Everything was preceded by what the cavemen were doing, something like "training" in throwing a pointed stick and fighting with each other. It was a kind of rehearsal for the upcoming pursuit of the beast or the defense of their camp.
"Young" humanity quickly noticed how physical qualities develop if they are constantly honed. Sport was born as a necessity, the survival of the species depended on it. Later, with the development of civilization, what we now call sports disciplines was closely intertwined with military formations. Boys, and in some countries also girls with early years forced to practice various physical exercises. Each empire had an army, consisting of well-trained and very strong and hardy people.
The history of the development of sports began in the fourth - third century BC. The Olympic Games were not the first sports. Almost a thousand years earlier, competitions were held in honor of the Babylonian gods. Racing, then still on chariots, horse racing, different types wrestling, archery, fencing, running, throwing spears and darts, this and much more originated in ancient world and has reached our days.
The most famous games in the world were also held in honor of the god Zeus. Many legends surround their appearance. During the Olympics, all battles were stopped, the heads of the ancient states used this truce to conclude agreements with the warring countries.
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An interesting fact is that the athletes competed naked. Some historians hold a romantic opinion about the exaltation of the physical perfection of the body in this way. Other scientists argue that the culprit is the ban on visiting women's games. Someone once violated it and since then the athletes have been "undressed" in order to avoid a repetition of the precedent.
Despite the popularity of sports competitions, they were still banned by the ardent ascetic of Christianity - the Roman emperor Theodosius, as a "pagan ritual". The resurrection of such a beautiful tradition occurred in the nineteenth century. The initiator was Pierre de Coubertain.
Since then, the Olympics have been held every four years and are divided into: winter and summer. As in ancient times, countless people come to it. It was and remains a truly international event. Athletes are honored to be part of Olympic competitions. And the title of Olympic champion is the most honorable title in the world of sports.
SPORT. INDIVIDUAL CHOICE OF SPORTS
OR SYSTEMS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES
Definition of "sport"
Sport is a complex social phenomenon, one of the types of physical culture of society, historically established in the form of competitive activity, special training to it, as well as specific interpersonal relationships, norms and achievements that arise in the process of this activity.
The principal distinguishing feature of sport from other types of physical exercises is the presence of competitive activity. Both an athlete and an athlete can use the same physical exercises in their classes and trainings (for example, running), but at the same time, an athlete always compares his achievements in physical improvement with the success of other athletes in full-time competitions. Athlete's classes are aimed at personal improvement, regardless of the achievements in this area of other students.
Sport is an effective means for improving a person, for transforming his spiritual and physical nature; an effective factor in education and self-education.
Sports activities, participation in competitions are excellent opportunities for the moral education of athletes. Sport provides an incomparable opportunity to test a person in the most acute uncompromising situations, to reveal all aspects of his character, to reveal his life credo.
Systematic sports contribute to the formation of such character traits as willpower, courage, self-control, determination, perseverance, self-confidence, endurance, discipline, etc.
During wrestling reveals such features of the athlete's moral character as nobility, honesty, respect for the opponent, the ability to subordinate one's behavior to the norms of sports ethics.
Fair Play (English - fair play) - a mass sports movement in which athletes, coaches, fans, in general, everyone who is associated with sports must adhere to the basic principle - do not strive to win at any cost, on the sports ground maintain honor and dignity. At the suggestion of the Russian Fair Play Committee in 1993, the Pierre de Coubertin Trophy for a noble gesture was awarded to our great skier Raisa Smetanina. Fair Play award winners include three-time Olympic champion wrestler Alexander Karelin, fearless climber Ekaterina Ivanova, who more than once rescued her comrades in the most difficult moment, Evgeny Kafelnikov, Olympic tennis champion, who donated a large amount of his prize money to the families of those who died in a plane crash.
Going in for sports and attending sports competitions, during which athletes demonstrate physically perfect and harmonious movements, as well as beautiful, noble deeds, develop a sense of beauty in people, educate them in aesthetic tastes, feelings, ideals, needs. Many people get involved in sports not only because they are guided by some utilitarian goals - to improve health, set a record, etc., they are largely attracted by the opportunity to get aesthetic pleasure from sports activities, from the ability to constantly contemplate the beautiful and create it in the form of movements perfect in beauty, graceful to virtuosity of possession own body, movements, etc.
When playing sports, indicators of mental performance increase; perception, thinking, etc.
Considering the role of sports in mental education, one should take into account its impact on the intellectual and cognitive capabilities of a person. Being engaged in physical exercises, in the process of training and competition, a person learns more deeply the patterns that govern the formation of physical perfection, the development of physical qualities, mastery of skills and abilities, acquires important knowledge about the structure and functions of the body, about the causes and mechanism physical development, about personal and public hygiene, etc. Systematic physical education and sports strengthen nervous system, have a beneficial effect on the general well-being of a person, stimulate cheerfulness and cheerfulness. According to scientific research, those who systematically engage in physical culture and sports get sick much less than those who are not involved in them. Sport, like nothing else, helps to fight against such destructive vices, especially for young people, as smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction.
Sport is a powerful means of preventing various diseases and, therefore, a factor that guarantees sufficient high level physical readiness.
The whole world is watching. Athletes, skiers, racers and many other professionals spend all their time and energy on endless training, proper nutrition and preparing for new competitions. It is safe to say that for most people, sporting events are an important part of life, whether it is watching television broadcasts from competitions or self-study physical culture.
But what is sport? The definition of this term has been rewritten many times, as today the framework sports cultures are so vague that even championships in computer games are held. And eSports has already been included in the list of competitions in the Olympic Games.
Meaning of the word
The definition of "sport" appeared in the Russian language quite a long time ago. It is no secret that it is an analogue of the English word sport. However, few people know that in foreign language it has been changed. Initially, the British said disport, which in translation meant “game”, “entertainment”.
If we talk about today's definition of sport in Russian, then this word means playing competitive activity and preparation for it. Quite logical. The sport itself is based on the use of physical exercises, and its main goal is to achieve best results in one industry or another. In addition, the word implies the disclosure of a person’s sports potential, an increase in physical activity.
In simple terms, the definition of sport will be competition, specialization, entertainment and a focus on high achievement. That is, for many years the meaning of this concept has not changed, innovations have only affected the list of cultures that are sports.
Sports
According to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation, the definition of a sport is a separate sphere of public relations based on special rules. In this learning environment, a specific Sports Equipment or equipment that does not require the use of personal protective equipment.
Again, in simple terms, a sport is its specific direction.
There are many types of sporting events. Consider:
- Game individual (badminton, tennis, squash, golf, chess and others).
- Cyclic (biking, swimming, speed skating).
- Game team (basketball, football, paintball, hockey, etc.).
- Combat sports (boxing, aikido, fencing, capoeira).
- Power (bodybuilding, weightlifting, arm wrestling).
- Complex coordination ( figure skating, trampolining and gymnastics).
- Extreme (boking, kiting, base jumping, snowboarding, kayaking and others).
- Technical (aeronautics, rally, archery, drone control).
- Applied (yachting, sailing and equestrian sports).
Also today there is cheerleading, zorbing and e-sports. All these areas can be attributed to the definition of "sport".
The origin of sports
This direction appeared long before our era. The very first competitions were held in ancient Babylon. Then such sport competitions were dedicated to the worship of the gods. The patron saint of Babylon was Marduk, so sometimes very bloody competitions were held in his honor.
A few centuries later, the first Olympiad opened in Greece. It is believed that it was the Greeks who came up with the definition of sport. Initially, they only competed in archery, swordsmanship, chariot racing, belt wrestling, and javelin throwing. Later, the list of sports cultures was expanded.
Sports in various historical times
In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church, dominating society, decided to ban the cult of the body and all sporting events. However, fencing, swimming and long jump still remained very popular. All competitions were held not to demonstrate the physical development of athletes, but purely for the sake of spectacle.
Mind sports appeared in the Renaissance, and at the end of the 19th century the Olympic Games, known to this day, were revived.
Physical culture and sports: different definitions
These concepts are often confused. In fact, sport implies a competitive moment. An athlete or gymnast will always compare his performance with that of his opponent. The same goes for the Olympic Games sport's event. The winner receives a medal, and the loser goes to improve their skills.
If he talks about physical culture, then there is no competition component in it. It is aimed solely at improving health and improving your body. A person running through the park in sneakers is not necessarily an athlete. However, he takes care of his health and wants his body to be beautiful. Accordingly, he is engaged in physical culture.
Goals and objectives of mass sports
As can be seen from all of the above, the word "sport" is very multifaceted. It does not imply specific activities. Knowing the definition and concepts of sports, it will also be useful to learn about such a phenomenon as mass competitions.
The objectives of such events fully coincide with the goals of mass sports - this is a great opportunity for a huge number of people to normalize their health and physical form. In this type of exercise, there is also no competitive component. the main objective and the task is to strengthen your health, but at the same time bringing yourself to nervous exhaustion. This includes proper nutrition, good sleep and rest.
Introduction
What role does sport play in a person's life? People all over the world see it differently. Some are very cool about sports (some even consider it a waste of time). Other people understand the meaning of sport and, fortunately, there are more of them than the first. Moreover, each of them may have a different attitude to sports: someone prefers to watch it on TV, someone prefers to do some kind of sport or general physical training, but for someone sport is a means of subsistence. Among the latter may be active athletes, coaches, doctors, directors of sports societies, sports trustees, etc. And each of them contributes to the development of sports on our planet.
Sports are amazing. It can unite people, introduce them to each other, in most cases, sport strengthens the health, character and even mental abilities of the people who practice it, develops in them skills such as speed, agility, reaction, coordination, endurance, patience and strength. Sport makes people more resistant to negative environmental factors. It often brings people a lot of positive emotions, for example, when their favorite team wins or when a person achieves some result in it.
Man always tries to make his life easier. Physical labor for him ceases to matter in connection with the development of technology. A person gradually loses the physical potential inherent in him, becoming decrepit in comparison with his distant ancestors. He can be very badly influenced by such temptations as alcohol, tobacco and drugs. Sport is the opposite of these evil factors and serves as an alternative that will prevent a person from becoming an alcoholic, smoker and drug addict. The role of sport in our life is very great..
Sport concept
Sport(English) sports, an abbreviation of the original English. disport- "game", "entertainment") - the activity of people organized according to certain rules, consisting in comparing their physical and intellectual abilities, as well as preparation for this activity and interpersonal relations that arise in its process.
Sport is a specific kind of physical and intellectual activity performed for the purpose of competition, as well as targeted preparation for them through warm-up, training, combined with rest, the desire for gradual improvement. physical health, increasing the level of intelligence, obtaining moral satisfaction, striving for excellence, improving personal, group and absolute records, fame, improve their own physical abilities and skills.
Sport is an integral part of physical culture. This is actually competitive activity and preparation for it. It clearly manifests the desire for victory, the achievement of high results, the mobilization of the physical, mental and moral qualities of a person. Mass sports enable millions of people to improve their physical qualities and motor abilities, improve their health and prolong their creative longevity.
Sports of the highest achievements- this is the only model of activity in which the functioning of almost all body systems in outstanding record holders can manifest itself in the zone of absolute physical and practical limits healthy person. The goal of elite sport is to achieve the highest possible sports results or victories in major sports competitions.
The word "sport" came into Russian from English (sport) - a free abbreviation of the original word disport - game, entertainment. It is this fundamental principle of the English word that introduces discrepancies, hence the different interpretation of the term "sport". In the foreign press, this concept is combined with “physical culture” in its health-improving, recreational (restorative) aspects. In domestic popular periodicals and literature, on television and radio, physical culture and sports are interpreted in different ways, but sometimes they are identified. However, in the special literature on physical culture and sports, each of these concepts has a clear definition.
"Sport" - a generalized concept denoting one of the components of the physical culture of society, historically formed in the form of competitive activity and special practice of preparing a person for competitions.
Sport differs from physical culture in that it has an obligatory competitive component. Both an athlete and an athlete can use the same physical exercises in their classes and trainings (for example, running), but at the same time, the athlete always compares his achievements in physical improvement with the success of other athletes in full-time competitions. The exercises of an athlete are aimed only at personal improvement regardless of the achievements in this area of others involved. That is why we cannot call an athlete a peppy old man moving along the alleys of the square "jogging" - a mixture of fast walking and slow running. This respected person is not an athlete, he is an athlete who uses walking and running for maintaining their health and performance.
However, all these arguments and examples, although they help to agree on a common interpretation of individual concepts, do not reveal the full versatility of such a social phenomenon as
modern sport. It acts in many guises: as a means of healing, and as a means of psychophysical improvement, and as effective remedy rest and restoration of working capacity, both as a spectacle and as professional work.
Modern sport is subdivided into mass and elite sport. It is the versatility of modern sport that forced the introduction of these additional concepts that reveal the essence of its individual areas, their fundamental difference.
Mass sports. Its goals and objectives.
Grassroots sports makes it possible for millions of people to improve their physical qualities and motor abilities, improve their health and prolong creative longevity, and thus resist the undesirable effects on the body of modern production and the conditions of everyday life.
The purpose of the classes various types mass sports - to improve health, improve physical development, fitness and actively relax. This is due to the solution of a number of particular tasks: to increase the functionality of individual body systems, to correct physical development and physique, to increase general and professional performance, to master vital skills and abilities, to spend leisure time pleasantly and usefully, to achieve physical perfection.
The tasks of mass sports largely repeat the tasks of physical culture, but are realized by the sports orientation of regular classes and training.
A significant part of young people join the elements of mass sports during their school years, and in some sports even at preschool age. It is mass sports that are most widespread in student groups.
As practice has shown, usually in non-physical education universities of the country in the field of mass sports, from 10 to 25% of students are engaged in regular training outside school hours. The current program in the academic discipline " Physical Culture» for students of higher educational institutions allows almost every healthy student of any university to join mass sports. This can be done not only in your free time, but also in school. Moreover, the student himself chooses the sport or the system of physical exercises. We will go into more detail on this a bit later.