Long wrist extensor - pain and soreness in the lateral epicondyle and in the area of the anatomical snuffbox.
Short wrist extensor - pain in the back of the wrist and hand;
Ulnar wrist extensor - pain mainly on the elbow side back area the wrist (muscle damage is rare and usually results from a serious injury such as a fractured ulna or frozen shoulder syndrome);
Brachioradialis muscle - the main pain is projected in the wrist and into the base of the thumb in the area between the thumb and forefinger, pain in the lateral epicondyle with soreness with weak tapping but its lower surface, which can also be caused by damage to the instep support of the forearm (with the defeat of the instep support, this pain is the main , whereas with a lesion of the brachioradialis muscle, the pain is inconsistent and diffuse, pain with lesions of the brachioradialis muscle rarely extends to the olecranon process). The muscle is often affected concurrently with the extensors of the wrist, the extensor of the fingers and with the instep support of the forearm, as well as the biceps and brachialis muscles.
Diseases such as carpal or carpal tenosynovitis or arthrosoarthritis of the small joints of the wrist have clinical manifestations very similar to lesions of the extensor muscles of the wrist and brachioradialis muscle. Combined such pathologies are very common. Residual soreness after muscle treatment means true joint or tendon inflammation. Lesions of the radial extensors of the wrist and brachioradialis usually occur together. The defeat of only one muscle, most likely, may be associated with damage to the extensor of the fingers of the hand or instep support. Lesion of the extensor ulnar wrist is rare without affecting the adjacent extensor parallel muscle of the fingers. The defeat of the brachioradialis muscle often develops as secondary to the defeat of the instep support of the forearm and the long radial extensor of the wrist, then the lesion of the long extensors of the fingers of the hand develops, especially in the extensors of the middle and ring fingers. The distal medial head of the triceps brachii may also be affected, with pain in the lateral epicondyle.
The short radial extensor of the wrist can cause compression of the radial nerve with a completely penetrated forearm with movement disorders in the form of weakness of the muscles innervated by this nerve (extensor of the index finger, long extensor of the thumb of the hand, short extensor of the thumb of the hand, radial extensor of the wrist, extensor of the fingers and extensor of the little finger as well as the long muscle that abducts the thumb of the hand) or sensory disorders in the form of numbness and tingling in the dorsum of the metacarpus and thumb (see muscle - instep support of the forearm).
Radial extensors of the wrist. Long radial extensor of the wrist. Starts from the lower third of the ridge humerus between the epicondyle and the attachment of the brachioradialis muscle, it continues with a tendon from the proximal one third of the forearm and attaches to the posterior radial surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone. Short radial extensor of the wrist. It starts from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament and to the intermuscular septum, passes through the thickest part of the abdomen on the border between the proximal and middle one-third of the forearm and attaches to the posterior radial surface of the base of the third metacarpal bone.
Elbow extensor of the wrist. It starts from the common extensor tendon, extending from the lateral epicondyle and is attached by a tendon to the ulnar surface of the base of the fifth metacarpal bone.
Brachioradialis muscle. Starting from the lower lateral third of the humerus, from the ridge of the humerus, passing into the lateral epicondyle, the humerus and the lateral intermuscular septum below the penetration site of its radial nerve and is attached by a tendon to the styloid process of the radial bone, connecting with nearby ligaments (some muscle fibers can be attached to several carpal bones and to the third metacarpal bone).
Radial extensors of the wrist. Both muscles: Extension of the wrist in the wrist joint is mainly carried out by the short radial extensor of the wrist together with the ulnar extensor of the wrist and the extensors of the fingers of the hand; Abduction of the hand in the wrist joint (deviation to the radial side) is mainly carried out by the long radial extensor of the wrist together with the radial flexor of the wrist.
Elbow extensor of the wrist. Extension of the hand in the wrist joint (together with the radial extensors of the hand). The muscle is the main antagonist of wrist flexion at the wrist joint. Adduction of the hand in the wrist joint (deviation to the elbow side) is the main action, together with the wrist flexor.
Brachioradialis muscle. Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint (main function), especially when the arm is in a neutral position. Bringing the forearm to a neutral middle position from a pronation or supination position. The muscle takes limited part in pronation and very little (if at all) participates in forearm supination. Approximation of articular surfaces elbow joint when flexing the joint (in contrast to the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, which separate them somewhat). Abduction of the hand in the wrist joint (deviation to the radial side) (with atypical attachment of the muscle to the scaphoid or to the third metacarpal bone) together with the long radial extensor of the wrist.
Extendors and instep muscles of the hand - Guidance test - standing position. Execution: in a standing position, the patient directs the tips of the fingers of the hands down or up so that the bases of the palms fit snugly against each other. If the bases of the palms of the hands do not fit tightly to each other and a gap remains, then there is a functional block of the wrist joint for extension.
Wrist extensors and brachioradialis muscle - Stretch mobilization and post-isometric relaxation - sitting or supine position. Starting position and direction for stretching: Long and short radial extensors of the wrist. The affected arm is straightened at the elbow joint, the hand is pronated. The direction for stretching is flexion of the pronated hand at the wrist joint. Elbow extensor of the wrist. The position of the elbow does not matter. The direction for stretching is flexion and supination of the wrist in the wrist joint. Brachioradialis muscle. The arm is straightened at the elbow joint, the ulnar fossa is facing up, the elbow is pressed against the support (to prevent internal rotation of the shoulder), the forearm is fully pronated, the hand is pronated and deflected towards the elbow (hand abduction). The direction for stretching is flexion of the pronated hand. Doctor: standing on the side. For treatment in a sitting position, the doctor grabs the patient's shoulder with the axillary fossa with his opposite arm, and the elbow joint with the hand of this arm. The hand of the same name is located on the back of the patient's left hand. Exercise: Stretching mobilization. The doctor gradually and slowly increases the amplitude of the initial displacement of the hand. Post-isometric relaxation. 1. The doctor performs preliminary passive stretching of the muscle by increasing the initial displacement of the hand with a small effort until a light springy comfortable feeling of tissue tension (elastic barrier) appears and holds it for 3-5 s to adapt (accustom) the muscle to stretching. 2. The patient looks up, breathes in slowly and smoothly, holds his breath and tries to contract the muscle, bringing the hand to a neutral position with minimal effort against an adequate light resistance of the doctor for 7-9 s. 3. The patient exhales slowly and smoothly, smoothly relaxes the muscles and looks down, and the doctor performs an additional soft smooth passive stretching of the muscle increasing the volume of the initial displacement of the hand with minimal effort until some springy resistance (tension) of the tissues appears or until slight pain appears within 5- 10 sec. In this new extended position, the muscle is held in tension for repetition of isometric work. 4. The technique is repeated 4-6 times without interrupting the stretching force between repetitions by carefully holding the muscle in a stretched state and without returning it to a neutral position. Self post-isometric relaxation. It is done in the same way. For isometric loading and subsequent stretching of the muscle, pressure is used with the free hand on the wrist of the affected hand. Note: some manual therapy manuals recommend treatment of the radial extensors of the hand in the flexion position of the forearm, treatment of the ulnar extensor of the hand in the pronation position without deviating it in any direction.
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Muscle pain above or below the elbow
Muscle soreness is a symptom of injury muscle fibers... Such changes can be associated with both mechanical injuries with excessive stress on the muscles, and with serious diseases of the muscle tissue. The localization of pain and the patient's lifestyle also has great importance when diagnosing the cause of the disease and choosing a method of treatment. For example, if the muscles of the arm above the elbow hurt at professional athlete- we can assume the development of degenerative changes in the tendons of the biceps and triceps.
What muscles can hurt in the arms
In order to understand the source of pain, you need to know the anatomy of the muscles of the upper extremities. The muscular apparatus is responsible for the work of the joints, provides the mobility of the hands. All muscles are divided into 3 main groups, depending on their location and the joints on which they act.
Shoulder muscles
All muscles that are located in the shoulder area can be divided into 2 groups. They all originate near the shoulder joint and end at the elbow. When the muscle fibers contract, the flexor muscles cause the arm to bend at the elbow, and the extensors act in the opposite way.
The flexor muscles are located on the front of the shoulder:
- coracohumeral muscle;
- biceps shoulder muscle (biceps);
- brachial muscle.
Extenders - back muscles shoulder:
If the muscles in the shoulder are injured, pain is felt above the elbow, which is aggravated by the work of the shoulder and elbow joints. By the nature of the pain (acute, pulling, may intensify in movement or at rest), as well as the results of additional studies, it is possible to determine its cause and begin treatment.
Understanding the anatomy of the muscles of the upper extremities will help determine the source and cause of pain
Forearm muscles
The largest muscle of the forearm is the brachioradialis, it flexes the arm at the elbow. The rest of the muscles are responsible for the work of the wrist joint, ensuring its flexion and extension.
The wrist flexors are a group of muscles that are located on the front of the forearm:
- radial and ulnar flexors of the wrist;
- long palmar muscle.
The wrist extensors are a group of muscles that are located on the back of the forearm:
- extensor of the wrist;
- short and long radial extensors of the wrist.
If the muscles in the forearm are injured, pain is felt below the elbow. Such disorders affect the work of the elbow and wrist - the movements of these joints cause painful sensations.
Muscles of the hand
On the hands there are a large number of small muscles that move all the joints of the fingers. These muscles can be injured in everyday life by careless movements. In this case, pain is felt in the hand or fingers, and the work of the wrist joint may be difficult.
Causes of muscle pain in the arms
Pain is a sign of the development of inflammation or dystrophic changes in tissues. By the nature of painful sensations, you can determine the cause of their occurrence.
- Acute pain is a symptom of stretching or rupture of muscle fibers, arthritis, neuropathic syndromes, and infectious diseases.
- Aching muscle pain accompanies osteochondrosis, arthritis, chronic muscle inflammation.
When diagnosing a disease, it is important to know about the patient's occupation. How intense sports loads and the sedentary lifestyle of an office worker can cause soreness in the muscles of the hands, but the cause will be different.
Trauma
The muscle consists of individual fibers that are able to contract, setting the arm in motion. They are elastic, that is, they can withstand a significant load, but with careless movements or performing complex exercises, they can be injured. The most common injuries are muscle strains and tears.
Stretching is a pathology that occurs when a muscle is not able to withstand a load. The prognosis for this phenomenon is favorable, since the integrity of the muscle is not violated. Stretching can be suspected by its characteristic features:
- moderate soreness that worsens with movement;
- low muscle tone.
The first signs often appear at the time of injury. The patient feels a spasm, which prevents further stretching of the fibers and their rupture. Symptoms disappear within a few days, during this time it is recommended to limit the intensity of exertion, apply an elastic bandage to the damaged area. In the first few days, cold compresses are applied, then warming ointments are shown.
Special elastic bandages are selected individually and applied to the damaged area
Rupture is a more serious injury in which the integrity of the fibers is compromised. They are distinguished by a complete rupture and a partial rupture, when some of the muscle fibers remain intact.
Symptoms arise directly from the injury:
With a complete rupture, urgent surgical intervention is necessary, during which a suture is applied to the muscle. If some of the fibers are intact, the limb is fixed with a plaster cast. After removal, a recovery period of 6-8 weeks is indicated. During this time, the patient performs the set of exercises prescribed by the doctor, wears an elastic bandage, and physiotherapy is also useful.
Myositis
A number of symptoms are characteristic of myositis:
- intense pain that increases with movement, but persists at rest;
- limiting the mobility of the affected muscle, which affects the work of the limb;
- on palpation, muscle compaction is felt, the appearance of tubercles is possible;
- with prolonged chronic myositis, the affected muscle is visually thinner in comparison with the healthy one;
- the infectious process is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, weakness, and the development of purulent inflammation.
General symptomatic treatment takes place in 2 stages. In the first few days, cold is shown at the site of damage; for this, ice or cooling compresses are used. Then the inflammatory process is stimulated with warming ointments and rubbing so that it does not go into the chronic stage.
Muscular rheumatism
Rheumatism is understood as the processes of destruction of muscle tissue, which are accompanied by pain and inflammation. The causes of this pathology can be trauma, infectious and metabolic diseases, hormonal and nervous disorders, as well as stress. Most often, these diseases are diagnosed in middle-aged women.
There are two forms of the course of muscular rheumatism:
- Acute - begins with an increase in body temperature, then soreness and muscle tension occurs. Pain can change localization, that is, it manifests itself alternately in different muscles. Such signs continue for several days, then the disease can pass on its own or go into a chronic stage.
- The chronic form of rheumatism lasts for several weeks or months and in the future can accompany the patient throughout his life. The muscles of the hands hurt when the climate or temperature changes, hypothermia or stress.
Treatment of the disease is complex. Therapy begins with the appointment of antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Warming up physiotherapy procedures, therapeutic massage, treatment in sanatoriums have a good effect. Patients are shown psychological support, where a specialist will teach how to resist stress and pay attention to internal balance. In addition, the patient will be consulted about proper nutrition, so that all the necessary vitamins and minerals are present in the diet.
Joint pathologies
Diseases of the joints cause disorders of the entire locomotor apparatus of the hands. All such diseases can be divided into two main groups:
- arthritis - inflammatory pathologies that develop with injuries, joint infections, immunodeficiencies, nervous disorders;
- arthrosis - changes in the structure of bones and joints of a non-inflammatory nature, caused by metabolic pathologies.
Mechanical damage to the joints leads to limitation of their mobility, inflammation and muscle atrophy.
For example, after an injury to the elbows, the muscles of the forearm suffer, myositis develops. Treatment in this case is aimed at preserving the function of the joint. Fixing bandages are used, patients are prescribed a course of therapeutic exercises and medications.
Osteoarthritis must be treated at the initial stages, otherwise it will be difficult to restore mobility to the hands.
Osteoarthritis can be contracted at any age, but the elderly are at risk. Most often, the joints of the phalanges of the fingers are affected symmetrically on both limbs. It is not possible to completely eliminate the symptoms, you can only prevent the development of the disease and relieve pain in the joints and muscles. The patient is advised to get rid of excess weight, adjust the diet, prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics (pain relievers).
Nervous system pathologies
The limbs receive nerve impulses through the spinal nerves. They originate from the lower cervical and first thoracic vertebrae and reach the shoulders, to the elbows and then continue to the very tips of the fingers. Pinched nerves with cervical osteochondrosis or hernia causes a feeling of soreness and numbness of the hands, their mobility decreases.
Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a physician. In some cases it is shown surgery, but more often the symptoms can be eliminated with the help of therapeutic exercises, medications, nutritional and lifestyle correction. To support the spine, you can wear special collars that fix the vertebrae, relax the cervical muscles and prevent pinching of the nerves.
Infectious diseases
Bacterial diseases (influenza, brucellosis) often manifest muscle pain... They begin with an increase in body temperature and general weakness, then characteristic symptoms begin to develop. The diagnosis is made on the basis of laboratory tests, after which the doctor prescribes special drugs that destroy the pathogenic microflora. Treatment takes place in a hospital, then a rehabilitation period is shown to restore the body's defenses.
Pain in the muscles of the arms is dangerous symptom, which requires additional diagnostics from a doctor. Despite many reasons, the symptoms of many pathologies can be similar, and the treatment should be different. With an untimely start of therapy, there is a risk of transition of some pathologies to a chronic stage, which will continue to bother the patient for a long time. Even minor sprains require diagnostics and qualified medical attention.
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ATTENTION! All information on this site is for reference only or popular. Diagnosis and medication require knowledge of the medical history and examination by a physician. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you consult a doctor for treatment and diagnostics, and not self-medicate.
What can hurt your wrist
Department upper limb between the metacarpal bones and the forearm, formed by the eight bones, is called the wrist. This part of the hand is subjected to constant stress, since it is located in the most mobile part of the limb, so many are faced with the fact that the wrist hurts.
With prolonged and persistent pain in this part, it is important for the patient to immediately consult a specialist, since self-medication and ignoring the symptom itself can lead to irreversible consequences. In cases where the wrist hurts, you should seek help from the following doctors:
Causes of wrist pain
As a rule, many are faced with the fact that the wrist hurts when flexing and extending the hand. This significantly limits the mobility of the limb, and this condition can be due to various reasons. The factors that lead to the occurrence of such a syndrome include acute injuries and trauma, and various pathologies of the joints, muscles, bones and tendons can also be the causes of pain in the wrist.
Fractures, sprains and dislocations lead to acute injuries of the wrist of varying severity, accompanied by symptoms ranging from shock to deformity of the hands. There are cases when fractures of the wrist bones are not accompanied by acute pain, but proceed in a smoothed form.
IN Everyday life situations often arise when, after an unsuccessful bruise or fall, the wrist swells and severely hurts when bending, which limits the mobility of the limb. If the patient is not provided with health care, loss of arm mobility and other serious complications are not excluded.
Other causes of wrist pain are ligament tears, which are often caused by abrupt, uncharacteristic flexions of the hands. Symptoms in this situation are similar to those that occur with bruises - pain, swelling, and limitation of movement of the wrist.
Tendon abnormalities also lead to severe pain in the limb of the arm. Lack of timely medical intervention may well lead to complete or partial loss of hand mobility. These pathologies include tendon inflammations such as tendonitis, tenosynovitis and peritendinitis, which differ in the cause and location, namely:
- Tendevitis - occurs in the flexor tendons that connect the metacarpal bones to the wrist. Usually the disease occurs in athletes and people who constantly make repeated movements with a strong load on the wrist (builders);
- With tendovaginitis, the wrist hurts when bending thumbs hands, since the place of location of the disease is the tendons responsible for their movement;
- Peritendinitis occurs in the extensor tendons of the wrist joint and hand. With the disease, the wrist hurts sharply and the mobility of the thumb and forefinger is limited.
Carpal tunnel syndrome, or as it is also called, carpal tunnel syndrome, is an inflammation of a nerve that occurs when it is compressed between the flexor retainer and the three bony walls. Because of it, the wrist hurts sharply, there is numbness of the hand and the mobility of the fingers is complicated. Basically, the syndrome manifests itself in people whose activities are associated with increased activity of fine motor skills (artists, musicians, neurosurgeons, etc.).
Other reasons why the wrist hurts are joint pathologies, which are very diverse (arthrosis, arthritis, etc.). Their manifestation is due to many unfavorable factors, the consequence of diseases is serious complications, namely:
- Deforming osteoarthritis, in which the cartilage tissue of the wrist joint is damaged. The cause of the occurrence is improperly healed fractures of the wrist bones or genetic and metabolic factors. In addition to the fact that the wrist is very sore, with the disease, increased sensitivity appears when pressing in the area of inflammation. If the patient is not given help on time, deformation of the hand is not excluded;
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which small joints are affected, the wrist hurts sharply and severely, fine motor skills and general hand mobility. The patient needs careful treatment and care, because there is a threat of a chronic inflammatory process that affects vital important organs(heart, lungs) and violates the basic functions of the body. Lethal outcome is not excluded.
With pathologies of bone tissue, the wrist also hurts a lot, since they provoke an inflammatory process in the wrist area of the hands. Sometimes, after examination, it turns out that pathologies are caused by necrosis, which lead to complete or partial death of bone tissue.
Prevention and Treatment of Wrist Pain
In order to avoid the condition when the wrist hurts, you must adhere to a number of simple rules, namely:
- Observe the principles of proper nutrition;
- Perform brush massage during prolonged work at the computer;
- Be careful when performing traumatic work;
- Exercise regularly to strengthen your wrist muscles.
Timely diagnosis and early treatment of wrist pain are the guarantors that the patient will subsequently be able to avoid the development of many complications. Self-medication is strictly prohibited, since determining the root cause of the onset of pain is a difficult process even for a qualified doctor. Treatment directly depends on what caused the appearance of this symptom. If pain is due to injury, bruises, fractures, or stretch marks, the doctor will apply a bandage, cast, or elastic bandage etc. If the cause is pathology, either surgical or conservative treatment of pain in the wrist is performed.
Many people face a problem when their wrist hurts after a long time working at the computer or when injuries occur. It is important to know that you should not try to cope with pain on your own in such situations, since improper treatment can be fraught with disastrous consequences.
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Symptoms of the disease - pain in the wrists
Pain and its causes by category:
Pains and their causes in alphabetical order:
wrist pain
For what diseases there is pain in the wrist:
Wrist sprains usually involve either the ligaments that hold together the lower ends of the two bones of the forearm, the radius and ulna, or the ligaments that hold the bones of the wrist (carpal bones) together.
Sharp, strong bending of the hand back.
Sharp pain in the wrist
Limiting the range of motion
Wrist tendinitis is especially common due to the narrowness of the membranes through which the tendons in this area pass. Even a mild irritation of the tendons causes induration in the membranes and a symptom of tendonitis such as crepitus - a cracking sensation in the tendon.
The most common tendonitis of the wrist is caused by inflammation of the two flexor tendons that run through the wrist to the hand and fingers.
This can be caused by repetitive flexion and extension of the wrist in a wide range of motion (frequent swinging of the object).
Wrist pain worsens with activity
A cracking sensation in the tendons
Difficulty grasping objects.
With a long-lasting process above or below the styloid process of the ray, and sometimes on both sides of the styloid process, a dense swelling appears, resembling an orange seed - this is a thickening of the scarred common tendon sheath of the above muscles. There are four pathognomonic symptoms of stenosing tenosynovitis:
Passive elbow abduction of the hand, clenched into a fist, causes pain in the wrist in the styloid process, sometimes the pain radiates to the tip of the thumb or up to the elbow joint;
Passive extension of the thumb is painless;
Limited soreness occurs when pressure is 1–1.5 cm distal to the end of the styloid process;
Tenosynovitis occurs with unusual, excessive movements of the thumb (in pianists, tailors, telephone operators, when twisting wet clothes).
The cause of the tunnel syndrome.
The cause of pain in carpal tunnel syndrome is a pinched nerve in the carpal tunnel. Pinching can be caused by swelling of the tendons passing in close proximity to the nerve, as well as swelling of the nerve itself.
The cause of a pinched nerve in tunnel syndrome is a constant static load on the same muscles, which can be caused by a large number of monotonous movements (for example, when working with a computer mouse) or an uncomfortable position of the hands, while working with a keyboard, in which the wrist is in constant tension.
Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms.
With the development of tunnel syndrome, there is constant pain and discomfort in the wrists, weakening and numbness of the hands, especially the palms.
It should be noted that pain in the hands can be caused not only by pinching of the carpal nerve, but also by damage to the spine (osteochondrosis, herniated intervertebral discs) in which the nerve from the spinal cord is damaged.
The main symptom of peritendinitis is wrist pain. With changes in the lower part of the forearm, swelling is sometimes visible along the tendon. Finger pressure in the affected area causes pain, and with active finger movements, you can detect tender crepitus ("suede" creak), feel it, and sometimes hear it.
Osteoarthritis of the lower radioulnar joint occurs when an incorrectly fused fracture of the radius in a typical place, with a fracture of the forearm bones with a rupture of the lower radioulnar joint and dislocation of the head of the ulna (plus-variant of the ulna).
Symptoms of radioulnar osteoarthritis are pain in the wrist during pronation-supination movements of the forearm, painful sensitivity when pressed from the dorsum over the region of the lower radioulnar joint.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of predominantly middle age between 25 and 55 years. Usually chronic; the inflammatory process, which begins in the joints of the fingers and toes, spreads centripetally, capturing the elbow, knee, shoulder and hip joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis also occurs in early childhood, in which its course is modified by the age characteristics of the patient. In children, the onset of the disease is more often acute and, in addition to the joints of the extremities, the joints are involved in a chronic inflammatory process cervical spine.
The joints in rheumatoid arthritis take a fusiform shape. Flexion arthrogenic contractures and deformities develop rapidly, which are difficult to correct. If preventive measures are not taken in a timely manner, then subluxations and dislocations may develop in the affected joints. In severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis, the hands deviate to the elbow side. Deformities of the fingers with rheumatoid arthritis have two main reasons. The first reason is the destruction of the capsule and ligaments deprives the joints of stability, and the traction of the tendons leads to the development of deformities - the fingers deviate to the elbow side, subluxations appear, as a result of which extension is limited. As a result, flexion-extensor contractures appear in the fingers affected by rheumatoid arthritis. The second cause of finger deformities is "spontaneous" tendon ruptures. The tendons involved in the rheumatoid process are destroyed, infiltrated by granulation tissue and, in places where they are subject to pressure and friction, are torn. Most often tendons rupture long extensor thumb (m. extensor poll. longus) at the level of Lister's tubercle and separate tendons of the common extensor of the fingers (m. extensor digitorum longus) at the level of the radioulnar joint. The rupture is usually preceded by pain at the back of the wrist joint.
The first stage (onset) often appears after an injury that is painful for one to two weeks;
The remission period lasts several months;
Active period of illness with symptoms lasting several years, and
Osteoarthritis of the wrist joint with persistent, persistent pain.
Wrist pain, mild at first, worse with manual work. Painful sensitivity appears when pressing on the affected bone, as well as when tapping with a finger on the head of the third tarsal bone during sleepwalking and on the head of the first phalanx of the thumb when the scaphoid is affected.
Which doctor should i contact if there is a pain in the wrist
Are you experiencing wrist pain? Do you want to know more detailed information or do you need an inspection? You can make an appointment with the doctor Eurolab always at your service! The best doctors will examine you, study outward signs and will help to identify the disease by symptoms, advise you and provide the necessary assistance. You can also call a doctor at home. The Eurolab clinic is open for you around the clock.
The phone number of our clinic in Kiev: (+3 (multichannel). The secretary of the clinic will select a convenient day and hour for you to visit the doctor. Our coordinates and directions are indicated here. Look in more detail about all the services of the clinic on its personal page.
If you have previously performed any research, be sure to take their results for a consultation with a doctor. If the research has not been performed, we will do everything necessary in our clinic or with our colleagues in other clinics.
Does your wrist hurt? You need to be very careful about your overall health. People do not pay enough attention to the symptoms of diseases and do not realize that these diseases can be life-threatening. There are many diseases that at first do not manifest themselves in our body, but in the end it turns out that, unfortunately, it is too late to treat them. Each disease has its own specific signs, characteristic external manifestations - the so-called symptoms of the disease. Identifying symptoms is the first step in diagnosing diseases in general. To do this, you just need to be examined by a doctor several times a year in order not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy mind in the body and the body as a whole.
If you want to ask a doctor a question - use the section of the online consultation, perhaps you will find answers to your questions there and read tips on caring for yourself. If you are interested in reviews of clinics and doctors - try to find the information you need on the forum. Also register on the Eurolab medical portal to be constantly updated with the latest news and information updates on the site, which will be automatically sent to your mail.
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Beginning: lateral epicondyle, lateral intermuscular septum of the shoulder.
Attachment: base of the II metacarpal bone.
Function: extension of the hand, abduction of the hand (in conjunction with the radial flexor of the wrist).
Short radial extensor of the wrist (m. Extensor carpi radialis brevis)(3).
Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments.
Attachment: base of the III metacarpal bone.
Function: extension of the hand, abduction of the hand.
The ulnar group of the superficial layer includes 3 muscles.
Finger extensor (m. Extensor digitorum)(4); the tendons of this muscle at the level of the heads of the metacarpal bones are interconnected by fibrous bundles - intertendinous joints (connexusintertendineus). At the base of the proximal phalanges, the tendons are divided into 3 legs - 2 lateral and middle.
Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, articular capsule of the elbow joint, fascia of the forearm.
Attachment: the bases of the distal phalanges (lateral legs of the tendons), the bases of the middle phalanges (middle legs) of the IIV fingers.
Function: finger extension, wrist extension.
Extensorpinky(m. extensor digiti minimi) (5).
Beginning: splits off from the extensor of the fingers.
Attachment: the base of the distal phalanx of the V finger (together with the tendon from the extensor digitorum).
Function: unbends the little finger (V finger).
The elbow extensor of the wrist (m. Extensor carpi ulnaris)(6) has two heads: shoulder and ulnar.
Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the body of the ulna and the capsule of the elbow joint.
Attachment: base of the V metacarpal bone.
Function: extension of the hand, adduction of the hand (together with the elbow flexor of the wrist).
In a deep layer the posterior group (Fig. 95 b) contains 5 muscles:
Instep support(m. supinator) (1).
Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the instep support of the ulna, capsule of the elbow joint.
Attachment: the upper end of the radius.
Function: rotation of the radius, and with it the hand outward, supinatio; extension in the elbow joint.
Long muscle, abducting the thumb of the hand (m. Abductor pollicis longus) (2).
Beginning: middle third of the radius and ulna, the interosseous membrane of the forearm.
Attachment: base of the I metacarpal bone.
Function: thumb abduction, hand abduction.
Shortextensor of the thumb (m. extensor pollicis brevis)(3).
Beginning: radius bone, interosseous membrane.
Attachment: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
Function: extension of the thumb, abduction of the thumb.
Longextensor of the thumb of the hand (m. extensor pollicis longus)(4).
Beginning: the ulna and the interosseous membrane of the forearm.
Attachment: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.
Function: extension of the thumb of the hand.
Extensorindex finger (m. extensor indicis)(5).
Beginning: the lower third of the ulna and the interosseous membrane of the forearm.
Attachment: middle and distal phalanges (together with the extensor tendon of the fingers).
Function: extension of the index finger.
Muscles of the hand
M 
The muscles of the hand (Fig. 96 a, b, c) are located on the palmar surface and are divided into three groups: 1lateral muscle group that forms the eminence of the thumb, or the muscles of the eminence of the thumb (thenar) (muscles of the thumb); 2 medial muscle group, forms the elevation of the little finger (hypothenar), or the muscles of the little finger (muscles of the 5th finger); 3 middle muscle group, or muscles of the palmar cavity (palmamanus).
Rice. 96. Muscles of the right hand (front view):
but- the superficial layer of muscles (the tendons of the superficial flexor of the fingers are preserved); b- superficial; in- deep layer of muscles of the eminences of the thumb and little finger (interosseous muscles are removed)
Lateral group muscle is located around the 1st metacarpal bone, acts on the thumb (pollex) and includes 4 muscles:
short muscle, abducting the thumb of the hand (m. abductorpollicisbrevis) (1), lies on the lateral side of the eminence of the thumb;
short flexor of the thumb brush (m. flexor pollicis brevis)(2) has 2 heads: a) superficial head (caput superficiale); b) deep head (caputprofundum) , between the heads is the long flexor tendon of the thumb (m. flexor pollicis longus);
muscle opposing the thumb of the hand (m. opponenspollicis) (3), lies under m.abductorpollicisbrevis;
muscle adductor thumb (m. adductorpollicis) (4), has two heads: a) oblique head (caput obliquum); b) transverse head (caput transversum).
The muscles of the lateral group start from the stretching of the flexors (retinaculumflexorum) and the nearest bones of the wrist, with the exception of the muscle adducting the thumb of the hand, starting from the third metacarpal bone, and are attached to the proximal phalanx of the thumb and sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal joint, the thumb, opposite thumb of the hand (m.opponenspollicis), which is attached to the metacarpal bone.
Medial group muscles surrounds the V metacarpal bone, acts on the little finger (5th finger) and includes 4 muscles:
short palmar muscle (m. palmaris brevis)(5) (rudimentary cutaneous muscle);
muscle abductor little finger (m. abductor digiti minimi)(6) occupying the most medial position in this muscle group;
short flexor of the little finger (m. flexor digiti minimi brevis)(7);
the muscle opposing the little finger (m. opponensdigitiminimi) (8), lying lateral to the previous muscle.
The short palmar muscle (m.palmarisbrevis) starts from the inner edge of the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum.
Attachment: Woven into the skin of the little finger eminence.
The rest of the muscles of the medial group start from the stretching of the flexors (retinaculum flexorum) and the nearest bones of the wrist (pisiform bone, hook of the uncinate bone) and attach to the proximal phalanx of the little finger (Vfinger), with the exception of the muscle opposing the little finger (m.opponensdigitiminim), which is attached to the V ...
Function: matches the names of the muscles.
Middle group muscle occupies the intercarpal spaces, acts on the IIV fingers and includes 4 worm-like muscles (musculilumbricales); 3 palmar interosseous muscles (musculiinterosseipalmares) and 4 dorsal interosseous muscles (musculiinterosseidorsales).
Worm-like muscles (musculilumbricales) (9) connect the superficial flexor and extensor tendons of the fingers (4 muscles). Each starts from the radial edge of the corresponding deep flexor tendon of the fingers, attaches to the dorsum of the base of the proximal phalanx of the IIV fingers.
Function: flexion of the main and extension of the middle and distal phalanges of the fingers.
Start : ulnar side II, radial side IV and V metacarpals, attachment - capsules of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the II, IV and V fingers.
Function: adduction of the II, IV and V fingers to the III toe, flexion of their main and extension of the middle and distal phalanges.
Dorsal interosseous muscles (musculi inte-rossei dorsales)(Fig. 97 b) - abductors, 4 in number, are located in the I, II, III and IV intercarpal spaces.
Each muscle begins with two heads from the facing surfaces of two adjacent metacarpal bones and attaches to the proximal phalanges of the II and III fingers from the radial side (1st and 2nd dorsal interosseous muscles), III and IV - from the ulnar side (3- I and 4th muscles).
Function: abduction of II, III, IV fingers, flexion of their main and extension of the middle and distal phalanges.
Latin name extensor - extensor; carpi - wrist; radius - radial; brevis is short.
Muscle of the forearm of the lateral group.
Place of departure- Brachial bone.
Place of attachment- Base of the III metacarpal bone.
Action- Extends the brush.
Innervation- C5- 7.
Blood supply- a. radialis, a. recurrens radialis.
Finger extensor / Musculus extensor digitorum
Latin name exstensor - extensor; digit - finger.
Part of the surface group. Each extensor tendon of the fingers extends above each metacarpophalangeal joint, forming a triangular membranous plate called the extensor sheath or extensor stretch, to which the vermiform and interosseous muscles of the hand attach. The little finger extensor and the index finger extensor also attach to the membranous plate.
Place of departure- Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Place of attachment- Dorsal surfaces of all phalanges of four fingers.
Action- Extends the fingers (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints). Participates in the abduction (divergence) of the fingers from the middle finger.
Innervation
Blood supply- Recurrent interosseous artery and posterior interosseous artery through the common interosseous artery (from the ulnar artery).
Example: dropping objects held in hand.
Short extensor of the thumb of the hand / Musculus extensor pollicis brevis
Latin name extensor - to unbend; pollicis - thumb; brevis is short.
It is part of the deep muscle group. Lies distal to the longus muscle, leading to the thumb, to which it is closely attached.
Place of departure- The posterior surface of the radius, distally from the origin of the long muscle that abducts the thumb. The adjacent part of the interosseous membrane.
Place of attachment- Base of the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
Action- Extends the thumb of the hand. Eliminates the wrist.
Innervation- Deep radial (posterior interosseous) nerve C6, 7, 8.
Blood supply- The posterior interosseous artery through the common interosseous artery (from the ulnar artery).
Basic functional movement- Example: opens a finger over a flat object.
Short radial extensor of the wrist, m. extensor carpi radialis brevis, somewhat covered by the previous muscle in the proximal region, and in the distal, it is crossed by the more superficially extending and extensor muscles passing through the thumb. The muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the radial collateral ligament of the annular ligament of the radial bone. Heading down, it passes into the tendon, which lies next to the tendon of the previous muscle in the sheath of the radial extensor tendons of the wrist, vagina tendinum mm. extensorum carpi radialium, is attached at the base of the III metacarpal bone. At the place of insertion of the tendon lies a small bag of the short radial extensor of the wrist, bursa m. extensoris carpi radialis brevis.
Function: unbends the brush and slightly removes it.
Innervation: n. radialis [(CV) CVI-CVII].
Blood supply: a. radialis, a. recurrens radialis.
- - m. extensor carpi radialis longus, is a fusiform muscle with a narrow tendon, much longer than the abdomen in length ...
Human Anatomy Atlas
- - m. extensor pollicis brevis, located in the lower part of the forearm along the lateral edge of its dorsal surface ...
Human Anatomy Atlas
- - m. extensor hallucis brevis, lies inside of the previous muscle ...
Human Anatomy Atlas
- - m. extensor digitorum brevis, a flat muscle that lies directly on the dorsum of the foot ...
Human Anatomy Atlas
- - m. extensor carpi ulnaris, has a long, fusiform abdomen and is located along the inner edge of the dorsal surface of the forearm. The muscle begins with two heads - the shoulder and the ulnar ...
Human Anatomy Atlas
- - m. flexor carpi radialis, - two-pinnate flat longus muscle... Located lateral to all of the forearm flexors ...
Human Anatomy Atlas
- - a grooved depression formed by the bones of the wrist on its palmar surface; in B. z. the flexor tendons of the fingers are located ...
Large medical dictionary
- - the space limited by the sulcus of the wrist and the flexor retinaculum ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
-
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
- - see the List of anat. terms ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
- - see the List of anat. terms ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
- - see the List of anat. terms ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
- - see the List of anat. terms ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
- - see the List of anat. terms ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
- - see the List of anat. terms ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
- - see the List of anat. terms ...
Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
"Short radial extensor of the wrist" in books
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- Brachioradialis muscle; m. brachioradialis.
Surface layer
- Elbow extensor of the wrist, m. extensor carpi ulnaris.
- Finger extensor, m. extensor digitorum.
- Little finger extensor, m. extensor digiti minimi.
The muscles of the forearm, mm.antebrachii, are divided into three groups according to their position: anterior, lateral (radial) and posterior. In this case, the muscles of the anterior and posterior groups are located in several layers. In the anterior group, the muscles lie in four layers.
First (surface layer)
- Round pronator, m. pronator teres.
- Radial flexor of the wrist, m. flaxor carpi radialis.
- Long palmar muscle, m. palmaris longus.
- Elbow flexor of the wrist, m. flехоr carpi ulnaris.
Second layer
- Superficial flexor of the fingers, m. flexor digitorum superficialis.
Third layer
- Deep flexor of the fingers, m
Fourth layer
- Square pronator, m. pronator quadratus
The lateral (radial) group includes:
- Braid muscle; m. brachioradialis.
- Long radial extensor of the wrist, m. extensor carpi radialis longus.
- Short radial extensor of the wrist, m. extensor carpi radialis brevis.
In the posterior group, the muscles lie in two layers.
Deep layer
- Supinator, m.supinator
- The long muscle abducting the thumb of the hand
Anterior forearm muscle group
First (surface) layer
- Round pronator, m. pronator teres, the thickest and shortest muscle of this layer. It begins with two heads: a larger, shoulder head, caput hwnerale, from epicondy-lus medialis humeri, septum intermusculare brachii mediale, fascia antebrachii, and a smaller, ulnar head, caput ulnare, originating from the medial edge of tuberositas ulnae. Both heads form an abdomen somewhat flattened from front to back, passing into a narrow tendon. The muscle goes obliquely from the inside out and attaches to the middle third of the facies lateralis radii. Action: penetrates the forearm and takes part in its flexion. Innervation: n. medianus (C6-C7). Blood supply: muscle branches aa. brachialis, ulnaris, radialis.
- Radial flexor of the wrist, m. flexor carpi radialis, two-pinnate, flat, long muscle. It is located most laterally of all the flexors of the forearm. In the proximal part, the muscle is covered only by aponeurosis m. bicipis brachii and m. palmaris longus, and the rest, most, of the muscle is covered only by the fascia and skin. The muscle begins from the epicondylus medialis humeri, septa intermuscularia and fascia antebrachii and, heading down, passes under the retinaculum flexorum to the base of the palmar surface II (III) of the metacarpal bone. Action: bends and penetrates the hand. Innervation: n. medianus [C6-C7- (C8)]. Blood supply: muscle branches a. radialis.
- Long palmar muscle, m. palmaris longus, has a short, fusiform abdomen and a very long tendon. Lies directly under the skin inwards from m. flexor carpi radialis. The muscle originates from the epicondylus medialis humeri, septum intermusculare and fascia antebrachii and, approaching the hand, passes into the wide palmar aponeurosis, aponeurosis palmaris. Action: pulls the palmar aponeurosis and takes part in flexion
It starts with two heads:
a) brachial, caput humerale, from epicondylus medialis humeri and septum intermusculare;
b) ulnar, caput ulnare, from olecranon, two upper thirds of facies dorsalis and
fascia of the forearm .Going down, the tendon passes under the retinaculum flexorwn and attaches to the os pisiforme. A number of bundles go into lig. pisometacarpeum u lig. pisohamatum, which are attached to the hook and V metacarpal bones. Action: bends the brush and participates in its adduction. Innervation: n. ul
n aris (C8, Th1). Blood supply: aa. collaterale, a. brachialis et a. ulnaris.Second layer
Superficial flexor of the fingers, m. flexor digitorum superficialis, covered in front m. palmaris longus and m. flexor carpi radialis, leaving a groove-like mark on it. The muscle itself begins with two heads:
a) brachio-ulnar, caput humeroulnare. long and narrow, from epicondylus medialis humeri et processus coronoideus ulnae;
b) radial, caput radiale. wide and short, from the proximal part of the palmar surface of the radius.
Both heads, joining together in a common abdomen, end in 4 long tendons. The latter, passing to the hand, lie in the canalis carpi and are attached to the base of the middle phalanges from the index finger to the little finger. At the level of the proximal phalanges, each tendon is divided into two and therefore is attached not at one, but at two points - along the edges of the base of the middle phalanges. Action: bends the middle phalanges of the fingers from the index to the little finger. Innervation: n. medianus (C7-C8 Th1). Blood supply
:aa. radialis et ulnaris.Third layer
- Deep flexor of the fingers, m. flexor digitorum profundus, is a strongly developed, flat and wide abdomen originating from the proximal half of the facies anterior ulnae and membrana interossea. The muscle is directed downward, passing into 4 long tendons, which, passing under the retinaculum flexorum, lie in the canalis carpi, located under the tendons of m. flexor digitorum superficialis. Then each of the tendons m. flexor digitorum profundus passes between the legs of the tendons of the superficial flexor of the fingers, attaching to the bases of the distal phalanges, from the index finger to the little finger. The tendons of the superficial and deep flexor of the fingers lie in the common synovial sheath of the flexors of the fingers of the hand, vagina
Fourth layer
The square pronator, m.pronator quadratus, is a thin quadrangular plate of transversely located muscle bundles directly on the membrana interossea. It originates from the distal part of the palmar surface of the ulna and attaches at the same level to the palmar surface of the radius. Action:
penetrates the forearm. Innervation: n. medianus (C6-C8). Blood supply: a. interossea anterior.Lateral (radial) muscle group of the forearm
- Brachioradial muscle, m. brachioradialis, fusiform, occupies the most lateral position. Somewhat below its middle, the muscle passes into a long tendon. It originates from margo lateralis humeri, slightly higher epicondylus lateralis, and from septum intermusculare brachii laterale. Heading downward, the muscle attaches to the facies lateralis radii somewhat proximal to the processus styloi-deus. Action: bends the arm at the elbow and takes part in both pronation and supination of the radius. Innervation: n. radialis [C5-C6 (C7)]. Blood supply aa. collateralis et recurrens radialis.
- Long radial extensor of the wrist, m. extensor carpi radialis longus, a fusiform muscle with a narrow tendon, much longer than the abdomen. In its upper part, the muscle is slightly covered by m. brachioradialis, in the distal part of the muscle tendon obliquely, from top to bottom, m. abductor pollicis longus and m. extensor pollicis brevis. The muscle starts from the epicondylus lateralis and septum intermusculare brachii laterale, goes down, passes into the tendon, which, passing under the retinaculum ex-tensorum, attaches to the base of the dorsal surface of os metacarpale II. Action: bends the arm at the elbow joint, unbends the hand and takes part in its abduction. Innervation: n. radialis (C5-C7). Blood supply: aa. collaterales (a. profundae brachii) et a. rec
Posterior forearm muscle group
Surface layer
- Elbow extensor of the wrist, m. extensor carpi ulnaris, has a long, fusiform abdomen and is located along the inner edge of the dorsal surface of the forearm. The muscle originates from the epicondylus lateralis humeri, margo posterior ulnae and the articular capsule of the elbow joint. Moving into a short but powerful tendon, enclosed in the sheath of the ulnar extensor tendon of the wrist, vagina tendinis m. extensoris carpi ulnaris, the muscle attaches to the base of the dorsal surface of os metacarpale V. Action: pulls the hand to the elbow side and unbends it. Innervation: n. radialis [(C6) C7-C8]. Blood supply: a. interossea posterior.
- Finger extensor, m. extensor digitorum, has a fusiform abdomen, and in the direction of the muscle bundles it is two-pinnate. The muscle lies directly under the skin, closer to the lateral edge of the dorsum of the forearm, and is bordered on the ulnar side by m. extensor carpi ulnaris and with m. extensor digiti minimi, and with radial - with mm
Deep layer
- Arch support, m. supinator, has the form of a thin rhomboid plate, located at the proximal end of the forearm from the side of its outer-posterior surface. The muscle originates from the epicondylus lateralis humeri, crista m. supinatoris ulnae and the articular capsule of the elbow joint, is directed obliquely downward and outward, covering the upper end of the radius, and is attached along it from tuberositas radii to the point of attachment of m. pronator teres.