, the goal of athletes is to make five (or ten) shots at a valid target; the smaller the group size, the higher the shooter's place will be in the end of the competition. In this case, shooting is performed while sitting at a special table with the rifle set at close range for shooting.

There are the following disciplines of table shooting:

benchrest BR-50 - firing from small-caliber devices;
short benchrest - shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
Benchrest Long Range - shooting at a distance of 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and a mile.

Varminting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting at long and ultra-long distances, mainly in rodents. It is allowed to use artificial targets imitating the silhouette of marmots.

Sniping- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting from a sniper weapon.

Now all the major international competitions are held on electronic target systems, which determine the value of a hole in an acoustic, optical or combined way.

Every year, bullet shooting competitions are held at various levels: from regional tournaments to world and European championships. Currently, the rules of the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) on bullet shooting provide for 15 men's and 9 women's exercises, which are included in the programs of international competitions. The compulsory Olympic program includes 6 male exercise and 4 women. Within the framework of the Shooting Union of Russia, competitions are held in 46 exercises.

ISSF official documents and international competition results list use short course names including distance of fire, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: "50m Free Rifle. 3x40 shots").

In Russia, an abbreviation has been introduced for each exercise - two letters and numbers. Letters denote the type of weapon (VP - air rifle; MV - small-caliber rifle; AB - (army) standard large-caliber rifle; PV - arbitrary large-caliber rifle; PP - air pistol; MP - small-caliber pistol; RP - large-caliber pistol (revolver of the central battle), and the numbers are the ordinal number of this exercise in the national shooting sport classification.

Shooting types

Rifle shooting

Rifles for sports shooting exercises are subdivided according to the type: pneumatic (caliber - 4.5 mm), small-bore (caliber - 5.6 mm) and large-caliber (caliber - from 6.5 mm to - 7.62 mm). Rifles of all types must be single-shot (except for large-caliber standard rifles, which may have a magazine). The distance from the line of fire to the target line is from 10 to 300 meters.

For shooting from a rifle, the positions "prone", "from the knee" or "standing" are accepted.

Lying position: the athlete lies on the ground or on a special mat, leaning on his elbows. The weapon must be held with both hands and the right shoulder (for a left-handed athlete - with the left). During aiming, the shooter's cheek can be pressed against the rifle butt. The forearms are clearly separated from the mat. The forearm of the left hand supporting the rifle must form an angle of at least 30 degrees with the surface of the firing position. The use of a rifle strap is permitted.

Kneeling position: the athlete sits on bent leg, under the rise of which a roller is placed. The foot of the front leg, knee and toe of the other leg - on the ground or on a mat. The weapon is held with both hands and the right shoulder. The elbow of the left hand holding the rifle must rest on the left knee and cannot be displaced from the knee cap by more than 100 mm forward or 150 mm back. The use of a rifle strap is permitted.

Standing position: the athlete is standing. The weapon is held with two hands, the right shoulder, the cheek, and a portion of the chest near the right shoulder. The butt rests against opposite hand shoulder. The use of a rifle strap is not permitted.

To prepare for the exercise, athletes are given at least 10 minutes.
The use of special shooting suits and boots is allowed.
The use of optical sights is prohibited, but the use of a lens that corrects vision is possible.

Pistol shooting

Pistols for sports shooting exercises are subdivided into pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber (revolver) by type. Air pistols of 4.5 mm caliber are allowed, operating on compressed air or compressed gas and charged when firing with only one bullet. All air gun bullets must be made of lead or similar soft material. Small-bore pistols - 5.6 mm caliber chambered for side fire. Large-caliber pistol (central combat revolver) - caliber from 7.62 to 9.65 mm.

Pistols and revolvers are fired only while standing, holding the weapon in a freely outstretched hand.
In high-speed exercises, the competition rules impose a special requirement for standing before the start of the exercise: the arm with the weapon must be tilted down, at an angle of at least 45 ° to the direction of fire.

When performing the exercise, the shooter must be at the designated shooting position (firing position), not protruding beyond the front border of the line of fire and not leaning on anything during shooting.

Before starting the exercise, shooters are given time to prepare, depending on the type of exercise. The use of optical sights is prohibited, but the use of a lens that corrects vision is possible.

Shooting at a moving target

Shooting at a moving target is carried out from single-shot rifles. For shooting at 50 m, a small-bore rifle (caliber 5.6 mm) is used chambered for side fire. For shooting at 10 m - an air rifle (caliber 4.5 mm), operating on compressed air or gas. The use of optical sights is allowed. At 50 m, the magnification of the sight is not limited, at 10 m, the magnification is limited (4 krat). The use of special shooting jackets is allowed.

For shooting at 50 m, the "Running Boar" target with a drawn silhouette of a wild boar and a target located in the middle of the body is used.

For shooting at 10 m, a target is used, as for shooting from an air rifle, but with aiming points located on the left and right (electronic target), or a paper target with an aiming point between two targets.

Targets move alternately from right to left and left to right, passing through an open space - "window". Passing a target through a "window" is called a run. The target should pass the "window" with a slow run - in 5 seconds, with a fast run - in 2.5 seconds. Only one shot is fired per run. In each half of the exercise, before the test runs, the shooter is given 4 trial runs - 2 on the right and on the left side of the movement. In trial runs, the target moves at the same speed as in the next scoring series. Shooting at moving targets is carried out only from the "standing" position and occurs from a jump, and before the target appears in the run window, the butt of the weapon must be at the belt.

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