Are curvy shapes good? And this is not a question of aesthetics, fashion and beauty standards. Overweight or obesity is a violation of the energy balance of the body, which is fraught with serious diseases, including psychological ones. What is the danger of being overweight, and what is it - correct weight that will make you feel good, says AnySports.

Excess weight is a scourge of our time. The main reasons for the "rounding" of a modern person are a sedentary lifestyle, a high-calorie diet and unnatural food products. Every year more and more people die from diseases of the heart and blood vessels, from diabetes and cancer.

What are the extra pounds fraught with?

1. Impact on blood vessels and bones

People with overweight blood vessels suffer, their constant companion is hypertension. This ailment occurs in obese people at a young age three times more often than in thin people. With unhealthy vessels, the likelihood of heart disease and is high. With vascular atherosclerosis, the risk of strokes and heart attacks increases.

In the blood of those whose diet is high in calories, there is an excess of fat. And under loads, it is also released from the "fat depots". As a result, cholesterol plaques form, which can lead to blood clots.

Fat people are more likely to suffer from joint diseases: arthritis, arthrosis, gout, osteoarthritis - and this is far from full list ailments. Excess weight not only overloads the joints, but also entails problems with the spine - weak back muscles lead to lower back pain.

2. Crazy hormones and diabetes

Often fat people suffer from diabetes. The cells of their body are no longer sensitive to insulin and do not accept, which comes from food. A constant excess of glucose provokes insulin resistance, which increases the likelihood of not only type 2 diabetes, but also atherosclerosis, heart problems, etc.

With overweight, global problems with the endocrine system often occur: testosterone and growth hormone decreases, which help the body use nutrients more efficiently and recover.

In men, the balance between estrogen and testosterone is also disturbed, which gives them a feminine figure. Potency problems are not uncommon. In women, the menstrual cycle may be disturbed and it may be difficult to conceive.

3. Disruption of the digestive and immune systems

The risk of stones forming in gallbladder... And in severe forms of obesity, the liver suffers, in which healthy cells are replaced with adipose tissue.

Another unpleasant phenomenon is visceral fat around the stomach, kidneys, intestines, genitals, etc. It usually protects internal organs, but when it grows, it can provoke many diseases.

Generally excess weight – swipe on . It provokes inflammation, cancer.

4. Psychological problems

Being overweight is most commonly associated with eating disorders. The reasons are both physiological and psychological. And the most alarming bell is weight, which is constantly increasing, that is, uncontrolled obesity.

In addition, fat people are prone to shaping. They often have significant low self-esteem because they are unhappy with themselves.

How to protect yourself from negative consequences?

To reduce your risk of health problems, you need to keep your weight in check. If you already have extra pounds - get rid of them urgently!

• To find out if you are overweight, look in the mirror and step on the scale;
• Calculate your ideal body weight. Body Mass Index is measured based on your gender, age and body type. The test can be taken;
• If it turns out that you are overweight or even obese - urgently decide how you can start losing weight! Review your diet, if necessary - consult with a nutritionist and psychologist (sometimes weight gain is associated with eating disorders). Add physical activity:, sign up for;
• Find support from a coach, friends or like-minded people - together it will be easier to cope with the problem!

Hello everyone, my dear readers. Today we will talk about a topic that will not leave anyone indifferent - what is excess weight, what diseases it leads to and how to avoid it.

Our conversation will begin by defining what overweight is. You will find out what weight is normal for a person, learn how to correctly calculate your weight rate.

We will also talk about the impact overweight on women Health... So, we begin our serious and timely conversation.

According to statistics, every year there are more and more obese and overweight people. Despite the fact that a healthy lifestyle is actively promoted, the planet is rapidly "getting fat".

The World Health Organization has defined overweight as:

Overweight is an abnormal accumulation of excess fat that is a threat to life and health.

In my opinion, short and clear. But how to determine for yourself the presence of this excess weight? For this, there is a formula developed by scientists for calculating the body mass index (BMI).

BMI is calculated using this formula: divide the weight (kg) by the square of the height (m).

A woman with a height of 1 meter 66 centimeters, weighs 60 kilograms. Her BMI will be calculated like this: BMI = 60 / (1.66 * 1.66) = 21.8.

A value of 21.8 is normal weight.

In order not to calculate BMI manually and at the same time find out if you are overweight, you can use the online body mass index calculator. On my blog, there is such a calculator at the end of every article. Use it to your health!

Outward signs of excess weight

Agree that the extra pounds did not appear unexpectedly. You have noticed changes in the body. Being overweight has its own clear signs. It is worth sounding the alarm if:

1. You don't get enough sleep at night or snore;
2. It is inconvenient for you to lead an active lifestyle and play sports.
3. Cellulite zones appeared on your body;
4. You are haunted by a constant feeling of hunger;
5. Your blood pressure often rises;
6. You experience discomfort and pain in the back, knees;
7. Your waist size and your weight are constantly increasing.

All these signs indicate the presence of excess weight and diseases associated with it. This is a reason to go to the doctor and get tested.

If you suspect excess weight, you must pass the following tests:

1. Blood biochemistry with a detailed lipid profile. Shows glucose levels, cholesterol levels, and helps to control the state of the liver. Indicate problems with the heart and blood vessels.
2. Analysis for hormones. It will help not only to identify the presence of excess weight, but also the causes of abnormalities in the body.

Causes of excess weight

It has always been believed that the cause of extra pounds is overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. Yes it is! But there are still a lot of reasons contributing to the appearance of excess weight.

• Diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, pituitary gland.
• Hereditary predisposition, improper eating behavior.
• Low content of vitamins and minerals in food.

All these reasons for the appearance of excess weight can be presented in each particular person individually or all together.

So, we have sorted out the signs and causes of excess weight. And now the main question.

How to lose weight

The most relevant advice: try to prevent the appearance of extra pounds, and if you already have them - lose them!

There are several effective ways to do this:

1. Diets.
2. Physical exercises.
3. Massage.
4. Homeopathic treatment.
5. Treatment with medication.
6. Surgery.

I will make a small digression about the latter. For overweight, this is an irrelevant procedure. Such an intervention in the body is shown in the third and.

And now more about how to deal with excess weight in less radical ways.

You should adhere to those diets that are carried out under the guidance of an experienced nutritionist and must take into account the individual characteristics and state of health of the patient.

Several of these diet schemes, I have already given in this blog.

Diet with existing excess weight, first of all, should exclude foods that contribute to the deposition of fat.

It is necessary to reduce the energy load of food. Exclude fatty meats, smoked meats, baked goods. Give preference to vegetables, herbs, boiled lean meat. Grain bread, fish, cottage cheese and other fermented milk products are allowed.

When following a diet, follow these simple rules:

1. Eat small meals, often at the same time.
2. Eat slowly and chew well.
3. Do not go to the store and visit hungry.

Exercise for overweight people

Run in the morning, do yoga, dance, go hiking. All these methods of dealing with excess weight are not only useful, but also enjoyable.

Even if the situation is critical, in no case put off the fight against excess weight until tomorrow. Get started today, now!

Fitness yoga is good for weight loss. Have you ever seen a complete yogi. Me not! The lifestyle of people practicing yoga is such that it is simply not possible to replenish. This is vegetarian food, meditation, exercise.

By the way, just recently a question came to my mail:

Can you run with a lot of excess weight?

Of course you can, but you should start gradually. With overweight, the heart suffers in the first place, so you need to be careful about heavy physical exertion. Start by walking and jogging. And gradually increase your exercise time and intensity.

Simple and affordable sports give good results in the fight against unnecessary pounds:

1. Swimming.
2. Nordic walking.
3. Badminton.

Overweight massage

In addition to the usual warming massage, specially developed techniques are used to combat excess weight.

Pres- and meso-therapy consists in influencing certain areas on our body. If this effect is carried out correctly, then a good local effect in the fight against excess weight is achieved.

Diet, exercise and massage, or better all this together, give excellent results in the fight against obesity.

Treatment of excess weight with homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies for overweight control include the use of dietary supplements. Cleansing the body. The use of herbal tea. On the pages of my blog, I have already repeatedly told how to drink the monastery collection.

Treatment of excess weight with pills

Excess weight is also treated with medication. At the initial stage, the metabolism is normalized. Give vitamins and nutritional supplements. In more serious cases, excess weight is treated with hormones prescribed by an endocrinologist.

Appetite-reducing drugs are also used. Just don't need to run to the pharmacy right now. First, consult a doctor!

The consequences of being overweight

Today, we have learned a lot about excess weight in women. We understood how it arises, we studied ways to deal with this ailment.

The problem of being overweight is not only appearance a person, this is an even greater additional burden on all organs.

So, what is the danger of being overweight if you do not fight it.

1. Diseased heart. He has to work doubly, pumping blood through a doubly enlarged body. As a result - high blood pressure, the development of hypertension. Excess weight threatens the appearance of cholesterol plaques. Which lead to atherosclerosis, strokes and heart attacks.
2. Overweight liver suffers... Eating a lot of fatty and salty foods, we create an unbearable load for this organ. The liver is full of fat. Steatosis develops - fatty liver.
3. Intestines too is under attack extra pounds. Constant overload leads to the development of gastritis, cholecystitis, dysfunction of the bile ducts. Overweight people suffer from heartburn and indigestion.
4. Endocrine system also reacts to being overweight. The metabolism slows down. The thyroid gland suffers. Hormonal disruptions occur. Reduced immunity.
turns out to be overwhelming. Overweight people are less likely to leave the house, it becomes more difficult for them to lead a normal life.

Being overweight can be a sign of such serious diseases as: kidney disease, hormonal disorders, thyroid problems. It can provoke the most serious diseases, including cancer.

It is very important: if you started gaining extra pounds quickly for no particular reason, be sure to see a doctor and get tested.

Dear readers, it will not be superfluous to remind you of the effect of excess weight on our women's health. This is especially important at a time when pregnancy occurs.

In light of this topic, it will be relevant to answer one more question from my reader Marina, 24 years old:

Why is overweight during pregnancy dangerous?

Firstly, weight gain during pregnancy is imperceptible. After all, there is also a general weight gain due to the growth of the baby.

Secondly, excess weight can provoke such unpleasant diseases as varicose veins, hemorrhoids, edema, high blood pressure.

Third, overweight mothers often have large babies. This complicates childbirth. In addition, pediatricians note that a child born to a mother with extra pounds, himself then suffers from excess weight.

I wish all mothers to always remember that we are the most important example for our children. From infancy, a child needs to be taught the correct eating behavior by example.

Try not to overfeed your baby. Keep track of its weight. If you suspect that your baby is overweight, show it to your doctor.

Concluding our conversation, I wish you to usefully apply all the knowledge gained. Our conversation is called “overweight - one step to illness”. Don't take this step and be healthy. Until next time!

I hug, your Anna 🙂

Lasciate ogni speranza, voi ch'entrate (from Italian, "Give up hope, everyone who enters here").

Obesity, or in a broader sense, overweight, is gradually becoming one of the most big problems with the health of the XXI century. It has numerous negative health effects, but is also regarded by many as a vital aesthetic problem.

Obesity is generally considered to be a disease in itself, but it can also be a symptom of other diseases. It follows from this that persons prone to obesity should conduct the necessary research to identify the cause of this disease, which should be treated. Who should take on this task? Often this pathology is dealt with by an endocrinologist. Is it correct? Let's see.

Determining the presence of obesity

The body mass index (BMI) is used to determine what body weight is normal for each person and is effective in adults (but does not apply to pregnant women). This index is defined as the ratio of the division of body weight (in kg) to the square of body height (in meters).

In order not to calculate quadratic equations, using a calculator, you can divide the weight by height (in meters, for example 1.76) and then again by the same number. BMI is considered a normal value if it is 18-25. If the resulting number is lower, it is underweight, higher is overweight, and a value over 30 indicates obesity.

The definition of overweight and obesity based on BMI "works" only if the increase in body weight is due to excess adipose tissue. Sometimes obesity can be due to other reasons, and BMI is then not effective: excessive body weight can be caused, for example, by edema due to various diseases, sometimes by overdeveloped muscle tissue in exercising people or using pharmacological doping.

There are various methods for objectively measuring your actual body fat percentage, but this is usually not required. Whether the increase in BMI is associated with an excess amount of adipose tissue or was it due to other reasons - in most cases, the doctor can decide after a small examination.

Causes of excess weight and obesity (more precisely - excess body fat)

A patient who has consulted a doctor about an excess of adipose tissue counts on help, and, in particular, on identifying the immediate causes. The ideal outcome would be if it was possible to detect a disorder, as a result of which the patient has such consequences as an excess of adipose tissue. Then, after recovery (elimination of the cause), the weight will decrease to the required level, without any forced changes in habits and in the mode of life. Most patients have such expectations in relation to the work of an endocrinologist; most of them consider their way of eating to be correct, and, at least, unchanged. So, why does overweight appear, if "once" it was not?

Sometimes it is possible to detect such a violation, which leads to this. Most often it is uncompensated (untreated) (compensated is not the cause of obesity), in men (deficiency of sex hormones), less often - (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome), other disorders are extremely rare, the discussion of which is beyond the scope of the manual for patients.

However, it should be emphasized that people who develop these diseases do not deal with the usual excess of body fat: in the case of (thyroid insufficiency), weight gain is at least partly the result of intercellular edema, and in patients with excessive amounts of adipose tissue the trunk is accompanied by atrophy of the muscle mass of the limbs.

Most often, nevertheless, no methods confirm the indicated violations, and the excess of adipose tissue is the result of an incorrect (excessive calorie content in relation to the required figures) diet. Such obesity is called alimentary or primary obesity, also sometimes simple (in foreign literature).

Primary obesity

As you know, the risk of developing alimentary (primary) obesity:

• characterized by genetic conditioning;
• increases with age, as the need for calories decreases.

Why it happens? Why is there an excessive appetite, an excessive intake of food in relation to needs, an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and a decrease in the need for calories with age? These questions are still in the "not known" category. Obesity research results can be summed up in the words: “we see a tree, but we do not see a forest”. A variety of hormones and other regulatory factors are known to affect adipose tissue storage, metabolism, or appetite. Unfortunately, scientists and doctors do not fully understand their significance in the case of primary obesity.

One of the few exceptions is the one described in another article, which is not fully understood today, although this phenomenon explains the problem only partially. In addition, the difficulties of diagnosis, the lack of studies on the effect of long-term replenishment of growth hormone deficiency and the high cost of treatment limit the use of these advances in practice. As a warning to potential questions, diagnostics are not mentioned in contracts and directives from the Ministry of Health regarding endocrinology clinics. Even if this clause is introduced, the research costs exceed the money spent as a result of current contracts, which makes it impossible to fulfill them.

Thus, obesity is the result of the coexistence of genetic and environmental factors. The latter, of course, include physical inactivity and poor eating habits:

• binge eating;
• meals at any time of the day (main meal in the evening);
• eating high-calorie foods (sweets).

Obesity consequences

Common cases include situations in which overweight / obesity is not a consequence, but the cause of other disorders, for example, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia (excessive levels of substances that transport fats and cholesterol in the blood), gout (joint disease caused by excessive deposition of uric acid) and many others. You cannot lose weight when using lipid-lowering drugs or antihypertensive drugs. But limiting excess weight can reduce lipid levels or blood pressure numbers.

There are also other serious diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (), in which this association with obesity is not so obvious: it cannot be revealed that excess adipose tissue is the cause of this disease, but the correlation is visible - obesity is often interrelated. Sometimes, by reducing body weight, it is possible to reduce the manifestations of other disorders.

Procedure for overweight and primary obesity

When overweight / primary obesity is already definitely confirmed, the question arises - what next? Further difficulties arise. As described above, with one exception, there were no studies providing the identification of "metabolic defects" that cause alimentary obesity in order to make a "metabolic correction" on their basis. The efficacy and safety of any drug that disrupts metabolism and allows you to “burn” extra calories, that is, get rid of excess body fat without changing your dietary habits and lifestyle, has not yet been confirmed.

Therefore, the solution is to change your eating habits and lifestyle. This raises the question, can this tactic be called "obesity treatment"? There is a psychological trap in this definition, because the very concept of "treatment" usually implies a passive position of the patient, whose only role is to "contemplate" the treatment, which in this case is absolutely unrealistic.

So how can you correct your obesity-promoting lifestyle and remove bad eating habits? Pay attention to the fact that laziness (doing nothing), like food, is pleasant, moreover, it is a manifestation of dependence, because these actions are on the list of deadly sins. Dealing with bad habits is absolutely like killing any bad habit and requires the methods used in the case of drug addiction. The purpose of our event will be as follows:

• increasing the level of physical activity;
• reducing the calorie content (energy value) of food.

Thus, you can imagine a method of dealing with this addiction:

Replacing the pleasant with the pleasant

There are many ways in which the pleasure of eating and doing nothing can be replaced with something even more enjoyable. All kinds of trips to the spa, active outdoor activities, subscriptions for health and beauty procedures, etc., help in this. nice, not to mention the very participation in this part of the entertainment industry. The variety of proposals, each time new ideas, also increase the attractiveness of lifestyle changes and make it possible to break the deadlock associated with old habits. It is only important that new habits “take root in the blood”, and that such impulses do not end at the very start.

You cannot afford to think that passive exercises such as massage or lying in the pool are sufficient to combat excess weight. There are too many passive activities that have been introduced into the assortment of businesses, sanatoriums and entertainment centers from a health point of view, but they are only an addition to active activities so that the proposal does not look too cruel, and the person believes that he has a choice (between Thai massage and hot stone massage, etc.).

Social support groups

This is a very important method - it is difficult to fight habits on your own, it is easier in a group. A significant role is visible here sports clubs, annual events, or simply groups of people running, swimming, walking or riding together. Also, the previously described activities of enterprises, sanatoriums and entertainment centers contribute to the emergence of social support groups and healthy sports rivalry. Thus, if you want to fight excess weight, you should consider joining a social support group.

Traditional methods based on "strong will"

In theory, volitional methods should be the most effective, although in practice our “will” is often insufficient to achieve the goal, but why not try. Therefore, it is worth immediately analyzing food habits and lifestyle, and then planning changes:

• Refusal from snacking between meals and the fight against "small hunger". Unfortunately, if you want to lose weight, you cannot avoid being hungry for some time of the day. In general, snacks between meals can be considered the main cause of excess weight, since patients, as a rule, neglect their influence and recognize it as insignificant and unimportant, while maintaining the false confidence in their consciousness that they do not make mistakes in the diet.
• Planning the amount of food (the number of slices of bread, desserts, hot, fruits) and strict adherence to these plans, despite the feeling of hunger / satiety. This is an extremely important matter. Many obese people, and especially those at risk of developing diabetes, may suffer from reactive hypoglycemia - a decrease in glucose levels within 2-3 hours after a meal due to excessive insulin secretion. This pathology is perceived as hunger and nervousness - if you hesitate with food, your hands instinctively reach for dessert, coffee with sugar, then fruit, and so on. The only way to break the “vicious circle” is to abstain from food. In order to cope with this unpleasant sensation, it is worth spending a little time and energy on gymnastic / athletic exercises.
• Change in lifestyle, finally and irrevocably - a clear establishment of the time of meals throughout the day, for gymnastic / sports training. Sometimes it is necessary to adjust / limit opening hours to find time for these activities. As already mentioned, it is difficult to hope for weight loss without being hungry during the day. On the other hand, everyone understands perfectly well that it is difficult at this time to count on effective work therefore, during the period of such an unpleasant state, you can refuse the most important work, for example, before lunch.

Metformin

In the treatment of obesity-related diseases such as or , this drug is used, the action of which is so complex, and the effects are so numerous that it can be included in the group of drugs that reduce body weight. Until now, it has not been proven to be beneficial in common obesity, and there is no hope that metformin will lead to weight loss without changing eating habits and increasing physical activity. Rather, its effect on weight loss is to facilitate adherence to normal eating habits by increasing insulin sensitivity and thus preventing the postprandial hypoglycemia described.

Medication methods - what not to use

There are many different medicines to help you fight excess weight. Unfortunately, most of them will not stand the test of time. Below is a concise overview of currently and in the past ineffective and ineffective pharmacological methods:

• Stomach Swelling Drugs - Stimuli associated with the presence of foods (or substances that swell) in the stomach suppress the cerebral appetite center and stimulate the satiety center. After a promising start, it turned out that the body adapts to these stimuli. These funds even worsened the situation - in order to induce a feeling of fullness now requires more food than before the "treatment". Therefore, an absolutely correct decision was made to refuse the use of this type of funds.
• Drugs that inhibit the digestion of food (most often, fat). The result of the action of these drugs is the elimination of undigested food, thus reducing its energy value. These drugs have not brought particular results in the fight against obesity, since they do not affect the center of appetite / satiety, which is key in this process, do not limit the pleasures associated with food, so their effect cannot be significant. Instead, there is a risk of strengthening negative habits, that is, lack of control over the energy value of the food product taken: "I am taking the drug, so why bother yourself with a diet." Currently, there is only one drug in this group: Orlistat (Xenical), a substance that inhibits the digestion of fats.
• Drugs that suppress appetite centers. There is really a problem here. Avipron, Mazindol, Izolipan, Meridia (Zelixa) - how many drugs have passed the tests. The story is always the same ... A drug appears that inhibits the center of thirst. Regardless of the chemical structure, the action of such drugs should at least partially mimic the action of psychoactive substances from the amphetamine group, since this is the essence of the effect. There are positive reviews about the action of the drug. After a while, it turns out that preliminary observations were too optimistic, in particular due to the fact that the drug does not provide a long-term effect. Descriptions also appear side effects- after all, it cannot be otherwise if the drug is a psychoactive substance, and its use is becoming more widespread and covers more and more large groups of patients. Thus, a decision is made to withdraw the drug from the market. Is this the right decision? The last decision on Meridia (Zelix) can be considered controversial. Many other drugs are known, with unproven or minor therapeutic effects, and each drug can cause side effects if abused or thoughtlessly used.
• Preparations that “enhance fat burning”. Once again, I would like to emphasize that there are no such funds today. In the treatment of diseases associated with obesity, such as diabetes mellitus or, a drug is used that could be attributed to this group (metformin), but the expediency of using it in the case of primary obesity has not yet been proven. Sometimes weight loss is observed after the use of various drugs, when the described action comes from the psychologically adjusted behavior of the patient: the use of expensive drugs induces changes, they "cure" by the fact that the patient is interested in what he eats, distributes motor activity. The black market, of course, offers many drugs from this group that can act as poison rather than medicine.

Pharmacological methods that can be effective

The European Medicines Agency has registered two drugs that are used in the fight against obesity. The first is Misimba, which contains naltrexone (a partial opioid antagonist known to be physiologically present in the central nervous system) and Bupropion (used in the treatment of nicotine addiction). These drugs are reminiscent of drugs used in narcology, and this is their concept of the mechanism of action. The previous effects of the pharmacological treatment of drug addiction were not encouraging, so their tremendous effectiveness cannot be expected. It is important to note the analogy between obesity behavior and addiction treatment behavior. When using complex psychological assistance, the described drug can be a valuable addition.

Surgical methods

Surgical procedures, now referred to as bariatric procedures, are one of the few treatments (in the traditional sense of the word) for obesity with proven efficacy and acceptable risk. Surgery obesity consists of interventions that reduce the volume of the stomach or create a “bypass” shortened path of food through the gastrointestinal tract. Previous observations are very encouraging. It also describes the effectiveness of these methods in the prevention of diseases associated with obesity (primarily diabetes mellitus).

Alternative to iodine treatment

If you have a sense of humor, dear reader, check out what can also be effective for obesity.

Fighting overweight is perhaps one of the pressing problems of our time. Many people, especially women, are actively trying to lose weight. True, there is a big difference between getting in shape, tightening your figure, and between getting rid of excess weight.

Excess weight Is a serious problem. And the point here is not even that excess weight interferes with a person, but that it negatively affects the state of health. Because of this, there is a heavy load on cardiovascular system, diabetes mellitus may develop. And this is only a small part of what an overweight person can comprehend. Therefore, of course, you need to pull yourself together and start losing weight, without waiting for Monday or a new day. And right now. After all, being slim is not only beautiful, modern and fashionable, but also good for your health. So, let's understand the reasons for the appearance of excess weight and the possibilities to cope with the problem.

Statistics show that every year there are more and more obese people. And this is very sad. Because their number is constantly growing, even despite the fact that now a healthy lifestyle is actively promoted in the media, and it is very fashionable to eat right and play sports, especially among women. People still strive to gain weight.

Overweight, according to the definition of the World Health Organization, is nothing more than the accumulation of excess fat in the body. This process poses a threat to humans. This definition accurately describes obesity. True, not all people understand that this also concerns their problem. Yes, obesity, yes, there is overweight. But not many people clearly realize that obesity is a disease. And for this you need to determine the body mass index. This formula was developed by scientists.

Please note that all you need to do is divide your weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared.

In other words, if a woman is 70 centimeters tall and weighs 65, then her body mass index should be determined as follows: 65 / (1.7 * 1.7) = 22.4. This indicator means that a person has a normal weight.

It is not necessary to go into the calculation of your body weight on your own. It is enough to go to any online calculator on the Internet and make the calculations automatically.

Determine externally excess weight

Extra pounds don't appear overnight. True, it is quite difficult to determine at what point everything became bad, and the weight became overweight.

Externally, excess weight can also be determined if the following signs are taken into account:

• You don't sleep well at night or you snore
• You prefer a passive lifestyle, and you are uncomfortable playing sports
• On the body, you began to notice "orange peel" or cellulite.
• You are hungry all the time.
• You feel the pressure rise
• Your back and knees are in pain
• You have noticed that you have increased in size.

Practical advice: If any of this is about you, then perhaps you should sound the alarm and start losing weight. Take action. First of all, it will not be superfluous to go to the doctor to get tested.

It is worth knowing that if you suspect that you are overweight, then you need to pass tests such as biochemistry, which will determine the level of cholesterol, glucose, liver condition. This analysis will also give a picture of the state of the heart and blood vessels. And the second analysis is hormones, which, by the way, will determine other abnormalities in your body.

Why does excess weight appear?

It seems that this is a trivial question, overweight is gained due to overeating and unhealthy diet. But it is a mistake to think that this is the only reason. This also includes a sedentary lifestyle.

There are other reasons for being overweight:

• Diseases of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, ovaries
• Disposition to completeness by inheritance
• Low content of minerals and vitamins in the blood.

Moreover, a full person can have these reasons all at once, as well as one by one.

Getting rid of excess weight

If someone thinks that there is a magic pill that will get rid of excess weight, then he is deeply mistaken, because doctors have not yet invented such a miracle remedy. You need to get rid of excess weight! Everything! There is no other way. By different methods, processes and ways, but this is a long work on yourself.

So, the most popular methods of struggle are:

• Diets and nutrition
• Body massage
• Physical exercise
• Drug treatment
• Operations
• Homeopathic treatment

It is worth paying attention to surgery... It is possible only with the third and fourth stages of obesity. In addition, this is a radical method, which is resorted to in the very last case. And for starters, you should try the standard and more forgiving ones.

Diet

In fact, it is impossible to lose weight without proper nutrition or diet. That is, you can't eat cakes all day, and in the evening you can't run around the stadium and breathe out calmly. No.

However, when determining which diet to follow, keep in mind the individual characteristics of your body. But in any diet, the foundation is laid: eliminate unhealthy foods that contribute to obesity. Fatty foods, sweet, baked should be excluded. The basis of the daily diet should be vegetables and herbs, as well as boiled meat. You can eat dairy products, rye bread and fish.

In addition, any diet assumes that you will:

• Eat small meals, but more often. About 5-6 times a day
• Eat slowly, chewing food thoroughly
• Purchase food in the store only when full.

Physical exercise

Excess weight and obesity are eliminated by physical activity .. Without this, too, nowhere. Because, losing weight, the skin loses its tone, sagging areas appear. This is where sports will help. And absolutely any load is important here. Love to run, run, go to the gym, do yoga, rock climbing, dancing. In a word, everything that the soul desires. Just go out for a walk, and there will already be activity.

But this problem cannot be postponed until later. Give up sweets right now or go to a workout. Especially popular in modern world yoga. It is difficult to imagine a complete yoga, which means that these exercises really help. Yoga is not just certain movements, but a way of life, including meditation and vegetarian food.

Importantly, some believe that physical activity, especially cardio exercise, is prohibited. But this is not true.

Of course, you need to start gradually, gradually increasing the load every day. With excess weight, the heart suffers especially strongly, therefore, of course, it does not need an extra load. Gently and gradually accustom the body to stress. Let it be just walking at first, then slightly increase the intensity of the exercises and their time. Most calories and excess weight are burned while cycling, swimming, nordic walking and playing badminton.

Massage

Various cosmetic procedures can be advised for those who are losing weight, which include rubbing, scrubs and wraps. Massage is also effective. Thanks to this, the skin becomes elastic, the hated cellulite disappears. Moreover, there is a standard warming massage that helps to reduce the shape of the body. However, there are other methods of massage that help in the fight against this problem. For example, preso and meso therapy techniques. They allow you to act on specific areas of the body. And if you do it right, then you can achieve an excellent result in a certain part of the body. In short, if you apply these three components together, you can lose weight decently. Massage, diet and physical exercises collectively help.

How homeopathy helps

In the beginning, we also prepared about such a method as homeopathy. It consists in the use of dietary supplements. At this point, the body is cleansed through the use of herbal tea. In particular, the monastic collection is very popular.

Treatment with pills

Medication is popular with those looking to get it all off quickly. If you use pills at the initial stage, you can bring your metabolism back to normal. There are nutritional supplements and vitamins here. But if the problems with weight are big, then here the endocrinologist prescribes hormones.

Important! There are medications that are aimed at reducing appetite. These pills are best used as directed by a physician, as sometimes the opposite effect can be achieved if misused.

The consequences of being overweight

As we said above, being overweight is a problem that can lead to many problems. The organs receive an additional load, and the appearance of a person suffers.

Common consequences include:

• Heart disease. How more weight, the more actively the heart works, pumping blood through the body, the mass of which is increasing. The pressure rises, and therefore hypertension develops. Cholesterol plaques may appear, which even lead to strokes and heart attacks.
• Liver problems. Weight increases due to improper nutrition, and salty, fatty food puts a load on the liver, which, overflowing with fats, begins to become obese.
• The intestines are suffering too. After all, he is in constant overload, due to which cholecystitis and gastritis develop. Upset stomach and heartburn are common in overweight people.
• Endocrine system problems. After all, the metabolism becomes worse, the thyroid gland does not work well, hormones fail, and the immune system weakens.
• Pain in the joints and spine. It is hard for the body to carry many kilograms. It becomes difficult to lead a normal life.

Being overweight is a serious problem because many internal organs are affected. In order not to provoke serious illnesses in yourself, you need to think about your problem in a timely manner and start fighting it. But if excess weight begins to come for no apparent reason, consult a doctor.

What is overweight? It is a field of research in endocrinology and dietetics and is of interest to many fields of medicine as one of the predictive factors of various diseases. According to statistics, children and adults are equally susceptible to obesity. Obesity is often accompanied by disturbed sleep, posture, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Against the background of increased body weight, it is recommended to conduct examinations more often, to follow medical recommendations for reducing excess body weight. To eliminate obesity, patients undergo a course of treatment with medication and physiotherapy correction. Many people have to follow a long-term diet. Complications of overweight are always serious, so it is so important to take care of your own health in the early stages of the development of pathology.

The nature of the pathology

Obesity (from Lat. "Obesitas" - nourishment, fullness) is characterized by excessive accumulation of fatty tissue in the human body. Pathology is characterized by a chronic course, since the processes of accumulation and preservation of fat in the subcutaneous structures last for years. In rare cases, patients gain weight within a few weeks. Mass disturbance, that is, the primary process, arises from overeating, inactivity, lack of correct diet... The development of complications against this background is secondary. All of them bring colossal harm to health and are often irreversible.

Obesity is determined not only by measuring weight, but also by measuring the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue. In clinical practice, the following indicators are of particular importance for determining body weight:

• body mass index (fat index or BMI);
• waist circumference;
• parameters of the ratio of the waist and hips;
• anthropometric indicators (measurements of skin folds).

Important! Body mass index is a determining factor in the clinical diagnosis of obesity. Patients can independently determine the possible risks of the appearance of pathology using routine weighing.

Obesity stages and calculations

Overweight in patients is classified according to the severity of the course according to the change in body mass index (BMI). Clinicians distinguish 4 main stages in the development of pathological fat accumulation:

• Stage 1 - BMI varies from 25 to 30 kg / m 2;
• Stage 2 - BMI fluctuates within 40 kg / m 2;
• Stage 3 - BMI varies from 40 to 50 kg / m 2;
• Stage 4 - BMI exceeds 50 kg / m 2.

Already at the first stage of the development of pathology, patients feel the first signs: nausea, shortness of breath even with little physical exertion, fatigue, sweating. Early obesity provokes an exacerbation of existing chronic diseases, entails the formation of new pathological abnormalities. Overweight is directly related to a change in the function of many internal organs or systems.

Calculation rules

Overweight is considered to be body weight at which the BMI deviates greatly from the norm in relation to the height and body weight of the patient. Today there are many methods for people of any age, but the simplest one is calculated by the formula: height in cm - 100. The resulting value should vary within an error of 10%. A strong excess indicates the presence of excess body weight. There is an example for calculation rules. So, height 180 cm, weight 90 kg. According to the formula, 180-100 = 80 kg. 10% of 80 = 8, which means the optimum for this patient is from 72 to 88 kg. Calculations indicate an excess of the recommended weight by 2 kg.

These calculations are rather approximate, which is unacceptable in the diagnosis of obesity with serious complications, as well as in childhood. To eliminate an error of 10%, doctors resort to calculating BMI using the formula: weight (kg) divided by height in meters squared. The calculations can be guided by the following example. Height 180 cm, weight 90 kg. BMI = 90 / 3.24 = 27.7. This indicator means overweight.

Weight control can be done at home. It is necessary to weigh yourself every morning, on an empty stomach, after using the toilet. For data accuracy, it is best to weigh yourself without clothes or wearing the same clothes. In addition to weighing, you can measure the waist circumference once a week to determine the redistribution of fat by doctors over a certain period of time.

Physiology

Physiological or metabolic processes in overweight is a change in the composition and volume of fats, proteins, carbohydrates. The mechanism of fat formation is due precisely to disorders in the digestion and assimilation of these main components. Entering the digestive tract, fats break down into fatty acids, fats, and glycerol compounds. One part is absorbed through the intestinal wall and distributed throughout the body for the implementation of biochemical processes, the other is deposited in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, provoking the accumulation of fat volume.

Carbohydrates in the complex processes of food digestion are transformed into monosaccharides (breaking down into fructose and glucose) and enter the bloodstream. In muscle and liver structures, monosaccharides are converted into glycogen, and in excess are deposited in the subcutaneous fat. Insulin is of key importance in the metabolism of carbohydrate-containing compounds. It is he who converts glucose into glycogen, deposits it in adipose tissue.

Leptin plays an important role in fat metabolites, which prevents excess fat accumulation. Metabolic disorders lead to gynecological diseases and endocrine disorders in women, provoke sexual impotence in men, and other serious pathologies on the part of vital organs.

Features in children

Determination of excess weight, as well as diagnostic measures, differ significantly from adults. The difference is due to the constant change in the height and body weight of a child at a certain age. BMI is especially difficult to calculate during puberty, during the period of rapid growth of the skeleton.

Girls during puberty and later have physiologically more body fat than boys. BMI indicators at one age can signal the onset of obesity, while at another they can indicate an absolute norm. In clinical practice, a special chart is used to determine the health of a child at different ages.

So, if the BMI of a child exceeds the BMI of other children by 10%, then it can be attributed to a risk group. If the BMI of a child exceeds more than 90% of the BMI of other children in the measurement group, then obesity is clearly taking place. Parents need to be attentive to the development and physique of their own child. High BMI indicators against the background of an active physical life, sports activities are a signal of the development of pathological conditions in the child's body.

Predisposing factors

The main causes of excess weight are considered to be violations of biochemical processes inside the body, caused by various internal or external factors. Triggers for the development of pathology can be considered:

1. Metabolic disorders. The mechanism for the development of metabolic disorders is simple - a person consumes more energy than he spends in a day. Abundance, excessive consumption of food, night snacks - all this leads to body fat.
2. Genetic factors. With a hereditary predisposition, the likelihood of being overweight (including diseases that lead to obesity) in children with full parents increases significantly.
3. Sedentary lifestyle. Sports and daily training consume fats, provoke the strengthening of muscle tissue, and prevent the deposition of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous tissue.
4. Lack of diet, bad habits. Alcohol (especially beer) contributes to the disruption of metabolic processes in the body, leads to the deposition of fat in the thighs and abdomen in men, women, adolescents. Eating food at different times, snacking on fast food and eating aggressive foods (salty, spicy, sour, fried) contributes to the development of obesity.

Lack of a normal balanced diet in children of different ages quickly leads to an increase in body mass index. In developed countries, it is customary to monitor the weight of the child, and in case of predisposing factors, engage in regular prevention of dangerous obesity. Of particular importance are active games and physical education at school and in kindergarten.

Symptoms and Signs

In some patients, a deviation from the normal weight, even in 5-10%, can cause certain discomfort in the form of heaviness, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, and the appearance of shortness of breath. With a significant deviation of BMI from the norm, characteristic signs are experienced by all categories of obese patients:

• severe shortness of breath with little physical exertion;
• bouts of hunger;
• violations menstrual cycle among women;
• swelling of the limbs, face in the morning;
• stretch marks (small striae) in the neck, décolleté, thigh and abdomen;
• arterial hypertension.

As the pathological condition develops, the patient's lifestyle also changes: physical activity decreases, the psychological state is disturbed. Adolescents tend to remain alone because of the ridicule of their peers, self-esteem and personality assessment breaks down. For many obese people, being overweight means being alone and eating too much. Psychological assistance is an important part of the therapy for this disease.

Effects

Excess fat always has serious complications, as it is a defining link in many diseases. For the prevention and treatment of almost any somatic pathology, weight loss or stabilization is important. normal weight, active image life and diet food... The negative effects of fat on the musculoskeletal system cannot be underestimated. So, even 3-4 kg of excess weight exert a daily load on the spine, lower limbs leading to the development of destructive and degenerative processes. Especially important are:

1. Cardiological diseases. With overweight, the heart needs to work several times faster, which leads to the development of hypertension and hypertension. Cholesterol accumulates in the vessels, forming plaques - a common cause of atherosclerotic changes, heart attacks and strokes. With hereditary or autoimmune obesity, the patient has a clinical history of left ventricular heart failure.
2. Liver disease. The liver suffers from the use of low-quality or aggressive food, alcohol. Liver structures are oversaturated with fats, causing fatty liver or steatosis. Complications of the disease can be cirrhosis and other destructive processes leading to liver failure and death of the patient.
3. Pathology of the digestive tract. The stomach and intestines are subject to severe stress when overweight. A distended stomach requires more and more food, the mucous membranes of the internal organs are constantly irritated. Obese patients often suffer from heartburn, flatulence, constipation, and unstable stools.
4. Pituitary gland and thyroid gland. The human endocrine system reacts strongly to weight fluctuations, responding to weight gain with hormonal disruptions, a decrease in immunity. The main danger from endocrinology is the formation of diabetes mellitus.

Important! Excess weight can cause kidney disease, the formation of oncogenic tumors of various localization and genesis. With increasing obesity, joint diseases begin to progress, patients experience severe pain in the limbs, limitation of mobility, up to its complete limitation.

Complications during pregnancy

During pregnancy, women undergo a mandatory monthly examination by a gynecologist to identify possible abnormalities in the development of the fetus. In addition to screening studies and ultrasound of the fetus, the woman herself is examined, revealing edema, the parameters of the growing abdomen, and the woman's weight. Tracking the dynamics of weight allows you to react in time to strong jumps in BMI indicators. The danger of being overweight during pregnancy is obvious. It can cause:

• the formation of varicose veins of the lower extremities;
• edema;
• arterial hypertension;
• hemorrhoids;
• complex and long labor because of a large child.

Weight gains during pregnancy imperceptibly, a woman allows herself more sweets, flour. Almost all family members are condescending to the woman's preferences during this period, which is fraught with unpleasant consequences for the body of the child and the woman in labor.

Treatment tactics

Before the treatment of overweight in children and adults, a comprehensive diagnosis is carried out for possible diseases that could provoke an increase in adipose tissue. Additionally, blood and urine tests of various directions are taken, instrumental studies are prescribed if necessary. Obesity treatment is always complex and involves the following stages:

• health food;
• playing sports or physical therapy;
• massage and hardware treatment;
• homeopathy and medications;
• surgical operation (vacuum liposuction is used).

It should be noted that surgical correction is a temporary panacea for excess weight and is ineffective if all other rules of a healthy lifestyle are not followed. When removing excess fat using a vacuum, it will return again some time after the patient's transition to the usual way of life. The method has many contraindications, a long recovery period, and complications.

Diet

To provide the body of an adult with all the useful and nutrients it is enough to use a single serving of 250 grams. Preference should be given to fresh, quality products. The basic rules of medical nutrition and any diet include:

• food in small portions, but often;
• adherence to the food intake schedule;
• "Slow" food with a long chewing of each bite.

Between meals, you should drink clean water without gas, brush your teeth. This way you can prevent hunger. The diet will be effective if the patient leads a socially active lifestyle, participates in many activities, is busy at work. It is only important to remember about eating at certain times (breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner). The last meal should be 4 hours before bedtime.

In a slightly overweight, you can drink a course of vitamins and drugs that improve metabolism. All medicines are prescribed by a doctor in a certain dosage, in agreement (if necessary) with other specialists in the medical profile. In severe cases, patients may require the help of a psychologist or psychiatrist. With a burdened clinical history, it is recommended to prevent the development of exacerbations of various chronic diseases in time.

Obesity is a chronic deposition of fat in the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Pathology is dangerous as complications for the health of children and adults, therefore it is so important to respond in time to any changes in weight. Playing sports, an active lifestyle, attending massage sessions and being attentive to your own body will allow you to maintain normal weight and make your figure slim.