The most violent sports. The toughest sports

For many action films, the box office provides action scenes rich in violence and gore. But sometimes they look too fantastic.

Therefore, it is much more interesting to watch how military skirmishes look in reality. Especially if these are the most brutal types of martial arts, whose list was made by M PORT.

1. Irish fist fight

It is also called the gypsy fight. Something like spontaneous drunken brawl in a substandard pub. The rules are so primitive that they are often forgotten altogether. Battles can be fought anywhere. The main thing is that it should be in harmony with the pictures of bloody jaws and the sounds of the blows of huge fists.

2. Fights on sticks

This sport was born back in 1995. On an impromptu platform, limited by a crowd of exalted audience, fighters in metal protective masks come out. Then the real mess begins, and the fight is just beginning with sticks. Further, as the battle develops, legs, fists, foreheads and other parts of the body are used.

3. Bear fights

Actually, this semi-sports show with the participation of an animal and a person arose in Russia back in the 16th century. But due to the scarcity of bears in modern Europe, it was replaced by more "civilized" bullfights. True, bullfighting is already a thing of the past. But the famous run of the bulls in the Spanish Pamplona, ​​perhaps, will tickle the nerves of thrill-seekers for a long time.

4. Combat armwrestling

The emergence of a combination of armwrestling, freestyle wrestling, boxing, kickboxing and just fights without rules was predetermined. To the classic and boring armwrestling, the creatives added a cool "pepper". As a result, we have a gambling and dynamic sport. In which, all the same, the main thing is to "put" the opponent's hand first.

5. Combaton

Two teams converge on the court in hand-to-hand combat for possession of a small stick. With this projectile, they must hit the "gate" - the same stick hanging on the opponent's side. Anyone can pick up the stick available ways- boxing, kickboxing, wrestling. For each defeat of the target and different kinds strikes against the players of the opposing team are awarded the corresponding points.

6. Fighting according to mixed rules (UFC)

They also have an unofficial name - "human cockfighting". Anything is allowed here - you can grab an opponent by the hair, kick in the balls, move your foot in the jaw. You can even come up with new techniques as the battle progresses. The main thing is to force the enemy to surrender.

7. Fights with stun guns

The same kickboxing, but with sensitive nuances. These are small police stun guns attached to the gloves of the fighters. Naturally, such a fight literally becomes even more electrifying - both for the audience and especially for the athletes.

The world of sports can be brutal. Not only in terms of emotions, but also in terms of physical activity and the possibility of a serious injury that will "ruin" an athlete's career forever. These sports include martial arts, races of various types and so on. There are a lot of violent sports. We will take a look at some of not only the most violent, but also the most popular sports.

Football

This sport is the most familiar to us as spectators. The danger of this sport mainly lies in getting serious injuries to the legs or ligaments. There were also deaths on the football field.

According to statistics, each professional footballer receives about two hundred injuries of varying degrees per season.

One example of a serious injury is the fractured leg of London Arsenal football player Carlos Eduardo in an England Championship match. The athlete's recovery took about 9 months.

An equally terrible turning point happened with another player of this team - Aeron Ramsey. A footballer could not play for 10-11 months.

Head injuries, concussions of varying degrees and dissections are common in football.

Rugby

Rugby is a team sport that originated in England in the early 19th century. In the past, the rugby ball was made of leather, now - manufacturers add various synthetic materials. Rugby is very popular in the USA, Australia, New Zealand and France. A rugby bout serves as the basis for the continuation of the game. In this sport, tactics fade into the background, after the fighting spirit, the desire to "destroy" the enemy and fight in every touchdown.

Hockey

This sport is the most successful for our country, especially during the years of the USSR. Hockey is a very agile, high-speed and brutal sport. Real men impose a fight on each other on every ice segment. Despite the protective equipment, there are weak unprotected places in it. Many hockey players do not intentionally insert their teeth, tk. the loss of teeth is a symbol of a hockey player's fighting spirit.
Mass fights between hockey players are not uncommon for hockey players, especially in the NHL.

Also, all hockey lovers know the case of dissection of the cervical artery with a skate. The incident took place in 1989, when the goalkeeper Clint Malarchuk was cut through the throat of the opponent's skate.

Florentine calcio

Italian football is a team sport where you have to score a goal for your opponent by any means possible. This sport came from the distant 16th century, when calcho was played on a frozen river. Now calcio matches are held on a sand field. A ball made of leather and stuffed with goat hair has large size, and is comparable to a basketball.

Florentine Calcio is an absolutely crazy sport. Any fighting techniques... The overall picture resembles a mass brawl. It is difficult to call it a game, but in Italy, this sport is quite popular.

Boxing

This sport is known to almost everyone and is included in the list of the most beautiful sports. It originated in 689 BC, when it became the official sporting event antique Olympic games.

Professional boxers often develop permanent brain damage, which gradually leads to chronic illness and dementia. Direct blows to the head are the main source of these consequences. There are many famous boxers who suffered from Parkinson's disease and other dangerous chronic diseases.

Muay Thai

Muay Thai - traditional look sport of Thailand, which is one of the ancient Asian martial arts. And this is definitely far from female look sports. Swimming or tennis will be closer to girls-athletes. "Muay Thai" includes a list of blows with feet, elbows, fists and other parts of the body "Wrestling of 8 limbs" - this is the name of this type of martial arts. It was only at the end of the 20th century that the sport gained popularity around the world, when Muay Thai fighters won a lot of convincing victories over athletes of other martial arts in face-to-face fights.

Into the modern Thai boxing a lot of changes have been made regarding the rules. And without that cruel look sport, in ancient times was simply murderous. The losing fighter either died or remained disabled for life, because surrendering to Muay Thai was considered a great shame.

Muay Thai requires special respect for the opponent today. Any insults during the fight are not allowed. Violation of this rule may result in a large loss of points on the part of the offender.

“I will be clean, I will perform honestly” is a rule that all modern fighters adhere to.

just for lulz ...


Calcio Storico Fiorentino (Florentine historical calcio) is without doubt the most violent sport on earth. Its name comes from Italian and means "historical football". However, it really is something like football. The teams consist of 27 players, but the match is more like a big fight. Any tricks are allowed here, except for blows and kicks to the head. This means that punches to other parts of the body and chokes are common in every match. Matches in this kind of "sport" are held in Italy, and only for those who are well trained and prepared. This is a really brutal sport.


I suggest looking at this sport in more detail ...

Every year, Florence hosts an unusual tournament in which teams play something that is a mixture of football, rugby, gladiatorial fighting and modern wrestling. In this kind of football in the Florentine style, they have been competing in Italy since the Middle Ages.

The rules are simple - each team has 27 people, the ball can be dribbled with hands and feet, while strikes by the opponent (head, hands, legs) and strangulation are allowed. Strikes to the groin and head are prohibited. The goal is to score and score as fast as possible more balls... The match starts at the signal of the cannon and lasts 50 minutes. The game is not interrupted even if one of the opponents is injured. Substitutions are not permitted.

Here's what blogger godfrua writes about it:


This sport completely turns the common man's idea of ​​Italians as calm, balanced people. No other game evokes such a release of totosterone in the participants, and the audience has so many emotions. I think the only reason this sport has not yet become widespread is its high injury rate.

In Italian, the word "calcio" means kick, blow. Florentine calchio - essentially an early form modern football and rugby. This harsh game, according to historians, appeared in the Middle Ages, presumably at the end of the 13th century.


In the 15th century, games of calchio were played so often that some matches were even organized in winter, regardless of the weather. For example, the case of a match on the ice of the Arno River in 1490 is known.

The frostbitten Florentines could not resist the temptation to play their favorite game even during the war. There is a known case when a match in calchio took place in besieged Florence on February 17, 1530, despite the presence of an army under the walls sent by Emperor Charles V to capture the city. Surely the soldiers of the emperor regretted that they did not have an extra ticket for the match.

Although kings and emperors themselves were not averse to taking part in the game. For example, in 1574, King Henry III of France took part in a calcio match arranged in his honor while visiting Venice.


It is not known whose team won the match that day, but the phrase that the king uttered immediately after the match is known: "This is too little for a war, but too cruel for a game."


In the 16th century in Italy, this sport receives a permanent residence in Florence and flourishes here in all its glory.


Matches are held twice a year in Piazza Santa Croce. Here, this sport becomes known as the Florentine Calcio or simply Calcio, essentially carving out the niche of the predecessor of modern football in Italy.

The calchio-triangulum ball was made of leather stuffed with goat hair. The game itself was played on an area covered with sand approximately 50 by 100 meters in size. Although in such a sport as calchio, the size of the field is not particularly stipulated, the main criterion was its multiplicity.

Chronicles say that initially Calchio was played mainly by nobles. This type of game was called triangulum or harpastum. These two names come from the times of the Roman Empire. As a rule, triangulum games were held in the evenings, between Epiphany and Great Lent.

However, soon it dawned on the nobles that from frequent games the players quickly ended and they began to actively involve their servants and peasants of strong constitution to participate in the matches. In fact, these were the first attempts to form professional football teams.

The treatises say that the length of the field should be twice the width. The center of the field was indicated by a white circle - the place of the throw-in. With a white chalk line, the field was divided into two identical squares, on each side a grid was installed over the entire width.

After some time, the first specialized sports literature on the Florentine Calcio began to appear. So, in the middle of the XIV century, the Italian Antonio Skyano published "Treatise on the game of ball". In his work, he developed rules for resolving controversial issues in this sport.

However, the first official rules and tactics of the game were published later, in 1580 by Giovanni de 'Bardi, Count of Florence.

In his treatise, in addition to setting out the rules, the author also recommends readers to do more physical exercise to play calchio better. In his opinion, it is better to go swimming in summer, horse riding in autumn, and wrestling in winter. The calchio competitions themselves, according to de Bardi, are best held in spring and autumn.


Another textbook on the 17th century Calcio can be viewed


Even the ministers of the Catholic Church could not resist the pleasure of playing ball and fighting with their fists. It is known for certain that good players in Calchio, at one time the Pope Clement VII, Urban VIII, and also Pope Leo XI were considered.

However, somewhere from the beginning of the 17th century, interest in Calcio in Italy began to gradually fade, until in 1930 he was revived again at the suggestion of the authorities of the city of Florence. Since then, every year, within the framework of the city championship, three calcio matches have been held in Piazza Santa Croce in Florence in the 3rd week of June.

Piazza Santa Croce has always been the home of the Calcio game. Her images are found in all historical treatises on the game. Nowadays, the square is prepared in advance for the game, covering the hard surface with a cushion of sand to give the square the historical look it originally had. Stands for spectators are also installed in order to recreate the authentic look of the arenas.

The matches themselves are always furnished on a medieval scale, and their brutality invariably attracts tourists and thrill-seekers to the city. Thus, the “footballers” do not experience a shortage of fans and fans.

Paying tribute to the medieval tradition, all players fight in historical costumes. Four teams from historic districts of the city play against each other, first in two semi-finals, and then in the final match for the winner. The team from each district (quartiere) has its own name:


Santa Croce, blue; Santa Maria Novella (Santa Maria Novella), red; Santo Spirito, white; San Giovanni, Greens.

Initially, which district fights with which, the lot decides. After playing each other in two open matches, the winning teams advance to the final.


The guys from the four districts have been preparing for these games for a whole year. And at the matches themselves they try as best they can, defending the colors of their quartiere. No one is afraid of a fierce scuffle during the game, because the prestige of the region depends on them. And then the winners will be praised for a whole year in all institutions of Florence, savoring the nuances and twists and turns of matches.

The final match is always played on June 24, on the feast of the patron saint of the city of Florence, Saint John the Baptist. This important day begins with a magnificent parade in historical costumes in Piazza Santa Maria Novella, which moves through the city center on its way to Piazza Santa Croce.

Needless to say, representatives of all four districts of the city are participating in this grand parade. The procession starts about an hour before final match and ends in the square before its start, at about 17 o'clock.

In the modern version of the calchio, tactics such as head strikes, fists, elbows, and choking are permitted. However, direct punches and kicks to the head are prohibited. Also, several players are prohibited from simultaneously attacking one opponent. Any violation of these rules will result in the removal of the culprit from the game.

A whole calf is baked as a prize for the winning team, and the end of the championship ends with a grand evening fireworks display over the Arno River. But the most important prize for the winners is the love and appreciation of their area and the fame and popularity among fans and tourists. Needless to say, any real male resident of Florence, no, no, and dreams of being among those very frostbitten 27 members of the team of their area.

I would like to devote a little more time to the basic rules of the Calchio game. So there they are. The match lasts 50 minutes. Each team has 27 players. There are no substitutions of players, so knocked out opponents give the opposing team an advantage.

The responsibilities of the players in the team are divided as follows: four goalkeepers - datori indietro, three defenders - datori innanzi, five midfielders - sconciatori, fifteen forwards - innanzi corridori.


The captain and standard-bearer - alfiere, are located under the awning in the center of the goal net. They do not directly actively participate in the game, but can take part in refereeing.


The match is judged by the head referee - giudice arbitro, six touch judges - segnalinee and the host of the field - giudice commissario, who remains out of the field.


The supreme judge is Maestro di Campo. He makes sure that the game runs smoothly and is involved in restoring order and maintaining discipline in the event of a fight on the field.

However, the whole match in calchio is one continuous fight, therefore it is not known for certain when the "fight" mode is switched on for the maestro.


At the start of the match, pallaio throws the ball towards the center line, then a medieval bombard is fired and the match begins.

From this moment, by any means, the players try to put the ball into the opponent's goal. Players are allowed to use both legs and arms for control and throwing the ball into the net at the end of the floor


The teams switch sides after each goal scored. The team with the highest number wins goals scored or cacce.


Add to all this the fact that instead of the standard football uniform, the players in the Florentine calcio wear multi-colored medieval costumes, including, among other things, striped trousers. And as a prize for the victory, the winning team does not receive a cup, but a young calf, which it immediately roasts and eats, sharing the trophy with the fans






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0 What is the most courageous, tough and dangerous sport for boys? Karate? Boxing? Hockey? Maybe rock climbing? Not guessing. Figure skating.

This very extreme activity combines dance, acrobatics and gymnastics. But mistakenly, you do not fall on a soft mat, but fly at a speed of 40 km per hour into hard ice. The hockey player is all in armor like a small tank. The skater cannot even put on the rudimentary protection worn by skateboarders. Few people know that during the jump, the skater gets overload like an astronaut in a centrifuge. The rotation speed with a triple sheepskin coat is the same as that of a car wheel at 50 km per hour. And the drum of the washing machine during the spin cycle. You can lose consciousness inadvertently. And although in the view of the viewer figure skating associated with the images of girls, this sport is tough and cruel, not at all feminine. Especially boys ...

In football, if you hurt yourself, you can lie on the grass. Or even wait for the doctor. In figure skating, you have to get up at any cost - the music goes on and you have to skate the program. Otherwise, you will fly out of the competition. So you have to endure the pain and act as if nothing happened.

Fall

To understand what figure skating is, let's get acquainted with one of the skating boys. Our hero is now 12 years old, he has the first adult category, which is quite satisfactory. However, at twelve, many boys become candidates for the master.

Our boy went out on the ice when he was five. It is believed that a skater should start at age four. Later is usually useless. Yes, and he got into figure skating by accident - on the recommendation of doctors, to improve his failing health.

When he was eight, it was very difficult and very painful to master the first serious jumps. It was then, after another training session, through tears, he exclaimed, “Mom, why didn't you find an easier sport? Would give me some hockey! "

In general, for practicing jumping, there are special protective shorts with a thick layer of foam rubber. In such pants, the child looks more like a Cheburashka. Or Winnie the Pooh. And girls in shorts learn jumping. But boys believe to use protection below their manhood. Jumping for boys is much more difficult, though. Because the boys often come home all bruised, when they neither sit down nor lie down ...

Trainings take place twice a day. I had to drop out of school last year. In fact, skaters rarely go to school, they get by with an external student. But our hero selflessly tried to keep up. While there were forces.

At the age of nine, they began to prepare the first serious program. If you've watched figure skating, you know - there is short program, there is an arbitrary one. Our hero's program did not work from the very beginning. Difficulties with music, difficulties with plastic. Then the idea came up - you need not just a set of jumps and figures, as is usually the case. We need a real dance number, a kind of theater on ice. It helped, the unique program "Chaplin" was born, which is not a shame to show in an adult ballet.

Then I had to change the coach. It was just that there were only girls in the group. And it was required that there were boys. Girls can whine, be capricious, roll empty circles. Boys don't allow themselves that. They are drawn after each other, a kind of struggle is going on - who can be better and cooler.

New coach- in any case, a new program. Now the task is to learn one of the complex cascades of triple lutz and triple toe loop. And then it will be the turn of the trixel - axel in three turns. Axel is scary because the skater actually does half a turn more. Girls do not learn trixel at all, but for boys such an element is required. Well, of course, again - booty on the ice. Twenty times a day.

The biggest problem is that there is no time left at all. Nothing else. Even in the summer vacation - and that is only three weeks. The rest is sports camps... And so sometimes you want to be like everyone else. Hang out, play. If you go to the page of any figure skater, you will find everything there, except figure skating... They don't seem to be proud of their accomplishments at all. They don't want any glory. Or they even hide their belonging to the big sport. Maybe the stereotypes are also at work here: is figure skating a female occupation? And the real kid is a little ashamed to be a skater? Or is it just a desire to be an ordinary boy at least in the network?

They are children who have paid an extremely high price for their skills. Those who received it in exchange for childhood. But do not feel sorry for them - someone who has tried such a life will not want another.

TO children's sports we are treated with some disdain. Who is interested in children's boxing? Who will go to watch football championship juniors? You won't see a high-class game here, it's not spectacular. High class in sports is the main thing. Let them first grow up, reach the heights of mastery. Only then does the competition become interesting to the general public. And watch how he swarms in the field Kindergarten- thank you.

All this is true, if we are not talking about figure skating. By the age of 12-13, kid skaters are capable of performing no worse than adults. And often it's even better. Because they can do feints on the ice that no adult is capable of. And they do not allow children into big sports for completely different reasons - such loads are dangerous for their fragile joints and spines. Big sport knows no pity. If you save the child, you will lose the competition. Therefore, we take care.

But what a pity to see empty stands at the performances of little masters. It turns out that nobody needs them. All the amazing beauty of their art is fleeting and will disappear, unclaimed by anyone but their parents. Moreover, growing up, the majority will leave skating, only a few become champions ...

If girls in figure skating are still little women, then it is wrong to say about boys that they are only future men. Boys skating is as much a separate art form as singing. There is a special trend in art - boy's choral performance. There are world-famous choirs and soloists. Tours of such choirs are scheduled for a year in advance, the halls are sold out, composers write music especially for boys' voices. What prevents a boy's skating from taking a worthy place in the gallery of classical art?

Maybe this:

“I would like ISU to break this“ technical ”beauty! Where is grace, both female and male? Honestly, I'm tired of the wooden jumping guys, chaotically waving their hands pretending to choreography ... And the girls ??? A sort of mechanical wind-up chrysalis, similar to clones. Watch a selection of jumps, spins, etc. etc. the top three have a blueprint! Who will jump over whom and show big stretch... New rules for 2015-2018 are often discussed on the Sheepskin coat, nowhere is it displayed, in my opinion, the requirements for the same jumps, gracefulness of performance, cleanliness of lines, of course it may sound utopian, but we often forget that our sport was previously called the Art of Skating on skates. I would like for more ART, then there will be more memorable programs. So many young talented choreographers! But it makes no sense to put on interesting programs, anyway they will be cut for jumping. I do not pretend to be right - I argue like a parent, so to speak, a voice from the crowd! "(taken from the forum for parents at tulup.ru)

All of this is true when it comes to adults. But children are just much better at coping with the program when they are in character, when their program is also a dance, and not just a set of jumps.

I remember that in 1975 and 76, our viewer was fascinated and shocked by the Canadian figure skater Toller Cranston, who delighted not so much with his technique as with his amazing artistry. His free program"Pagliacci" are still almost the standard sport dance on ice. When I was collecting materials for this article, I was amazed - skater boys 12-14 years old perform no less amazing dance numbers than a Canadian. Precisely boys, not adults. In some ways figure skating is easier for boys, since 30 kg is easier to throw in the air than 60. And the boys use their advantage to the fullest not only in technique, but also in the artistry of performance, for which adults sometimes do not have time and energy.

Ilya Skirda, demonstration performances


This is a performance at the Russian stage of the Grand Prix, and it's very cool, since Ilya is only 13 years old. He is not yet eligible to participate in adult competitions, this is an indicative program. But what he gave out on the ice - a triple lutz plus a triple sheepskin coat - not every adult will decide on such a complex cascade in demonstration performances ...

Evgeny Semenenko, "Jackson"


My wife is only 12 years old, but what an amazing composition. How much expression, teenage rebellion in every movement! That this is just a boy, you understand only after the performance, when you see him next to the adults.


Young champion Zhenya, who defeated older rivals

If you watch a recording of the performance of some of our champions, for example Plushenko or Yagudin, you will immediately notice that they danced a little, then the image ended, jumped, then again entered the image, moved, then jumped again ...

The boys do not have such breaks, their performance is a single whole, a real performance, which the jumps almost do not interfere with.

Georgy Kunitsa, free program

All these boys are part of the Russian national team, however, except for specialists, hardly anyone has heard of them. I think the way society does not notice young skaters is just a feature of our culture. Despite the constant cry about "children are the flowers of life" on an emotional level, they are needed only by their parents.

And now it is necessary to say a few words about the parents of young skaters. If you are going to send your child to figure skating, then you should know that this will become a real job for you. And not the second, but the first. Probably not a single occupation of a child requires such inclusion of parents in his life. Of course, this is a thrill - to share with your child all the sorrows and joys, victories and disappointments, to live one life with him and literally breathe the same air. Constantly admire his performances. Help in everything - from finding music and sewing costumes to overcoming complexes. Parents get addicted to this buzz like a good drug. The departure of a child from figure skating is a tragedy, a real breakdown. And now, by inertia, these unfortunate people continue to hang out on the forum, give advice to novice mothers and sigh heavily - after all, all this is no longer for them ...

But back to our hero. This year is a decisive one for him. Gotta roll new program... Pass the norm of the candidate master. It will soon become clear whether our boy will become a champion, or whether he will have to tie up with skating. Of course, there is ballet on ice, there are dance ensembles where the skater will be taken with open arms. But it’s all not that, not that ... Let's wish him good luck with all our hearts!

Now meet the hero, Andrei Mirin, 12 years old

Calcio Storico Fiorentino (Florentine historical calcio) is without doubt the most violent sport on earth. Its name comes from Italian and means "historical football". However, it really is something like football. The teams consist of 27 players, but the match is more like a big fight. Any tricks are allowed here, except for blows and kicks to the head. This means that punches to other parts of the body and chokes are common in every match. Matches in this kind of "sport" are held in Italy, and only for those who are well trained and prepared. This is a really brutal sport.

I suggest looking at this sport in more detail ... -

Photo 2.

Every year, Florence hosts an unusual tournament in which teams play something that is a mixture of football, rugby, gladiatorial fighting and modern wrestling. In this kind of football in the Florentine style, they have been competing in Italy since the Middle Ages.

Photo 3.

The rules are simple - each team has 27 people, the ball can be dribbled with hands and feet, while strikes of the opponent (head, hands, legs) and strangulation are allowed. Strikes to the groin and head are prohibited. The goal is to score and throw as many goals as possible. The match starts at the signal of the cannon and lasts 50 minutes. The game is not interrupted even if one of the opponents is injured. Substitutions are not permitted.

Photo 4.

Here's what a blogger writes about it:

This sport completely turns the common man's idea of ​​Italians as calm, balanced people. No other game evokes such a release of totosterone in the participants, and the audience has so many emotions. I think the only reason this sport has not yet become widespread is its high injury rate.

Photo 5.

In Italian, the word "-calcio" means kick, blow. The Florentine Calchio is essentially an early form of modern football and rugby. This harsh game, according to historians, appeared in the Middle Ages, presumably at the end of the 13th century.

In the 15th century, games of calchio were played so often that some matches were even organized in winter, regardless of the weather. For example, the case of a match on the ice of the Arno River in 1490 is known.

Photo 6.

The frostbitten Florentines could not resist the temptation to play their favorite game even during the war. There is a known case when a match in calchio took place in besieged Florence on February 17, 1530, despite the presence of an army under the walls sent by Emperor Charles V to capture the city. Surely the soldiers of the emperor regretted that they did not have an extra ticket for the match.

Photo 7.

Although kings and emperors themselves were not averse to taking part in the game. For example, in 1574, King Henry III of France took part in a calcio match arranged in his honor while visiting Venice.

It is not known whose team won the match that day, but the phrase that the king uttered immediately after the match is known: "-This is too little for a war, but too cruel for a game."

In the 16th century in Italy, this sport receives a permanent residence in Florence and flourishes here in all its glory.

Photo 8.

Matches are held twice a year in Piazza Santa Croce. Here, this sport becomes known as the Florentine Calcio or simply Calcio, essentially carving out the niche of the predecessor of modern football in Italy.

Photo 9.

The calchio-triangulum ball was made of leather stuffed with goat hair. The game itself was played on an area covered with sand approximately 50 by 100 meters in size. Although in such a sport as calchio, the size of the field is not particularly stipulated, the main criterion was its multiplicity.

Chronicles say that initially Calchio was played mainly by nobles. This type of game was called triangulum or harpastum. These two names come from the times of the Roman Empire. As a rule, triangulum games were held in the evenings, between Epiphany and Great Lent.

Photo 10.

However, soon it dawned on the nobles that from frequent games the players quickly ended and they began to actively involve their servants and peasants of strong constitution to participate in the matches. In fact, these were the first attempts to form professional football teams.

Photo 11.

The treatises say that the length of the field should be twice the width. The center of the field was indicated by a white circle - the place of the throw-in. With a white chalk line, the field was divided into two identical squares, on each side a grid was installed over the entire width.

Photo 12.

After some time, the first specialized sports literature on the Florentine Calcio began to appear. So, in the middle of the XIV century, the Italian Antonio Skyano published "Treatise on the game of ball". In his work, he developed rules for resolving controversial issues in this sport.

Photo 13.

However, the first official rules and tactics of the game were

Photo 14.

In his treatise, in addition to setting out the rules, the author also recommends that readers engage in more physical exercise in order to better play calchio. In his opinion, it is better to go swimming in summer, horse riding in autumn, and wrestling in winter. The calchio competitions themselves, according to de Bardi, are best held in spring and autumn.

Another textbook on the 17th century Calcio can be viewed

Photo 15.

Even the ministers of the Catholic Church could not resist the pleasure of playing ball and fighting with their fists. It is known for certain that Pope Clement VII, Urban VIII, and also Pope Leo XI were considered good players in Calchio.

Photo 16.

However, somewhere from the beginning of the 17th century, interest in Calcio in Italy began to gradually fade, until in 1930 he was revived again at the suggestion of the authorities of the city of Florence. Since then, every year, within the framework of the city championship, three calcio matches have been held in Piazza Santa Croce in Florence in the 3rd week of June.

Photo 17.

Piazza Santa Croce has always been the home of the Calcio game. Her images are found in all historical treatises on the game. Nowadays, the square is prepared in advance for the game, covering the hard surface with a cushion of sand to give the square the historical look it originally had. Stands for spectators are also installed in order to recreate the authentic look of the arenas.

Photo 18.

The matches themselves are always furnished on a medieval scale, and their brutality invariably attracts tourists and thrill-seekers to the city. Thus, there is no shortage of fans and fans for the "-football players".

Photo 19.

Paying tribute to the medieval tradition, all players fight in historical costumes. Four teams from historic districts of the city play against each other, first in two semi-finals, and then in the final match for the winner. The team from each district (quartiere) has its own name:

Santa Croce, blue - Santa Maria Novella, red - Santo Spirito, white - San Giovanni, Green.
Initially, which district fights with which, the lot decides. After playing each other in two open matches, the winning teams advance to the final.

The guys from the four districts have been preparing for these games for a whole year. And at the matches themselves they try as best they can, defending the colors of their quartiere. No one is afraid of a fierce scuffle during the game, because the prestige of the region depends on them. And then the winners will be praised for a whole year in all institutions of Florence, savoring the nuances and twists and turns of matches.

Photo 20.

The final match is always played on June 24, on the feast of the patron saint of the city of Florence, Saint John the Baptist. This important day begins with a magnificent parade in historical costumes in Piazza Santa Maria Novella, which moves through the city center on its way to Piazza Santa Croce.

Photo 21.

Needless to say, representatives of all four districts of the city are participating in this grand parade. The procession starts about an hour before the final match and ends in the square before it starts, at about 5 pm.

Photo 22.

In the modern version of the calchio, tactics such as head strikes, fists, elbows, and choking are permitted. However, direct punches and kicks to the head are prohibited. Also, several players are prohibited from simultaneously attacking one opponent. Any violation of these rules will result in the removal of the culprit from the game.

Photo 23.

A whole calf is baked as a prize for the winning team, and the end of the championship ends with a grand evening fireworks display over the Arno River. But the most important prize for the winners is the love and appreciation of their area and the fame and popularity among fans and tourists. Needless to say, any real male resident of Florence, no, no, and dreams of being among those very frostbitten 27 members of the team of their area.

Photo 24.

I would like to devote a little more time to the basic rules of the Calchio game. So there they are. The match lasts 50 minutes. Each team has 27 players. There are no substitutions of players, so knocked out opponents give the opposing team an advantage.

Photo 25.

The responsibilities of the players in the team are divided as follows: four goalkeepers - datori indietro, three defenders - datori innanzi, five midfielders - sconciatori, fifteen forwards - innanzi corridori.

The captain and standard-bearer - alfiere, are located under the awning in the center of the goal net. They do not directly actively participate in the game, but can take part in refereeing.

Photo 26.

The match is judged by the head referee - giudice arbitro, six touch judges - segnalinee and the host of the field - giudice commissario, who remains out of the field.

The supreme judge is Maestro di Campo. He makes sure that the game runs smoothly and is involved in restoring order and maintaining discipline in the event of a fight on the field.

Photo 27.

However, the whole match in calchio is one continuous fight, therefore it is not known for certain when the "fight" mode is switched on for the maestro.

At the start of the match, pallaio throws the ball towards the center line, then a medieval bombard is fired and the match begins.

Photo 28.

From this moment, by any means, the players try to put the ball into the opponent's goal. Players are allowed to use both legs and arms for control and throwing the ball into the net at the end of the floor

The teams switch sides after each goal scored. The team with the most goals or cacce wins.

Photo 29.

Add to all this the fact that instead of the standard football uniform, the players in the Florentine calcio wear multi-colored medieval costumes, including, among other things, striped trousers. And as a prize for the victory, the winning team does not receive a cup, but a young calf, which it immediately roasts and eats, sharing the trophy with the fans

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sources

http://godfrua.livejournal.com/56225.html

http://terraoko.com/?p=92161

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/sports/the-most-dangerous-game.html?_r=0

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1 % 81% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B9_% D0% BA% D0% B0% D0% BB% D1% 8C% D1% 87% D0% BE

http://www.kulturologia.ru/blogs/141212/17525/

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