Slide 2

Basketball. History of origin. What is needed to play basketball. Techniques: 1. main stand; 2.dribbling; 3. throws on the ring; 4. transmission; 5. protection; 6. catching the ball. Major violations of the rules. Express test. Resources used.

Slide 3

The homeland of basketball is the United States, namely Springfield. In the late 19th century, in 1891, James Naismith (1861-1932) accidentally came up with a new game. On one of the usual January days, he attached two baskets at a height of 3.05 m (by the way, the height of the installation is now standard for basketball), into which it was necessary to throw soccer ball... Then there were two teams of players - 9 people each. Dribbling, as in the modern version of the game, did not exist, the players stood still and, throwing the ball to each other, tried to get it into the basket. It's funny, but after each lucky throw one of the players climbed up and took out the ball from the basket. The history of the game

Slide 4

The area, 28m long, 15m wide, has markings: front lines (limit the width of the area), center, side lines (limit the length of the area), penalties. Three-second zones are located under the rings. In the center of the site is the central circle. The rings are located at a height of 3m 05cm The ball weighs from 567 to 650g For the game, special shoes are used - sneakers, tightly fixing the foot ( ankle joint) to prevent injury. What you need to play basketball

Slide 5

Main rack. Dribbling (dribbling). Ring throws. Passing the ball. Protection. Catching the ball. Technique

Slide 6

Taking a stance, the basketball player puts his feet parallel to the width of the shoulders, in one line or putting either leg forward. The legs are bent, the body is slightly bent. The body weight is evenly distributed on both legs, the arms are bent in a comfortable position for catching and holding the ball. Errors to be avoided: - do not narrow the support area; - do not move the center of gravity by one leg; - do not stand on straight legs; - do not overly tilt the body forward. The stance when playing in defense differs from the stance when playing in the attack with the position of the hands, which changes depending on game situations. Basketball stance

Slide 7

Dribbling is the primary mode of individual movement of the player with the ball. It is used when the partners are closed, it is necessary to distract the defenders to oneself, to change the position. There are two types of lead - high and low. Dribbling is performed with a jerky movement on the ball, unbending it in elbow joint... The player meets the ball bouncing off the floor with his fingers wide apart and his forearm lowered down. Bending his arm, he accompanies the ball upwards a little, and then again vigorously pushes it into the floor at a certain angle. When dribbling is low, the legs are bent more, dribbling is carried out by frequent movement of the hand with a rebound no higher than the knee. The main thing when leading is the ability to continuously observe changes in game situations. Dribbling

Slide 8

The result of the game depends on the accuracy of the throw to the basket. There are throws: 1. One-handed throw from the shoulder is the most common method. Free throws are taken for them. 2. throw with two hands from the chest. Used to attack the basket from a spot, from close and medium distances. 3. Throw with one hand overhead in a jump - the main means of attack in modern basketball. 1 Throws on the ring 3

Slide 9

Catching the ball is the key to successfully mastering the technique of playing basketball. You have to catch the ball during the game in a variety of conditions and in difficult environments. In this regard, the player must be able to catch the ball not only while standing still, in a calm atmosphere, but also in the fight with the opponent, and during a fast run, in a jump or when the ball bounces off the backboard. Catching the ball

Slide 10

Passing the ball

Passing the ball is the main technique by which the interaction between partners is carried out. Surprise and secrecy, speed and accuracy in any opposition of defenders - the main requirements for the transmission. There are two-handed and one-handed passes. with two hands from the chest is used to interact partners at short and medium distances; with two hands from above, it is used with active resistance of the defender, which does not prevail in growth. a one-handed pass from the shoulder is the most expedient method of passing the ball. Covert passes are characterized by a shorter swing and a direction of the ball that is unexpected for the enemy, which makes it difficult to intercept.

Slide 11

Personal protection - guardianship of a player by a defender personally. Zone defense - all players are located in the defense zone and each player controls his own part of the court. All team players must be able to defend effectively. The defense technique is divided into two groups - the technique of movement. Ball control technique: interception; pulling out; knocking out; covering. Protection

Slide 12

“Zone” When the offensive ball crosses the center line, returning the ball is a violation of the rules of the game. "Violation of the 3-second zone" In the attack inside the trapezium, the players of the attacking team may not be more than three seconds. Run The player holding the ball has taken more than two steps. Double dribble The player who picked up the ball after the dribble has the right to pass or throw into the ring. Repeated dribbling is a violation of the rules. Breaking the rules

Slide 13

1 / Date of appearance of the game of basketball? a) 1885 b) 1887 c) 1889 d) 1891 2 / Country of origin of the game of basketball? a) Argentina b) Brazil c) America d) Russia. 3 / Who was the founder of the basketball game? a) P. Coubertin b) D. Naismith c) A. Nielsen d) V. Vasiliev 4 / Catching a ball in basketball is one of the techniques games. Which of these techniques is the main one? a) catching the ball with two hands b) one hand c) feet d) head 5 / During the game, basketball players use different methods of passing the ball with two hands. Which of the ways is the main one? a) two hands from below b) two hands from above c) two hands from the side d) two hands from the chest 6 / Size of the basketball court? a) 20 x 10 m b) 22 x 15 m c) 20 x 40 m d) 28 x 15 m 7 / Throws on the basket in basketball are most often performed with one hand. What is the main one-handed throw? a) from below b) above c) from the head d) from the shoulder 8 / During a basketball game, a player moves around the court in various ways. The main method of movement is: a) crawling b) jumping c) side step d) cross step Express test

Slide 14

Sport games... Textbook for physical. in-s. Ed. Portnykh Yu. M. M., "Physical culture and sport", 1975. Physical education in vocational schools. Toolkit... M., "Higher. school ", 1976. Resources used

Slide 15

Training is over, long live training!

View all slides

Basketball is one of the most popular ball games in the world, including in Russia. The history of this sport goes back more than one century, but it officially began in 1891. It was then that in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts (USA) a simple teacher physical education high school named James Naismith introduced his wards to the new game basketball (translated from English - basket + ball) and at the same time opened it to all mankind. He also compiled and published 13 rules of this game.

Aztec entertainment

Historians claim that before the beginning of our era, the ancient Aztecs amused themselves by throwing the ball into the rings, which vaguely resembles basketball. The ancestors of the Mexicans loved to play ball. They had a mixture modern football and basketball. Two teams lined up in front of the line, which could not be crossed on the site up to one and a half hundred meters long. There were stands behind the players' backs, and stone rings were fixed opposite each other at a low height. The object of the game was to hit the rubber ball in the ring enemy.

This is how the game looked like among the Aztecs.

The emergence of basketball as we know it

The teacher James Naismith mentioned at the beginning of the message once tried to find a suitable sports activity for their students during the cold period, when physical education lessons were transferred to the hall. As a result, he came up with a game in which the participants could win not only due to physical data, but also due to playing skills and ingenuity. This is how basketball was born. Many of Naismith's rules still apply today.

The class was divided into two teams of equal number. Each of them needed to be thrown basketball into your opponent's fruit basket hung on the wall. At first, they used a soccer ball to play and only after some time did they come up with a special basketball. By the way, baskets appeared in basketball by accident. At first, Naismith used boxes to play, but one day the school guard could not find them, and therefore suggested using baskets instead.

Now basketball is included in the school curriculum of physical education lessons.

A year later, the first official basketball game... It was attended by two teams - 9 people in one and the other. It's funny that after any successful throw, you had to climb the stairs to retrieve the ball from the basket, because then they did not even guess to cut through its lower part so as not to climb after it every time again. Dribbling also did not exist, the players tossed it to each other while one of them dared to throw sports equipment inside the container.

Development of the sport

Gradually the game began to gain popularity and was further developed. She was carried away all over America, and then they learned about her in Canada and a little later in Europe:

1. In 1932, the international basketball association, FIBA, was formed.
2. In 1936, this sport was included in the Summer Olympics program.
3. In 1946 appeared professional league basketball players of the USA and Canada - the NBA, in which the strongest athletes played at that time. This situation persists to this day.

National championships have been organized in many countries, everywhere began to open sport sections to teach teenagers basketball skills and rules.

The boys have a responsible match.

The current basketball rules were formed gradually and were often rewritten. Now the teams consist of 12 people, but five go to the site. The ball is dribbled so that it hits the floor regularly and returns to the hand. For getting into the basket, the team is awarded a different number of points:

• a free throw for a violation is worth 1 point;
• 2 points are awarded for a hit from close range;
• for a successful throw from 6 meters or more, there are 3 points:

Precise throw and the ball goes into the basket!

The game consists of four quarters - 10 minutes each - and two minute breaks between them. There is a big break between the second and third quarters - 15 minutes. The main violations are:

• out - when the ball flew out of bounds;
• foul - push, holding an opponent with his hands;
• jogging - when a player has taken unnecessary steps.

Introduction

Basketball history

Rules of the game

Technique of the game

Conclusion

Bibliography.

Introduction.

In modern life, more and more the use of physical exercises is aimed not at achieving high results, but at increasing their health-improving effect on the broad masses of the population. For solving such a global problem, the most effective means are, first of all, sports games.

Basketball is one of the means of physical development and education of young people.

Basketball is one of the most popular games in our country. It is characterized by a variety of movements; walking, running, stopping, turning, jumping, catching, throwing and dribbling the ball, carried out in single combat with opponents. Such a variety of movements contribute to the improvement of metabolism, the activity of all body systems, and form coordination.

Basketball history

The United States of America is considered to be the homeland of basketball. The game was invented in December 1891 at the Christian Youth Association training center in Springfield, Massachusetts. To spice up gymnastics lessons, a young teacher, Dr. James Naismith, born in Ramsay, Ontario, Canada in 1861, came up with a new game. He attached to the balcony railing two fruit baskets from under peaches without a bottom, into which he had to throw a soccer ball (hence the name basket, ball - ball). The concept of basketball originated in his school years, while playing "duck-on-a-rock". The meaning of this popular game at that time was as follows: tossing one small stone, it was necessary to hit the top of another larger stone with it. Already, as a physical education teacher, professor at the College in Springfield, D. Naismith faced the problem of creating a game for the Massachusetts winter, the period between baseball and football. Naismith believed that due to the weather at this time of year, the best solution would be to reinvent the indoor game. A year later, D. Naismith, in less than an hour, sitting at a table in his office, developed the first 13 points of basketball rules:

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

2. The ball can be hit with one or both hands in any direction, but never with a fist.

3. The player cannot run after the ball. A player must pass or throw the ball into the basket from the point at which he caught it, except for a player running at good speed.

4. The ball must be held with one or both hands. The forearms and body cannot be used to hold the ball.

5. In any case, strikes, captures, holding and pushing the opponent are not allowed. The first violation of this rule by any player shall be called a foul (foul play); a second foul will disqualify him until the next ball has been scored and, if there was a clear intention to injure a player, for the entire game, no substitution is allowed.

6. Hitting the ball with a fist - violation of paragraphs 2 and 4, the punishment is described in paragraph 5.

7. If both sides commit three fouls in a row, they must be called for a goal, for the opponents (this means that during this time the opponents must not commit a single foul).

8. A goal is awarded - if the ball thrown or bounced off the floor enters the basket and remains there. Defending players are not allowed to touch the ball or the basket when they are thrown. If the ball touches the edge and the opponents move the basket, a goal is scored.

9. If the ball goes out-of-bounds, it must be thrown into the field by the first player to touch it. In the event of a dispute, the referee must throw the ball into the field. The thrower is allowed to hold the ball for five seconds. If he holds it longer, then the ball is given to the opponent. If either side is trying to stall for time, the referee must give them a foul.

10. The referee must monitor the actions of the players and for fouls, and also notify the referee about three fouls committed in a row. He is vested with the power to disqualify players under rule 5.

11. The Referee must follow the ball and determine when the ball is in play (within the court) and when it goes out-of-bounds (out of bounds), which side should have the ball, as well as perform any other actions normally performed by the referee.

12. The game consists of two halves of 15 minutes each with a break of 5 minutes between them.

13. Side Throwing more balls during this time period is the winner.

But already the first matches according to these rules caused their changes. Although most of them are still valid today. The fans on the balconies caught the flying away balls and tried to throw them into the opponent's basket. Therefore, shields soon appeared, which became protection for the basket. On February 12, 1892, having studied the rules and mastered the basics of technology, students of Springfield College, in the presence of a hundred spectators, played the first "official" match in the history of basketball, which ended peacefully with a score of 2: 2. Its success was so deafening, and the rumor of a new game spread with such speed that soon the two Springfield teams began to hold demonstration meetings, gathering hundreds of spectators at their performances. Their initiative was picked up by students from other colleges, and already at next year the entire American northeast was gripped by basketball fever. Already in 1893, iron rings with a grid appeared. The new game turned out to be so interesting and dynamic that the first official rules were published in the USA in 1894. At the same time, basketball from the United States penetrates first to the East - to Japan, China, the Philippines, and then to Europe and South America. In 1895, free throws were introduced from a distance of 5m 25cm. Dribbling in all its variations was legalized in 1896.

The spontaneous formation of amateur teams and leagues led to the fact that students sought to engage exclusively in basketball, preferring it not only to such traditional ones. game types like American football and baseball, but also beloved by college trustees of gymnastics. Officials of the Youth Christian Association, heeding the complaints of opponents of the new trend, practically slammed the doors of the student sports halls. However, their desire to ban the rapidly gaining popularity of a new sport was like trying to manually stop a speeding train.

Ten years later, at the Olympic Games in St. Louis (USA), the Americans organized an exhibition tournament between teams from several cities.

The homeland of national basketball is St. Petersburg. The first mention of this game in our country belongs to the famous Russian propagandist of physical culture and sports, St. Petersburg resident Georgy Dupperon, and it dates back to 1901.

Already in 1909, an event took place that became a certain milestone in the history of not only domestic, but also world basketball. A group of members of the American Christian Association arrived in St. Petersburg. Of these, the basketball team was made up, which, to the general joy of the Petersburgers, lost to the local team of "purple" with a score of 19:28. It was this historic meeting that was named the first international basketball match. Thus, it turns out that it was Russia that became the venue for the first international basketball game on the planet.

In 1920 he was included in the school curriculum, in which it was studied along with football as a compulsory discipline. Also at this time, national basketball federations began to be actively created, the first international meetings were held. So in 1919, a basketball tournament took place between the army teams of the United States, Italy and France. In 1923, the first international women's tournament is held in France. The game is gaining more and more popularity and recognition in the world, and in 1935 the International Olympic Committee issued a decision on the recognition of basketball. Olympic view sports. Teams from 21 countries participated in the basketball tournament. The matches were held on open tennis courts, all subsequent Olympic tournaments were held indoors. The first Olympic champion became the USA team

In the first half of the 1950s, basketball began to lose its inherent acuity of the struggle. It took a number of changes and additions to the rules to revive it. The most important of these additions were:

- introduction of the 30 seconds rule (the team in possession of the ball is obliged to throw the ball into the basket within this time);

Expansion of the area of ​​the zone in which the attacking players were not allowed to stay for more than three seconds.

The debut of women's basketball at the Olympic Games took place in 1976 in Montreal. Six teams participated in the tournament. The first Olympic champions were the basketball players of the USSR national team.

The first European Women's Championship was held in Rome in 1938, which was won by Italian basketball players. The USSR national team - 21 times became the champion of Europe (1950-1956, 1960-1991).

James Naismith created the game of all the peoples of the world, a game of speed, agility and ingenuity.

The rules of the game "basketball".

Here are some excerpts from the official basketball rules.
Basketball is played by two teams, each with five players. The goal of each team in basketball is to throw an opponent into the basket and interfere with the other team, get possession of the ball, and throw it into the basket.

The winner in basketball is the team that scored the most points at the end of the playing time.

The playing basketball court must be a flat, rectangular solid surface with no obstructions. Dimensions should be 28 meters long and 15 meters wide.

Basketball backboards with a basket must be made of a suitable transparent material or painted white. The dimensions of basketball backboards must be 1.80 m horizontally and 1.05 m vertically.

Basketball hoops must be made of solid steel, with an inner diameter of 45 cm. The bar of the hoop must have a minimum diameter of 16 mm and a maximum diameter of 20 mm. On the lower part of the ring there should be devices for attaching the nets.

The basketball should be spherical and orange in color with the traditional eight-paneling and black stitching pattern. The circumference of the ball must be at least 74.9 cm and no more than 78 cm.The weight of the ball must be at least 567 g and no more than 650 g.

According to the rules of basketball, the game consists of four periods of ten minutes, with breaks of two minutes. The duration of the break between the halves of the game is fifteen minutes. If the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, play is extended for an additional period of five minutes, or for as many periods of five minutes as necessary to upset the balance in the score. Teams must exchange baskets before the third period. The game officially begins with a jump ball at the center circle when the ball is legally tapped by one of the jumpers.

In basketball, the ball is played only with the hands. It is an offense to run with the ball, intentionally kick, block with any part of the leg, or punch it with a fist. Accidentally touching or touching the ball with a foot or leg is not a violation.

If a player accidentally throws the ball from the court into his basket, points are awarded to the opposing captain.

If a player deliberately throws the ball from the court into his basket, it is a violation and no points will be awarded.

If a player forces the ball into the basket from below, it is a violation. A pivot occurs when a player holds a live ball on the court and strides one or more times in any direction with the same foot, while the other foot, called the pivot foot, maintains its place of contact with the floor.

Whenever a player gains control of a live ball on court, his team must attempt a goal shot within twenty-four seconds.

Here are just a few important excerpts from the rules of basketball. In general, the official basketball rules of the International Basketball Federation are a large, 100-page guide that sets out all the nuances of the rules.

Technique of the game.

You can get the greatest pleasure from the game if you learn how to correctly perform the basic techniques of the game - passing, dribbling, throwing into the basket, defending, rebounding and finishing off the ball that bounced off the backboard. The most important first rule is to hold the ball with your fingers and never wrap your hands around it.

Transmission Is the easiest and most effective way to move the ball to the opponent's basket. Their main types: transfers with two hands from the chest, two hands from below, one hand from the shoulder, one and two hands with a rebound from the floor.

To catch the ball, you need to stretch out your hands with your fingers apart and, as soon as it touches your fingers, bend your arms, pulling the ball to your chest.

The technique of the transmissions themselves is simple. They require, as a rule, a small swing and "shooting" movement of the hand with the ball in the direction of the partner.

Dribbling ... A player can move with the ball on the court only successively hitting it on the floor with one or the other hand. While dribbling, you need to follow a few simple rules:

Pushing the ball to the floor is done mainly by moving the fingers and wrist. Hitting the ball with the palm of your hand will be a mistake.

Do not look down at the ball - keep your head up to see the other players and the court as a whole.

When dribbling with the right hand, the ball is held slightly to the side, in front to the right, and with the left to the side, in front to the left.

When dribbling, the player must be positioned between the ball and the defender. His legs are bent, and his body is tilted forward. This position covers the ball from the defender, provides sufficient speed and avoids dribbling errors.

Throwing the ball into the basket .

There are the following ways to throw the ball into the basket:

Throw from under the basket with one hand from above

One-handed throw from a place

Jumping throw

Shield Throw

Conclusion.

Basketball, as a means of physical education, has found wide application in various parts of the physical culture movement.

In the system of public education, basketball is included in the programs of physical preschoolers, general secondary, secondary, vocational, secondary specialized and higher education.

Basketball is a fun athletic game that is an effective physical education tool. It is no coincidence that he is very popular among schoolchildren.

The variety of technical and tactical actions of the basketball game and the actual game activity have unique properties for the formation of vital skills and abilities of schoolchildren, the all-round development of their physical and mental qualities. The mastered motor actions of playing basketball and physical exercises associated with it are effective means of strengthening health and recreation and can be used by a person throughout his life in independent forms of physical education.

Bibliography.

1. Basketball. Directory. M., 1993

2. Basketball. Competition rules. M., 1996.

3. Basketball: A textbook for institutes of physical culture // Pod. Ed.

Yu.M. Portnova. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1998.

4. Basketball: Textbook for universities of physical culture // Pod. Ed. M. Portnova. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.

5. Valtin A.I. "Mini-basketball at school." - M .: Education, 1996.

6. John R., Wooden Modern basketball.- M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.

Plan:

Introduction

• 1. History
• 2 Rules
  • 2.1 Violations
  • 2.2 Fouls
• 3 Basic elements of the game
Notes (edit)

Introduction

Basketball

Basketball playground

Michael Jordan performs a slam dunk

Basketball(eng. basket- basket, ball- ball) is a sports team game with a ball. Basketball is played by two teams, each of which consists of five players. The goal of each team is to throw the ball into the opponent's net (basket) with their hands and prevent the other team from gaining possession of the ball and throwing it into their own basket. The basket is located 3.05 meters from the floor (10 feet). There are 5 people from each team on the site, in total there are 12 people in the team, substitutions are not limited. For a ball thrown from near and middle distance, 2 points are counted, from the far (because of the three-point line) - 3 points. A free throw is worth one point. The standard size of a basketball court is 28 meters long and 15 meters wide. Basketball is one of the most popular types sports in the world.

Basketball has been part of the Olympic Games program since 1936. James Naismith was there as a guest. The regular basketball world championships for men have been held since 1950, for women since 1953, and European championships since 1935.

Europe hosts international club competitions Euroleague ULEB, European Cup ULEB, Challenge Cup.

The game reached its greatest development in the USA, where one of the strongest basketball championships was organized - the National Basketball Association (NBA) championship, also considered national species sports in Lithuania (see LBL).

1. History

In the winter of 1891, college students of the Youth Christian Association of Springfield, Massachusetts were forced to do endless gymnastic exercises, considered at that time almost the only means of introducing young people to sports, it was very boring in physical education classes. The monotony of such activities urgently needed to end, to bring a fresh stream into them, which would be able to satisfy the competitive needs of strong and healthy young people.

A way out of what seemed to be a dead end was found by a modest college teacher named James Naismith. On December 1, 1891, he tied two peach baskets to the balcony railing. sports hall and, dividing eighteen students into two teams, he offered them a game, the meaning of which was to throw more balls into the opponents' basket. A start was made. Could Dr. Naismith then have guessed what a great future awaits his brainchild?

The idea of ​​this game originated in his school years, when children were playing the old game "duck-on-a-rock". The meaning of this popular, at that time, game was as follows: tossing a small stone, it was necessary to hit the top of another stone, larger in size.

Quite pragmatically called "basketball" (eng. basket- basket, ball- ball), the game, of course, only vaguely resembled that enchanting spectacle that we know by this name today. Dribbling did not exist, the players only threw it to each other, standing still, and then tried to throw it into the basket, and only with both hands from below or from the chest, and after a successful throw, one of the players climbed onto a ladder against the wall and removed the ball from the basket ... WITH modern point From the point of view, the actions of the teams would seem to us sluggish and inhibited, however, the goal of Dr. Naismith was to create a precisely collective game in which a large number of participants could be involved simultaneously, and his invention fully answered this task.

In 1892, physical education teacher at Smith College (English) Russian in Northampton, Massachusetts, the first rules of women's basketball were developed by Sanda Berenson (English) Russian ...

2. Rules

Backboard and basket dimensions according to FIBA ​​rules

Shield and basket dimensions (option)

Field sizes according to FIBA ​​2010 rules

Initially, the rules of the game of basketball were formulated by the American James Naismith and consisted of only 13 points. Basketball has changed over time, and the rules have also required changes. The first international rules the games were adopted in 1932 at the first FIBA ​​congress, after which they were repeatedly corrected and changed, the last significant changes were made in 1998 and 2004. Since 2004, the rules of the game have remained unchanged. The rules of the game are somewhat different in the NBA and championships held under the auspices of FIBA ​​(World Championships, Olympic Games, Continental Championships, international and national championships of European clubs)

Basketball is played by two teams, usually twelve people, each of which has five players on the court at the same time. The goal of each team in basketball is to throw the ball into the opponent's basket and prevent the other team from gaining possession of the ball and throwing it into their team's basket.

The ball is played only with hands. It is an offense to run with the ball without hitting the floor, deliberately kick, block with any part of the leg, or punch it with a fist. Accidentally touching or touching the ball with a foot or leg is not a violation.

The winner in basketball is the team that scored the most points at the end of the playing time. If the score is equal, at the end of the regular time of the match, an overtime is assigned (usually five minutes of extra time), if the score is equal at the end of the match, a second, third overtime, etc., is assigned until the winner is determined match.

One hit of the ball into the ring can be counted different amount points:

• 1 point - shot from the foul line
• 2 points - a throw from an average or close distance (closer to the three-point line)
• 3 points - shot from behind the three-point line at a distance of 6m 75cm (7m 24cm in the National Basketball Association)

The game officially begins with a jump ball at the center circle when the ball is legally tapped by one of the jumpers. The match consists of four periods of ten minutes (twelve minutes in the National Basketball Association), with intervals of two minutes. The duration of the break between the second and third quarters of the game is fifteen minutes. After a long break, the teams must exchange baskets.

The game can be played in an open area and in a hall with a height of at least 7 m. The size of the field is 28x15 m. The backboard is 180x105 cm. From the bottom edge of the backboard to the floor or the ground, there must be 290 cm. The basket is a metal ring covered with a net without a bottom. It is attached at a distance of 0.15 m from the lower edge of the shield. The ball circumference set by the FIBA ​​standards for men's competitions is 74.9-78 cm, weight - 567-650 g (for women, 72.4-73.7 cm and 510-567 g, respectively).

2.1. Violations

• out - the ball goes out of bounds;
• jogging - a player in control of a live ball moves his legs beyond the limits set by the rules
• dribbling violation, including passing the ball, double dribbling;
• three seconds - the attacking player is in the free throw zone for more than three seconds while his team is in possession of the ball in the attacking zone;
• five seconds - when the throw-in is performed, the player does not part with the ball for five seconds;
• eight seconds - the team in possession of the ball from the defending zone did not bring it into the attacking zone within eight seconds;
• 24 seconds - the team had possession of the ball for more than 24 seconds and did not produce accurate throw around the ring. A team is entitled to a new 24 second possession if the ball thrown around the ring touches the arch of the ring or the backboard, as well as in the event of a foul by the defending team.
• closely guarded player - a player holds the ball for more than five seconds, while an opponent is closely guarded;
• violations of the return of the ball to the defense zone (zone) - the team in possession of the ball in the attacking zone transferred it to the defense zone.

2.2. Fouls

The referee calls a foul

A foul is a violation of the rules caused by personal contact or unsportsmanlike behavior. Types of fouls:

• personal;
• technical;
• non-athletic;
• disqualifying.

A player who receives 5 fouls (6 NBA fouls) in a match must leave the playing court and cannot participate in the match (but is allowed to remain on the bench). The player receiving the disqualifying foul must leave the venue (the player is not allowed to remain on the bench).

A coach will be disqualified if:

• he commits 2 technical fouls;
• a team official or substitute has committed 3 technical fouls;
• the coach will commit 1 technical foul and the team official or substitute will commit 2 technical fouls.
• obscene language and insults are prohibited

Each foul counts for team fouls, except for a technical foul committed by the coach, team official or bench player.

Personal foul - a foul due to personal contact.

Punishment:

If the foul is committed on a player who is not in the shooting phase, then:

• if a team fails to score 5 team fouls or the foul is committed by the player whose team was in possession of the ball, the injured team takes a throw-in;
• otherwise, the injured player takes 2 free throws;

If the foul is committed on a player in the shooting phase:

• if the throw was successful, it counts and the injured player takes 1 free kick;
• if the throw was unsuccessful, the injured player attempts as many free throws as the team would have earned had the throw been successful.

Unsportsmanlike foul is a contact foul in which a player did not attempt to play the ball within the rules.

Punishment:

If the foul is committed on a player who is in the shooting phase, the procedure is the same as in the case of a personal foul. If the foul is committed on a player who is not in the shooting phase, the injured player takes 2 shots. After the free throws have been taken, the injured team throws in the ball at the center line extended. An exception is made for fouls committed before the start of the first period. In this case, a jump ball will be played after the free throws (as in the case of the normal start of the game). If a player commits 2 unsportsmanlike fouls during one match, he shall be disqualified.

A disqualifying foul is a foul resulting from egregious unsportsmanlike conduct. A disqualifying foul may be committed by a player, substitute, coach or team official.

Punishment:

The number of free throws and the throw-in after them will be awarded in the same way as an unsportsmanlike foul.

A technical foul is a foul not caused by contact with an opponent. This can be disrespect for the referees, the opponent, delay in the game, violations of a procedural nature.

Punishment:

Any player on the team that did not break the rule shoots 2 free throws. After the throws have been taken, the throw-off is the same as for an unsportsmanlike foul.

3. Basic elements of the game

Wrestling under the shield is of particular importance in modern basketball. The famous basketball commandment says: "Whoever wins the backboard wins the match," and one of the main statistical indicators of a basketball player's play - whether it be a single match or an entire season - is the number of so-called rebounds and block shots.

, Basketball in Israel, Eurocup (basketball), Superleague (basketball), Point (basketball), Mini-basketball, Euroleague (basketball), Interception (basketball).

Ministry of Education Russian Federation

Orsk Humanitarian and Technological Institute (branch)

state educational institution

higher professional education

Orenburg State University.

Faculty of Mechanics and Technology

Department of Physical Education.

by discipline: Physical culture

on the topic: "BASKETBALL"

Head: _________ Zhdanov S.I.

"_______" _________________2006

Performer: 2nd year student of group EO-21

Bushuev A.N.

"_______" _______________ 2006

Orsk 2006

INTRODUCTION

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GAME

2. GAME TECHNIQUE

2. 1. Technique of playing in attack

2. 1. 1. Moving, jumping, stopping and turning

2. 1. 2. Catching the ball.

2. 1. 3. Passing the ball.

2. 1. 4. Throws to the basket

2. 1. 6. Feints

2. 2. Technique of protection

2. 2. 1. Technique of movement

2. 2. 2. Technique of mastering the ball and counteraction

3. TRAINING AND TRAINING.

3. 1. Physical training

3. 2. Technical and tactical training

3. 2. 1. Catching and passing the ball

3. 2. 2. Throw in the basket

3. 2. 3. Dribbling

3. 2. 4. Feints

4. COMPETITION SYSTEM

4. 1. Competitive activity

4. 2. Basic rules of the game

4. 3. Information and material support of the training system

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Springfield Physical Education Teacher training school(later the school was transformed into a college) in Massachusetts (USA). James Naismith in December 1891 invented the game, which he described as: "Basketball is easy to play, but difficult to play well." The new game turned out to be so dynamic and exciting that it surpassed Naismith's wildest hopes. Very soon she won universal recognition in America, and in modern world it is played by millions of people.

Paying tribute to James Naismith, Springfield College awarded him an honorary master's degree in physical education in 1911. In 1939. McGill University awarded Naismith with a doctorate in medicine, and in 1968. The James Naismith Museum, the Basketball Hall of Fame, was opened at Springfield College. This was how respect was expressed for the person who gave the world a wonderful game.

James Naismith (1861 -1939) was born in Canada. Of course, when creating a new game, he used to some extent the historical information about ball games, which in ancient times was cultivated on the American continent. For example, more than two and a half thousand years ago, the Inca and Mayan tribes, who lived at that time on the territory of present-day Mexico, played the so-called pok-slippers. The object of the game was to throw the ball into a stone ring that was fixed upright on the wall.

In the sixteenth century, the Aztecs had a game called ollamalituli: the players tried to throw a rubber ball into a stone ring.

Starting at Springfield College, James Naismith met there with Dr. Luther Gulick, who was persistently looking for new forms and methods of physical education. Assigned by Dr. Gulik to spice up the lessons, James Naismith came up with an indoor game. The conditions of the sports hall determined the need to play with a round ball and only with hands. For this, a soccer ball was chosen that could be easily caught, passed, and thrown after a relatively short practice. To eliminate rudeness when throwing at the target and to develop accuracy among students, Naismith positioned the target above the players, out of their reach: he attached two baskets for collecting peaches to the balcony lamps, into which he had to throw the ball. The balcony of the gymnasium was located at a height of 3m 5cm from the floor - this height corresponds to the modern distance from the surface of the basketball court to the top edge of the basket ring.

In the new game, men and women at the same time took part in the beginning.

Since there were eighteen people in the gymnastic group, J. Naismith divided them into two teams of nine people each. Later, the number of players was reduced to seven, and then to five, as the larger number of participants created unnecessary fuss on the court. Since the ball was thrown into the basket, the new game was called "basketball" (basket-basket, ball-ball).

In December 1891. Naismith formulated the first rules of the new game and played the first basketball match. In 1892. he published The Basketball Rules Book, containing thirteen points, most of which, in one form or another, are still in effect today.

Pretty soon after the first matches, these rules were slightly changed. One of the reasons for the change, in particular, was the introduction of shields (1895), to which baskets were attached. The shields were a kind of protection for the basket. The fact is that the spectators who were on the balcony, trying to help their team, often caught the ball and sent it to the opposing team's basket.

Basketball is currently played on all five continents.

Basketball is developing rapidly in Asia and some African countries.

In our country, basketball began to be played in 1906. The first teams were created by the Mayak Society in St. Petersburg. This game was not widely used in tsarist Russia. The real development of basketball began after the Great October Socialist Revolution. In 1920. basketball is introduced as an independent subject in physical education institutions, is included in the program of sports holidays, is used as a means physical fitness in the Vsevobuch system

In 1922, the rules of the game were developed. They began to play basketball not only in the Russian Federation, but also in Central Asia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasus;

The first major basketball competition in our country was held during the 1923 All-Union Physical Education Festival. in Moscow.

Since that time, the game of basketball has rapidly spread and developed, the Soviet basketball school has begun to take shape. By 1939. it became clear that for further development the technique and tactics of the game need to radically change its rules. This was also dictated by the fact that the rules of the game in our country were significantly different from international ones.

New rules were introduced in January 1939. The first major competition held under the new rules was the match of 8 cities in 1941 (Leningrad), in which, in addition to the men's teams from Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi, Baku, Odessa, the national teams of Tartu, Riga, Kaunas, who had extensive experience in international meetings, participated.

This match showed that for the period from 1917 to 1941. Soviet basketball players created their own school of play, distinguished by speed of attacks and active play in defense. However, it became clear that there was still a lot of work to be done.

The Great Patriotic War suspended the development of basketball.

Only in 1944 was the eleventh national championship held (in Tbilisi).

The most rapid growth in the skill of Soviet basketball players has been noted since 1946. In 1947, basketball players Soviet Union enter into The International Federation basketball (FIBA) and take part in the fifth European championship (men's team), which they successfully win. In the future, our basketball players and basketball players participate in all international competitions: European and World Championships, European Champions Cup, Olympic Games (since 1952), etc.

In the Olympic Games 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964. the USSR men's team ranked second after the US national team, and in 1968 it was third. In 1967, the USSR women's and men's national teams won the world championship title.