Article for buyers of the Health Circle market: How to wear an orthopedic lumbosacral corset - recommendations

Many people wonder how wear an orthopedic corset, from what position, how much to tighten it. And this is no accident, because if you do something wrong or at the wrong time, you can thoroughly harm yourself. That's why wear a lumbosacral corset how to apply medicines, also needed according to the rules of medical science.

Problems or diseases spinal column(or dorsopathies) require careful and long-term recovery. And this is understandable, the spine is the pillar of life, on which the management of the work of all is based internal organs and systems, as well as the human musculoskeletal system.

Any deviation from the correct conduction of a nerve impulse, both from the brain to organs and, conversely, from organs to the brain, leads to serious changes in the functioning of organs and systems and to possible subsequent diseases. For example, pinching the roots of the Th2 level leads to arrhythmias in the work of the heart muscle, and pinching the roots of the C7 ( cervical) invariably leads to numbness of parts of the hands, functional and trophic disorders.

In the lumbar spine, for example, when the roots of the L3-L4 levels are infringed, pathological changes in the work of the pelvic organs occur: in women, this is a violation of the trophism of the uterus and its appendages with corresponding consequences, in men - a violation of the trophism of the prostate. And if an adequate restoration of the conductive function of the nerves is not carried out, the disease is not far off.

In turn, timely and high-quality treatment of the spine and restoration of the conductivity of the lumbar roots provide a positive change in the work of the pelvic organs. The importance of good treatment cannot be overemphasized. Initially, anti-inflammatory therapy is given when treating back pain. Thus, edema is removed when the roots of the lumbar are pinched, and further measures to strengthen the muscles and ligamentous apparatus of the lumbar spine give excellent results for recovery.

In order for the treatment process to be complete and much faster, additional measures are needed, such as fixation of the lumbar spine: here you need to wear an orthopedic corset. V initial stage treatment of pain syndrome, the corset will fix the vertebrae and prevent them from shifting relative to each other. This will remove one of the causes of pain - muscle spasm since the corset takes on a supporting function. During this treatment period, the doctor himself will prescribe how to put on the lumbosacral corset. Read more about what an orthopedic back brace is.

Putting on an orthopedic corset

After the acute period of the disease, after several days of treatment, and then put on a corset according to their own principles.
These principles relate to lumbosacral corsets of various modifications - a cotton belt for the spine (2 metal ribs), a reinforced lumbar corset (2 metal ribs), a back brace (4 metal ribs).

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2- Before the expected load for preventive purposes(during remission).

1- To hold therapeutic effect for a long time put on an orthopedic corset immediately after massages, manual therapy, after physiotherapy exercises and in the supine position.

ATTENTION IMPORTANT:

How to put on an orthopedic corset correctly after exercise therapy, massage, manual manipulations (see the diagram of the belt elements):

1. 1. First, unfasten two side fasteners (item 3) from the belt itself.
2. 2. Bring the belt under the lower back, observing the direction of the upper (point 1 is directed to the head) and the lower edge. They are stacked in such a way that the protruding spinous processes of the lumbar spine lie between the stiffeners (item 2).
3. 3. Then the main wide fastener is tightly fastened (item 4), without tightening too much.
4. 4. In this position, pull the side braces (item 3) on the right and left and fix them on the belt.
5. 5. After fixing, you need to gradually rise and, if necessary, correct the position of the corset.

It is not necessary to tighten the belly with a belt. Wearing a corset should be comfortable.
Wearing time in a row: 2-3 hours

Orthopedic belt elements

Designations on the diagram:
1. 1- the upper edge of the corset (the tag is sewn closer to the upper edge) - located closer to the head;
2. 2- metal inserts - stiffeners - located between them lumbar spine - spinous processes ;;
3. 3- side puffs on Velcro adhesive tape: open before use - as on the left; on the right, the puff is closed;
4. 4- adhesive tape of the main lock;
5. 5- plastic plates;
6. 6- outer part of the corset.

2- Before the expected load for the prophylactic purpose of osteochondrosis, you need to wear a lumbosacral corset (during remission):

1. 1) for example, you need to go to a store to shop and you will need to carry a load of 5 kg or more in your hand;
2. 2) many who have back pains, protrusions and intervertebral hernias continue to work physically (electricians, tilers, welders, drivers, cooks, etc.) and temporarily wear an orthopedic belt to relieve the problematic lumbar level;
3. 3) before carrying the child in their arms, they also wear a belt to protect the spine from back pain and injuries;
4. 4) for the prevention of back pain, the corset is widely used by drivers of cars and tractors.

For prophylactic purposes, you can put on a spine corset while standing. The time of continuous use of a semi-rigid orthopedic belt is up to 3 hours in a row (unless the doctor has prescribed otherwise!), Then it is necessary to remove the product and give a break for 1 hour. Further, if necessary, after an hour of rest, the belt can be put on again.
The corset is removed during the night's sleep.

We wish you good health!

Basketball is currently one of the most popular sports. The number of officially registered players worldwide exceeds 200 million. The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) in 2002 included 173 countries.

Regular basketball lessons improve coordination of movements, train the respiratory and circulatory organs, develop muscles, strengthen nervous system... In many countries around the world, basketball classes are included in the physical training program for students in secondary schools and higher education institutions.

Rules of the game.

The game is played on a rectangular ground 28 m long and 15 m wide (earlier its dimensions were 26ґ14 m, respectively) with a special ball.

Ball weight 567-650 grams, circumference 749-780 mm (in men's games; in games women's teams smaller balls are used, and even less in mini-basketball matches). There are two types of basketballs: indoor-only and multi-purpose, i.e. suitable for use both indoors and outdoors (indoor / outdoor). The basket (a metal ring with a diameter of 45 cm with a net stretched on it without a bottom) is fixed at a height of 3.05 m on a backboard mounted on a stand parallel to the front lines of the site.

Until the late 1960s, official competitions were held both outdoors and in gyms. Since 1968 all official matches are held only indoors. Major tournaments basketball is usually held in halls with a height of at least 7 m.

The match starts in the center of the court. The referee throws the ball straight up between the two opposing players. The moment they touch the ball (you cannot take the ball into your hands), the playing time begins. After each whistle from the referee, the stopwatch stops and starts again with the restart of the game. (Accordingly, in basketball, a distinction is made between "live ball" and "dead ball".) The time is recorded by the referee-timekeeper. Earlier matches sponsored by International amateur federation basketball (FIBA) consisted of 2 halves of 20 minutes of net playing time. According to the new rules, adopted in 2000, the match consists of four halves of 10 m of net time each (in the NBA - of four halves of 12 m) with 2-minute breaks between the first and second, third and fourth halves, a break in the middle of the match - 15 m.

Previously, a player could have unlimited possession of the ball. In the 1960s, a 30-second (FIBA) and 24-second (NBA) limit was introduced: after the limit, the team loses the ball. According to the 2000 FIBA ​​rules, teams are also given no more than 24 seconds to attack. The judging panel includes a so-called 24-second operator who monitors compliance with this rule. In addition, there are also the “rule of three seconds” (this is how long a player of the attacking team can be in the opponent’s limited zone, which is sometimes called the “3-second zone”) and the “rule of eight seconds” (during this time, the team that got possession of the ball in his own half of the court, should transfer him from the backcourt to the frontcourt).

There are no draws in basketball. If at the end of the regular time of the match the score turns out to be equal, an additional 5-minute time is assigned - overtime. If in overtime none of the teams achieves a victory, another additional five-minute is appointed, etc. An exception is possible if the teams, according to the competition regulations, hold paired matches (according to the so-called cup system): then a draw can be counted in the first match, and the winner in a pair is determined by the results of the second game.

An accurate shot into the basket from a position behind the arc, held at a distance of 6.25 m from the backboard (in the NBA - 7.27 m), is estimated at three points. This arc is also called the "three-point line". All other throws (including from under the shield) are estimated at two points. If the ball is thrown into the basket, but the opposing team blocks (intercepts or hits) it directly above the basket, the points will be scored as if the throw had reached the goal. Often the referees have to play a held ball during the game. The ball is considered a dropped ball in the following cases: if two opponents have a firm grip on the ball and neither of them can get hold of it without breaking the rules; if the ball went out of bounds from two players of different teams (or the referee could not determine exactly which player touched the ball last); if the ball gets stuck between the backboard and the ring, etc. Depending on the situation, a held ball can be played either between the direct participants in the "dispute", or between any two players of the opposing teams. A dropped ball cannot be substituted.

Basketball rules have a few restrictions on dribbling technique. After dribbling, a player can only take two steps with the ball in hand without hitting the floor. Then he must either throw the ball into the ring, or give it to a partner. In the case of the third step, a run is called and the ball goes to the other team. If the basketball player stops with the ball in his hands and instead of throwing it into the basket or passing to the partner starts dribbling again, a double dribble is recorded and the ball also goes to the opponent. The player in possession of the ball may stop and then continue moving, provided that, during the stop, he continues to tap the ball on the floor. The ball in basketball can be dribbled alternately with one or the other hand, but not with both hands at once. If a player receives the ball while standing still, or stops after receiving the ball, he is not allowed to lift his pivot foot off the floor before he releases the ball from his hands.

Five players from each team play on the court at the same time, another five to seven basketball players are on the bench during the game. The number of substitutions in basketball is not limited, but they can be carried out only at the moment when the stopwatch is stopped.

According to FIBA ​​rules, on official competitions players are numbered 4 to 15. The numbers "1", "2" and "3" are not currently used as numbers. Among the special gestures used by the referees during the match, there are gestures with these numbers: for example, when the referee points out a violation of the “three seconds rule” or indicates how many free throws a player of the injured team must take. Likewise, on his fingers, the referee shows the match secretary the player's number, which is punished with a personal remark. In order to avoid confusion, it was decided to abolish numbers 1, 2 and 3.

Basketball rules prohibit hitting an opponent on the hands, pushing him, holding him with his hands, stepping on his feet, meeting with his leg (both straight and bent at the knee). A player who commits any of these violations is declared a personal penalty (foul). If an athlete receives five fouls during the match (in the NBA - six), he is removed from the field before the end of the meeting and replaced with one of the substitutes.

A double foul is declared when the players of both teams simultaneously violate the rules: both basketball players receive personal comments, and the ball remains with the team that was in possession of it at the time of the violation, or a held ball is played. There are also: technical fouls (for unsportsmanlike behavior, such a punishment can be imposed not only on basketball players on the court, but also the coach and substitute players for a dispute with a referee, an attempt to start a brawl, etc.), an intentional foul (in particular , for rough play or deliberate mistake in a game situation, fraught with scoring the ball), etc.

The most severe penalty in basketball is the so-called disqualifying foul. He is declared for a serious violation and entails the disqualification of the player and his removal from the court until the end of the game, regardless of the number of fouls he already had (another basketball player comes to replace him).

If a personal foul was committed in relation to the player who made a throw on the ring, or a technical foul was called, the referee, in addition to a personal remark to the offending player, also assigns free throws. Depending on the nature of the violation, the throws are made either by the victim himself or by one of his teammates. Free throws are made from a special point 6 m from the shield. Each accurate throw brings a point, so two points can be earned with two free throws.

In modern basketball rules, there are items such as "a game lost due to a lack of players" (a team is lost if only one player remains in its composition) and a "game lost by forfeiture" (in a situation where the team refuses to start - or continue - play after the corresponding signal from the referee).

At the very beginning, basketball had only 13 rules, now there are more than 200 of them. They are periodically reviewed by the FIBA ​​World Technical Commission and then approved by the Federation's Central Bureau. Their last major revision took place in May 2000.

The rules define only the basic principles of the game; they cannot provide for all possible game situations. In addition to the set of rules themselves, there are also their official interpretations, which stipulate the possible interpretation of the rules in various controversial moments. The match referee has the right to make an independent decision in situations that are not specified in the rules.

All official international competitions the rules approved by FIBA ​​apply. They are somewhat different from the NBA rules.

Technique and tactics of the game.

In modern basketball, the following game roles are distinguished: point guard defender; attacking defender, light and heavy forwards, and center (or center).

The point guard is also called the “playmaker” or “conductor”. The point guards have the most possession of the ball and play the whole team. They are required to have a great vision of the court, filigree dribbling and subtle passing game. Attacking defenders not only begin the attack of their team, but often end it with long-range throws. Forwards usually attack from the edge of the court, while centers usually attack from close range. Center-forwards, as a rule, are the tallest players in the team, their main function is to fight under their own and other people's shields.

The center's role has acquired a truly cult status over time. One of the strongest in the world has always been the Soviet school of centers, which gave the world such outstanding players as Otar Korkia, Janis Krumins, Alexander Belov, Vladimir Tkachenko, Arvydas Sabonis, etc.

Nowadays, basketball masters are extremely valued, who, if necessary, can play not only in their position. The concept of a "team player" is also very important. Legendary center Bill Russell's dedication to team play has allowed him to lead the Boston Celtics to the NBA Championship 11 times. His eternal rival Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia Warriors) was not inferior in class to Russell, but he preferred to play “for himself” rather than “for the team”, and in the end he only became an NBA champion once.

Depending on how the game is going, the coach may at some point make changes to the usual tactical formation (the standard is the “scheme” 2-1-2): for example, put two or three centers on the court at the same time. The success of a team is determined not only by the individual skill of the players, but also by the correctly chosen tactics. A classic example is the final of the 1972 Olympic tournament. Realizing that his players are inferior to US basketball players in their playing condition and physical data, Main coach For the USSR national team, Vladimir Kondrashin built a game from defense, imposed "his own basketball" on the opponent, which ultimately brought success to the Soviet team.

In basketball, there are zone and personal (personal) defense. In the first case, each of the players takes care of any opponent who is in the area (zone) of the court allocated to him. With personal protection, each basketball player takes care of "his" player. The so-called pressing is extremely effective - an active type of defense, in which opponents are guarded not only in the immediate vicinity of their shield, but also on the distant approaches to it, sometimes across the entire court. The purpose of the pressure is to prevent the opponent from playing the ball and attacking.

Of particular importance in modern basketball is wrestling under the shield. The famous basketball commandment says: "Who wins the backboard wins the match", and one of the main statistical indicators of a basketball player's play - whether it be a single match or the entire season - is the number of so-called rebounds and block shots.

A player's individual skill is made up of many components. Dribbling, i.e. dribbling the ball, including without visual control, which allows the player to instantly assess the changing situation on the court. Various feints misleading the opponent: deceiving movement with the ball, arms, legs, whole body, turning the head, looking, etc. Playing in pass... Especially appreciated is the so-called hidden pass - passing the ball without looking at the partner to whom it is addressed. Another technique from the arsenal of basketball masters is a pass from behind (holding the ball behind his back, the player throws it over his partner's head). Throws in basketball, they are carried out both from a place and in motion. There are many varieties of them: a jump throw, a hook throw (the hand of a player standing sideways to the opponent's basket moves in an imaginary arc), a throw into the basket from above, etc. Along with the ball handling technique in basketball, it is extremely important to play correctly without the ball ...

Basketball technology has evolved over the decades. For example, at the end of the 19th century. the players passed to each other with only two hands from the chest, and the throw was made in the same way or “from under themselves”. Such a seemingly natural technique as throwing the ball with one hand was first applied only in the 1930s and revolutionized the game.

When there was no time limit for attack, basketball was a very slow game. This is also confirmed by the "microscopic" results of the matches, which often did not go beyond 15–20 points on each side. For basketball of the beginning and middle of the last century, a leisurely rally of the ball was characteristic, and the success of the team was largely determined individual actions leading players. As a rule, these were the tallest athletes. For a long time, basketball was considered exclusively the sport of giants. There are really a lot of them among the former and current "stars" of basketball. For example, the tallest athletes in the history of Soviet basketball had incredible growth: the player of the Alma-Ata “Petrel” Uvais Akhtaev - 238 cm, and the player for the Kuibyshev “Builder” Alexander Sizonenko - 239 cm. But over time, a noticeable influence on the game began to be exerted also less tall players, who are called "babies" in basketball. They are extremely agile, hardy and have an excellent reaction. The famous Bob Cosey compensated for the lack of basketball growth with filigree technique, for his masterful dribbling and passing he was nicknamed "Basketball court Houdini" and "Nimble wizard". Michael Jordan, considered the best basketball player of all times, by basketball standards, he is also not a giant: his height is “only” 198 cm. Nevertheless, he fought on equal terms with taller rivals and for his incredible “flights” over the court received the nickname “Their Air”.

Before the adoption of the 3-second rule, the attack was often built according to a very simple tactical scheme: the tallest player of the attacking team was located in the immediate vicinity of the opponent's ring and, in the end, having received the ball, sent it to the basket. The introduction of the "rule of 3 seconds" forced basketball players to look for other options for developing an attack, more actively using medium and long throws. And with the introduction of a 24-second restriction on attack and a ban on returning the ball to its backcourt, the pace of the game has noticeably increased, great importance the passing game acquired, the technique and sniper qualities of the players began to be valued no less than their height.

Sometimes even non-compliance with the rules is used as a tactical technique. For example, the losing team at the end of the match deliberately breaks the rules: thanks to rebounds and subsequent skillful counterattacks, it can change the score in its favor. Likewise, the leading team may refuse free throws at the end of the match and put the ball into play from the sideline (such a “substitution” is allowed by the rules). This allows the team to gain time and keep the winning score.

From the history of basketball.

Descriptions of games reminiscent of modern basketball are found among the ancient Normans and in many "pre-Columbian America" ​​cultures. A modernized version of one of these games - pok-ta-pok, which was once a religious rite, is still found in the northern states of Mexico as sports entertainment and an attraction for tourists.

Among the immediate predecessors of basketball, basketball, which was widespread in the 19th century, is often called. in some countries, the children's game “duck on a rock,” with which James Naismith (1861–1939) was familiar: tossing a small stone, the player had to hit the top of another, larger stone. According to the biographers of Naismith, it was at the time of playing "duck on the rock" in the head of young James, in general terms, the "concept of basketball." She finally matured when Dr. Naismith began teaching anatomy and physical education at the YMCA International Youth Training College in Springfield, Massachusetts. Naismith noticed that winter gymnastics classes seemed too monotonous for students, and decided to engage them with some new mobile game of agility and coordination, which could be carried out indoors - and relatively small in size. At different ends of the sports hall, two baskets were attached to the balcony that encircled it around the perimeter (in English "basket", hence the name new game) from under the fruit (the height from the floor to the edge of the balcony turned out to be 3 m 5 cm, hence the standard that is maintained to this day at all basketball courts in the world). The students had to hit the basket with the ball. This is how basketball was born.

The first officially registered basketball game took place in December 1891. It was not quite usual for us. So, in Naismith's teams there were 9 people each (the doctor simply divided the group of his students equally), and they played with a soccer ball.

News of a new sports game flew all over America, and soon many letters began to arrive at the college where Naismith taught, the authors of which asked to send them the rules of the game.

In 1892 the first Basketball Rules Book, which contained 13 points, many of which are valid to this day. Although in some ways the "rules of Naismith" differ from modern ones. For example, the match consisted of two halves of 15 meters each. Dribbling was not allowed by the rules of early basketball: it was only possible to move around the court without the ball, and having received it, the player had to stop and either pass the ball to a partner or throw it into the basket. The number of players in the team was arbitrary - "from two to forty" (but always equal to the number of players in the opposing team). The player with the ball could not be attacked - you could only prevent him from disposing of the ball (jumping up, swinging his arms and other similar techniques). In case of violation of this rule, a foul was recorded, a repeated foul led to the disqualification of the offender - until the ball was scored. Three fouls in a row, committed by any team, were recorded as a "goal" in its basket, provided that the opponents themselves did not commit a single foul during this time. At one time, the team included a goalkeeper who was guarding the basket, and there was no basketball backboard behind the basket itself.

The game was rapidly gaining popularity. Already at the end of the 19th century. competitions were regularly held between teams from different cities and student campuses. Arose amateur leagues... In 1896, a basketball match was held in the small American town of Trenton, the winning team of which received a monetary reward. This is how one of the phenomena of the 20th century was born. - professional basketball.

In 1898, the first professional association of teams, the National Basketball League (NBL), was created. Having existed for five seasons, it has split into several independent leagues.

Around the same time, one of the regional branches of the YMCA created its own basketball league. The success of the undertaking was tremendous. The YMCA executives feared that this venture could discourage their students from interest in gymnastics - the number one sport in the Association - and disbanded the league. And thus contributed to the further popularization of basketball: the players of the disbanded league decided to make a living with their basketball skills. In the American province, one after another, new professional basketball leagues began to appear. And in 1914 the first basketball team was formed in a large city. Today it is known all over the world under the name "Boston Celtics".

NBA (National Basketball Association).

At the beginning of the 20th century. American blacks were prohibited from playing for or against white basketball teams, although amateur basketball was then cultivated mainly in New York's “black” Harlem and the black ghettos of other major US cities. For a long time, professional team managers ignored the black giant players, demonstrating incredible technique thanks to their natural flexibility and jumping ability.

In 1922, the first professional team made up entirely of black players, the New York Renaissance (or simply Rens), was created in Harlem. Black basketball players easily beat white student teams. In 1927, the historic meeting of the New York Renaissance with the Bolton Celtics took place. A series of seven matches ended in a draw (the teams won three wins each and drew one game, which was then allowed by the rules). After a short time, no one in America would dare to claim that basketball is a "white-only" sport.

A little earlier, in 1925, another attempt was made to unite in the framework of the national championship numerous teams scattered throughout the country - the American Basketball League (ABL) was created. However, with the onset of the Great Depression, the League had to be closed. Its former players have staged a real "basketball tour" throughout the country. They played a few demonstration matches in some small town, and then went to the next one. This "educational raid" did its job: student basketball began to develop at a rapid pace, which in the future was destined to become a true source of raw materials for the NBA.

In 1937 the National Basketball League (NBL) was recreated. But soon the Second began. World War, and most of the players were drafted into the army. And after the war, the NBL was in serious competition new organization- The Basketball Association of America (BAA), created by a native of Russia named Maurice Podolov.

Initially, the BAA consisted of 11 clubs. The first match took place on November 1, 1946, and the Philadelphia Warriors (now the Golden State Warriors) became the first champion of the Association. The championship was organized so clearly, and the interest in it was so great that the BAA began to move en masse. best players NBL, and eventually the League ceased to exist. From now on, only one organization remained in America, uniting all professional teams. After some time, she changed her name to the NBA, now known to basketball fans all over the world.

At the time of the founding of the NBA, basketball in America was far from the most popular sport. But the number of his supporters grew steadily, and in the late 1970s the NBA reached an unprecedented heyday. Today, the NBA championship is, in fact, a club world championship among professionals, although formally only 27 American teams and two Canadian clubs that joined them in 1995 participate in it. These teams are divided, according to tradition, into the Western and Eastern Conferences, and those, in turn, into two divisions: Pacific and Midwest (Western Conference), Atlantic and Central (Eastern Conference). Each of the teams plays 82 matches in the regular season. Then a series of playoff games begins. In each of the conferences, the eight strongest clubs are determined, which, according to a complex seeding system, play each other up to three victories (in the quarterfinals) and up to four victories in the semi-finals and the final. In a series of final matches between the winners of the conferences, the next NBA champion is determined, receiving the main prize of the Association - the Golden Basket.

The season is crowned by the All-Star Weekend, the program of which, in addition to the match between the national teams of the Eastern and Western Conferences (the first such match was played back in 1951), also includes a rookie match, a competition for 3-point shots and overhead shots.

The NBA is currently considered the most successful of all professional sports organizations in the world. The NBA leadership strives to maintain interest in the Association championship through all kinds of organizational measures. One of them is the draft system that was established back in the 1940s. Every year, clubs add newcomers to their ranks, with the draft scheme being such that the weakest club at the moment has a better chance of acquiring the strongest rookie basketball player. By modern rules, players who are over 18 years old can participate in the draft.

The most titled club in the NBA is the Boston Celtics, which have won the league title 16 times. And the most titled player is Bill Russell. Very scrupulously recorded by experts from the NBA and others individual achievements players. For example, Wilt Chamberlain holds, among others, records for the number of points scored in one match (100) and for the number of rebounds per game (55). And Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (another legendary basketball player, before converting to Islam, who bore the name Lewis Alcindor) in 20 years of performances in the NBA, he played the most games in the history of the League (1560) and scored the most points (38 387).

In 1997 in the United States, following the example of the NBA, the Women's National Basketball Association was created. (The first such attempt was made in the 1970s, but the then created Women's Professional Basketball League lasted only three seasons and collapsed).

International basketball competition.

In June 1932 in Geneva was created International Federation basketball - FIBB, later renamed FIBA.

In 1935, in the same place, in Geneva, the first European Championship was held, the winner of which was the national team of Latvia. Three years later, the female debuted European tournament... The first champions of the continent were Italian basketball players. Now the European championships are held every two years. Most often, Soviet teams won them: men's - 14 times, women's - 20.

The world championships for men's teams have been held since 1950, for women - since 1953. The first world champions in history were, respectively, the national team of Argentina and the national team of the United States. Currently world championship raffled every 4 years. The USSR team, like the national team of Yugoslavia, won world gold three times (1967, 1974 and 1982). Soviet basketball players became the first 6 times. FIBA also hosts world championships for juniors and juniors and for men under the age of 22. In addition, the official FIBA ​​calendar includes a number of competitions, including regional ones, both among national teams and among clubs.

Basketball at the Olympic Games.

At the III Olympiad in St. Louis and at the IX Olympic Games ah in Amsterdam were held demonstration basketball matches with the participation of American athletes. The Olympic debut of men's basketball took place at the 1936 Games in Berlin, where Dr. Naismith was the guest of honor. The basketball tournament has attracted a lot of attention. National teams from 21 countries took part in it. The victory was won by the American team. The USA national team won all Olympic tournaments, without exception, up to 1972, while winning 63 matches and not losing a single one. In the dramatic final of the Munich Olympics, the previously unbeaten Americans lost to the USSR national team. In 1976 and 1984, the Americans were again the first. At the Olympic tournament in Moscow, the Yugoslav national team took the lead. In 1988 basketball players of the USSR became the first again. Since the Olympics-92, professional basketball players have been officially allowed to participate in the Games. The US Olympic team, made up of NBA stars, was dubbed the Dream-team even before its roster was announced. She fully met the expectations of her fans and won a landslide victory at the Games-92. The dream team repeated its success at the next two Games.

Women's basketball was first included in the Olympic program at the 1976 Montreal Games. The first then, as then at the Games 1980 and 1992, was the USSR national team. All other Olympic tournaments were won by the USA national team.

Basketball in Russia.

At the beginning of the 20th century. member of the St. Petersburg Society for the Promotion of Moral, Mental and physical development young people "Mayak" Stepan Vasilievich Vasiliev translated basketball rules into Russian. “The grandfather of Russian basketball,” or, as it was also called, “Russian Naismith,” Vasiliev was just as versatile an athlete and no less enthusiastic about the new game, like its founder. Vasiliev persuaded his Mayak teammates to hold a test game. The historic match took place in St. Petersburg in December 1906. The "green team" and the "purple team", named after the color of the sportsmen's T-shirts, took part in it. The "purple team", headed by Vasiliev himself, a little later won the first basketball competition in the history of Russia and several subsequent ones. Petersburg and Moscow became the centers for the development of domestic basketball. In 1909, the first official tournament in Russia was held. In the same year, the first international match took place - with the founders of basketball, the YMCA national team. (According to some sources, this game was the first international match in the history of the entire world of basketball.) Russian team won a sensational victory.

The first basketball league - already in Soviet times - was created in Petrograd in 1921. In 1923 the first official tournament was held. Until the end of the 1930s, national teams of cities played in all-union competitions. The first in the history of the country championship among clubs was won by the team of Moscow "Dynamo".

After the Great Patriotic War, basketball in the USSR became one of the most popular and popular sports. At various times, the leaders of domestic basketball were Riga SKA, CSKA, Leningrad "Spartak", Kaunas "Zalgiris". Soviet clubs have won the European Champions Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup more than once.

In 1947 the Basketball Section of the USSR (later - the Basketball Federation of the USSR) joined FIBA. In the same year, the USSR national team successfully performed at the European Championship and won gold medals. The Soviet team has always been considered one of the strongest in the world. At the first Olympic tournament for her, our team seriously competed with the US team and took second place. At the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics, she also received "silver", in 1968 - "bronze", and in 1972 she won for the first time olympic tournament defeating the USA national team in the final with a minimum advantage of 51:50. In 1976 - again "bronze", in 1980 - "silver". In 1988, Soviet basketball players repeated their golden success, beating the US national team on the way to the final. But in the 1990s, the Russians performed unsuccessfully at the Olympic basketball tournaments.

The international debut of Soviet basketball players took place in 1935. One of our club teams defeated the French women in Paris with a crushing score of 60:11. The shocked organizers of the match offered our basketball players to play with the men's team. This game also ended with the victory of the guests - with a difference of 6 points.

The women's team, created in 1950, had no equal for a long time. Only at the second World Championship (1957) and the sixth European Championship (1958) did Soviet basketball players come second. At all other tournaments, they invariably won: 5 world championships and 20 European championships. And in 1976, the women's team led by Lydia Alekseeva (formerly one of the strongest basketball players in the USSR, who headed the national team for 25 years already as a coach) became the first ever team to win an Olympic tournament.

In 1990 created Russian Federation basketball (RBF), which eventually became the legal successor of the USSR Basketball Federation. Basketball CSKA is still holding its ground. Serious competition for the renowned army club is now Ural Great (Perm), UNICS (Kazan), Lokomotiv ( Mineral water). The traditions of our great basketball players are continued by the current "stars" of national basketball: Igor Kudelin, Andrey Kirilenko, Vasily Karasev, Zakhar and Yegor Pashutin, Sergei Panov and others.

Currently, over 4 million people play basketball in Russia (half of them are schoolchildren).

The Soviet (Russian) basketball school is still considered one of the strongest in the world. Tactical innovations and theoretical studies of the older generation (such as the famous coach Alexander Gomelsky, nicknamed "Dad" or the founder of the "Leningrad school" of basketball, Vladimir Kondrashin) are recognized in many countries. Lydia Alekseeva became the first domestic basketball player whose name was immortalized in the women's basketball hall of fame in the city of Knoxville.

Some types of basketball.

Mini basketball.

Mini-basketball rules were developed in the early 1950s by American Jay Archer. The game is intended for children 6-12 years old and is divided into two levels: actually mini-basketball ( age group 9-12 years old) and micro-basketball (for children under 9 years old). The playground and equipment are adapted for children. The length of the site is 28 m, width - 15 (options: 26ґ14, 24ґ13, 22ґ12 and 20ґ11 meters). The baskets are attached at a height of 2 m 60 cm, the backboard itself is also smaller than in classic basketball: 1.2ґ0.9 m. The ball weighs 450-500 grams, the circumference is 680-730 mm (for children under 9 years old, the weight of the ball is 300- 330 grams and a circumference of 550-580 mm). The layout of the mini-basketball court is the same as for a standard basketball court, but there is no line delimiting the 3-point area and the free throw line is 3.6 m (option: 4 m) from the backboard.

Mini-basketball is played by teams of five players each, although "reduced" squads are allowed - up to 2ґ2. There are often matches between mixed teams (both boys and girls). The game is played in four halves of 6 minutes. The rules of the game are somewhat different from classic basketball. In mini-basketball, for example, the net time is not recorded and the “rule of three seconds” does not apply.

FIBA has a special commission on mini-basketball, there is also International committee in mini-basketball. Currently, it includes representatives of 170 countries, mini-basketball is cultivated in the North and South America, Australia, Asia and Europe - only in 195 countries of the world. The first mini-basketball world championship took place in 1965.

In 1973, a mini-basketball committee was created under the USSR Basketball Federation. A year later, the country's first mini-basketball festival took place in Leningrad. Currently, the All-Russian club "Minibasket" holds a number of national (Cup of Russia, etc.) and international competitions.

Wheelchair basketball.

It appeared in 1946 in the USA. Former basketball players, who were seriously injured and injured on the battlefields during the Second World War, did not want to part with their favorite game and came up with "their own" basketball.

It is now played in over 80 countries. The number of officially registered players is 25 thousand people. The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) organizes various sporting events: World Championship - every 4 years; annual tournaments of club teams, zonal competitions (once or twice a year), etc. Wheelchair basketball has been part of the Paralympic program since the first such Olympics were held in Rome in 1960.

The rules of wheelchair basketball have their own prohibitions and restrictions. For example, “jogging” is prohibited - when a player, while dribbling the ball, spins the wheel with his hand more than two times.

Streetball

(from the English "street" - street). A more dynamic and aggressive sport than classic basketball. The game involves two teams of three players each (sometimes with one spare) on a special streetball court or on a regular basketball court, using only one half of it - and, accordingly, only one ring. In the event of a miss, the team that previously attacked the ring protects it from the opponent's attack, etc. Which team will start the game is determined by lot. The game continues until one of the teams scores 16 points (but the gap in the score must be at least 2 points). Sometimes they play until a gap of 8 points or for a time (20 minutes) - in this case, the rule of 30 seconds applies: if during this time the team failed to complete the attack, the ball goes to the opponent. The team is awarded a point for an effective throw, and two points for a throw from the 3-point zone. A ball thrown into the basket is counted only if it has been touched by two players of the attacking team. The ball then passes to the defending team: play restarts as soon as one of its players touches the ball. In this case, the ball must first be brought out of the 3-point line. Jogging, double dribbling and overhead throwing are prohibited.

Streetball tournaments are now held in various cities of Russia, often timed to coincide with major city holidays.

Korfball

(from the Dutch korf - basket). This game was invented in 1902 by a school teacher from Amsterdam, Nico Breckhuissen. Two teams of 8 people each (4 men and 4 women) play on a 40ґ20 m court, halved by a middle line, two halves of 30 minutes each. Four players (2 men and 2 women) are in their own half of the court and defend their basket, four - in the opposing team's half, their task is to hit the “alien” ring. After two successful throws, the defenders move to the offensive zone and vice versa. Korfball is less contact game than basketball. Moreover, according to the rules, a man can only play against a man, and a woman against a woman. Dribbling in korfball is not allowed, and the player who possesses the ball can take no more than two steps with it. The ring is narrower than a basketball ring in diameter (40 cm), and it is attached higher (3.5 m). (There is a more "large-scale" version of the game: with large size court, the number of players, etc.)

Korfball is extremely common in Holland (more than 100 thousand people constantly play it, more than 500 clubs participating in national tournaments are registered) and neighboring countries. Over time, korfball gained recognition all over the world, including in Russia, and is currently included in the World Games program. Since 1933, the International Korfball Federation (ICF) has been operating, currently officially recognized by the IOC and other international sports associations. .

Literature:

Gomelsky A.Ya. With the ball by country. M., 1960
Gomelsky A.Ya. Basketball everyday life. M., 1964
V.V. Aduevsky On the sight - a ring. M., 1965
Bashkin S.G. Basketball lessons. M., 1966
Gomelsky A.Ya. Basketball tactics. M., 1966
Children's encyclopedia: for middle and older age. Volume 7. M., 1966
Basketball: A Handbook. M., 1967
Alachachyan A.M ... Not just basketball. M., 1970
Gzovsky B.M., Kudryashov V.A. Student basketball(Analysis and exercises). Minsk, 1972
In the country of Olympia... Edited by L. Barykina. M., 1974
Gomelsky A.Ya. The eternal exam. M., 1978
Basketball: A Handbook. M., 1980
Gomelsky A.Ya. Basketball is conquering the planet. M., 1980
Mini basketball. Competition rules. M., 1980
Olympic TV Fan's Handbook... Author-compiler G.A. Stepanidin. M., 1980
Belov S.A. Basketball secrets. M., 1982
Physical culture and sports: Small encyclopedia Per. with him. M., 1982
Basketball: A Handbook... Compiled by PER. Genkin, E.R. Yakhontov. M., 1983
Yakhontov E.R. The ball flies into the basket. L., 1984
Gomelsky A.Ya. Basketball team management. M., 1985
Gomelsky A.Ya. The basketball bible. M., 1994
Gomelsky A.Ya. Basketball. Secrets of craftsmanship. M., 1997
Gomelsky A.Ya. Center. M., 1998
Kuzin V.V., Polievsky S.A. Basketball. M., 1999
I get to know the world. Children's encyclopedia. Sport. M., 1999
The World of Basketball: A Fan's Handbook. Rostov-on-Don, 2000
Avanta +. Encyclopedia for children. Tom: Sports. M., 2001
Parcel M. Basketball. Per. from English M., 2001
Khomicius V. Captain of a great team. M., 2001
Gomelsky A.Ya. Basketball encyclopedia from Gomelsky. M., 2002



The history of the emergence of basketball

Student basketball in 1947

The history of basketball goes back 130 years. We will tell you about who and how invented basketball, as well as about the periods and stages of its formation as popular type sports.

Who Invented Basketball?

James Naismith, who taught at the American College of the Youth Christian Association (MCA) in Springfield in the late 19th century. Naismith was looking for a new way to engage college students in sports. In those days, students were engaged only in gymnastic exercises which bored them very quickly. James Naismith has developed a new action game to bring boring gymnastics to life.

James Naismith, photo: www.art-pr.eu

The first basketball match took place on December 21, 1891. Naismith secured two fruit baskets to the balconies, divided the students into two teams, and handed them a homemade ball. The object of the game was the same as in modern basketball - to throw the ball into the basket. The winning team was the team that threw the ball more times.

The game was fundamentally different from modern basketball. Initially, there was no dribbling, and the players simply threw it to each other, moving a short distance across the court, on which there were practically no markings. To get the ball out of the basket, players had to climb a ladder.

When did the first rules appear?

In 1892. Naismith and the students were satisfied with the game with almost no rules only at first. Over time, the need arose for a clear schedule of matches, because sometimes even the fans on the balcony interfered in the course of the game - they caught the ball and threw it into the basket. In 1892, James Naismith compiled the first 13-point rulebook for basketball. That same year, physical education teacher Senda Berenson of a private women's college in Northampton, Massachusetts, adapted the rules for women's teams.

The new rules were revised and supplemented after the very first matches. The fans continued to "hooligan" and forced Naismith to come up with a shield that protected the basket. In 1893, the fruit basket went down in history, giving way to the familiar mesh ring. A year later, the first official basketball rules were approved, which operated throughout the United States.

Basketball court layout and dimensions

The history of the development of basketball

In the United States, basketball was promoted to schools as part of physical education lessons. Even before the beginning of the 20th century, basketball appeared in Canada, where college and university students also liked it. James Naismith promoted basketball in the United States, and the ICA College, where the first match took place, regulated the rules of the game around the first ten years of basketball.

Later, two organizations picked up the baton from the MHA college at once: the National University Sports Association and the Amateur Sports Union. They were responsible for popularizing basketball in America. Already in 1898, supporters of the new sport tried to create the first official association of teams - the National Basketball League. However, this organization existed for only five years, and basketball itself, meanwhile, got out of the North America.

Milton Hershey Industrial School basketball team

When did basketball go international?

Closer to the twenties of the XX century. First, basketball appeared in Asian countries, with which the United States had active trade and diplomatic relations. The first basketball teams outside the United States appeared in Japan, China, and the Philippines. Then basketball appeared in South America and Europe.

The 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis played a special role in the international popularization of basketball, in which the Americans staged an exhibition tournament among teams from several nearby cities. Later, at the 1924 and 1928 Olympics, basketball was also introduced as indicative sports.

In the 20s of the XX century national federations basketball have appeared in dozens of countries around the world. At the same time, the first official international meetings took place. For example, in 1919, a basketball tournament was held between the army teams of the United States, France and Italy, and in 1923, the first international women's tournament in the history of basketball was held in France with the participation of teams from the United States, England and Italy.

The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was founded in Geneva in 1932, and eight countries became its first members: Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Sweden and Czechoslovakia. In 1935 the International Olympic Committee admitted basketball Olympic view sports, and in 1936 in Berlin, the first ever set of Olympic medals in basketball. The first Olympics were won by the founders of basketball: the US team beat Canada in the final (19: 8). During the Berlin Olympics, the first FIBA ​​International Congress was held, at which uniform international rules basketball.

Wilton Chamberlain (first player to score from above in an official game), photo: redbull.com

When did basketball appear in Russia?

The first basketball teams in Russia appeared in 1906 on the basis of the Mayak Sports Society in St. Petersburg. Before the October Revolution of 1917, basketball in Russia developed mainly in the capital of the Russian Empire, St. Petersburg.

Basketball players of the Sports Society "Mayak"

At the beginning of the twenties of the XX century, basketball was introduced into the curriculum of students of the Main Military School of Physical Education of Workers and into the program of the Moscow Institute. physical culture... In 1923, the first USSR championship was played. Since 1934, the USSR basketball championship has been held annually.

In 1959, the USSR men's national team took part in the world championship for the first time and won all the matches there, but was deprived of gold medals for refusing to play against the Taiwan team. The USSR national team did not play with Taiwan for political reasons - because of its enmity with communist China. In 1976, the USSR women's national team won the first women's basketball tournament as part of the Olympic Games.

The history of professional basketball

At the beginning of the 20th century, the first professional teams began to form in the United States. There were even so-called "touring" teams that managed to play 200 matches throughout the country in a year. The most famous of them are: "Original Celtics", "New York Renaissance" and "Harlem Globtrotters". The exhibition team "Harlem Globtrotters" exists to this day and acts as "Goodwill Ambassadors" from the United States around the world.

Washington Palace players

Professional basketball began in 1935 with the establishment of the Midwest Basketball Conference. Within two years, the organization grew into the National Basketball League (NBL), funded by General Electric, Firestone and Goodyear. The NBL originally had 13 corporate teams, but later expanded to 38 clubs. In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed, uniting 16 teams. In 1949, the NBL and the BAA merged to form the most popular basketball league of our time, the National Basketball Association (NBA).

Today on the pages of this site you can get acquainted with history of origin and development wonderful game called basketball.

In the process of reading this article, you will get acquainted with the progenitor of modern basketball - the ritual game of the ancient Indians of the Mayan tribe (yes, it is according to their calendar that the end of the world should come soon) pok-ta-pok. Next, we'll talk about Dr. James Naismith, the man to whom we owe this sport and who drew up the first rules of basketball. Well, closer to the end of the article, we will learn about how basketball became so widespread. Well, let's start the history of basketball.

The progenitor of basketball - pok-ta-pok

If you happen to find yourself in Mexico, then be sure to visit the competition, called " Ulama". This is an almost perfect copy of an ancient ritual game called “ pok-that-pok". The game itself is as follows: the players are divided into two teams, the purpose of which is to throw a heavy ball made of rubber (the weight of such a ball ranged from 2 to 4 kilograms, and it was solid, i.e. there was no cavity inside) into a stone ring, attached to the wall. Moreover, the diameter of the hole into which the ball had to be hit was practically the same as the ball. But if you add that the rules allowed you to hit the ball only with your hips, elbows, shoulders or back, then the game became incredibly difficult. And finally: usually the losing team was sacrificed to the gods. Although, it happened the other way around: if the winners played too well, then they were sent to compete with the gods ... Such a game became the first analogue of basketball... Let's see what this game looked like.

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And we continue to tell the history of basketball and it's time to move on to the events that happened 120 years ago (by the way, on December 21, 2011, it will be 120 years since the first basketball game in the history of basketball).

The history of basketball - myths and facts

Unlike many sports, the birth of which was overgrown with myths and legends, the emergence of basketball has been accurately recorded and documented. The game was invented in December 1891 doctor James Naismith, who spent a long time trying to figure out what to do with his students in the cold, snowy winters that so often happen in New England.

James Naismith, a native of Canada, was a young physical education teacher at a Young People's Christian Union school (now called Springfield College) in Massachusetts. Sometime in 1891, Dr. Luther Gulick, head of the Department of Physical Education, turned to him for help to solve the following problem. Another cold winter was approaching, and it was necessary to come up with a new interesting game so that the students would not hang out and find a way out of their inexhaustible energy.

At first, Naismith wanted to spend in the hall football matches(namely the European version of football) for the winter. However, it turned out that gym too small for this sport, which presented Naismith with a fact: he would have to invent something new.

Naismith recalled that as a child, many of his peers were fond of the game, the name of which sounds like “ Duck on a stone". They put some kind of target on a large stone, and threw stones at it. Naturally, the most accurate one won. Then, he remembered that as a student at McGill University in Montreal, he kept sports uniform to play American football as follows: a box was placed on the floor, into which it was necessary to throw the ball.

As James later said in his book “ Basketball: its birth and development", He built the new game on five basic principles:

• for the game you need a ball: large and light, with which it is convenient to handle ("the ball should fit well on the hand");
• running with the ball in hand is prohibited;
• during the game, the ball can be owned by any player of any team;
• both teams can congregate anywhere on the court, but physical contact is prohibited;
• the ring is in a horizontal plane and suspended high above the heads of the players.

Naismith's reasoning was simple: ball games have always been very popular, but for small balls you need optional equipment: gloves, bats, rackets, etc. That means you need a big ball.

The balls were found without difficulty: a sufficient amount remained from the autumn season. Naismith asked school superintendent Pop Stebbins to nail down a pair of boxes at a height of three meters, which were located on opposite sides of the treadmill surrounding the gym. True, there were no crates, so Pop suggested a basket of peaches instead.

One of Naismith's students, Frank Mahan, wanted to name the new game after its inventor ( Naismithball), however, James, being a modest and shy man, was against it. " I laughed and told him that my name would put an end to any game"- Naismith liked to say. And then Frank asked, "Why not call the new game like a ball in a basket?" (in English - basket ball). This is how the name of the game was born, which is popular with millions of people around the world.

Basketball history - first leg

In the sports class of Dr. Naismith, 18 schoolchildren studied, who participated in first basketball game held on December 21, 1891. The dimensions of that site were 15.24 x 10.66 meters. And the first lucky throw in the history of basketball (by the way, the only one in that match) was a success for William Chase. He performed it from a distance of 7.6 meters, from the center of the site, after which his team won with an absurd score for our time - 1:0 .

The game, invented by Naismith, quickly gained fame: after all, his students, going home for the Christmas holidays, introduced all their friends to it. Only one year later, the entire United States was playing basketball. And since there were 5 Canadians and 1 Japanese among Naismith's students, the basketball epidemic swept these countries too.

At the dawn of its existence, basketball was not as spectacular as it is now, and the score did not grow so quickly. Although Naismith conceived of this game as a contactless sport and even laid down the appropriate rules (), at first the matches turned into very violent brawls.

Over the years, the rules of basketball have changed, making the game open, fast and dynamic. For example, they canceled the throw-in in the center circle after each goal scored, introduced the timing of the playing time, etc. That is why modern basketball is probably the most dynamic sport.

Well, this article, which tells about the history of basketball, has come to an end. I am sure that each of you found something interesting and useful in it. I wish you successful training and see you soon on the pages of this site!

Today basketball is considered one of the most popular and spectacular. It should be noted that the history of basketball is very interesting. After all, this is one of the few sports, the appearance of which was clearly recorded - both the date and place of its creation are known.

The history of basketball

Despite the fact that it is considered the American analogue of a similar game, it existed several millennia ago. It was an ancient ritual game called pok-ta-pok. A stone ring was attached to the wall of the arena, the diameter of which practically corresponded to the diameter of the ball. By the way, in those days the balls were made of rubber and there was no cavity inside them - they weighed from 2 to 4 kilograms.

The rules were slightly different from modern basketball - the ball could not be touched with your hands, all blows on the topic were delivered with your back, hips or elbows. Indeed, such a game was incredibly difficult. The losing team was sacrificed to the gods. Or, conversely, the lucky ones who won were sent to compete with the gods themselves.

The history of basketball: making a game

In fact, it is not known whether the inventor of modern basketball knew about the ancient "pok-ta-pok".

The young Canadian physical education teacher worked at the Springfield School of the Young People's Christian Union in Massachusetts. V winter time the only possible sport for young students was gymnastics. In order to somehow diversify the pastime of young people, the teacher decided to invent a new game.

First, he asked to attach baskets without a bottom to the balconies. The principle of the game was quite simple - the students were divided into two teams and tried to throw as many balls into the opponent's basket as possible. In December 1891, Naismith presented his "invention" to his students, and the history of basketball began. Further, the creator developed the first 13 rules, which changed and improved with each match.

It is unlikely that the young physical education teacher expected such a stir around the game he had invented. The first competition was held in 1891. The match was attended by 18 students of the school. Interestingly, the first game ended 1: 0, which is by no means impressive today.

But basketball grew in popularity like a snowball. Pupils, going home on vacation, gladly introduced their friends to a new, amazing game. Pretty soon, basketball courts could be seen all over the country. But rumors of a new competition also leaked outside the United States of America, because Naismith's students were residents of Canada and Japan.

The history of basketball as a professional sport

A few years later, he became a real professional sport. Already in 1898, the League was created, which lasted for five years, after which it split into several separate clubs.

It should be noted that there were no stable teams in those years. The laws allowed to change the composition of each of them several times per season. Before each new game, the roster could change completely. By the way, the most successful basketball players were paid from one dollar per minute of the game, which at that time was considered a very good income.

In 1925, the American Basketball League was formed. changed all the time, making the game more dynamic, active and safe. And already in 1936, basketball appeared in the program of the Summer Olympic Games, which were held in Berlin.

Today, there is hardly at least one person who does not know what basketball is. Its history is very interesting for both professional players and amateurs.