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Exercises with clubs in rhythmic gymnastics. Rhythmic gymnastics

Ekaterina Zakharova

Clubs are one of the Olympic competitive activities in rhythmic gymnastics. This type is presented by group and individual performances.

Target: The introduction of elements of rhythmic gymnastics in physical education classes.

Tasks:

1. To instill a love for this sport;

2. To develop flexibility, dexterity, increased responsiveness, ability to concentrate, accurately coordinate movement.

3. To develop the artistic and creative abilities of children.

Clubs Exercise Promotes Muscle Development shoulder girdle, increasing the mobility of the joints of the hands, improving the coordination of movements. You can also use clubs when doing stretching exercises.

Equipment: Gymnastic clubs.

The mace consists of a body, neck and head. The head of the club is an elliptical or spherical thickening that prevents the club from falling out of the hands. The neck is a gradually thickening rod connecting the head of the club with its body.

The length of the club is 41 cm, weight is 150 g (children's sizes). The difference in length makes it possible to pick up the mace according to the hand (the mace, clamped in the hand, facing the face, should not reach the chest).

The main types of exercises with clubs:

Exercise with clubs is the only type of rhythmic gymnastics in which the athlete manipulates 2 objects, which means that she needs an increased reaction speed, the ability to concentrate, and precise coordination of movements.

Exercise with clubs is performed dynamically without pauses and stops, easy and artistic. You need a good school of proficiency in the subject.

Basic elements in clubs.

Grips:

1. Hard grip.

Hard grip, fixation of the index fingers, the object is in line with the hand and forearm and is not mobile relative to them.

Hard grip for the body and the head of the club.

2. Free grip.

The free grip of the club moves with a constant plane, keeping the movement.

Many exercises are performed with a combination of a free and firm grip. The transition from hard to free grip is done by twisting the index finger.

Clubs exercises are divided into 3 groups:

1. Swings and circles;

2. Throws;

3. Rolls.

Swings and circles.

There are large swings, clubs are motionless relative to the hand, and small swings. Here the mace moves freely.

Depending on the amplitude of hand rotation, there are:

1. Large circles;

2. Medium circles;

3. Small circles.

Large circles can be performed in the front, side, horizontal plane. Depending on the movements of one club relative to the other, they are distinguished:

1. Parallel circles;

2. Consecutive circles.

We must strive for the maximum range of motion. Straighten your arms completely.


To perform middle circles, the arms are strongly bent at the elbows, you must try to bring your elbows closer to the body, not to take them to the side.

As in the circles in front of the body, so in the lateral plane. Performing medium circles over your head, you should slightly relax the hand, gently bend your arms, alternate between hard and free grip. Another option is medium circles behind the back.

When performing small circles, it is important to fully straighten your arms at the elbows. You cannot even slightly relax them, you should keep the plane of rotation of the clubs vertical or horizontal. There are combinations of different swings and circles.

Mill.

The composition with clubs includes at least 3 different mills, which are a combination of successive small circles, with the cross movement of the gymnasts' hands.

There are two and three stroke mills.

In a three-stroke mill, the cycle of movements consists of 3 small circles, the key element is cross-work with the hands. They are located from the brushes, one above the other, sequentially moving after the execution of the cycle of movement. The movement should be smooth, rhythmic, without jumps.

When making a vertical mill, it is important to maintain a strictly vertical plane of rotation. In a horizontal mill, the circle formed by the clubs must lie exactly in the horizontal plane during rotation.

The most complex type of mill is the "Circular" mill. It includes the overhead mill, vertical from the side, going through small circles to the vertical mill on the other side, and returning to the overhead mill.

Throws.

The next group of movements is throws.

1. Simultaneous;

2. Consistent.

Throwing one or two clubs with one hand. These are not the only qualifications. Various options method of throwing catching an object. They create a variety of movements for gymnasts. The throw can be done with the foot. In the exercise, throws are combined with semi-acrobatic elements. The throw can be performed from swings, from circles, a jerk throw. The clubs can be pushed to different heights, with or without rotation.

The direction of flight of the mace largely depends on the angle between the arm and the body at the time of the flight of the object. A gymnast, throwing a club with different strengths, sets a strictly defined height of the apparatus departure. It can be a short throw or a high throw. The number of revolutions made by the club in the air depends on the twist of its brush at the moment of throwing. A weak message one and a half turns, a more energetic twist, a throw in two turns, two and a half turns.

Notice how the gymnast catches the apparatus, she reaches for it with her hand and takes a hard grip. We must try to accept the mace while it is horizontal.

There are throws:

1. Consecutive- both hands work, so precise coordination of movements is needed.

2. Parallel throws- synchronous work of hands is necessary, their equal effort.

The flight of objects is strictly in parallel planes and refers to the throw of two clubs with one hand.

Only those gymnasts who have firmly established the skill of throwing and catching a club can combine high throws with elements of semi-acrobatics. The difficulty is that after the throw, the gymnast loses sight of the object for some time.

Juggling are called sequential shots with short reach. The gaze is fixed at the point of maximum departure of the object, the juggler does not even look at his hands. The skill of catching and throwing is brought to automatism. Exercise in juggling not only improves the technique of throws, improves the culture of using the club, and develops a sense of the object. To consolidate the skill of throwing and catching a club, exercise in pairs is useful.

We must not forget about group exercises with clubs. Athletes need to be specially prepared for them, including in training sessions in groups where juggling is combined with throwing objects. It is helpful to use a variety of teaching aids such as tennis balls, gradually increasing their number.

Rolls.

The simplest on the floor are performed in an arc or in a circle, the more complex on the arm, trunk, leg.


Emphasize on important condition roll, the mace should roll gently without bouncing.

Speeches:

1. Group exercise boys.

Music - JO DASSEN "TAKA-TAKA-TA".


1. An individual exercise for a girl.

Music - J. STRUUSS - CLIP CLAP SAMBA.


2. Individual teacher exercise.

Music - R. MAURIAT.


1. The group performance with clubs for boys includes the following exercises:

1) Consecutive blows of clubs on the floor in the floor of the twine;


2) Circular rolling of two clubs on the floor;

3) Sitting on the floor, stretching right leg forward with two clubs, left leg On the floor;


4) Stand on the shoulder blades, without the help of hands, with alternate blows of the clubs on the floor;

5) Transverse twine, alternate rolling along an arc of two clubs;

6) Cross twine, alternate beating of clubs on the floor;

7) Cross split, juggling with two clubs;

8) Catching two clubs with feet without using hands;


9) Rolling one club on two legs, sitting on the floor;

10) Standing on two legs, roll one club over the arm;


11) Working without the help of hands, holding the club with the chin, rotating around oneself;


12) A spinner of one club on the floor in an emphasis lying;


13) A box supported by two clubs;


14) Large parallel circles of two clubs back;

15) Large successive circles of two clubs back;

16) Large circles in the front plane to the right and left;

17) Balance the mace without using hands, one holding the other;


18) Hand-free work in heron balance, clubs clamped under the knee;


19) Equilibrium "swallow" with a spinner of two clubs;

20) Swing one club to the side, also from the other hand;

21) Dancing steps around you with a turntable in two hands;

22) Swing your legs to the side with the clubs turning to the right and left.


2. An individual performance with clubs for girls includes the following exercises:


1) Roll to the side in a transverse twine, clubs in hands;

2) Hands-free work, clubs gripped by forearms, performed on the dance floor;

3) Wave forward on two legs, clubs draw a line from bottom to top;

4) Throwing the club without using the hands with the foot;

5) Leap touching from a gallop with spinning clubs;

6) Catching clubs with feet;


7) Forward somersaults, legs apart, clubs in hands;


8) Circular rolling of two clubs on the floor;

9) Rolling one club on two legs;


10) Throw of one club by push, sitting on the floor;

11) In running, successive circles of two clubs back;

12) In balance "swallow" spinner of two clubs;

13) Working without the help of hands, one club holds the other with a rotation around itself;


14) Simultaneous circles of two clubs in the front plane to the right and left;

15) Dancing steps with a spinner of two clubs;

16) Wheel with clubs;

17) Balance "heron" work without the help of hands, clubs are clamped under the knee;

18) Balance to the side with the hand, clubs in the front plane draw a circle;

19) Sit on the floor, jump with legs in a transverse split with arms resting on the floor.

3. The following exercises are included in the individual performance with the clubs by the teacher:

1. Half of the mill;

2. Wheel on elbows, clubs in hands;

3. Balance on the knee with the leg forward, asymmetry of the clubs;

4. Turlyan with the foot back, performing a horizontal mill;


5. Circular mill;

6. Juggling, three tosses in different planes;

7. Jete Anthurnan touching with the mill;

8. Balance on one leg forward with asymmetry of clubs;

9. Fighting the clubs without using hands on the knee, catching without visual control of the back;

10. Balance to the side with the hand, rolling the club over the hand;

11. Horizontal mill in balance to the side without using hands;

12. Parallel circle of two clubs backward with a transition to a backward flip;

13. Throw of two clubs with one hand with a catch in a turn on one leg;

14. Juggling two clubs;

15. Turning in attitude with a horizontal mill;

16. Throw in a horizontal plane without the help of hands, catching in a forward roll;

17. Rolling one club on the floor, touching the knee with a jump;


18. An asymmetric throw of two clubs, one with a push, the other with a swing, is performed on the floor;

19. Balance on one leg with a circle of one club in the front plane;

20. Forward flip with clubs;

21. Throw without the aid of hands, with a foot on the floor, catching in a backward rotational motion;

22. Working without the help of hands of two clubs with a twist;

23. Circle two clubs in a half split in a horizontal plane, hold two clubs in one hand.


NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT OF UKRAINE

TRAINING AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE OF SPORT

Faculty of coaching

Department of Sports Gymnastics and Dance

Semikhatskaya

Natalia Alexandrovna

4th year student, 41 groups

specialization: rhythmic gymnastics

Methods of teaching young athletes to the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs, taking into account the phenomenon of positive transfer of motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics

Discipline thesis

"Theory and methods of teaching a chosen sport"

supervisor

teacher Makarova O.V.

INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BACKGROUND OF THE UNIFIED APPROACH OF LEARNING THE EXERCISE TECHNIQUE WITH A ROPE AND BOLS FOR YOUNG SPORTSWOMEN IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Analysis of the subject training of female athletes at the stage initial training

Characteristic methodological principles teaching the technique of exercises in rhythmic gymnastics

Features of teaching the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs

Analysis of the teaching of the technique of exercises with skipping rope and clubs

Conclusions for the section

RESEARCH METHODS AND ORGANIZATION

Research methods

Analysis of scientific and methodological literature

Questionnaire survey

Pedagogical testing

Pedagogical experiment

Methods of mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data

Organization of research

RESEARCH OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE METHODS OF LEARNING EXERCISE TECHNIQUES WITH A ROPE AND BOARDS BASED ON POSITIVE TRANSFER OF MOTOR SKILLS IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Analysis of the pedagogical experience of training female athletes in the possession of a rope and clubs in rhythmic gymnastics

Analysis of the effectiveness of a complex of exercises with a rope and clubs, aimed at improving the technical readiness of female gymnasts

ANALYSIS AND GENERALIZATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS

ANNEXES

LIST OF USED SOURCES

Introduction

Relevance of the topic. Rhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic sport in which female athletes compete in technical skill and expressiveness in the performance of complex body movements combined with manipulation of objects to the accompaniment of music.

Rhythmic gymnastics at the present stage of its development is distinguished by high requirements for various aspects of the training of athletes. Many experts believe that the physical, psychological and theoretical training of gymnasts is manifested in their technical actions, the degree of perfection of which ultimately ensures the success of the athletes' performance in competitions.

The growing popularity of rhythmic gymnastics in the international arena and competition from foreign rivals make us look for new ways and reserves to improve the skills of leading gymnasts. The aggravation of the sports competition of the national teams of the world rhythmic gymnastics forces the Special attention to further increase the effectiveness of sports training and search for additional funds that contribute to a more effective and lasting mastery of motor skills and abilities by young athletes (L.A. Karpenko, 2001; A.A.Kornishov, 2003; V.A. Leonova, 2003; I. V. Zepelevich, 2007).

Such specialists as Andreeva N.O. (2009), Laputin A.N. (1997) pay special attention to the technical training of female athletes in rhythmic gymnastics, the ability to selectively show complex coordination movements, which allows gymnasts to successfully perform competitive exercises, and as a result, significantly increase the reliability of the implementation of technical actions. Due to the sharp decline in last years the age at which rhythmic gymnastics begins, young gymnasts at the age of 6-7 must perform a competitive program in four to six types of all-around. Within one to two years, it becomes necessary to teach girls exercises with different objects that differ from each other in many characteristics. Therefore, the development of such a program of initial training in exercises with objects, which will optimize the process of formation of basic motor skills with objects, is becoming more and more urgent.

Touching upon the issues of the originality of the tasks of the stage of initial technical training, the need for the correct and effective organization of sports with children at an early age, N. Platonov (2004) emphasizes that this preparatory stage, towards great sport, it is necessary to lay a solid foundation for long-term growth sporting achievements.

Specialists Ovchinnikova N.A., Biryuk E.V. (1990) advise using exercises with clubs already at the first stages, since the relatively heavy weight allows gymnasts to more clearly differentiate the positions and movements of the arms.

Based on the foregoing, it is relevant to teach the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs at the stage of initial training, observing the methodological principle of positive transfer of motor skills.

Purpose of the study - improving the methodology of teaching young athletes to the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs, taking into account the phenomenon of positive transfer of motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics.

Research objectives:

    Explore the prerequisites for a unified learning approach young gymnasts technique of exercises with a rope and clubs.

    Conduct monitoring and analysis of the experience of trainers of initial training groups in teaching the technique of exercises with objects.

    To investigate the effectiveness of young gymnasts' training in the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs.

    To develop a program for teaching young athletes to the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs on the basis of a positive transfer of a motor skill and to prove its effectiveness in a comparative pedagogical experiment.

Object of study - methodology for teaching young athletes to exercise techniques with rope and clubs, technical training of young athletes in rhythmic gymnastics.

Subject of study - technique of exercises with a skipping rope and clubs, athletes aged 6-7 years.

Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaire survey, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, an approach to teaching the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs will be substantiated on the basis of observing the principle of positive transfer of motor skills.

Practical significance. The developed methodology can be used in the process of teaching young female athletes the technique of exercises with a rope and clubs on the basis of a positive transfer of motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics.

The structure of the course work. The course work is completed on 34 pages of printed text, consists of an introduction, 3 sections, conclusions, practical recommendations, a list of sources used, including 50 sources and 1 annex. The text of the course work is illustrated with ... figures and ... tables.

Rhythmic gymnastics - one of the most spectacular and graceful sports, the essence of which is to perform gymnastic and dance exercises... Exercises can be performed both with the use of objects (hoop, ball, skipping rope, ribbon, clubs), and without it. Rhythmic gymnastics is Olympic view sports.

Gymnasts should have good flexibility, stretching, high push, slim figure, good coordination of movements. But even if a gymnast does not possess all these qualities, almost everything can be achieved through regular training and under the supervision of a good trainer.

The history of the emergence and development of rhythmic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics is considered a young sport, it appeared thanks to the masters of the Mariinsky Theater. In 1913 at the St. Petersburg Institute physical culture them. P.F. Lesgaft High School was opened artistic movement... All teachers of this school before joining it had their own unique teaching experience aesthetic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, dance gymnastics or free dance. The combination of all these styles into one gave a powerful impetus to the emergence of rhythmic gymnastics.

In 1941, the first championship of Leningrad in rhythmic gymnastics was held. Later, all Soviet sports and rhythmic gymnastics were waiting for stagnation in development due to the Great Patriotic War. But already in 1945, the first rhythmic gymnastics section was created, later transformed into the USSR Federation. The further development of rhythmic gymnastics took place at an incredible speed, involving more and more participants.

In 1948, the first USSR championship in rhythmic gymnastics was held. Since 1949, these championships have been held annually. Later, the USSR Cup (1965) and the All-Union children's competitions (1966) appeared.

After the gymnasts began to go out with performances outside the USSR, rhythmic gymnastics gained recognition International Federation gymnastics and officially began to be considered a sport.

In 1960, the first official meeting took place in Sofia: Bulgaria - USSR - Czechoslovakia, and 3 years later the first official international competitions named the European Cup.

In 1967, a fundamentally new team form appeared in the world rhythmic gymnastics - the competition in group exercises. In the same year, the first world championship in group exercises took place in Copenhagen.

1980 was a turning point for rhythmic gymnastics, after the completion Olympic Games in Moscow, at the IOC Congress, it was decided to include this sport in the program of the Olympic Games. Since 1984 begins Olympic history rhythmic gymnastics.

Rhythmic Gymnastics Rules

As mentioned above, performances can be held with or without objects, but in recent times in world class competitions, no apparatus will be performed. In group exercises, one or two types of objects must be used at the same time.

All exercises are accompanied by soundtracks. The choice of music depends entirely on the wishes of the gymnast and the coach. But each exercise should be 75 to 90 seconds long. Rhythmic gymnastics competitions are held on a gymnastic carpet measuring 13x13 meters.

Rhythmic gymnastics performances are evaluated on a twenty-point system. The performances are evaluated by three teams of judges:

  • Difficulty (D) is evaluated by two subgroups of judges - D1 (2 judges, evaluate the technique of execution) and D2 (2 judges, evaluate the technique of working with the apparatus). When calculating the score, the arithmetic mean of the teams D1 and D2 is taken into account.
  • Artistry and choreography (A) are evaluated by 4 judges.
  • Execution (E) is evaluated by 4 judges. They remove points for mistakes.

At any competition, a coordinator judge must be present, who monitors the formal side of the performance.

The final grade is calculated using the formula: Grade = (D1 + D2) / 2 + A + E

Rhythmic gymnastics equipment

Skipping rope There are hemp or synthetic ropes. The rope should be proportional to the height of the gymnast and should not have any handles; instead, one or two knots are tied at the ends.

Hoop for rhythmic gymnastics. There are wooden or synthetic hoops. The inner diameter must be between 80 and 90 cm, and the minimum weight is 300 g.

Ball for rhythmic gymnastics. There are rubber or synthetic balls. The diameter of the ball is approximately 18-20 cm. The weight must be at least 400 grams.

Clubs for rhythmic gymnastics (chacot clubs) made of plastic or rubber (previously gymnasts used wooden clubs). Velvet handles are allowed in clubs. The length of the clubs should be between 40-50 cm.

Performing with ribbon in rhythmic gymnastics. The ribbon itself can be satin or other similar material. Length not less than 6 m (made from one piece). Weight is not less than 35 gr. The stick can be made of wood or plastic. Its length should be from 50 to 60 cm, and its diameter should be 1 cm at its widest point.

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