Even then, fighters were known who won considerable fame in the German-speaking lands. One of these famous wrestlers was Master Ott. For outstanding services he was invited to his court by one of the Austrian margraves, and later he became an adviser to the German emperor Frederick II, who ruled from 1212 to 1250. Master Ott wrote the first manual on wrestling in Europe, in which wrestling techniques were presented separately from fencing ... More than a hundred years later (in 1388), a similar work by the master Hans Lichtenauer (13088) appeared.
Unfortunately, both of these books have not survived. We know about them from the "Fencing Book" by Hans Talgoffer (1443), who set out in detail the views of his predecessors and reprinted their illustrations. Analyzing Talgoffer's book, sports historian M.N. Lukashev writes: “The section“ Wrestling Art of Master Ott ”is very interesting for us. Like any other master of those times, Ott undoubtedly was a good swordsman... However, it seems that he was reputed to be the most skillful in unarmed wrestling. The fighting technique was then very tough. In fact, any of her techniques could be used both in competitions and in battle.
The most popular wrestling was among the townspeople, especially the Germans. Competitions of burghers included fencing on different types weapons, archery, stone throwing, cross-country running, obstacle jumping and of course wrestling! The rules of competitive wrestling were determined by the nature of the real fight. So, the one who fell to the ground was always recognized as defeated. The winner was considered the one who threw the opponent to the ground (and not necessarily on the shoulder blades) or made him refuse to continue the fight with a painful technique. Wrestling on the ground was excluded, but punches and kicks, including on the joints, were allowed. In a word, the same techniques were allowed as in a fencing duel.
In Talgoffer's "Fencing Book" there are 35 sheets of engravings showing the technique of performing painful holds, throws, as well as defenses against both. Painful techniques on the joints of the hands there are four options. This is the lever of the hand by pinching it in your elbow; bend your arms behind your back; eversion of the forearm during outside in the capture by the "knot". And also the lever of the elbow up in several varieties: on your arm, on your shoulder, when you grab the opponent's arm under the armpit. When it comes to shots, this is primarily the rear and front footpegs. Then there are two variants of the "mill", differing in the type of grip and the position of the opponent's body on the shoulders of the one who holds the reception. Also shown are throws with a grasp of the opponent's hands with one leg, a "mill" from the knee, strangulation with the elbow and stumbling to the ground. There is also a backward throw through oneself, with a leg resting on the opponent's groin, as well as a grip throw for both legs in front. Among the exemptions from grips there is such a technique as resting the palm on the chin.
Some techniques stand out for their exoticism ... If you wish, you can find flaws in other techniques. So, the grips used are not always appropriate. The most rational options have not yet been found pain levers on the joints. Compared to modern technical level a lot of struggle seems just naive. However, everything that is depicted and described in Talgoffer's book is by no means an invention of an idle mind. It accurately reflects the wrestling technique that was really used in that era. "
Following the works of Talgoffer, who, by the way, published the second edition of his book in 1459 and the third in 1467, the works of other authors began to appear. So, in 1511 in his own printing house in the city of Landegut (Lower Bavaria) a certain Hans Wurm published his book entitled "Struggle".
The "Book of Fencing" (Das Fechtbuch) by Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), the great German painter and graphic artist, the founder of the art of the German Renaissance, is also very interesting. This book, which exists in a single copy, was discovered more than two hundred years ago by Johann Büsching, a professor at the University of Breslau. Today it is kept in the Vienna National Museum. The book consists of 35 sheets with drawings (lightly painted over with watercolors) on both sides. Wrestling techniques are presented in it in 120 drawings, fencing techniques - in 80.
Dürer created this book in 1512, that is, a year after the book of Hans Wurm. The great German artist was able not only to paint, but also to wrestle and fence, he even successfully participated in competitions. When the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Maximilian I saw how skillful the artist was in duels, he invited Dürer to capture on paper all the techniques of wrestling and fencing known to him. However, the technique of wrestling in Dürer's drawings is no different from that presented in the books of Talgoffer and Wurm. The same twisting of the arms, punches and kicks, painful effects on the joints, footrests and throws. Only the drawings are much better in quality.
27 years after Dürer's "fencing book" appeared the famous work "The Art of Wrestling. 85 Receptions ”by Fabian von Auerswald, published in the university town of Wittenberg. In his book, von Auerswald reports that in his youth he learned the technique of wrestling from the most famous masters who then stayed at the court of the Elector and taught the sons of his princely favor and other princes, counts and masters.
In 1570, the Strasbourg fencing teacher Joachim Mayer published a volume of a unique textbook on fencing entitled “ Detailed description noble art of fencing ". In addition to the technique of fencing itself (with a spear, halberd, sword, epee, saber and dagger), many fighting techniques are depicted and described on its pages. For example, the techniques of twisting the opponent's arms in order to disarm, as well as throws in a fight without weapons. Mayer himself was primarily a famous fencing master who promoted the Italian style, and he considered wrestling only as an auxiliary means, primarily in dagger fighting (here four-fifths of all techniques are somehow associated with painful grips). After Joachim Mayer, Hans Lebkammer, Paul Mayer and other representatives of the style of wrestling, which later received the name "German wrestling" in sports-historical literature, published their works. However, in the New Time, its popularity began to wane.
A certain interest in the medieval "German struggle" arose again in mid XIX century. From about this time, manuals on self-defense began to be periodically published, the material for which the publishers drew from medieval textbooks. Thus, in Berlin in 1887, as the most modern and practical textbook on self-defense, Fabian von Auerswald's book “The Art of Wrestling. Eighty-five receptions. " In 1901, Hans Talgoffer's Fencing Book was published in Prague in three volumes. In 1907, D. Lornkoffer published fighting techniques from the book of Albrecht Dürer in the form of an album of drawings.
Interesting fact: in 1925, a certain doctor Vogt in his book "Alte und neune Kampfkunst" (Old and New martial arts) published hundreds of images of medieval struggle that he discovered in the manuscripts and books of the Munich Library. Next to these drawings, he placed drawings of similar techniques from jujutsu. With his book, Dr. Vogt tried to prove that there were systems in Europe that were not inferior to the Japanese art of wrestling.
But if the medieval "free-style wrestling" disappeared, then the national varieties of belt wrestling continued and continue to exist. For example, in Switzerland. The German-speaking Swiss, prevailing in the northern, northeastern and central cantons, practice the "schwingen" ("al-pen schwingen", "schweizer schwingen") wrestling, much like the Icelandic "glima".
In Schwingen, before the start of the bout, the opponents grab each other with one hand in the belt and with the other in the lower part of the short pants. During the fight, it is allowed to use the legs on the opponent's legs, throws over the thigh and some other techniques are used. To win, you need to force the opponent to touch the ground with your knees or throw him on his back or side. The time of the fight is not limited.
Among the French-speaking Swiss, who live mainly in the western and south-western cantons, there are two main types of wrestling: la lutte Suisse Hbge (Swiss freestyle wrestling) and la lutte au calecon (underpants wrestling). The first is a freestyle wrestling. Wrestlers go to the fight in trousers rolled up above the knees, or in special short pants. According to traditional rules, it is allowed to use a variety of throws with the legs, throws over the thigh, as well as to hold the belt, trousers and any part of the body (except for the face and genitals), including the legs. To win, you need to throw your opponent to the ground with his back down.
La lutte au calecon is a mixture of Schwingen and la lutte Suisse libre. With one hand, as in "Schwingen", the grip is made for the belt or for the tight leotard (pants) of the opponent, and with the other, as in "Free Swiss", it is allowed to act freely. However, kicking is prohibited. To win, you need to knock your opponent onto his shoulder blades. Freestyle wrestling is popular among the Italian-speaking Swiss, which allows grabs only above the waist and prohibits running boards, as well as throws with the legs.
In order for the reader to get an idea of the place occupied by popular wrestling in the life of the Swiss, we present an excerpt from one publication devoted to the competitions of the Alpine strongmen in the 19th century.
“The most enticing and interesting thing at these festivities is undoubtedly the struggle, purely national fun ... To spread this game among the people, it was introduced and made obligatory in all gymnastic meetings that, like a net, entangle Switzerland ...
In Appenzell, these exercises follow the dancing on summer days, but generally have the character of casual entertainment there, while in Entliebuch, Emmenthal, the Bernese Oberland and the Unterwald canton, special days are appointed for them, regardless of all other festivities, mostly in August. So, for example, they are celebrated at this time in Venernalt and in the great Scheideck at the foot of the Wetterhorn. The former are attended by the Grinderwald and Lauterbrunnians, and the latter are the Grinderwald and the inhabitants of the Gasli Valley. As far as possible, they try to choose some central point for these games so that the fighters of the neighboring valleys can also take part in the battle, because everyone is interested in who will win in the end. The winners try in every possible way to retain the glory of victory for themselves: for the future time of games, and the defeated, on their part, neglect nothing to reward their defeat.
In addition to the burning interest generated by these games, there is another striking feature in them related to the nobility of the characters of the mountain dwellers. Indeed, in such fun, where pride is so much hurt, one is involuntarily surprised at the complete absence of hatred and anger between the fighters. The victors triumph without impudence, and the defeated submit to their fate without shame, and both of them can shake hands with each other as friendly at the end as at the beginning of the battle.
When the festival of fighters approaches, those who wish to take part in it begin to make some preparations in advance: they try to avoid all tedious work, take care of their bodies and eat the most strengthening foods. In the morning, on the very day of the holiday, the competitors of both parties gather in the inn, each chooses an opponent for himself, and everyone drinks and chatters with inimitable complacency. At the appointed hour, the entire assembly performs accompanied by music at the head, the wrestlers walk in pairs, in front of them they carry prizes, and all this march to the appointed place, where a huge crowd of spectators is already awaiting. For the most part, such an area is chosen that would have the appearance of an amphitheater and was slightly covered with soft and small grass.
The court of experts, i.e. people who are quite experienced and perfectly knowledgeable have already taken their places, the rest of the audience has settled in a huge circle, in the center of which fighters are beginning to establish themselves. First of all, they throw off all the excess from their clothes and remain in the same shirt, stockings and pantaloons, over which they put on special short trousers specially arranged for a fight, reaching only to the knees and made of very strong material. In this form, the wrestlers must converge in pairs, following in a certain order, and adhering to the rule that the weakest fight first, and then the strongest.
At the same time, some general rules adopted by all the inhabitants of the Alps. Before engaging in battle, opponents must shake hands with each other, as a sign that they have no enmity with each other, and that the fight will be waged in the most conscientious manner. The chest and collar of the shirt should be unbuttoned and not at all constraining breathing, and the sleeves should be rolled up above the elbow so that all movements are as free as possible. According to the ancient custom, everyone should have the same costumes, most importantly they observe that there are no ties and laces, because during the struggle, especially if it continues for a long time and persistently, the slightest malfunction in clothing can decide victory in one direction or another.
Finally, the fight begins: the first pair of wrestlers enter the arena; their eyes burn with impatience and with confidence in success. They grab each other, chest to chest, right hand one tightly wraps around the waist of the other, and the left hooks on the bottom of his short pants. Sometimes they start the fight while standing, sometimes they kneel down, depending on how they feel more comfortable. It is strictly forbidden to use any illegal tricks and tricks - in particular, to smear the belt with lard, because this completely takes away the loyalty of the hand.
Experienced wrestlers drag each other around the arena for a long time, spin and push each other, waiting for the moment when it will be possible to deliver a decisive blow. At this time, they think of only one thing - to stay on their feet more firmly; their hands lie motionless, like stone, and at the end it is difficult to tell which of the two it belongs to; as soon as one gape in some way, the other immediately takes advantage of his blunder.
But sometimes it happens that both of them are not inferior to each other for so long that they are completely exhausted in the struggle, sweat pours from them like hail, they barely catch their breath and, finally, both lie on the grass. Here they are served a glass of wine, which they drink together, then stand up, rub their hands with earth to make them harder, and the battle resumes with redoubled strength.
While the fighters are only trying their strength, the deepest silence reigns in the circle, but as soon as one of them is raised from the ground, as soon as they grappled with their feet and a desperate struggle ensued, the whole meeting comes to life, everyone is watching the smallest details of the battle with extreme curiosity, and the party , betting for one of the fighters, encourages him with loud cries. Finally, one loses his balance, the opponent grabs him, lifts him, bends and throws him to the ground, but even here the victory has not yet been decided, and we must start again, because for complete triumph it is necessary to stretch the opponent twice on his back. When one of the wrestlers sees that he is about to be felled, he gathers all his strength, all his dexterity to fall on his stomach or on his side; and then he is not considered defeated. Rarely do such blows occur, as we witnessed in Scheideck, where one of the combatants lifted the other into the air, turned him over twice and then hit the ground with force ...
It often happens during these games that the strongest and most skilled fighters from both camps are the last to fight, and then the battle takes on a very special character, since the honor of the whole country then depends on the victory of one person. These two last opponents, equally terrible for each other, become defensive and content to prevent themselves from being defeated and thus make victory impossible for their opponent. As soon as they grab each other, they immediately calculate their position relative to each other, then bend their right knee and, to the point of impossibility, lean back with their torso. If even in this position one of them is still afraid of being lifted into the air, then he lies on his stomach and his opponent is forced to do the same. Then they begin to shake and squeeze each other, wriggling like snakes on the grass, expressing the extraordinary strength of the muscles, so that from the exertion and terrible efforts their eyes become bloodshot and their whole face turns purple. If none of these athletes can defeat the other, neither by perseverance, nor strength, nor cunning, then both of them rise from the ground, half-dead from fatigue and exhaustion, and exchange a friendly shake of the hand as a sign that they stand each other ...
Other games of the same kind, if they do not have such a burning interest, are distinguished by a variety and in great use among young people on Sunday afternoons, in some villages, where these games serve as entertainment in their free time. Usually several couples are fighting. The participants gather in a circle and jokes, witticisms and challenges are heard from among them, but no one has yet started to move. Finally, one separates from the crowd and steps into the arena: he undresses, takes off his shoes, puts on a jacket to fight and waits ... and looks around until one of those present descends in turn into the arena, and then begins fight.
The most interesting manifestations of these folk games are in Appenzell, in the Capuchin monastery, in the presence of the monks themselves. Once a year, in the fall, on the appointed day, healthy fellows appear at the doors of the monastery with various offerings, such as wine, fruits and firewood. As a reward for this, the Capuchins treat them to dinner, after which the tables are swept away, and the young people, instead of dessert, give a kind of performance in which the main role is played by the struggle. The Capuchins, standing on benches and chairs, admire the various scenes of this impromptu theater, and at times their laughter reaches such proportions and becomes so infectious that the fighters themselves adhere to it and completely lose the ability to continue the battle. This "partie de plaisir" is so widespread in the country that not only young people take part in it, solving their little quarrels here, but also famous wrestlers, famous everywhere for their reputation. They, so to speak, throw the gauntlet of challenge to the one who first wants to pick up and measure their strength with them, and appoint him a date on a certain day in the monastery. " (9, p. 370-375)
Fingergakeln championships are still held in some places in Germany and Austria. Elise Reclus once described this type of wrestling as follows: “This kind of competition can be found quite often in Tyrolean townships, especially during local holidays, or in places of worship, where many people gather on the days of fairs. The most common type of competition is the so-called "fingergakeln": two partners sit opposite each other at the table, then stretch out their right hands, bend the middle finger on this hand with a hook and hook it with the opponent's finger. As soon as one of the spectators gives a signal, the wrestlers begin to pull each other by the bent finger towards themselves. The goal of the match is to drag your opponent across the table. Sometimes in this struggle the nerve of the finger is torn and the finger remains bent for the rest of its life. "
The same Elise Reclus reports on yet another single combat common among Tyrolean peasants: “In some areas of Tyrol, the competition consists of the opponents putting a rope around their necks, then lying on the floor where the line is drawn, resting their hands and starting to pull each other. The winner in this fight is the one who will pull the opponent over the line to his side ... Sometimes the audience bets for the victory of one or another fighter. "
- Previous: About the traditional struggle of the German-speaking peoples
- Following: Warrior dances, games and exercises
Ancient rock carvings, ancient Greek statues, books and many other sources of information. All this tells us that at the dawn of civilization there was a concept of physical culture. AND history of physical culture, itsdevelopment, have existed for a long time.
Athletes of Ancient Greece
An athlete named Theogan, who lived in the third century BC. As a 9-year-old child, he carried a bronze statue over a long distance.
Milo from Croton increased strength and weight by gradually increasing the load. I took a calf and walked around the ring with it Olympic stadium... Over the years, the goby grew, and Milo's strength grew proportionally. They write what's on Olympic Games, in the struggle, Milo had no equal.
Someone Bibon in Olympia, lifted a stone weighing 143 kg with one hand. This stone was found during the excavations of Olympia. This information was carved in stone ... This is how the history of physical culture began at the turn of the century.
The power of the Middle Ages
In 1741, the Englishman Thomas Tophan, lifted three large barrels of water.The total weight of which was equal to 816 kg. He did it,with the help of belts thrown over the shoulders,.
Most famous in the 19th century strong man, k anadi Louis Cyr. Louis, with his own weight of 136 kg and at the age of 23, was the record holder. Press the bar with one hand - 124 kg. Deadlift - 860 kg. One-handed deadlift - 447 kg. Deadlift with one finger - 247 kg. Lifting weight - 1959 kg. Several of his records have not been broken to this day. It is understandable, they are too ordinary.
Strength endurance records
This is about lifting weights. Now records of strength endurance.
Henry Sarterial in 1987 squeezed 118 times, with one hand, a barbell weighing 33 kg.
Gilman Lowe in 1903 lifted a load on his back weighing 453 kg 1006 times. WITHusing belts, in 34.5 minutes.
In 1907, Lou Travis surpassed Low's record. I lifted this weight, in 9 minutes, 1000 times.
In those days, power numbers, like wrestling, were circus numbers. The strongmen fought in the circus for the amusement of the public. An example of great strength and wrestling technique was the Pole.
The history of physical culture in the XX century
In the early 20th century, circus athletes went their separate ways. For some strength athletics, just raising heavy weight... For others, building beautiful figure... The big-bellied strongmen are already of little interest to anyone. In those days, there were many athletes with excellent muscles. The most famous is Evgeny Sandov (Eugene Sandow). Sandow developed a system that helped to proportionally develop the muscles of the whole body. I don't know if he was the first in this question or not. But, on the statuette presented to the winners of the "Mr. Olympia" tournament, Sandov is also depicted.
Thanks to him, the world learned what a gradual increase in load and repetitions in weight lifting is. The system assumed one approach and did not provide a full load.
In 1907, Theodor Siebert improved the system. Assuming that three workouts per week, with two sets of exercise, will help you get results faster.
So ... slowly and gradually, the system took on the shape of modern strength training. And the history of physical culture acquired a new direction - Bodybuilding.
The first professional bodybuilders
In 1903, in New York, at Madion Square Garden, the "Most Perfect Man in the World" competition was held, became the winner, once an assistant to Sandow, and eventually became a celebrity himself. Contest hosted by athlete and promoter Bernard "Badi Love" McFaden. Then representatives of different types sports.
In 1940, the world learns about an athlete whose body has become the standard and evidence of what a person can give power training, and specifically bodybuilding. John used the potential given him by nature. Became a legend in bodybuilding, winning titles such as Mr. America, Mr. World and Mr. Universe.
In 1945, bodybuilding appears new champion-. In post-war America, he becomes the ideal man. Returning from the war, he personified courage and courage. A champion with an amazing physique.
In 1947, all his competitors are swept away by Steve Reeves. Titles in bodybuilding, obeying him one by one. "Mister West Coast" 1946, "Mister America" 1947-1948, "Mister World" 1948, "Mister Universe" 1950. Later he became a famous film actor. His most famous film is "The Exploits of Hercules" in 1957. Steve Reeves received the title of "Best Bodybuilder of All Time" - deservedly so.
The Dawn of American Bodybuilding
Organizes its own federation IFBB, so the bodybuilding industry began to gain serious momentum in the United States. The most famous federation, the NABBA, operated in England. Under her auspices, a tournament was held "Mr. Universe".Real, not Weider's, as many think.
In Santa Monica, bodybuilder Joe Gold opens his first Golds Gym. The beach itself, where bodybuilders from all over the world gathered, was nicknamed "Muscle Beach". Joe Gold, did not take prizes, being in old age, in good physical shape.
Competitions were held on the beach every week and demonstration performances bodybuilders, gymnasts, powerlifters, etc. There were also beauty contests. It was all pretty cool. Sun, beach, sea, natural tan, clothing appropriate for the setting.
Steve Reeves, John Grimek or Clarence Ross are walking along the beach, the reaction of others will be extremely positive. This is evidenced by numerous photos, videos and eyewitness accounts.
Bodybuilding: the wrong turn
The history of physical culture began beautifully. In the process of its development, it constantly changed and transformed. Many branches have appeared, physical culture is a complex generalized name for various kinds of physical activity. We saw it as a way to achieve ideal physical shape. Late 20th century, perfect physical form, has ceased to be considered as a combination of factors. Among them, strength, health, beauty, dexterity, flexibility. All this is gone, new methods of muscle building have appeared. Physical education, has transformed into modern bodybuilding. This kind physical activity became an industry, good or bad, it's not for me to decide.
Bodybuilding has come a long way, from the desire of people to be beautiful, strong and healthy, gradually transforming into a race for mass. The latter, alienated this sport from ordinary people. The modern "Mister Olympia" is very far from the performances of athletes on the "Beach of Muscles" in the 40s and 50s. Today, they are trying to return at least some kind of human appearance to bodybuilding. They come up with different categories, from Mens Physicist to Classic Bodybuilding.
I wanted to describe the path that bodybuilding has taken as the idea of a beautiful, harmonious, healthy and strong body. First, health was removed from it, then proportions, then beauty disappeared. Remained the life of the chemical mass ... and even then not all.
EGYPT.
The most striking illustration of the struggle in Egypt is the drawings on the graves at Benn Rassan dating back to 3000 BC. They depict three positions of wrestlers: two in a stance, reminiscent of the back and reverse belts, and one in a lying position on the ground.In the figure depicting a fight lying on the ground, the upper opponent tries to squeeze the lower one on his back, and he, resisting, makes a kind of half-bridge , and holds on to the upper leg.
It follows from this that in Egypt wrestlers were allowed to use full body grabs in fights, i.e. the fight was freestyle, and, in addition, it was required to put the squeeze on the enemy's shoulder blades. It is characteristic of ancient sports that the wrestlers depicted in these figures are wearing bandage belts. From the inscriptions relating to the reign of Psamennite, it is clear that there were special fighters at the court of the pharaohs, whose duties were to take part in competitions during the festivities.
ETRURIA.
On vases, ordinary witnesses to the life of the Etruscans, we do not see images of wrestling, but on the same tomb there are two drawings of the moments of wrestlers' fights. On one of them, the wrestler uses a technique somewhat similar to the current "tour de bra", and he himself, as is required in the current Greco-Roman wrestling, goes on one knee. On the other, a referee or teacher supervises the fight of the wrestlers, of whom one makes a certain "tour de bra". Opponents without suits and bandages, completely naked. The teacher is definitely wearing a professional costume that does not look like the usual Etruscan attire: a wreath on his head, an original cloak and a straight stick in his hand, which probably served for blows in the event that the wrestlers used incorrect techniques.
JAPAN.
Legends of Japan say that 2000 years ago, the famous strongman Noni-no-Sukune defeated Teiema in the fight of hercules, grabbing the opponent's legs and throwing him over his head. The colossal Teyema struck with such force, falling to the ground that he could not get up, and the winner, as usual, trampled him to death with his feet. Subsequently - continues the legend - Nonino-Sukune compiled a list of rules and techniques, using which<слабый мог бросить сильнейшего>... The custom of trampling the enemy to death was abolished by the same Noni-no-Sukune, who became either more humane in old age, or out of a sense of precaution so that he himself would not suffer the same fate in case of defeat by younger ones. Noni-no-Sukune is still considered the patron of Japanese wrestlers.
The legends of all times and peoples tell us about the same competitions and the struggle against a number of developed methods and rules: the monuments of the Mexican Incas, and the ancient Russian epics, and the legends of the Caucasus about Rustam the hero, and the Scandinavian sagas about the Vikings, and the epic of India about Nadya and Damayaiti ... Bypassing all this, we will stop at the fight in ancient greece and Rome, where a whole system of struggle has developed, which has passed through the Middle Ages into our time - first under the name of Greco-Roman, then under the name of French, then classical and again - Greco-Roman.
GREECE.
When talking about the struggle in Greece, two periods must be taken into account: 1) the heroic, Homeric and 2) historical.
In the Homeric period, the struggle is called<изнурительной силам>... Song XXIII<Илиады>talks about how Achilles arranged a competition for prizes on the grave of his friend Patroclus: the winner received<медный огненный треножник, ценою в двенадцать волов>; defeated -<юную рукодельницу>... Odysseus and Ajax fought. First, the opponents are grappled crosswise, and Ajax throws Odysseus to the ground. He rises and dumps his more strong adversary the footrest while falling on his chest. Achilles, as a judge, recognizes the fight ended in a draw and awards both equal prizes. Conclusion - the fight was free and it was necessary to recognize the victory either to throw the enemy to the ground several times, or to turn him over on his shoulder blades. The fight was not limited to a period, which is why its name:<изнурительная силам>... Before the fight, Homeric opponents wear special bandage belts.
How popular wrestling competitions were can be seen from the fact that<Илиада>, telling about the fight between Achilles and Agamemnon, he exposes the gods as judges of the fight, who, having become interested in the course of the fight and wanting to achieve any result, increase the strength, growth and endurance of opponents. The legend about the campaign of the Argonauts led by Jason to Colchis on the Argo ship for the golden fleece says that Jason, during a stop on the island of Lemnos, was the first to introduce the pentathlon (pentacle). Thanks to the introduction of wrestling into these competitions, the strongest wrestler Paley emerged victorious among the Argonauts. About the favorite strongman of the Greek epic of the heroic period - Hercules - we see an indication of how he fought in the description of his two exploits: with Antaeus, to whom every time he touched the ground, strength was added, and therefore Hercules could only defeat by strangling, when climbing high from the ground, as well as with the Egyptian robber Kak. Being deified as the most popular strongman of the heroic period, both by the Greeks and the Romans, Hercules inherited from them passed to the Gauls under the name of Pantophagus. The Gaulish legends about the exploits and adventures of Hercules-Panthofagus were retold by the French satirist Rabelais in 1532 in a book that became part of classical literature under the title. This world-famous book is signed by a pseudonym<Алкофрибас Нозье>.
In the historical period of the life of Greece, wrestling is such a favorite sport that the winners were showered with a number of honors. They were exempted from all taxes, had the right to occupy places of honor everywhere, fought alongside the king in battle (which was very beneficial for the latter), entered the hometown through a special breach in the city wall specially made for this purpose. Rewarding the winner with a triumphal entry or entry into his hometown through this gap, the strongman's fellow citizens showed that they were not afraid of any walls. At sports competitions in ancient Greece, which were of great public importance in ancient world, wrestling as a sport has appeared since the XVIII Olympiad. Since the XXXIII Olympiad, she has been joining in fistfighting. Just as running, also a favorite sport of the Greeks, demanded victory in a competition for one, two and many laps, as well as with full armor - so a wrestler, to be recognized as a winner, had to come out first in a number of competitions. He was required to overcome first one opponent, then five in turn and emerge victorious in a fight combined with a fist fight. At first, the nature of the struggle was purely amateur, they fought for honors. But professionalism was just around the corner: this was facilitated by too large monetary awards to the winners, which in Athens reached a fabulous sum of 500 drachmas at that time. These awards created a division of wrestlers into amateurs and professionals. Both those and others studied the techniques and rules of wrestling in special premises (gymnasium) under the guidance of experienced teachers from the old wrestlers. In the gymnasiums there were special equipment for training - weights (galters) and heavy hanging sandbags. Both during training and in competitions, the wrestlers rubbed their bodies with oil, and then sprinkled them with sand, and fought completely naked. After the fights, oil and dirt had to be scraped off with special hand spatulas, then the wrestlers went into a hot or cold bath... To recognize a victory, just as in the Homeric period, it was required either to throw the opponent to the ground three times, or to knock him over on his shoulder blades, and in the latter case, a fight lying on the ground (parterre) was allowed. At first, full-body grips were used, but over time, the code of rules for wrestling began to require the application of grips only to the enemy's waist.
The historians Pausanius and Diogenes Laertius say that the fighters of the historical period of Greece adhered to a well-known regime: after the struggle, they went to rest, ate milk cheese, wheat, the meat of a young goat and avoided drinking wine.
ROME.
The harsh morals of the primary<железного>Rome forced every citizen to strive for the development of strength. So the fight is<состязание сильных>, as Ovid calls it, was widespread as a sport among all strata of the Romans.<Энеида>Virgilia talks about the battles in the struggle of Aeneas and his companion, calling the struggle<показывающей превосходство перед всеми>... But over the centuries, iron Rome gave way to the pampered Rome of Caesarism, and at the same time, competitions in wrestling began to be exclusively professional in nature, and only captured gladiator slaves act in them. From the very word<гладиатор>it can be seen that the defeated in any kind of competition could face death (gladius - sword), and therefore the competition in wrestling, as in other gladiator fights, was fierce. For the first time, wrestling matches are mentioned when describing a holiday organized by Emperor Mark Fulvius in 186 BC. The competition in wrestling under Nero Ahenobarbus, who himself sometimes went to fight, and according to the custom of all rulers of all epochs and peoples, had to emerge victorious, reached an especially splendid prosperity. How great the passion of the Roman emperors was to act as professional strongmen in the circus arenas can be seen from the history of the reign of Commodus. This extraordinary build colossus, fighting the gladiators, after the victory stabbed his opponent if he seemed very strong to him (Commodus's defeat was not allowed due to his imperial rank). It is also a historical fact that victories in the struggle brought the imperial throne to the giant shepherd, the barbarian Maximilian. While in the troops of Septimius Severus, he attracted the attention of the latter with his extraordinary height and physique. The North, deciding to bring Maximilian closer to him as a bodyguard, tested his strength and endurance: Maximilian several times ran after the horse of the North around the entire camp, killed 7 legionnaires in a duel and overcame 16 strongest fighters who were in the North camp one after another. The start of his career was done, and after a few years Rome welcomed the Emperor Maximilian. Not yielding in appetite to Gargantua Rabelais, Maximilian, according to historians, drank a bucket of wine a day and ate 60 pounds of meat.
In the era of Caesarism, gladiators underwent no less training than the ancient Greeks. In their<палестрах>the workout was accompanied by baths and special massage... From the ranks of gladiators came the famous Spartacus, who raised the banner of rebellion among the slaves and threatened the existence of Rome - he also possessed colossal strength and was one of the best fighters <палестр>... The gladiators have developed a whole code of rules and methods of wrestling, partly borrowed from the Greeks, partly developed by the very conditions of competitions in the circus, where the defeated could face death. In view of the latter circumstance, the style of struggle of the Romans was free, the fights were of a rough, fierce character, and the defeated, naturally, was considered to be overturned on his back, as in a hopeless position.
FIGHT IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND IN A NEW HISTORY UNTIL THE XIX CENTURY.
In the Middle Ages, human strength was of tremendous importance, but in most cases, competitions were limited to armed combat. Therefore, in medieval chronicles, wrestling, as a competition of opponents without weapons, is not given much space. Moreover, wrestling was a sport exclusively of the masses, who were forbidden to engage in armed and equestrian sports, which were exclusively the privilege of the upper class. Most of the stories about the phenomenal strongmen of the Middle Ages tell us either about lifting fabulous weights, or about the deadly blows of their fists and swords. True, in these stories only crowned persons or knights appear. These are the stories about John Tzimiskes, Pepin the Korotkiy, Karl Martell, knocking down any strong man with his fist, Charlemagne, raising an armed knight in his palm, the giant Ekofer, Roland, who cut the rock in half at Rossenval, Betran Dugesclein, etc. It is reliably known from the chronicles and chronicles only that at all the fairs, among the mass of amusements, there were also wrestling competitions, in which special professional, strong men, usually distinguished by colossal growth and body size, competed, who wished from the population to measure their Forces with them. It is also known that in Western Europe then there were two styles of wrestling: one with trips, throwing over the head and head strikes; the other is purely forceful, reminiscent of Russian girth wrestling and partly modern Greco-Roman, but only in its power techniques. The loser was considered to be thrown to the ground. Professionalism in the transition from the Middle Ages to new story finds application not only at fairs - at a number of courts of kings and nobles, among the rest of the entourage there are special wrestlers who take part in competitions.
Undoubtedly, the invasion of the Tatars, for whom wrestling was their favorite pastime, had a great influence on the development of wrestling in Europe as a sport. The following excerpt from the diary of a Polish knight who was captured by the Tatars deserves interest:
<...Пары борцов, точно обезумевшие, схватывались около костров. Иногда падая в костер, они, не замечая ожогов, снова бросались друг на друга. Наградой победителю были две красивые полонянки и прекрасная лошадь с богатым седлом. Мурзы сидели неподвижно на коврах, наблюдая за борьбой. Награду получил тот, кто поборол всех остальных - <сильнейший между сильными>.
Meetings with Tatar fighters, who, like all the peoples of the East, allowed full body grabbing and footrests, made it especially popular in Western Europe<вольную>fight. She was joined by another very characteristic style:<единоборство ногой к ноге>, i.e. moving the enemy from the spot. The chronicles of the 16th century say that no one could defeat Louis Bouffler, nicknamed<Крепким>... Who knows, maybe Louis Buffler was helped in his victories by his ducal dignity, because, like the Roman Commods and Nero, some irresistible force made him strive for victories in the struggle and in the public manifestation of his strength: both Richard the Lionheart and Sultan Saladin , and Skadenberg, and Charles of Burgundy, and all the Saxon electors with Augustus the Strong at the head, and Peter I. The same is observed in the life of their courtiers - in our history an example is not far off: the lover of Catherine II Grigory Orlov and his brother Alexei considered their favorite pastime to fight the serfs of their peasants. The prizes were distributed in the reverse order: the Counts Orlovs awarded the strongman they had defeated, and the one who had the misfortune to defeat any of the counts could recall his struggle, sitting in a dog kennel chained to a chain. The struggle in pre-Petrine Russia, as well as later until the 19th century, was based exclusively on strength, and for victory it was enough to throw the enemy to the ground. His favorite technique was the front girth over the top of the body, which retained the name<русский обхват накрест>... Hence, it is quite natural that weight and height were of decisive importance, in addition to strength. Not the slightest attention was paid to dexterity, and footpegs were strictly forbidden and were considered for some reason<цыганским>reception.
In the 16th century, we already meet in the West a manual on wrestling: it was a book by Fabine von Arerswald<Искусство борьбы>, published in 1539. Then a book appeared under the same title, written by Nikolai Peters and published in 1674. In addition, the famous artist of that era, Albrecht Durer, left to posterity not many sketches, not few, like 119 pairs of wrestling in a wide variety of techniques.
The second half of the 19th century and the entire 20th century passed under the sign of Russian heroes. No country has given away so many strong men as the Russian Empire.
Here are the most famous ones:
The captain of the frigate "Raphael" Vasily Lukin, the hero of the Athonite battle during the war between Russia and Turkey, as if in plasticine pressed nails into the ship's wall with one finger and could hold a pood cannonball on his outstretched hand for half an hour. In one of the fights with the English sailors, he knocked six Britons to death with his fist!
"Russian Samson" Alexander Zass, a native of Saransk, did not look like a classic strongman, because by nature he was not endowed with tall growth and enormous weight - 167.5 cm and 80 kg, respectively, and the biceps, in comparison with the "balls" of Schwarzenegger's mile, looked like adolescent at all - 41 cm. However, the owner of such modest anthropometric data was rightfully considered the strongest person of its time.
Before the eyes of a crowd of onlookers, a coal-laden truck (the strongman's favorite number) was driving over the Samson, which was spread out on the cobblestone pavement. He easily lifted an iron beam-rocker with his teeth, at the ends of which sat two hefty assistants (the total weight of the "structure" - 265 kg), carried around the circus arena a piano with a pianist and a dancer dancing on the lid.
There is a remarkable incident that happened to him during the First World War. Alexander, who served in a cavalry regiment, was returning from reconnaissance. 500 meters before the Russian positions, an Austrian bullet wounded his horse. The scout did not even think of throwing a comrade in arms, but, having loaded him along with the harness on his shoulders, brought him into the location of his regiment with a march across rough terrain.
Pyotr Krylov - "the king of weights" - squeezed 114.6 kg with his left hand and bent the rails on his shoulders.
Grigory Kashcheev at the performances lifted a 640-kilogram beam on his belt.
Volzhanin Nikandr Vakhturov, a student of the great Ivan Poddubny, threw a 32-kilogram weight over a railway carriage. They wrote about him: "In terms of strength, not even a superman, but an ichthyosaur, and, moreover, twists double pirouettes." In the wrestling ring, he literally crushed the soft-boiled opponent.
The list of Russian strongmen is endless. That was the renaissance of the Russian knights.
PODDUBNY - CHAMPION OF CHAMPIONS
A whole era in the history of domestic and world sports is associated with the name of Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny (1871 - 1949). In 1903, Poddubny became an outstanding specialist in French wrestling. Possessing tremendous strength, he won the world title among professional wrestlers in Paris in 1905. Over the years, he has confirmed this title. For 33 years in a row, Poddubny did not concede the belt of the world champion in wrestling to anyone.
Introducing Poddubny to the public, the referees solemnly proclaimed: "World champion Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny has arrived to participate in the championship." To thunderous applause, a Russian hero in a black wrestling tights entered the arena.
Ivan Poddubny - and that says it all!
He spent 45 years of his life on a wrestling mat. At 56 years old, he became the undisputed professional wrestling champion for the last time.
Ivan Poddubny left the circus arena at the age of 70 at the insistence of doctors.
THE PHENOMENON OF IVAN ZAIKIN
The Russian hero Ivan Zaikin (1880 - 1948) demonstrated his phenomenal strength in the circus arenas. This is how one of his performances went. Ten people carry a sea anchor weighing 25 pounds into the circus arena. Then the athlete Ivan Zaikin comes out, easily throws the anchor on his shoulders and walks with him around the arena.
Another power number, more complex and difficult: assistants laid a rail or an I-beam on Ivan's shoulders like a rocker. Then 10-15 people hung at each end of the rail. Soon a large deflection appeared on the rail.
In one of the museums in Paris, Ivan Zaikin's "gift" is still kept: a rail bent by him into a ring.
ONE AGAINST 22
The famous Russian athlete Ivan Shemyakin (1879 - 1953) played a one-of-a-kind match with 22 amateur wrestlers with a guarantee that they would fight each one for no more than one minute. The match was played in one evening without rest or break. Ivan Shemyakin spent 22 fights on the mat in 18 minutes 48 seconds, putting everyone on their shoulder blades and spending less than one minute for each.
"WEIGHT KING"
Russian athlete Pyotr Krylov (1871 - 1933), who was called the king of weights, was not tall, but the relief and volume of his muscles were amazing. Performing unique stunts, Peter had fun talking with the audience. He lifted a horse with a rider on a special platform. Then two dozen people were accommodated on the platform. The strongman, putting straps on his shoulders, lifted this colossal load. Then, with a blow of his fist, he smashed several large cobblestones, broke horseshoes.
BOGATYR YAKUB CHEKHOVSKY
One of the places of honor in the history of Russian weightlifting is rightfully occupied by the name of the athlete Yakuba Chekhovsky. Even in his gymnasium years, Yakuba amazed his peers and teachers with his exceptional strength.
Later, the bogatyr wrestler performed victoriously in numerous French wrestling championships.
But Chekhovsky achieved his greatest success in strength exercises with live weight, where he truly had no equal. So, three trucks with the audience drove through the mighty chest of an athlete, 40 people were benting an I-beam or a six-inch rail on his shoulders.
Making the "bridge", he carried 10 people on himself, a platform was placed on his chest, on which a brass band of 30 musicians was placed. He threw up six two-pound weights and caught them on his chest.
Chekhovsky demonstrated a sensational power act: he carried six soldiers of the Guards regiment in a circle on one arm outstretched, for which he was awarded an honorary "golden belt". This power number has not yet been repeated by any athlete in the world.
In the early 1920s, Yakuba Chekhovsky was in charge of sports in the Petrograd military district. The last years of his life, Y. Chekhovsky was on a well-deserved rest, being a personal pensioner.
He died in 1941 in Leningrad.
It is appropriate to cite the physical data of the athlete: height - 180 centimeters, weight - 125 kilograms, chest volume - 138 centimeters, neck - 52 centimeters, biceps - 50 centimeters.
PLACED PILES FOR THE DAM
In the last century, the barge haule Nikita Lomovsky was known for his extraordinary strength on the Volga. In Astrakhan, he erected piles for the dam and, alone, hammered them with a cast-iron woman, which was barely lifted by eight people.
"IRON SAMSON"
For several decades, the name of the athlete Alexander Zass, who performed under the pseudonym Samson, did not leave circus posters.
For example, here is the text of the poster of the Russian strongman Samson during his performances in England: “Samson offers 25 pounds sterling to the one who knocks him down with a fist in the stomach. Professional boxers are allowed to take part. The prize of £ 5 is given to the one who bends an iron rod into a horseshoe. "
The famous English boxer, who tried his strength during Samson's performance, injured his hand on his abdominal press. And the rod in question was an imposing rod with a square cross-section 1.3 centimeters thick and a quarter meter long. Except for Samson, no one was able to even slightly bend such a rod.
In 1938, in the English city of Sheffield, in front of a gathered crowd, a coal-laden truck ran over a man sprawled on a cobblestone pavement. People screamed in horror, but in the next second exclamations were heard: "Hurray for Samson!", "Siwa for the Russian Samson!"
The repertoire of Alexander Zass's power numbers was varied. For example, he carried a piano around the arena by a musician and dancer who played it. The total weight of his load was about 700 kilograms.
"Iron Samson" caught with his hands a 30-kilogram cannon, which was fired from a circus cannon from a distance of 8 meters, he tore off the floor and held in his teeth a metal beam with assistants sitting at its ends. Two dozen people were lifting on the platform, lying with their bare backs on a board studded with nails, holding a stone weighing 500 kilograms on their chest. On his shoulders, Zass carried two lions around the arena on a special yoke.
SHOULD BE PUSHED BY A STEAM TRUCK
On the Perm-Tyumen railway, a steam locomotive failed, which could not move either back or forward. In this regard, one of the Perm newspapers reported that on July 10, 1905, a local athlete Fyodor Vesov shifted the locomotive of a freight-passenger train on the Shaitanka-Anatolskaya stretch (steam locomotive number 456) with his shoulder. It happened at the 355th verst.
ONE LITTLE FINGER
Russian athlete Nikolai Turbas showed an amazing power act: with one little finger he lifted three adult men tied with a towel from the floor to their knees.
WINNER OF LVIV
In July 1907, the Ukrainian hero, circus wrestler Terenty Koren gave an unusual performance at the circus arena in the American city of Chicago. He calmly entered the cage with the huge lion. The predator rushed swiftly at the man. The claws and fangs of the "king of beasts" dug into the athlete's body. But Terenty Root, overcoming inhuman pain, with a powerful jerk lifted the lion above his head and with great force threw it onto the sand. A few seconds later, the lion was dead, and Terenty Root won a one-of-a-kind award - a large gold medal with the inscription “Winner of the lions”.
KILLED THE BULL WITH A PICK OF A FIST
Russian athlete Pavel Kasyanov, speaking at the arena of the Madrid circus, agreed to go to single combat with a bull without a sword and mulets. In the presence of a thousand spectators, Pavel, seizing the moment, killed the angry bull with one blow of his fist.
SALTO WITH WEIGHT
William Moor-Znamensky (1877 - 1928), a Russian professional athlete, performed record power numbers. For example, he did somersaults with two-pound kettlebells in each hand. He squeezed two two-pound weights with his right hand, placing them one on top of the other.
MAN - "LIFTING CRANE"
Former employee of the Yaroslavl rubber plant, Alexander Vladimirovich Glikin, the profession was simply called: strongman. More than once he saved factories and factories from prolonged downtime and major losses.
At the personal suggestion of Sergo Ordzhonikidze, he was sent to work at especially important enterprises that were built and reconstructed in the 1930s. It is difficult to imagine that a person lifts a load of one ton from the ground, carries on his shoulders up to 40 poods, moves weights up to five tons, replaces one whole brigade of riggers.
And here is what the "Red Putilovets" large-circulation newspaper wrote about him then:
“Many factory workers will never forget such an exceptional event. Recently, a crane in a steel workshop was broken, which was moving molds for casting steel. Each half of this form weighs one ton. There were only 11 tons. The situation is critical, there is a big breakthrough in the shop. Who can lift such a weight besides a crane? It turned out that maybe not a crane, but ... a person. Glikin was invited. After two hours, the forms were rescheduled. "
TWO-LOOKED "TOY"
In 1948, an all-Union competition of strongmen was announced in the USSR. The terms of the competition were very simple. Every citizen over 18 years of age could participate in it. The winner was to be the one who lifted the two-pound kettlebell above him on outstretched arm the most times. Chernomorets Anatoly Protopopov set a fantastic record by lifting the kettlebell 1002 times.
FIRST WORLD CHAMPION
Grigory Novak (1919 - 1980) was the first Soviet athlete to become the world champion in weightlifting. European champion (1947), eight-time champion of the Soviet Union (1940 - 1951) Novak set 23 world records and 86 USSR records. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR and ... Honored Artist of the USSR.
DIKUL'S PYRAMID
Valentin Ivanovich Dikul (born 1947) is an outstanding athlete of our time. In the circus arena, he performed two unique power numbers: he held a one-ton metal "pyramid" on his body, and a Volga car on his back (the load was 1570 kilograms).
The uniqueness of these numbers also lies in the fact that the athlete performed them after a spinal injury. For almost seven years he could not move. With the help of simulators of his own design, he managed to restore the previous shape. Now V.I.Dikul heads the Center for Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Injury and the Consequences of Cerebral Palsy.
POWERFUL PUSH
On June 22, 1992, Aleksandr Simakhin (born 1954), a worker of the Livensky Aggregate Plant (Oryol Region), set an unusual record at a city festival. In 2 hours 40 minutes, he made a dash of a pound kettlebell 3130 times. The weight of the record holder is 87 kilograms 100 grams.
OVERCOMING YOURSELF
On May 1, 1990, Viktor Talantsev, a 43-year-old miner from the Vorkuta mine, Vorgashorskaya, in the presence of a competent sports commission, lifted a pound weight with a jerk - according to sports rules - 2500 times (alternately with his right and left hand). At the same time, the weight never touched the ground. It took 2 hours 48 minutes to set the record. Registration of the achievement was carried out in the open air at a temperature of +2 degrees Celsius.
Victor started playing sports (with jogging) when he was 33 years old, and he became interested in kettlebell lifting just three years before his record.
Victor's height is 170 centimeters and weighs 70 kilograms.
On March 15, 1992, V. Talantsev broke his own record: he lifted a pound weight with a jerk ZOJ once in 3 hours 15 minutes. So the weightlifter celebrated his 45th birthday.
MOVED TRACTOR AND TRUCK
Gennady Ivanovich Ivanov - Russian hero from the city of Opochka, Pskov region (height 184 centimeters, weight 138 kilograms) at the age of 33 October 22, 1989 at the Torpedo stadium in Moscow, he moved the K-750 Kirovets tractor in conjunction with the ZIL-car. 130 with a total weight of 18 tons.
On May 9, 1990, he kicked off the Ikarus and LAZ buses linked together, the total weight of which is 21 tons. On a specially made structure, he tore off a platform on which there were 11 people with a total weight of 833 kilograms and walked with this weight eight steps. In addition, Gennady performs other power numbers: he tears a deck of cards into eight parts, bends nails, etc.
38 TONS FROM HAND TO HAND
A sports veteran from the Karelian city of Belomorsk V. Efimov chose a peculiar form of protest against the poor development of physical education in the republic. In the summer of 1991, he undertook to transfer for a while a nucleus weighing 2.5 kilograms from one hand to another. In one hour, the record holder made 15,350 throws, thus "sweeping" 38 tons of metal.
IN THE BAR - A HALF TONS
Anatoly Ivanovich Samodumov, a strongman from the city of Serpukhov, Moscow region, in March 1990 tore off a barbell weighing more than one and a half tons from the ground. Then he was 52 years old. His height is 164 centimeters, weight is 70 kilograms.
WOMAN SHIFTS THE BUS
Lydia Nikolaevna Rybakova is the wife of A.I.Samodumov (her weight is 68 kilograms). In the way of her husband, she tore 900 kilograms from the ground. On March 4, 1990, at the age of 33, she kicked off a LAZ bus with 48 passengers in the cabin with a total weight of 10 tons, 850 kilograms.
"KING OF NAILS"
40-year-old Ivan Veniaminovich Shutov from Izhevsk is rightfully considered the heir to the famous Samson. He is also sometimes called "the man with iron hands." For 12 years he performed in the circus as a professional power artist.
He performed unique power numbers with nails, for which he was nicknamed "the king of nails". From 200 mm nails, for example, he knits ... sea knots, he hammers nails with his palm. The "King of Nails" lifts a 64-kilogram kettlebell with his little finger, juggles with heavy kettlebells and a barbell, freely bends a crowbar into an arc, tears iron chains.
The former heroes were replaced by new Russian heroes. The names of the Olympic champions - heavyweight weightlifters Vlasov, Zhabotinsky, Alekseev, Chimerkin are well known all over the world. Together they have set over 150 world records!
To match the men, our beauties-Slavs, about whom the poet wrote, “they will enter the burning hut, they will stop the galloping horse”.
THE PLANE LEADS ON LEAD
20-year-old Svetlana Gavrilina from Serpukhov in December 1991 moved a 40-ton Tu-134 at Sheremetyevo airport. The plane, which Sveta was pulling by the "leash" attached to the front landing gear, moved first by 10 centimeters, then by 20, then by a meter ...
Before her record, Svetlana studied ... ballet for seven years. Her height is 164 centimeters, her weight is 56 kilograms. From the ballet bar to the bar, she was led by a meeting with Serpukhov weightlifters Anatoly Samodumov and Lydia Rybakova. After six months of training, Sveta was already confidently lifting 500 kilograms on the belt, a year later - a bar fixed on the belt, on which 7 adults were sitting.
Teenager Varya Akulova tore off a barbell weighing 350 kg from the ground.
Lydia Rybakova, with her own weight of 68 kg, in 1990 pushed a bus with passengers (10 tons 850 kg) off the spot and dragged along the road several tens of meters!
And Svetlana Gavrilina from Serpukhov, 20 years old, with a height of 164 cm and a weight of 56 kg, moved the 40-ton Tu-334.
In general, the nephew, to the sighs of his uncle from "Borodino" about the past, can rightfully claim that even today our land has not become impoverished for its heroic strength.
Do you want to be as strong as the great fighters of the past? It's time to sit down at the table. Not for a drink, of course - but for a good meal. We learned what the ancient warriors ate. There is little to do: build yourself a similar diet.
Aztecs
The secret Aztec cuisine consisted of chia and quinoa. Nutritionist and popular American Bodyinbalance.tv host Janet Jackson claims that these herbs are an important source of energy and increase aging.
Chia is a plant from the Sage genus that is in no way inferior to modern energy drinks. Omega-3 fatty acids, together with its constituent antioxidants, increase brain performance.
"Quinoa is a double-stemmed plant. There will be plenty of protein for muscle growth and development," says sports nutritionist Jamie Mat.
The recipe is extremely simple: boil the plants for 10 minutes. Then add them to any salad. Eat a meal an hour before your workout. It is the best nutrition for long distance running.
Source: badassdigest.com
Roman gladiators
Carl Grossmith, a medical paleo-pathologist at the University of Vienna, claims that Roman gladiators needed fat reserves. It served as protection from cuts and helped them cope with injuries more easily. Therefore, the soldiers ate barley.
Jackson claims that cereals contain potassium, which is not only a source of energy, but also participates in blood clotting. Add 50 grams of product to the soup.
Source: collider.com
Vikings
The secret of the Vikings' strength lay in herring and collard greens. Fish contains enough electrolytes to fuel the body's energy and protein. Vegetable is a powerful source of calcium, iron and folate. The combination of products will increase the body's endurance and add strength.
Recipe: Mix ingredients and steam them. Add vinegar - electrolytes will be absorbed better and more quickly.
Source: syncnetz.blogspot.com
Japanese ninja
Buckwheat contains antioxidants that help increase blood flow. Tofu is a soybean food that contains protein and omega-3 fatty acids. Mixing food is dangerous: you can turn into a man with prominent muscles, steel endurance and incredible speed of movement. Or the Japanese ninja of the 15th century.
Soak 100 grams of buckwheat in plain water for no longer than an hour, then mix it with 75 grams of tofu. Drink a cocktail before bed. This is the best drink for football players.
Source: filmuniverzum.com
Mongols
Sometimes the Mongols spent whole months on campaigns without getting up from the saddle. At the same time, they managed not to lose strength, endurance and continue the conquests. The secret lies in the mare's milk. It sounds unconvincing, but there is a rumor that Genghis Khan himself also used it.
“Milk contains useful vitamins and minerals. It is completely free of fat. The molecular structure of the drink is close to a woman's breast milk.
A professor at the University of Vienna recommends drinking 500 grams of milk every day, mixing it with 50 grams of strawberries. The cocktail will renew your strength after a hard workout. The only problem: figure out where you can get half a liter of such a miracle?
