This discipline is considered one of the ancient species sport, which appeared around in 2000 BC e.

Historical monuments related to by 2000 BC and 1200— ad on which there is a club and a ball.

Modern look games originated in schools and universities UK in mid-nineteenth century. So, in 1861 in London arose Blackheath's first hockey club a little later, other organizations appeared. Before that in 1852 developed the rules for playing field hockey.

International Federation and other organization names

January 18, 1886- formation of official National Hockey Association. Gradually, this sport began to spread throughout Europe and Asia, and also gained popularity in the USA and Canada. . In 1895 was held first international match between Ireland and Wales. A January 7, 1924 France decided to establish International Federation field hockey.

As far as women's field hockey is concerned, first club in 1876 was also educated in England within the walls of Oxford University.

In 1894 In Ireland, the National Field Hockey Association was formed. At the beginning of the 20th century women's sports began to spread around the world and in 1926 took place first international meeting.

A in 1927 formed in the UK International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations.

Is it an Olympic sport?

Since 1908 is part of Olympic Games field hockey for men since 1980 among women. The format of the competition has changed several times. For example, in 1908 and 1952 matches were played right through, and in 1920 and 1932- round robin. The rest of the games had a standard format. At first group stage and then the playoff stage. At the Olympic Games, discipline was absent only in 1912 and 1924.

Photo 1. Match between the women's teams of Czechoslovakia and Poland at the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980.

What is the name of a special kind of game

Variety of field hockey indrohockey which appeared in 1972 in Germany. Then it was played first tournament. First World Cup in 2003, where medals in both the women's category and the men's category were won by the German teams. The main differences from classic field hockey:

1. Coating. The match is on artificial turf and not on the grass.
2. Site size. If field hockey requires a field the size of 55*91 m, then for indrohockey - 20*40 m.
3. Command structure. Indrohockey requires 6 people (5 field players and 1 goalkeeper), for field hockey you need 11 players.
4. Time. The duration of the meeting is also different, in indrohockey 2 halves of 20 minutes.

How are the matches for men and women

the main task - score more goals than the opposing team.

In case of a tie after the whistle, a draw remains, but in tournaments where a tie is not provided, there is Extra time and post-match shootout.

The match starts from the center of the field, while the athletes are placed on their respective halves of the site. After the referee's whistle, the match begins.

Field players have the right to touch the ball only with the flat side of the club and you can not touch the projectile with your hands and feet. Goalkeeper on the contrary, it is not forbidden to touch the ball both hands and feet, but if the projectile is pressed against the goalkeeper or he deliberately knocks the ball out with his hand, then a free throw is awarded.

Attention! A goal is only counted if the projectile kicked out of the circle.

As for throwouts, corner kicks, goal kicks, everything is the same as in regular football. When the ball has left the attacking team, a goal kick is performed. If from the team occupying defensive position - corner.

The ball goes out of bounds only when he is completely behind the sideline or endline. There are also penalty corners, they are assigned if there was a violation of the rules in the circle of impact.

Drop ball the referee establishes in case of stoppage, the rally takes place from the place of interruption. The players sticks must be down, then hit front side of the object over the projectile and play the ball.

The referees serve the match together, each is in its own half. They record violations goals scored, control substitutions, signal the beginning and end of each half.

Exists European hockey league , where only the elite teams of Europe play and, therefore, the rules for this confederation are different from classic field hockey. The game is on in EHL 4 halves of 17.5 minutes. And five minutes break, and in normal matches 2 stages of 35 minutes and rest between halves in 10 min.

There are also differences regarding fines:

For minor violations, the referee demonstrates to the athlete green card and this is considered a warning.

If such a card is shown in the EHL, the player sits on the penalty box for 2 min.

1. When the judge gets yellow card, then the athlete is removed for 2-5 minutes, depending on the nature of the violation. In the EHL - the player sits on the penalty box for 5-10 min.
2. red card regardless of league removal before the end of the match with a possible disqualification for the following games.

Organization of the Olympics and friendly matches

The organization of tournaments lies on the shoulders of the International Field Hockey Federation. This association includes 127 national federations. She is for such tournaments as:

One of the main advantages- a large number of friendly matches that help determine the current form of the team.

And the coach at such meetings can try out various developments, see the shortcomings and choose the optimal composition of the team for upcoming official competitions.

Useful video

Check out the video, which tells about the rules of field hockey: from site requirements to types of penalties.

Comparison with "big brother"

There are more and more in the world various kinds sports and everyone finds their audience. Bandy has enough fans. After all, this kind of sport close relative ice hockey and his fame is growing every year. In European countries, this discipline is very popular. He not so hard and fast like ice hockey, but also very entertaining and interesting.

Field hockey- one of the oldest sports games. The oldest monument dates back to around 2000 BC. On the pyramid, located near the town of Beni Hasan in the Nile Valley, two players with clubs are depicted fighting for the ball. Historical documents say that the ancient Japanese ("kachi" and "dakiu"), and the Aztec Indians ("cheuka") had games similar to hockey. The next of the discovered historical monuments of the game belongs only to 1200 AD. A thick stained-glass window in the north choir of Canterbury Cathedral in England depicts a boy holding a stick in his left hand and a ball over his right shoulder. In the Copenhagen Museum, on the altar is a figurine depicting two hockey players playing the ball. It dates from 1333. The modern name of the game hockey may have come from the old French word "hoke" (hoquet) - a shepherd's crook with a hook: many historians agree that the ancestors of field hockey are shepherds who whiled away free time for this game in the summer pastures.

Field hockey today

Field hockey found its current face in the middle of the 19th century in England.. Schools and universities were the basis of development. The formation of the world's first hockey club dates back to 1861. They became the club "Blackheath" in London. The players gathered at the Princess of Wales Hotel, chose red or blue hats from a bag (the club has retained these colors to this day) and went out to play on a nearby field - red against blue. The game was then played by both sides of the stick. The ball was quite light and made of rubber. The hockey field measured 200 by 60 yards. Soon there were others hockey clubs: Teddington, Surbiton, Richmond, East Surrey. The first rules of the game were developed in 1852. In 1860 the rules of the game were approved at Eton College. Every school, every club at that time had its own version of the rules of the game. The first club to try to standardize the rules was East Surrey. The 1875 rules stated that "the stick must not be raised above the shoulder", "a goal cannot be scored if the ball was hit from a distance of more than 15 yards from the goal post", "the ball must be white". Only with the founding of the first official national field hockey association (January 18, 1886) were the rules unified and collected in the form of a code. In 1887, the length of the stick was limited, and the goalkeeper was given the right to play with his feet in the circle of impact. In 1889 as required attribute goal net was introduced. In 1907, many of the rules that are still in effect today were laid down. By the end of the 1970s. field hockey has become the most popular view sports among students of Oxford and Cambridge universities. The first official field hockey match was held between students of these educational institutions. It was played in 1890. By the end of the 19th century. field hockey spread to many European countries, penetrated to India, then to Canada, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Japan. At the end of the 40s. 20th century this game began to develop in African countries. In 1895, the first international field hockey meeting took place: the match was held in Rhyl between the teams of Ireland and Wales. Organization and holding issues international competitions, clarifying the rules of the game was originally handled by the International Field Hockey Council established in 1900. On January 7, 1924, the International Field Hockey Federation (FIH) was founded in Paris. The initiator of its creation was the Frenchman Paul Lyauti, who became its first president. Initially, FIH united the national hockey associations of 7 European countries: Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Spain, France, Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. In the same year, the first FIH charter was adopted. The International Field Hockey Federation brings together 119 national federations and associations from Asia, America, Africa, Europe and Oceania. Nowadays, in many countries of the world, field hockey ranks second in popularity after football among team sports, competitions in which are held outdoors.

The rise of women's field hockey

Modern women's field hockey began its history in the 70s of the XIX century. In 1876, the world's first women's hockey club appeared in England, formed by students at Oxford University. The first national association for women's field hockey was formed in 1894 in Ireland. Then the same associations arose in England and Wales. By the beginning of the 20th century, women's hockey teams appeared in European countries, Canada, the United States, New Zealand and Australia. But until the 1920s. competitions of women's teams were held within the framework of national tournaments and meetings. International matches with the participation of hockey players began only in 1926. In 1927, the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations (IFWHA) was created at the founding congress in London. But only 48 years later, in Amsterdam, in the interests of women's hockey participation in the Olympic Games, the Supreme Field Hockey Council was created, which included the leaders of the International Field Hockey Federation (FIH) and IFWHA. This council has been recognized by the International Olympic Committee, and in 1976 it was decided to include women's field hockey in the program of the Summer Olympic Games. Since 1978, uniform rules of the game for men's and women's teams began to operate.

Olympic tournaments

In the program of the Summer Olympic Games, field hockey tournaments among men's teams were first included in 1908. Since 1932, they have been organized at all Summer Games. Women's national teams first participated in the Olympic Games in 1980. The competition formula has changed several times: in 1908 and 1952. hockey tournament was conducted according to the system with elimination, in 1920 and 1932. - round robin. At all other Olympic Games - according to the mixed system: preliminary games in two subgroups are held according to the round robin system, final part(drawing of medals and subsequent places) - according to the Olympic system. During the time during which field hockey is included in the program of the Olympic Games, the largest total number of medals was won by teams from India - 11 (8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze), the Netherlands - 13 (3, 4, 6), Germany (taking into account Germany) - 11 (3, 5, 3), Australia - 10 (4, 3, 3), Pakistan - 8 (3, 3, 2), Great Britain - 7 (3, 1, 3) and Spain - 4 ( 1, 2, 1). Seven hockey players are three-time Olympic champions, and all of them are representatives of the Indian national team of different years: Richard Allen and Dhayan Chand (1928, 1932 and 1936), Leslie Claudius, Ranaganandhan Francis, Balbir Singh, Randhir Singh Gentle (1948, 1952, 1956) and Udham Singh (1952, 1956, 1964). In the women's Olympic hockey tournaments, three athletes have twice become Olympic champions: Rechell Hawks, Jacqueline Pereira and Line Toot, representing the Australian women's national team (1988 and 1996).

http://www.mohockey.ru

At the Summer Olympics, there are also hockey competitions, but only on grass. Honestly, I have never seen them, even while watching the Athens Olympics. It may not have been shown.

Field hockey - hockey - from English hockey, possibly from the old French hoquet - a shepherd's crook with a hook. Modern field hockey as a sport originated in the 19th century in England. In the same place, in the early 60s of the XIX century, hockey clubs began to be created. The first of them - "Blackheath", was organized in 1861 in London.

In 1875, the London Field Hockey Association formulated the first set of rules for this game. When the National Field Hockey Association was created in England in 1886, its uniform rules were adopted.

At the end of XIX - beginning of XX century. field hockey, which developed in England, Ireland, Wales, is becoming famous and gaining popularity in continental Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Denmark, Czechoslovakia and some other countries where national federations, associations or clubs cultivating this sport, as well as in India, Canada, USA.

The International Field Hockey Federation (FIH) was founded in 1924.
In the program of the Olympic Games field hockey since 1908 - men's teams, and since 1980 - women's teams. Field hockey was absent from the programs of two Olympics - 1912 and 1924.

Field hockey is the only sport in which India has Olympic gold medals.

In 2004, gold among the men's teams was won by the Australian team, among women - by Germany.

Rules.

Hockey is played by two teams of 11 players. The goal of the game is to drive the ball into the opponent's goal. The team that scores more goals in two 35-minute halves wins.
Players, excluding the goalkeeper, may only hit the ball with sticks and may be penalized for playing with their feet or other parts of the body. Wooden hook sticks must be flat on one side and rounded on the other. Players may only hit the ball with the flat side. The goalkeeper may use any part of the body to protect the goal from the ball while he (she) is in the goalkeeper's area.

Dangerous game.
Since the hockey ball weighs 156-163 g and 224-235 mm in diameter, and the sticks themselves can be dangerous, players are not allowed to lift the sticks above their heads and use them, creating conditions for a dangerous game. Most importantly, athletes should not send the ball into the air, except in scoring situations. The level of danger for each ball that has risen above the ground is determined by the official referees.
Unlike many other sports, in field hockey, players cannot use their body or stick to defend or obstruct other players from hitting the ball. By doing so or by physically interfering with other players, the athlete is breaking the rules.

Other rules.

• if the goalkeeper lies down on the ball, this is considered a violation;
• in a deliberate attack bad behavior or dangerous play, the athlete may be warned with a green card, penalized for five minutes with a yellow card, or sent off with a red card;
• a player warned by a yellow card may later return to the game;
• The game is controlled by two referees, one in each half of the field.

Field.
The ice hockey field measures 91.4 meters long and 55 meters wide. The central line divides it into two parts. At each end of the field there is an arc extending 14.6 m from the goal and denoting an area called the "scoring zone". The gate is 3.66m wide and 2.14m high.

Qualification.
current Olympic champion and the host country team are automatically included in the competition. The remaining participants qualify according to the results of the qualifying regional competitions. One team each from Europe, America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. The remaining teams qualify based on the results of the Olympic Qualifiers.

Good afternoon, my dear inquisitive! Glad to see you on the blog page. Do you love hockey? Maybe you are ardent fans of our national team or don't mind skating with a stick? Winter is ahead, and this means that soon a crowd of kids will fall out onto the flooded skating rinks of courtyards and huge stadiums, happily chasing the puck on the ice.

Have you ever wondered who invented hockey? And when did this winter sport come to our sports life as an organized game with rules and attributes? Let's look for answers to our questions, then to tell about it in the next research project.

Lesson plan:

Who started playing first?

The appearance of ice hockey on ice has long been at the center of controversy, no one is ready to give up the palm of parental championship, so in which country and in what year this game appeared - there will probably be versions about this for a long time.

Traditionally, Canada is considered the birthplace of hockey. Undoubtedly, the country of the maple leaf has made a huge contribution to the development of this popular today. winter sports, it was here that hockey was formed as a game. However, many are not ready to consider Canada as the ancestor. And that's why.

Historians say that the origins of hockey go back to the time of ancient Hellas, when they chased the ball on the grass there. A similar game was captured on the walls in the home of the Olympic Games in Athens.

Something reminiscent modern hockey existed in ancient China as early as 4500 years ago. Indians from the American continent were also not averse to passing the ball to each other with curved sticks in their free time, as evidenced by the frescoes with drawings that have survived to our times.

The Dutch are ready to call themselves the birthplace of hockey, as some of the paintings of their artists, dating back to the 16th century, depict people skating and playing on the ice of river channels.

They also have an engraving of the 18th century in their piggy bank, on which a nobleman froze on skates, and in his hands he has a stick like a modern one, which hockey players play.

Many argue that similar games on ice appeared by the 18th century in both England and Scandinavia. So, after the British conquest of Canada in the country of the maple leaf, many began to observe soldiers who attached knives to their shoes for cutting cheeses, chasing a wooden ball along frozen rivers and lakes. Sometimes the ball was replaced with ordinary stones.

The archive of Canadian court documents for 1847 contains complaints from residents of Montreal about the actions of young people who, at a public skating rink, "drove flat stones with sticks." This is the first documented evidence of the birth of hockey.

A severe battle is led by an ice squad,

We believe in the courage of desperate guys.

Real men play hockey.

Coward does not play hockey.

Hockey started to play: what's next?

As is now clear, ordinary amateurs began to actively play the game on ice in Canada in the middle of the 19th century. What happened next? How hockey stepped from frozen reservoirs to huge ice arenas and grew up in professional sports? A small marathon over the years.

There was another problem in that old hockey. Have you ever stuck to iron in the cold? I do not recommend, it hurts a lot. And the referee's whistle in the then hockey was metal! So he stuck his lips, poor, with every violation or a clogged puck. The referee's torment ended with the replacement of the iron assistant with a bell, and only then did they make a plastic whistle.

By the way, by this year the first ice rink with artificial ice had already been built in Montreal for playing hockey.

This is interesting! At first, the judges did not throw in the puck, but put it on the ice, as a result, from impatient players, they often got clubs on their hands. Only in 1914 did the rules change, facilitating the traumatic work of arbitrators.

How did the puck come about?

Did you know that the hockey puck familiar to us owes its appearance on the ice to an ordinary ball? At first, the wooden ball was an attribute of playing field hockey, then it smoothly switched to playing on ice, but was soon changed to a wooden disc. But wood is an inelastic material and impractical for this purpose.

In 1879, round bulges were cut off from a rubber ball, and since then hockey puck rubber base and flat shape.

The very first shells did not have clear dimensions and weight requirements. Only later, by trial and error, did those characteristics of the hockey puck appear that it corresponds to today. As the main material for it, rubber or plastic is used, which can withstand the onslaught of the game and exorbitant loads.

In order for the puck to be visible to hockey players during the game, soot is used in its manufacture. But it turns out that the color is different. We are all used to seeing the projectile as black. However, in training can be used:

Colored ones are understandable, they are still visible on the ice, but why do we need white ones? It's simple: they are designed exclusively for training goalkeepers in order to increase their concentration.

This is interesting! Standard sports equipment should be 2.54 cm thick, 7.62 cm in diameter, and can weigh from 150 to 170 grams. Of course, there are shells lighter and heavier. And before the game, the puck is frozen so that it does not jump on the ice like a spring. By the way, the speed of the puck launched from the stick reaches 160 km / h or more.

How did hockey come about?

With the advent of the puck, we figured it out. And how did hockey players come to the form in which they represent their teams today? After all, as we said earlier, in the first match, they “borrowed” baseball uniforms.

At first, Canadian hockey players wore ordinary knitted sweaters for matches, which differed only in color.

Over time, each team tried to be remembered not only by the game, but also by their appearance. To do this, they began to invent and apply different emblems so that the players were “know by sight”, they were written on their backs with numbers and surnames.

Yes, and the material from which the form for hockey players was made has changed. Today it is a well-known polyester, which is able to pass air, at the same time both light and durable.

Each hockey team at least two sets of uniforms - home and away. As a rule, a home suit is chosen in dark colors, but on the road, as for a holiday, in a light uniform.

This is interesting! Professional hockey players are superstitious: many of them do not shave before the game. This tradition was introduced by the Americans from New York, who, being groomed and not shaved, won 4 Stanley Cups in a row in 1980. In such lucky omen began to believe, only now it does not always help ...

Well, we have our own signs on the blog! For example, such

If you prepare well for the lesson, you will definitely get an A!

And yes, I almost forgot, would you like to decorate the defense of your project about the invention of hockey with the release of the Yeralash newsreel? I think it will make your classmates very happy, and the teacher will be interested)

That's all for today!

Success in your studies

Evgenia Klimkovich.