Lesson plan
1. Hand massage:
- stroking, 5-6 movements on each hand;
- ring rubbing, 2-3 times;
- stroking, 2-3 movements.
2. Crossing arms on the chest, 6-8 times.
3. Foot massage:
- stroking, 2-3 movements on each leg;
- ring rubbing, 5-6 times;
- stroking, 2-3 movements on each leg.
4. Sliding steps (with vibration), 5-6 times with each leg.
5. Turn to the stomach, 2-3 times in each direction.
6. Back massage:
- stroking, 2-3 times;
- rubbing with fingertips, 2-3 times the entire surface of the back;
- stroking, 2-3 times.
7. Bending of the spine in the supine position (reflex exercise), 2-3 times on each side.
8. Position of the "swimmer", 1 time.
9. Belly massage:
- stroking circularly, 2-3 times;
- counter stroking, 2-3 times;
- stroking the oblique muscles of the abdomen, 2-3 times;
- rubbing with fingertips, 2-3 times the entire surface of the abdomen;
- stroking (all techniques 2-3 times).
10. Raising the head and body from the supine position 2-4 times.
11. Foot massage:
- stroking, 2-3 times each foot;
- rubbing, 5-6 times each foot;
- beating, 8-10 strokes on each foot;
- stroking, 2-3 times.
12. Flexion and extension of the feet, 5-6 times each movement.
13. "Walking" - reflex exercise.
14. Breast massage:
- stroking, 2-3 times;
- vibration massage, 3-4 times;
- stroking, 2-3 times.
15. "Boxing" - exercise for hands, 5-6 times.
16. Exercise on the ball.
1. Hand massage
Perform 5-6 strokes along the entire length of the child's arm (see 1 set No. 1) from the wrist to the shoulder.
The next technique is ring rubbing. Hold the child's hands (left hand - right, right - left), placing your thumb in it. Place the ring around the baby's wrist with the thumb and forefinger of your free hand. Do vigorous ring rubbing with emphasis on the outer surface of the hand (fig. 25). Thus, in 3-4 turns, move to the elbow, then in 5-6 turns - to the shoulder. Repeat this technique 2-3 times. It is desirable that the baby's skin turns pink. Finish the hand massage with 2-3 strokes.
2. Crossing the arms on the chest
I. p.: The child lies on his back. Invest thumbs their hands in the palm of a child, the rest -
lightly hold his brush. Spread the baby's arms to the sides, you can do this with light shaking, then lead them towards each other until they cross on the chest and back (Fig. 26, 27).
When crossing from above, the right one should lie down, then left hand alternately. The pace of movement is slow, avoid sudden jolts. Repeat crossing 6-8 times.
3. Foot massage
Start with 2-3 strokes along the entire length of the leg (see 1 set # 2) in the direction from the foot to the thigh.
Ring rubbing is performed as follows. With the thumb and forefinger of both hands, grab the rings (close one above the other) to the lower leg of the child. Do vigorous diverging ring rubbing and in 3-4 turns move up to the knee along the posterior-outer surface of the lower leg (Fig. 28). It's important not to hit the hamstring or rub your Achilles tendon. It is more convenient to rub the antero-outer surface of the thigh with fingertips.
Repeat 5-6 times. Finish the foot massage with 2-3 strokes.
4 Sliding steps with vibration
I. p.: The child lies on his back. Grasp the baby's shins so that the thumbs are on the front of the shin and the rest on the back. Then, with a light shaking, straighten the child's leg and, sliding the foot on the table surface, bend it (Fig. 29). Repeat the movement with the other leg. And so 5-6 times with each leg. This exercise, reminiscent of cycling, strengthens the leg muscles well and fosters support response. If passive extension of the legs is difficult (due to the increased tone of the flexor muscles), do not rush, postpone this exercise until an older age. While you can just "stomp"
feet on the table surface (fig. 30). Sliding steps are taken slowly and very carefully, without jerking.
5. Turn to the stomach (through the right side - to the left)
I. p.: The child lies on his back. Place the index finger of your left hand in the child's left palm,
grasp the brush with the rest of your fingers. With your right hand, hold both legs in the lower leg area with a "fork" and, slightly straightening them, turn the child's pelvis to the left. Immediately after this, the baby independently turns his head and upper part torso in the same direction. For
keep the baby in a position on his side, let him work out the muscles of the neck, holding his head (Fig. 31).
Then bring the baby's left handle forward a little - and the baby is already lying on its stomach. Adjust your arms under his chest, spreading your wrists. Exercise uses an innate vestibular reflex
location of body parts. When performing this complex movement, the muscles of the child's entire torso work. The sequence of individual moments is the same as when a healthy older child rotates independently. Sometimes a 3-month-old baby, during his erratic movements, accidentally throws one leg over the other, and the pelvis turns on its side (1 moment). This entails movement of the head and upper body in the same direction (II moment). The most difficult thing remains: to pull the handle out from under you, and the child is on his stomach (III moment).
It is especially important to educate the correct mechanism of turns, described above, in weakened, premature children. These children often turn in the following way: while lying on their backs, rest against the back of their heads and buttocks, bending the spine upward, which entails outweighing the body on the stomach. As a result similar exercises the deflection of the spine in the lumbar region increases, and this is undesirable. The turn is performed 2-3 times in each direction. This exercise is very useful and children will enjoy doing it, so repeat the twists several times throughout the day.
When turning over the left side, change hands accordingly (fig. 32).
6. Back and buttocks massage
Start by stroking your entire back, including your buttocks. The child is already lying firmly on his stomach, so stroking is performed with both hands 2-3 times (Fig. 33). Rubbing is best done with the pads of slightly bent fingers (Fig. 34).
With rectilinear rubbing, while the fingers of the right hand move the skin up, the fingers of the left hand - down, then vice versa, moving along the entire back. With a circular (spiral) rubbing fingers right hand shift the skin clockwise, the fingers of the left hand - against. Rubbing possible back side bent fingers (Fig. 35).
It is important that your arms move alternately, otherwise the baby's skin will stretch. It is better to rub the buttocks one at a time. Any massage should be finished with stroking.
7. Flexion of the spine in the lateral position (see I complex No. 5)
Run the pads of your straightened fingers vigorously along the baby's spine. Repeat this technique 2-3 times on each side.
8. Position of the "swimmer"
I. p.: The child lies on his stomach. With the index and thumb of your right hand, grasp the bottom right leg the child in the lower part of the lower leg, with the rest of the fingers grab the left leg at the same level. Then, raising the child's legs, bring your free palm under the belly, creating support for him (Fig. 36), and lift the baby above the table. In this case, the child lies horizontally in the palm of your hand, like on a playground. His head and upper body are raised, the spine is extended, all the muscles of the posterior surface of the body work (Fig. 37). The exercise is done 1 time and lasts a few seconds.
9. Belly massage
Start by stroking in three directions (circular, counter, and oblique abdominal muscles - see complex I # 6). Repeat each movement 2-3 times.
Rubbing is performed with the pads of slightly bent fingers. First, the reception is carried out with the right hand but in diverging circles, starting from the navel (Fig. 38), then - with both hands along the rectus abdominis muscles (Fig. 39).
Be sure to rub in a clockwise circular motion and avoid applying pressure to the liver area.
At the end of the massage, repeat stroking.
10. Raising the head and trunk from the supine position
I. p.: The child lies on his back. Let the child wrap your thumbs around your hands, and hold the rest of your hands. Then straighten the baby's arms.
With affectionate words and light tugging on the handles, encourage the child to raise his head and upper body, without bringing it to sitting position(fig. 40). Then slowly and carefully place the baby, preferably on its side, so as not to hit the back of the head. This exercise is active, very useful for strengthening the muscles of the front of the neck and abdominal... Repeat lifting 2-4 times, laying on the right and left sides.
11. Foot massage
Pat, then rub vigorously on the baby's soles. Hand position (see I complex No. 8). Rubbing is also done with a pad thumb in a circular motion or in the form of "eight". Then rub the outer and inner edges of the foot from the heel to the toes.
A new technique - tapping the feet - is performed as follows: with the back of the straightened fingers (index and middle) of the right hand, we apply light rhythmic blows to the child's foot (Fig. 41).
Repeat this movement 8-10 times from heel to toes and back.
12. Flexion and extension of the feet
Pressure in the area of the base of the toes on the sole causes reflex flexion of the foot, vigorous rubbing along the outer edge of the foot - extension (see complex I, No. 9).
13. "Walking"
The congenital walking reflex persists in children up to 4 months of age. Supporting the child under the armpits, lead him towards you or away from you, slightly shifting body weight from one leg to the other (Fig. 42). Follow correct position stop (see I complex, No. 12).
14. Breast massage
Perform stroking 2-3 times (see I complex No. 11). Make vibration massage a little more complicated: light, rhythmic pressure with your fingers on the chest of the child, while moving your hands from the middle to the lateral surfaces of the chest. Try not to press hard on your ribs. Repeat this technique 3-4 times. Finish the massage with stroking.
15. Exercise for hands "boxing"
I. p.: The child lies on his back. Place your thumbs in the baby's palms, with the rest lightly holding the baby's hands. Bend and unbend the baby's arms alternately, that is, when bending one arm, unbend the other, and vice versa (Fig. 43).
When extending, move the handle forward and towards the center, slightly lifting the shoulder. Thus, imitating the movements of a boxer, slightly turn the child from side to side (Fig. 44).
During this exercise, all the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle... Repeat 5-6 times with each hand at a slow pace, avoiding sudden jerks.
16. Exercise on the ball
Place the baby on the ball with his belly on, with his legs spread wide to the sides. Rock the baby, when moving back and forth, make sure that he rests with his feet or open palms on the table surface, and encourage him to push off on his own (Fig. 45).
For a better opening of the hands, clap the child's palms on the ball. Then place the child on the ball with his back and, supporting him in the chest area, swing him in different directions (fig. 46).
The inflatable ball is one of many useful and favorite toys for infants. Put it in the crib at the feet of the child, let the baby kick it, training the support of the feet.
All newborn babies come into this world with bent arms and legs and tightly clenched fists. The movements of the infant's limbs are irregular. This phenomenon is completely normal and is called "physiological tone". The task of parents is to eliminate this tone and help their baby to comprehend the science of conscious movements. Massage will help you with this.
Massage types
Depending on the goal pursued, massage is divided into the following types:
- medical;
- prophylactic;
- therapeutic and prophylactic.
Massage therapy should be performed by a specialist. It can be prescribed for the following diseases identified in the baby:
- hypertonicity or hypotension;
- dysplasia of the hip joint;
- congenital joint dislocation;
- acquired or congenital clubfoot;
- umbilical hernia;
- diseases of the central nervous system;
- flat feet;
- deformity of the legs (X- or O-shaped).
For each disease, its own special massage techniques are used, which, as a rule, differ from each other.
Preventive massage recommended for all newborns if there are no contraindications. Sessions of such a massage can improve blood circulation and appetite, normalize metabolism, and normalize breathing. In children with increased excitability, behavior is stabilized and sleep is normalized. It turns out that massage can reduce the content of the hormone cortisol in the body. Cortisol is a stress hormone, when its content is high, the body's immune defenses are destroyed. Consequently, under the influence of massage, the child's immunity also improves.
Since preventive massage is carried out in most cases by the parents themselves, its sessions are an additional way of contact between the baby and mom or dad. Undoubtedly, this will improve the psychological state of the baby.
Therapeutic and prophylactic massage , as well as therapeutic, is prescribed by a doctor and is carried out by specialists. It involves massaging the entire body, giving special attention problem areas... This type of massage is able to normalize blood circulation, improve work of cardio-vascular system, correct the defective state of bones and muscles, eliminate intestinal colic. It is also recommended for diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary and digestive systems. Therapeutic and prophylactic massage has a beneficial effect on the baby's motor abilities. The child will quickly learn to roll over, sit down and crawl.
Benefits / pros of massage
There are many receptors on our skin that, when irritated, send signals to the brain. This is how the work and development of all nervous system of a person, and massage occupies a leading position here. After all, it is during a massage session that most of the nerve receptors are irritated.
When massaging the body, blood circulation improves, and this has a positive effect on the condition of any internal organ... That is why preventive massage sessions are recommended for all babies in their first year of life.
For babies, massage replaces gymnastics. In addition, hearing and visual abilities are not yet sufficiently developed in newborns, the whole world is felt through touch. Therefore, it is massage that develops the emotional state of the baby and the ability to perceive the world around.
Pediatricians consider massage to be a reliable tool for the prevention of various diseases, since the well-coordinated work of all organs depends on it.
We have already mentioned the beneficial effect of massage procedures on the immune system of the newborn. So, as a result of this influence, the child will less often "catch" various infections and colds.
Massage sessions are good for the digestive system, relieving intestinal colic and constipation in children. They also have a beneficial effect on the musculoskeletal system, helping to form correct posture and, if necessary, restore physical shape.
When do you need a massage
Massage for newborns is usually prescribed for the following diseases:
- hypotrophy;
- valgus and flat hallux valgus stop;
- tremors of various parts of the body;
- lesions of the central nervous system;
- umbilical hernia;
- dysplasia hip joints;
- clubfoot, flat feet, deformity of the legs;
- scoliosis;
- deformation chest.
A massage course can also be prescribed as part of therapy bronchial asthma, pneumonia, fractures of the extremities, etc. It is also shown with increased tone of the extremities and constipation.
However, if the baby did not have any special indications for massage, they can and should be practiced on their own at home. Naturally observing the necessary conditions, and, after consulting a pediatrician.
Contraindications
- Any type of massage will not be of any benefit if your baby has a high body temperature. It is contraindicated for various injuries or diseases of the skin (especially of a pustular nature), increased fragility of bones, diseases of the circulatory system, ARVI.
- It is advisable to give up massage procedures in the midst of the acute stage of any disease.
- In the presence of an umbilical hernia, massage should be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor, since in this case it is necessary to exclude the possibility of pinching the hernia.
- In children with a heart defect, massage sessions should be monitored by a pediatric cardiologist.
- It is not recommended to carry out massage and with increased nervousness of the baby, since this condition causes increased tone muscles.
In any case, the massage course should be prescribed by a doctor, "amateur performance" is unacceptable.
Fundamental rules
You can start doing massage from the 20th - 30th day of the child's life. In children under the age of 3 months, you cannot massage the fontanel area and under the knees, elbow bend, armpits, interior thighs. Pressing and shock movements, patting are also contraindicated, so you will only cause excessive irritation of the receptors and increased nervous excitability of the baby.
- The temperature in the room should be between 18 and 23 degrees. The most important thing is the temperature regime in the room. Do not forget that the baby will be completely undressed for a while and may freeze. There is no need to reassure yourself that the body heats up during the massage. This axiom applies to an adult. For crumbs, massaging movements are more stroking than power ones, and therefore the warming effect is practically zero. The onset of hiccups and the temperature of the baby's nose can tell you that the baby is cold. We read articles about, and it is useful to read the article on the hardening procedure, namely.
- For the massage, you should prepare a changing table or any flat surface. Cover with a thin blanket, oilcloth or diaper. The surface should be wide enough so that you can roll your baby over without hindrance.
- It is advisable to equip the place for the massage in advance with everything you need. Consider what may come in handy and ensure that these tools are within easy reach. You should not be distracted and leave the crumb, even put your mobile phone next to it. It is also advisable to spread an absorbent reusable diaper, because the baby still cannot control the urination process.
- Particular attention should be paid to your hands as well. Long nails are undesirable not only for massage, they are superfluous and. The beauty of the hands and good manicure are possible with short nails, so cut them off while the baby is at a tender age. It is also recommended that you remove all jewelry from your hands. You absolutely do not need an extra possibility of injury.
- Know how to choose the right time for the procedure. After all, you can roughly calculate when the child asks for food and sleep. Massage is best done one and a half to two hours after feeding. Even with a little discomfort on the part of the baby, the process will not give positive results.
- During the massage, do not be silent, talk to your child. Any children's songs and nursery rhymes will be useful. Such simultaneous activities not only tune the baby to a positive, but also develop his listening and speaking abilities.
- Gradual complication of exercises and an increase in the time of massage procedures.
- Direction of massage movements: strictly from bottom to top, from the periphery to the center.
- Movements should be careful and not cause discomfort to the baby.
- The duration of one session is 15-20 minutes.
Step by step technique
Let us remind you right away that there are no strength movements when performing a massage, a newborn should not be. Only light stroking movements.
- We always start with the little handles. We massage each finger separately, unclench our fists and pay attention to our palms. We smoothly move on to massage the wrist and gradually rise higher. Do not touch the armpits.
- Smoothly moving on to the legs. First, we massage the foot, not forgetting to pay attention to each toe. Next, we perform light massaging movements in the direction from the foot to the groin. Be careful with the knees, there should be no effect on the joints. We don't touch the area under the knees at all.
Important! During the massage procedure, the arms and legs of the newborn should be in a bent state!
- Gradually move on to the tummy and stroke it clockwise from the navel. Next, we close our hands on the midline of the tummy and begin to make sliding movements: one hand moves up and the other down. At the same time, we try to avoid exposure to the genitals.
- We begin to massage the baby's chest in the direction from the sternum to the shoulders, then from the sternum to the sides. Avoid the breasts.
- Turn the baby over on its stomach and gently massage the neck. In those moments when the baby is trying to raise or turn his head, it is recommended to stop all movements.
- Next, we begin to massage the back. There are two directions of movement - from the waist to the shoulders, then from the spine to the sides. The spine itself is not massaged. Stroke the ass in the direction from the lateral surface of the thighs to the coccyx area.
- We spread the crumb on the left side and carefully run our hand along the paravertebral lines in the direction from the sacrum to the head. In this case, the child should slightly bend forward. We do no more than three movements and repeat the same in the position on the right side.
- We put the child in initial position and massage the head, avoiding the fontanel area (probably not worth explaining why). Don't forget about the ears. We also devote a little time and affection to them.
We finish the massage with stroking movements all over the body.
Massage for babies from 1 to 3 months in pictures
Mastering all these "wisdom" is not as difficult as it seems at first. We hope that with our help you will become a professional massage therapist for your baby.
Exercises for month old baby are selected taking into account his general condition, as well as individual characteristics.
The main massage techniques according to V.I. Vasichkin
- Stroking- manipulation, in which the masseur, without moving the skin into folds, slides over the child's skin with varying degrees of pressure;
- Trituration- a technique in which the masseur's hand makes a shift, stretching of the underlying tissues;
- Kneading- a technique in which the massaging hand performs three stages: fixation, squeezing or squeezing, rolling. This technique is rarely used in baby massage, preferably by a specialist.
- Vibration- manipulation, in which the massage therapist transfers various vibrational movements to the child. At the age of one month, this is usually a pat.
Complex
- Hand stroking - 8-10 times.
- Stroking the feet - 10 times.
- Rubbing the feet - 10 times.
- Flexion and extension of the toes - 6 times.
- Swaying the body to the left and to the right - up to 8 times.
- Stroking the abdomen - 6 - 8 times. This set of exercises must be carried out starting from the age of one month. Then you can add one of the following to it following exercises every week:
- Back stroking - up to 8 times.
- Kneading the legs - 6 times.
- Patting the buttocks - up to 10 times.
- Crawling - 2-3 times.
Massage for a baby in the first month is a necessary means of regulating the work of the flexor and extensor muscles, the activity of the nervous system and the general harmonious development of a newborn baby.
On the topic of massage and hardening:
Video guide: massage instructions for newborns
Massage for babies at 1 month
Children's massage and physiotherapy for babies from 1.5 to 3 months
This video tutorial was prepared with the assistance of an experienced massage therapist. Watch and learn to massage a newborn baby so that he learns to roll over faster.
exercises for toddlers
Gymnastic exercises at this age, it is envisaged to stimulate reflex (involuntary) movements in the baby: reflex crawling - pushing with the hand under the soles when the child is on his stomach and back; flexion of the foot when running the fingers along its outer edge from the base of the toes to the heel.
In children's practice, there are several massage and gymnastics complexes, depending on age.
Complex of massage and gymnastics No. 1 (for children 1.5 - 3 months)
1. Hand massage (stroking).
2. Foot massage (stroking).
3. Laying out on the stomach is a reflex exercise.
4. Back massage (stroking).
5. Crawling is a reflex exercise.
6. Massage of the abdomen (stroking).
7. Flexion and extension of the feet when passing along their outer edge is a reflex exercise.
8. Foot massage (rubbing).
If you do not know how to properly massage your baby, visit the children's clinic (healthy child's office), and the nurse (masseur) will teach you simple techniques massage.
Remember, the child should never get tired after the massage.
While awake, give the baby the opportunity to move the legs and arms; turn him over on his tummy 30 to 40 minutes after feeding. At this age, the child already needs more movement. You need to constantly talk to him, sing to him, bending over him.
It is very useful to go around the bed from different sides in order to stimulate first concentration, and then tracking, determining the localization of sound (visual and auditory concentration). Try to make your baby smile and support the revitalizing response.
You can not give the child a pacifier while awake, swing it in the stroller (it is used only for sleeping on fresh air and walks). Do not hold the baby in your arms, thereby you will not accustom him to this position. You need to pick it up for changing clothes, feeding, as well as a short time(up to 10 minutes), when he is calm, in order to develop the ability to hold the head, to focus his gaze.
Continue doing air baths for 5 to 10 minutes. The air temperature in the room should be at least 18 - 20 ° C.
Are you worried about the tiny size of your beloved child? Many young parents have similar fears about their babies. Yes, the fragile body of a newborn requires special care and attention.
Chaotic movements of arms and legs indicate that babies are trying to learn the capabilities of their body. Gymnastics for newborns from the first days of life will help them with this. It will allow the baby to get used to the new conditions of its existence outside the womb, to cope with infections and strengthen the general physical condition.
Child development and gymnastics
Until a year, the baby noticeably gains weight, height, and certain skills are formed. During this period, child care is very important, namely:
- breastfeeding him correctly (how to do this is described in detail in the course Happy Motherhood >>>);
- carry on hands;
- in the bathroom to bathe in a diaper;
- observe the sleep and wakefulness regime (for more details about the sleep regime, see the article Sleep rates of children under one year old >>>) - all these components are fundamental in the full development of the baby.
In the first month, the newborn sleeps more. As your baby grows, the periods of sleep will decrease and the periods of wakefulness will increase. The child will need more communication with loved ones, his motor and emotional activity will increase.
You, as a caring mommy, try to follow all the doctor's recommendations. For his correct development you do special exercises for newborns or replace exercises with massage. My opinion is that a child does not really need gymnastics. It is more important not to restrict him in movements.
A newborn baby must learn all the possibilities of his body.
- Any gymnastics should be performed against a background of positive emotions, and not just by adhering to correct technique certain exercises;
- The softest gymnastics is pestoval, with jokes and nursery rhymes.
But this is my opinion, to expand your horizons, we will introduce you to several types of exercises. It's up to you to decide which gymnastics is more suitable for your beloved crumbs, and which one you prefer.
See also about the types of gymnastics in my video tutorial:
Gymnastics rules:
- ventilate the room, let it warm up for 15 minutes, undress the baby and start gymnastics;
- exercise on a hard surface, such as a changing table;
- do massage or gymnastics daily after waking up or while awake;
- with gentle stroking movements, massage the baby's body from the extremities to the center;
- when performing a back massage, do not press on the spine, avoid pressing on the heart and kidneys;
- repeat each exercise 3-5 times, the duration of the gymnastics should not exceed 10 minutes.
When to do gymnastics
- Two weeks after birth, in the absence of contraindications, you can start doing gymnastics with your beloved baby;
- You cannot do gymnastics after feeding (read the current article about feeding a newborn: Feeding on demand >>>);
- Classes will only be beneficial if the newborn is happy to do them.
If your child doesn't like gymnastics?
- if the baby is naughty and does not want to practice, then it is better to postpone gymnastics to another time;
- negative emotions and coercion during the lesson are unacceptable;
- if you notice that any movements give the baby discomfort or pain, then inform the pediatrician.
Types of gymnastics:
There are two types of gymnastics: general developmental - aimed at developing the main muscles and therapeutic, which is prescribed by a specialist in the form of exercise therapy, for example, gymnastics for dysplasia of the hip joints in newborns, where exercises are of a therapeutic nature and are carried out in specialized institutions.
We will tell you about gymnastics that you can do at home.
- Gymnastics for newborns at 1 month (about how a baby develops at 1 month, read the article What should a baby at 1 month be able to do? >>>):
- I. p. (starting position) - put the baby on the back, gently stroke it on the arms, legs, tummy. Putting it on your tummy - stroke your back, arms, legs and buttocks;
- I. p. - put the baby on the back, put your index fingers in his palms. Let him grab them and try to raise his head and shoulders;
- I. p. - put the crumb on the tummy. Place your palm on his feet. A newborn, helping himself with his hands, will try to push off from them;
- I. p. - lying on your back, bend and unbend your baby's arms and legs.
- Gymnastics for newborns on fitball ( gymnastic ball) requires some skill from the parents, otherwise the baby may fall off the ball during exercise. Put on some rhythmic music, put a diaper on the ball and start exercising
- I. p. - put the crumb on the tummy. Press the legs to the surface of the ball, additionally fixing the back with your hand. Rock it back and forth on the ball. This exercise trains the vestibular apparatus and massages the abdominal muscles. Periodically make bouncing movements with the ball, thus massaging the intestines;
If you have any bowel problems or your baby has colic, take a look at our Soft Tummy course >>>
- I. p. - fix your hands on the baby's legs and make rolling movements with the ball forward so that the baby is lying with his head down;
- I. p. - we hold each leg of the newborn in a separate hand, bend it at the knee and continue to perform rolling movements with the head forward;
- I. p. - do an exercise for pens. Place your index finger in the infant's cam. Rolling up the ball to itself, the baby hangs slightly, roll it forward and spread the handles to the sides;
- By the same principle, we repeat all the movements, only the baby is already on his back.
- Massage for babies is done to improve lymph flow and blood supply. You can start movements with the arms, legs or abdomen. We'll start with the legs.
- I.p - after lightly stroking the leg, go to rubbing the foot of the leg, lower leg and thigh. Massaging movements should be smooth. Finish the massage of the limb with flexion and extension of the leg;
- After that, we proceed to the second leg and handles;
- Massage your tummy and chest with stroking and rubbing movements. We massage the abdomen only clockwise;
- Having turned the baby over on its stomach, it is necessary to massage the back.
- Pestoval gymnastics is based on Russian folklore. Doing gymnastics and smiling at the baby, sentence, stroking the baby those places about which the little dog says:
Potyagushki, potyagunushki
Across-Fatty
Little legs-hobbyists,
Grabbing little hands
Rotok-talk,
And in the mind-head.
Communication with a child with verdicts-pestushki, gives you the opportunity to establish a rhythm and join the general flow of earthly energy. On the globe, everything is subject to certain rhythms: blood circulation, respiration, hormone production. Day gives way to night, and ebbs and flows - every cell on Earth works in a certain rhythm.
Therefore, all the fairy tales of our grandmothers are a kind of massage in the game. For example, the game "Magpie - Crow" is performed with light circular movements, massaging certain points on the palm, thereby stimulating work gastrointestinal tract and tunes it to a full rhythm.
We told you about the types of gymnastics for newborns. Now you not only have an idea of them, but are also able to master basic skills and techniques. Grow, develop, smile and let our recommendations and advice only help you!
During the first year of life, children are shown 5 complexes of massage and gymnastics, which take into account all the physiological characteristics of this age. For children 1-3 years old, special 3 sets of exercises have been developed that contribute to the development of their movements.
The first complex (age 1.5-3 months)
- Massage of arms and legs (stroking).
- Reflex exercises - laying out on the tummy and crawling.
- Back and abdomen massage in the form of stroking.
- Rubbing the feet.
- Reflex extension and flexion of the feet.
- Extension of the spine - performed on the left and right sides (reflex exercise).
The second complex (3-4 months old)
- Hand massage (stroking).
- Passive crossing of the arms on the chest.
- Massage lower limbs(rubbing, stroking, kneading).
- Back massage (kneading and stroking).
- Active-passive exercise - turning to the right from the back to the stomach.
- Reflex exercise - "swimmer" position.
- Massage (rubbing and stroking) the abdomen.
- Massage (patting and rubbing) the feet.
- Reflex exercises for the feet.
- "Boxing" - passive extension and flexion of the handles.
- Chest massage (vibration).
For all exercises, the starting position is horizontal.
The third complex (age 4-6 months).
- Crossing the arms on the chest.
- Feet massage.
- A passive exercise that simulates cycling ("sliding steps").
- Turn to the right from the back to the tummy.
- Back massage (kneading, stroking, patting).
- Tummy massage.
- Reflex "hover" on the stomach.
- Raising the torso and head with the support of the arms set aside to the sides (active exercise).
- Foot massage and exercise for them.
- Extension and flexion of the handles or "boxing" (passive exercise).
- Alternate and joint passive extension and flexion of the legs
- Reflex "hover" on the back.
- Turn left from back to stomach.
- Massage (vibration) of the chest.
All exercises are carried out in the initial horizontal position.
The fourth complex (age 6-10 months).
- Crossing the arms on the chest, supported by the rings.
- Alternating and joint flexion of the legs and their extension (the so-called "sliding steps").
- Turn to the right from the back to the tummy without support by the handle.
- Tummy, back massage.
- Crawl.
- Sitting down the baby with support for the handles set aside to the sides.
- Passive lifting of straightened legs.
- Circular movements of the handles.
- An active exercise is tense arching.
- Turn left from back to tummy.
- An active exercise is lifting the torso (position on the stomach), supporting the child by the straightened arms.
- Sitting down with support for the handles that are spread apart shoulder-width apart (active exercise).
All exercises of this complex are performed in a horizontal starting position, with the exception of the boxing exercise (at the age of 8 months, when the child is confidently sitting without support, it can be performed in the starting sitting position).
Fifth complex (age 10 months - 1 year 2 months)
- Flexion and extension of handles ("boxing") with rings while standing or sitting.
- "Sliding steps".
- Back massage.
- Turn in one direction and the other from the back to the stomach.
- Raising the body vertically from a position on the tummy, while the child is supported by the arms.
- Tilting and straightening the trunk.
- Raising straightened legs to the stick.
- Belly massage.
- Sitting down, while supporting the handles (with a stick) spread apart shoulder-width apart.
- Squat, supporting the child by the handles with rings.
- Tense arching.
- Circular movements with handles with rings.
- Sitting down independently, with fixation of the knees, or with the support of the baby with one handle.
Exercises 3, 4,7, 8, 9 are performed in a horizontal starting position. The 10th and 13th exercises are performed according to the speech instruction.
The sixth complex (age 1 year 2 months - 1 year 6 months)
- Flexion of the handles and their extension with rings. Perform with the help of an adult in the starting position standing on the floor.
- Squat (child is on the floor).
- Raising straightened legs to the stick (starting position - lying on the floor).
- The child crawls through the hoop lying on its tummy.
- Walking on a ribbed surface (for example, a massage mat).
Seventh complex (age 1 year 6 months - 2 years)
- Walking between two sticks, ropes, along the edge of a rug or chalk path, etc. The width of such a track is gradually narrowed, starting from 30-25 cm and up to 10-5 cm.
- In a supine position on the floor with the toes of straight legs, you need to get the hoop or from a standing position to get objects that lie on the floor, while not bending your knees.
- Crawl under a hoop, bench, chair, stick, etc., arching your back.
- Pull the arms up and, holding on to the hoop or stick, sit down, and then rise on our toes ("how small and big we are").
- Roll a pencil, stick, etc., while sitting on a chair.
- Step over several objects on the floor, the distance between which is 20-30 cm.
Gymnastics should be done every day, after 30-40 minutes. after breakfast, you can also do an activity after the baby's sleep in the daytime. Dress code - T-shirt and underpants. Exercises are performed on the rug barefoot, while it is imperative to open the window or transom. The duration of the lesson is 10-12 minutes. For this complex gymnastics, you need to have two jump ropes or ropes (length 1-1.5 m), a hoop (diameter 45-50 cm), stick (diameter 2.5 cm, length 40-50 cm), sticks, cubes, skittles, etc. ...
Eighth complex (age 2-3 years)
- Walking along a stick, rope or along a path, the width of which ranges from 5-10 cm.
- Get out objects lying on the floor, while not bending your knees.
- Raise your head and in a supine position look at a toy that lies on a chair or is raised to a height of 25-30 cm.
- Step over pencils, sticks, cubes, which are located at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other.
- Crawl through a stick, rope, into a hoop, under a bench or chair, while arching your back.
- Raise the pencil on the floor with your toes.
Classes are conducted every other day or every day, after about half an hour after breakfast, or daytime sleep... Classes last 12-15 minutes, while the child is wearing a T-shirt and underpants. All exercises are performed on the rug barefoot, while you need to keep the window or transom open. For classes, you need a jump rope or rope, a hoop (diameter 45-50 cm), a stick (length 1-1.5 m, diameter - 2.5 cm), ball, cubes, skittles, sticks.