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Long and short wrist extensors. Short radial extensor of the wrist

Latin name extensor - extensor; carpi - wrist; radius - radial; brevis is short.

Muscle of the forearm of the lateral group.

Place of departure- Brachial bone.

Place of attachment- Base of the III metacarpal bone.

Action- Extends the brush.

Innervation- C5- 7.

Blood supply- a. radialis, a. recurrens radialis.

Finger extensor / Musculus extensor digitorum

Latin name exstensor - extensor; digit - finger.

Part of the surface group. Each extensor tendon of the fingers extends above each metacarpophalangeal joint, forming a triangular membranous plate called the extensor sheath or extensor stretch, to which the vermiform and interosseous muscles of the hand attach. The little finger extensor and the index finger extensor also attach to the membranous plate.

Place of departure- Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle humerus.

Place of attachment- Dorsal surfaces of all phalanges of four fingers.

Action- Extends the fingers (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints). Participates in the abduction (divergence) of the fingers from the middle finger.

Innervation

Blood supply- Recurrent interosseous artery and posterior interosseous artery through the common interosseous artery (from the ulnar artery).

Example: dropping objects held in hand.

Short thumb extensor / Musculus extensor pollicis brevis

Latin name extensor - to unbend; pollicis - thumb; brevis is short.

It is part of the deep muscle group. Lies distal long muscle, leading the thumb, to which it is closely attached.

Place of departure- The posterior surface of the radius, distally from the origin of the abductor thumb muscle. The adjacent part of the interosseous membrane.

Place of attachment- Base of the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

Action- Extends the thumb of the hand. Eliminates the wrist.

Innervation- Deep radial (posterior interosseous) nerve C6, 7, 8.

Blood supply- The posterior interosseous artery through the common interosseous artery (from the ulnar artery).

Basic functional movement- Example: opens a finger over a flat object.

Long wrist extensor - pain and soreness in the lateral epicondyle and in the area of ​​the anatomical snuffbox.

Short wrist extensor - pain in the back of the wrist and hand;

Ulnar extensor wrist - pain mostly on the ulnar side of the back of the wrist (muscle damage is rare and usually results from a serious injury such as an ulna fracture or frozen shoulder syndrome);

Brachioradialis muscle - the main pain is projected in the wrist and into the base of the thumb in the area between the thumb and forefinger, pain in the lateral epicondyle with soreness with weak tapping but its lower surface, which can also be caused by damage to the instep support of the forearm (with the defeat of the instep support, this pain is the main , whereas with a lesion of the brachioradial muscle, the pain is unstable and diffuse, pain with damage to the brachioradialis muscle rarely extends to the olecranon process). The muscle is often affected simultaneously with the extensors of the wrist, the extensor of the fingers and the instep support of the forearm, as well as the biceps and brachialis muscles.

Diseases such as carpal or carpal tenosynovitis or arthrosoarthritis of the small joints of the wrist have clinical manifestations very similar to lesions of the extensor muscles of the wrist and brachioradialis muscle. Combined such pathologies are very common. Residual soreness after muscle treatment means true joint or tendon inflammation. Lesions of the radial extensors of the wrist and brachioradialis muscle usually occur together. The defeat of only one muscle, most likely, can be associated with damage to the extensor of the fingers of the hand or instep support. Lesion of the extensor ulnar wrist is rare without affection of the adjacent parallel extensor muscle of the fingers of the hand. The defeat of the brachioradialis muscle often develops as secondary to the defeat of the instep support of the forearm and the long radial extensor of the wrist, then the lesion of the long extensors of the fingers of the hand develops, especially in the extensors of the middle and ring fingers. The distal medial head of the triceps brachii may also be affected, with pain in the lateral epicondyle.

The short radial extensor of the wrist can cause compression of the radial nerve with a completely pronated forearm with movement disorders in the form of weakness of the muscles innervated by this nerve (extensor of the index finger, long extensor thumb, short extensor of the thumb of the hand, radial extensor of the wrist, extensor of the fingers and extensor of the little finger, as well as the long muscle that abducts the thumb of the hand) or sensory disorders in the form of numbness and tingling in the dorsum of the metacarpus and thumb (see muscle - instep support of the forearm).

Radial extensors of the wrist. Long radial extensor of the wrist. It starts from the lower third of the humeral crest between the epicondyle and the attachment of the brachioradialis muscle, continues with a tendon from the proximal one-third of the forearm and attaches to the posterior radial surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone. Short radial extensor of the wrist. It starts from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament and to the intermuscular septum, passes through the thickest part of the abdomen on the border between the proximal and middle one-third of the forearm and attaches to the posterior radial surface of the base of the third metacarpal bone.

Elbow extensor of the wrist. It starts from the common extensor tendon, extending from the lateral epicondyle and is attached by a tendon to the ulnar surface of the base of the fifth metacarpal bone.

Brachioradialis muscle. Starting from the lower lateral third of the humerus, from the ridge of the humerus, passing into the lateral epicondyle, the humerus and the lateral intermuscular septum below the site of its penetration radial nerve and is attached by a tendon to the styloid process of the radius, connecting to nearby ligaments (some muscle fibers can attach to several carpal bones and to the third metacarpal bone).

Radial extensors of the wrist. Both muscles: Extension of the hand in the wrist joint is mainly carried out by the short radial extensor of the wrist together with the elbow extensor of the wrist and the extensors of the fingers of the hand; Abduction of the hand in the wrist joint (deviation to the radial side) is mainly carried out by the long radial extensor of the wrist together with the radial flexor of the wrist.

Elbow extensor of the wrist. Extension of the hand in the wrist joint (together with the radial extensors of the hand). The muscle is the main antagonist of wrist flexion at the wrist joint. Adduction of the hand in the wrist joint (deviation to the elbow side) is the main action, together with the wrist flexor.

Brachioradialis muscle. Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint (main function), especially when the arm is in a neutral position. Bringing the forearm to a neutral middle position from a pronation or supination position. The muscle takes limited part in pronation and very little (if at all) participates in forearm supination. Approximation of the articular surfaces of the elbow joint during flexion of the joint (in contrast to the biceps brachii and shoulder muscle, who share them somewhat). Abduction of the hand in the wrist joint (deviation to the radial side) (with atypical attachment of the muscle to the scaphoid or to the third metacarpal bone) together with the long radial extensor of the wrist.

Extensor muscles and instep supports of the hand - Guidance test - standing position. Execution: in a standing position, the patient directs the tips of the fingers of the hands down or up so that the bases of the palms fit snugly against each other. If the bases of the palms of the hands do not fit tightly to each other and a gap remains, then there is a functional block of the wrist joint for extension.

Wrist extensors and brachioradialis muscle - Stretch mobilization and post-isometric relaxation - sitting or supine position. Starting position and direction for stretching: Long and short radial extensors of the wrist. The affected arm is straightened at the elbow joint, the hand is pronated. The direction for stretching is flexion of the pronated hand at the wrist joint. Elbow extensor of the wrist. The position of the elbow does not matter. The direction for stretching is flexion and supination of the wrist in the wrist joint. Brachioradialis muscle. The arm is straightened at the elbow joint, the ulnar fossa is facing up, the elbow is pressed against the support (to prevent internal rotation of the shoulder), the forearm is fully pronated, the hand is pronated and deflected to the elbow side (hand abduction). The direction for stretching is flexion of the pronated hand. Doctor: standing on the side. For treatment in a sitting position, the doctor grabs the axillary fossa with his opposite hand the patient's shoulder, and the elbow joint with the hand of this hand. The hand of the same name is located on the back of the patient's left hand. Execution: Mobilization by stretching. The doctor gradually and slowly increases the amplitude of the initial displacement of the hand. Post-isometric relaxation. 1. The doctor performs preliminary passive stretching of the muscle by increasing the initial displacement of the hand with a small effort until a light springy comfortable feeling of tissue tension (elastic barrier) appears and holds it for 3-5 s to adapt (accustom) the muscle to stretching. 2. The patient looks up, breathes in slowly and smoothly, holds his breath and tries to contract the muscle, bringing the hand to a neutral position with minimal effort against an adequate light resistance of the doctor for 7-9 s. 3. The patient exhales slowly and smoothly, smoothly relaxes the muscles and looks down, and the doctor performs an additional soft smooth passive stretching of the muscle increasing the volume of the initial displacement of the hand with minimal effort until some springy resistance (tension) of the tissues appears or until slight pain appears within 5- 10 sec. In this new extended position, the muscle is held in tension for repetition of isometric work. 4. The technique is repeated 4-6 times without interruption of the stretching force between repetitions by carefully holding the muscle in a stretched state and without returning it to a neutral position. Self-directed post-isometric relaxation. It is done in the same way. For isometric loading and subsequent stretching of the muscle, pressure is used with the free hand on the wrist of the affected hand. Note: some manual therapy manuals recommend treatment of the radial extensors of the hand in the flexion position of the forearm, treatment of the ulnar extensor of the hand in the pronation position without deviating it in any direction.

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Muscle pain above or below the elbow

Muscle soreness is a symptom of injury muscle fibers... Such changes can be associated with both mechanical injuries with excessive stress on the muscles, and with serious diseases of the muscle tissue. The localization of pain and the patient's lifestyle also has great importance when diagnosing the cause of the disease and choosing a method of treatment. For example, if the muscles of the arm above the elbow hurt at professional athlete- we can assume the development of degenerative changes in the tendons of the biceps and triceps.

What muscles can hurt in the arms

In order to understand the source of pain, you need to know the anatomy of the muscles of the upper extremities. The muscular apparatus is responsible for the work of the joints, provides the mobility of the hands. All muscles are divided into 3 main groups, depending on their location and the joints on which they act.

Shoulder muscles

All muscles that are located in the shoulder area can be divided into 2 groups. They all originate near the shoulder joint and end at the elbow. When the muscle fibers contract, the flexor muscles cause the arm to bend at the elbow, and the extensors act in the opposite way.

The flexor muscles are located on the front of the shoulder:

  • coracohumeral muscle;
  • biceps shoulder muscle (biceps);
  • brachial muscle.

Extenders - back muscles shoulder:

If the muscles of the shoulder are injured, pain is felt above the elbow, which increases with the work of the shoulder and elbow joints... By the nature of the pain (acute, pulling, may intensify in motion or at rest), as well as the results of additional studies, it is possible to determine its cause and begin treatment.

Understanding the anatomy of the muscles of the upper extremities will help determine the source and cause of pain

Forearm muscles

The largest muscle of the forearm is the brachioradialis, it flexes the arm at the elbow. The rest of the muscles are responsible for the work of the wrist joint, ensuring its flexion and extension.

The wrist flexors are a group of muscles that are located on the front of the forearm:

  • radial and ulnar flexors of the wrist;
  • long palmar muscle.

The wrist extensors are a group of muscles that are located on the back of the forearm:

  • extensor of the wrist;
  • short and long radial extensors of the wrist.

If the muscles in the forearm are injured, pain is felt below the elbow. Such disorders affect the work of the elbow and wrist - the movements of these joints cause painful sensations.

Muscles of the hand

On the hands there are a large number of small muscles that move all the joints of the fingers. These muscles can be injured in everyday life by careless movements. In this case, pain is felt in the hand or fingers, and the work of the wrist joint may be difficult.

Causes of muscle pain in the arms

Pain is a sign of the development of inflammation or dystrophic changes in tissues. By the nature of painful sensations, you can determine the cause of their occurrence.

  • Acute pain is a symptom of stretching or rupture of muscle fibers, arthritis, neuropathic syndromes, and infectious diseases.
  • Aching muscle pain accompanies osteochondrosis, arthritis, chronic muscle inflammation.

When diagnosing a disease, it is important to know about the patient's occupation. How intense sports loads as well as the sedentary lifestyle of an office worker can cause soreness in the muscles of the hands, but the cause of their occurrence will be different.

Trauma

The muscle consists of individual fibers that are able to contract, setting the arm in motion. They are elastic, that is, they can withstand a significant load, but with careless movements or performing complex exercises, they can be injured. The most common injuries are muscle strains and tears.

Stretching is a pathology that occurs when a muscle is not able to withstand a load. The prognosis for this phenomenon is favorable, since the integrity of the muscle is not violated. Stretching can be suspected by its characteristic features:

  • moderate soreness that increases with movement;
  • low muscle tone.

The first signs often appear at the time of injury. The patient feels a spasm, which prevents further stretching of the fibers and their rupture. Symptoms disappear within a few days, during this time it is recommended to limit the intensity of exertion, apply an elastic bandage to the damaged area. In the first few days, cold compresses are applied, then warming ointments are shown.

Special elastic bandages are selected individually and applied to the damaged area

Rupture is a more serious injury in which the integrity of the fibers is compromised. They are distinguished by a complete rupture and a partial rupture, when some of the muscle fibers remain intact.

Symptoms arise directly from the injury:

With a complete rupture, urgent surgical intervention is necessary, during which a suture is applied to the muscle. If some of the fibers are intact, the limb is fixed with a plaster cast. After its removal, a recovery period of 6-8 weeks is indicated. During this time, the patient performs the set of exercises prescribed by the doctor, wears an elastic bandage, and physiotherapy is also useful.

Myositis

A number of symptoms are characteristic of myositis:

  • intense pain that increases with movement, but persists at rest;
  • limiting the mobility of the affected muscle, which affects the work of the limb;
  • on palpation, muscle compaction is felt, the appearance of tubercles is possible;
  • with prolonged chronic myositis, the affected muscle is visually thinner in comparison with the healthy one;
  • the infectious process is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, weakness, and the development of purulent inflammation.

General symptomatic treatment takes place in 2 stages. In the first few days, cold is shown at the site of damage; for this, ice or cooling compresses are used. Then the inflammatory process is stimulated with warming ointments and rubbing so that it does not go into the chronic stage.

Muscular rheumatism

Rheumatism is understood as the processes of destruction of muscle tissue, which are accompanied by pain and inflammation. The causes of this pathology can be trauma, infectious and metabolic diseases, hormonal and nervous disorders, as well as stress. Most often, such diseases are diagnosed in middle-aged women.

There are two forms of the course of muscular rheumatism:

  • Acute - begins with an increase in body temperature, then soreness and muscle tension occurs. Pain can change localization, that is, it manifests itself alternately in different muscles. Such signs continue for several days, then the disease can pass on its own or go into a chronic stage.
  • The chronic form of rheumatism lasts for several weeks or months and in the future can accompany the patient throughout his life. The muscles of the hands hurt when the climate or temperature changes, hypothermia or stress.

Treatment of the disease is complex. Therapy begins with the appointment of antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Warming up physiotherapy has a good effect, massotherapy, treatment in sanatoriums. Patients are shown psychological support, where a specialist will teach how to resist stress and pay attention to internal balance. In addition, the patient will be consulted about proper nutrition so that all the necessary vitamins and minerals are present in the diet.

Joint pathologies

Diseases of the joints cause disorders of the entire locomotor apparatus of the hands. All such diseases can be divided into two main groups:

  • arthritis - inflammatory pathologies that develop with injuries, infection of the joints, immunodeficiencies, nervous disorders;
  • arthrosis - changes in the structure of bones and joints of a non-inflammatory nature, caused by metabolic pathologies.

Mechanical damage to the joints leads to limitation of their mobility, inflammation and muscle atrophy.

For example, after an injury to the elbows, the muscles of the forearm suffer, myositis develops. Treatment in this case is aimed at preserving the function of the joint. Fixing bandages are used, patients are prescribed a course remedial gymnastics and medicines.

Osteoarthritis must be treated in the initial stages, otherwise it will be difficult to restore mobility to the hands.

Osteoarthritis can be contracted at any age, but the elderly are at risk. Most often, the joints of the phalanges of the fingers are affected symmetrically on both limbs. It is not possible to completely eliminate the symptoms, you can only prevent the development of the disease and relieve pain in the joints and muscles. The patient is advised to get rid of excess weight, adjust the diet, prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics (pain relievers).

Nervous system pathologies

The limbs receive nerve impulses through the spinal nerves. They originate from the lower cervical and first thoracic vertebrae and reach the shoulders, to the elbows, and then continue to the very tips of the fingers. Pinched nerves with cervical osteochondrosis or hernias cause a feeling of soreness and numbness in the hands, and their mobility decreases.

Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a physician. In some cases it is shown surgery, but more often the symptoms can be eliminated with the help of therapeutic exercises, medications, dietary and lifestyle correction. To support the spine, you can wear special collars that fix the vertebrae, relax the cervical muscles and prevent pinching of the nerves.

Infectious diseases

Bacterial diseases (influenza, brucellosis) often manifest muscle pain... They begin with an increase in body temperature and general weakness, then characteristic symptoms begin to develop. Diagnosis is based on laboratory analyzes, after which the doctor prescribes special drugs that destroy the pathogenic microflora. Treatment takes place in a hospital, then a rehabilitation period is shown to restore the body's defenses.

Pain in the muscles of the arms is dangerous symptom, which requires additional diagnostics from a doctor. Despite many reasons, the symptoms of many pathologies can be similar, and the treatment should be different. With an untimely start of therapy, there is a risk of transition of some pathologies to the chronic stage, which will continue to bother the patient for a long time. Even minor sprains require diagnostics and qualified medical attention.

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ATTENTION! All information on this site is for reference only or popular. Diagnosis and medication require knowledge of the medical history and examination by a physician. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you consult a doctor for treatment and diagnostics, and not self-medicate.

What can hurt your wrist

The section of the upper limb between the metacarpal bones and the forearm, formed by the eight bones, is called the wrist. This part of the hand is subjected to constant stress, as it is located in the most mobile part of the limb, so many are faced with the fact that the wrist hurts.

With prolonged and persistent pain in this part, it is important for the patient to immediately consult a specialist, since self-medication and ignoring the symptom itself can lead to irreversible consequences. In cases where the wrist hurts, you should seek help from the following doctors:

Causes of wrist pain

As a rule, many are faced with the fact that the wrist hurts when flexing and extending the hand. This significantly limits the mobility of the limb, and this condition can be due to various reasons. The factors that lead to the occurrence of such a syndrome include acute injuries and trauma, and various pathologies of the joints, muscles, bones and tendons can also be the causes of pain in the wrist.

Fractures, sprains and dislocations lead to acute injuries of the wrist of varying severity, accompanied by symptoms ranging from shock to deformity of the hands. There are cases when fractures of the wrist bones are not accompanied by acute pain, but proceed in a smoothed form.

IN Everyday life situations often arise when, after an unsuccessful bruise or fall, the wrist swells and severely hurts when bending, which limits the mobility of the limb. If the patient is not provided with health care, loss of arm mobility and other serious complications are not excluded.

Other causes of wrist pain are ligament tears, which often occur with abrupt, uncharacteristic flexions of the hands. Symptoms in this situation are similar to those that occur with bruises - pain, swelling, and limitation of movement of the wrist.

Tendon pathologies also lead to severe pain in the limb of the arm. The lack of timely medical intervention may well lead to complete or partial loss of hand mobility. These pathologies include tendon inflammations such as tendonitis, tendovaginitis and peritendinitis, which differ in the cause and location, namely:

  • Tendevitis - occurs in the flexor tendons that connect the metacarpal bones to the wrist. Usually the disease occurs in athletes and people who constantly make repeated movements with a strong load on the wrist (builders);
  • With tendovaginitis, the wrist hurts when bending the thumbs, since the tendons responsible for their movement are the site of the disease;
  • Peritendinitis occurs in the extensor tendons of the wrist joint and hand. With the disease, the wrist hurts sharply and the mobility of the thumb and forefinger is limited.

Carpal tunnel syndrome, or as it is also called, carpal tunnel syndrome, is an inflammation of a nerve that occurs when it is squeezed between the flexor retainer and the three bony walls. Because of it, the wrist hurts sharply, numbness of the hand occurs and the mobility of the fingers is complicated. Basically, the syndrome manifests itself in people whose activities are associated with increased activity of fine motor skills (artists, musicians, neurosurgeons, etc.).

Other reasons why the wrist hurts are joint pathologies, which are very diverse (arthrosis, arthritis, etc.). Their manifestation is due to many unfavorable factors, the consequence of diseases is serious complications, namely:

  • Deforming osteoarthritis, in which the cartilage tissue of the wrist joint is damaged. The cause of the occurrence is improperly healed fractures of the wrist bones or genetic and metabolic factors. In addition to the fact that the wrist is very sore, with the disease, increased sensitivity appears when pressing in the area of ​​inflammation. If the patient does not receive help on time, deformation of the hand is not excluded;
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which small joints are affected, the wrist hurts sharply and severely, fine motor skills and general hand mobility. The patient needs careful treatment and care, because there is a threat of a chronic inflammatory process that affects vital organs (heart, lungs) and disrupts the basic functions of the body. Lethal outcome is not excluded.

With pathologies of bone tissue, the wrist also hurts a lot, since they provoke an inflammatory process in the wrist area of ​​the hands. Sometimes, after examination, it turns out that pathologies are caused by necrosis, which lead to complete or partial death of bone tissue.

Prevention and Treatment of Wrist Pain

In order to avoid the condition when the wrist hurts, it is necessary to adhere to the row simple rules, namely:

  • Observe the principles of proper nutrition;
  • Perform brush massage during prolonged work at the computer;
  • Be careful when performing traumatic work;
  • Exercise regularly to strengthen your wrist muscles.

Timely diagnosis and early treatment of wrist pain are the guarantors that the patient will subsequently be able to avoid the development of many complications. Self-medication is strictly prohibited, since determining the root cause of the onset of pain is a difficult process even for a qualified doctor. Treatment directly depends on what caused the appearance of this symptom. If the pain is due to trauma, bruises, fractures, or stretch marks, the doctor will apply a bandage, cast or elastic bandage, etc. If pathologies are the cause, either surgical or conservative treatment of wrist pain is performed.

Many people face a problem when their wrist hurts after a long time working at the computer or when injuries occur. It is important to know that you should not try to cope with pain on your own in such situations, since improper treatment can be fraught with disastrous consequences.

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Symptoms of the disease - pain in the wrists

Pain and its causes by category:

Pains and their causes in alphabetical order:

wrist pain

For what diseases there is pain in the wrist:

Wrist sprains usually involve either the ligaments that hold together the lower ends of the two bones of the forearm, the radius and ulna, or the ligaments that hold the bones of the wrist (carpal bones) together.

Sharp, strong bending of the hand back.

Sharp pain in the wrist

Limiting the range of motion

Wrist tendinitis is especially common due to the narrowness of the membranes through which the tendons in this area pass. Even a slight irritation of the tendons causes induration in the membranes and a symptom of tendonitis such as crepitus - a cracking sensation in the tendon.

The most common tendonitis of the wrist is caused by inflammation of the two flexor tendons that run through the wrist to the hand and fingers.

This can be caused by repetitive flexion and extension of the wrist in a wide range of motion (frequent swinging of the object).

Wrist pain worsens with activity

A cracking sensation in the tendons

Difficulty grasping objects.

With a long-lasting process above or below the styloid process of the ray, and sometimes on both sides of the styloid process, a dense swelling appears, resembling an orange seed - this is a thickening of the scarred common tendon sheath of the above muscles. There are four pathognomonic symptoms of stenosing tenosynovitis:

Passive elbow abduction of the hand, clenched into a fist, causes pain in the wrist in the styloid process, sometimes the pain radiates to the tip of the thumb or up to the elbow joint;

Passive extension of the thumb is painless;

Limited soreness occurs when pressure is 1–1.5 cm distal to the end of the styloid process;

Tenosynovitis occurs with unusual, excessive movements of the thumb (in pianists, tailors, telephone operators, when twisting wet clothes).

The cause of the tunnel syndrome.

The cause of pain in carpal tunnel syndrome is a pinched nerve in the carpal tunnel. Pinching can be caused by swelling of the tendons passing in close proximity to the nerve, as well as swelling of the nerve itself.

The cause of a pinched nerve in tunnel syndrome is a constant static load on the same muscles, which can be caused by a large number of monotonous movements (for example, when working with a computer mouse) or an uncomfortable position of the hands, while working with a keyboard, in which the wrist is in constant tension.

Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms.

With the development of tunnel syndrome, there is constant pain and discomfort in the wrists, weakening and numbness of the hands, especially the palms.

It should be noted that pain in the hands can be caused not only by pinching of the carpal nerve, but also by damage to the spine (osteochondrosis, herniated intervertebral discs) in which the nerve from the spinal cord is damaged.

The main symptom of peritendinitis is wrist pain. With changes in the lower part of the forearm, swelling is sometimes visible along the tendon. Finger pressure in the affected area causes pain, and with active finger movements, you can detect tender crepitus ("suede" creak), feel it, and sometimes hear it.

Osteoarthritis of the lower radioulnar joint occurs with an incorrectly fused fracture of the radius in a typical place, with a fracture of the forearm bones with a rupture of the lower radioulnar joint and dislocation of the head of the ulna (plus-variant of the ulna).

Symptoms of radioulnar osteoarthritis are pain in the wrist during pronation-supination movements of the forearm, painful sensitivity when pressed from the dorsum over the region of the lower radioulnar joint.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of predominantly middle age between 25 and 55 years. Usually chronic; the inflammatory process, which begins in the joints of the fingers and toes, spreads centripetally, capturing the elbow, knee, shoulder and hip joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis also occurs in early childhood, in which its course is modified by the age characteristics of the patient. In children, the onset of the disease is more often acute and, in addition to the joints of the extremities, the joints are involved in a chronic inflammatory process cervical spine.

The joints in rheumatoid arthritis take a fusiform shape. Flexion arthrogenic contractures and deformities develop rapidly, which are difficult to correct. If preventive measures are not taken in a timely manner, then subluxations and dislocations may develop in the affected joints. In severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis, the hands deviate to the elbow side. Deformities of the fingers with rheumatoid arthritis have two main reasons. The first reason is the destruction of the capsule and ligaments deprives the joints of stability, and the traction of the tendons leads to the development of deformities - the fingers deviate to the elbow side, subluxations appear, as a result of which extension is limited. As a result, flexion-extensor contractures appear in the fingers affected by rheumatoid arthritis. The second cause of finger deformities is "spontaneous" tendon ruptures. The tendons involved in the rheumatoid process are destroyed, infiltrated by granulation tissue and, in places where they are subject to pressure and friction, are torn. Most often, the tendons of the long extensor of the thumb (m. Extensor poll. Longus) at the level of the Lister's tubercle and separate tendons of the common extensor of the fingers (m. Extensor digitorum longus) at the level of the radioulnar joint are torn. The rupture is usually preceded by pain at the back of the wrist joint.

The first stage (onset) often appears after an injury that is painful for one to two weeks;

The remission period lasts several months;

An active period of illness with symptoms lasting several years, and

Osteoarthritis of the wrist joint with persistent, persistent pain.

Wrist pain, mild at first, worse with manual work. Painful sensitivity appears when pressing on the affected bone, as well as when tapping a finger on the head of the third tarsal bone during sleepwalking and on the head of the first phalanx of the thumb when the scaphoid is affected.

Which doctor should i contact if there is a pain in the wrist

Are you experiencing wrist pain? Do you want to know more detailed information or do you need an inspection? You can make an appointment with the doctor Eurolab always at your service! The best doctors will examine you, study the external signs and help determine the disease by symptoms, advise you and provide the necessary assistance. You can also call a doctor at home. The Eurolab clinic is open for you around the clock.

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Short radial extensor of the wrist, m. extensor carpi radialis brevis, is somewhat covered by the previous muscle in the proximal section, and in the distal it is intersected by the muscles that extend more superficially and extend the thumb. The muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the radial collateral ligament of the annular ligament of the radial bone. Heading down, it passes into the tendon, which lies next to the tendon of the previous muscle in the sheath of the tendons of the radial extensors of the wrist, vagina tendinum mm. extensorum carpi radialium, is attached at the base of the III metacarpal bone. At the place of insertion of the tendon lies a small bag of the short radial extensor of the wrist, bursa m. extensoris carpi radialis brevis.

Function: unbends the brush and slightly removes it.

Innervation: n. radialis [(CV) CVI-CVII].

Blood supply: a. radialis, a. recurrens radialis.

  • - m. extensor carpi radialis longus, - a fusiform muscle with a narrow tendon, in length significantly exceeding the abdomen ...

    Human Anatomy Atlas

  • - m. extensor pollicis brevis, located in the lower part of the forearm along the lateral edge of its dorsal surface ...

    Human Anatomy Atlas

  • - m. extensor hallucis brevis, lies inside of the previous muscle ...

    Human Anatomy Atlas

  • - m. extensor digitorum brevis, a flat muscle that lies directly on the dorsum of the foot ...

    Human Anatomy Atlas

  • - m. extensor carpi ulnaris, has a long, fusiform abdomen and is located along the inner edge of the dorsal surface of the forearm. The muscle begins with two heads - the shoulder and the ulnar ...

    Human Anatomy Atlas

  • - m. flexor carpi radialis, is a two-pinnate flat long muscle. Located lateral to all of the forearm flexors ...

    Human Anatomy Atlas

  • - a grooved depression formed by the bones of the wrist on its palmar surface; in B. z. the flexor tendons of the fingers are located ...

    Large medical dictionary

  • - the space limited by the sulcus of the wrist and the flexor retinaculum ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • - see the List of anat. terms ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • - see the List of anat. terms ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • - see the List of anat. terms ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • - see the List of anat. terms ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • - see the List of anat. terms ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • - see the List of anat. terms ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

  • - see the List of anat. terms ...

    Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

"Short radial extensor of the wrist" in books

Palmistry of the wrist

From the book The Big Book of Secret Knowledge. Numerology. Graphology. Palmistry. Astrology. Fortune telling author Schwartz Theodor

Palmistry of the wrist There are a number of lines on the person's wrist that are no less significant than those in the palm of the hand. You need to bend your arm to see them better (Fig. 3.57). Rice. 3.57. The hand should be held like this All together the lines of the wrist are called

Wrists

From the book Miracles of Healing Archangel Raphael author Virce Doreen

Wrists Dear Archangel Raphael, thank you for your help, my wrists have become flexible as before. And now I am ready to get rid of everything unhealthy that I have clung to. Thank you for healing my wrists and completely restoring them to their normal range.

Radiation fever attack

From the book Transforming Elements the author Boris Ignatievich Kazakov

Attack of radiation fever A chemist “without knowledge of physics is like a person who must search for everything by touching. And these two sciences are so created among themselves that one cannot be perfect without the other. ”These are the words of the great Russian scientist MV Lomonosov. Chemists found a common language with

A victim of radiation fever

From the book Who the apple fell on the author Kesselman Vladimir Samuilovich

Radiation Fever Victim Search Pattern of various kinds radiation would be incomplete, if not to talk about the amazing "discovery" that excited society at the beginning of the last century. In the late autumn of 1903, Professor R. Blondlot, head of the Physics Department at the University of

Cut wrist

From the book Combat training of security personnel the author Zakharov Oleg Yurievich

Cutting the wrist In a fight, when it is decided whether to survive or die, a wound to the wrist is considered fatal by most specialists. But this is not the case. A deep cut on the inner (palmar) side of the wrist is dangerous because the main arteries - the radial and ulnar - are affected.

musculus extensor, oris m - extensor muscle

From the author's book

musculus extensor, oris m - extensor muscle Approximate pronunciation: extEnsor.Z: Young recruits timidly came to the army. On the face of all the excitement ... Then the sergeant suffered: “UNBEND, STAND TO THE WALLS. You must have bearing. You, as if all from captivity, No desire

Radiation hepatitis

From the book Hepatitis. Most effective methods treatment the author Popova Yulia Sergeevna

Radiation hepatitis Radiation hepatitis is a rare form of hepatitis that develops when the body is exposed to large doses of ionizing radiation. The time of the onset of the formation of radiation hepatitis falls on 3-4 months of the disease, when the bone marrow lesion is usually already

Radiation therapy nutrition

From the book Healing Nutrition for Cancer. Is there an alternative "cancer diet"? author Kruglyak Lev

Nutrition with radiation therapy Radiation therapy is a method of local action on tumor tissues with the aim of destroying them. However, sensitive healthy tissues can also be damaged. To decrease side effect, use an adjustable irradiation intensity and

Wrists

From the book Homeopathic Reference the author Nikitin Sergey Alexandrovich

Wrists Painful tenderness in the wrists, as if they were broken or dislocated; pain and paralysis in the wrists, worse in cold weather, better with movement - Ruta Swelling of the wrist joints (and joints of the toes) -

15. Curvature of the wrist

author Tsatsulin Pavel

15. Curvature of the wrist Get down on your knees and place your palms in front, pointing your fingers towards you, as far as possible for you. Keep your elbows straight throughout the exercise. Gently transfer some of the weight into your palms until you feel a stretch with inside

16. Stretching the wrist

From the book Stretching-Relaxation author Tsatsulin Pavel

16. Stretching the wrist Take the same pose as in the previous exercise, except that you need to lean on the back of your hands. Keep your elbows straight during the exercise. Experiment with the direction of your fingers, rotate them

Demonstration of the Wrist

From the book Body Language [How to read the thoughts of others by their gestures] author Pease Alan

Demonstration of the Wrist A woman interested in a potential sexual partner will periodically show him the smooth, delicate skin of her wrists. The wrist area has always been considered one of the most erogenous zones. When a woman speaks to a man, she

Wrist massage

From the book Healing. Volume 2. Introduction to Anatomy: Structural Massage the author Underwater Absalom

Massage of the wrist In the direction across the forearm (Fig. 4.19) with a finger (Boomerang or Weighted boomerang), carefully perform an elliptical massage or Double roll. The massage line, bypassing the wrist from all sides, eventually forms something like a bracelet width

Wrists

From the book Where is his button? author Robbins Tina

Wrists Although this area can be bypassed by partners, it has its own meaning. To open it, place your partner's palms up and touch your wrists with your fingertips. A few seconds after fondling, use your lips, teeth and tongue to lick and nibble slightly

7.1.6. ELECTRONIC BEAM HEATING

From the book History of Electrical Engineering the author The team of authors

7.1.6. ELECTRONIC BEAM HEATING Initial period. The technology of electron beam heating (melting and refining of metals, dimensional processing, welding, heat treatment, evaporation coating, decorative surface treatment) is based on the achievements of physics,

Beginning: lateral epicondyle, lateral intermuscular septum of the shoulder.

Attachment: base of the II metacarpal bone.

Function: extension of the hand, abduction of the hand (in conjunction with the radial flexor of the wrist).

    Short radial extensor of the wrist (m. Extensor carpi radialis brevis)(3).

Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments.

Attachment: base of the III metacarpal bone.

Function: extension of the hand, abduction of the hand.

The ulnar group of the superficial layer includes 3 muscles.

    Finger extensor (m. Extensor digitorum)(4); the tendons of this muscle at the level of the heads of the metacarpal bones are interconnected by fibrous bundles - intertendinous joints (connexusintertendineus). At the base of the proximal phalanges, the tendons are divided into 3 legs - 2 lateral and middle.

Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, articular capsule of the elbow joint, fascia of the forearm.

Attachment: the bases of the distal phalanges (lateral legs of the tendons), the bases of the middle phalanges (middle legs) of the IIV toes.

Function: finger extension, wrist extension.

    Extensorpinky(m. extensor digiti minimi) (5).

Onset: splits off from the extensor of the fingers.

Attachment: the base of the distal phalanx of the V finger (together with the tendon from the extensor digitorum).

Function: unbends the little finger (V finger).

    The elbow extensor of the wrist (m. Extensor carpi ulnaris)(6) has two heads: shoulder and ulnar.

Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the body of the ulna and the capsule of the elbow joint.

Attachment: base of the V metacarpal bone.

Function: extension of the hand, adduction of the hand (together with the elbow flexor of the wrist).

In a deep layer the posterior group (Fig. 95 b) contains 5 muscles:

    Instep support(m. supinator) (1).

Beginning: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the instep support of the ulna, capsule of the elbow joint.

Attachment: the upper end of the radius.

Function: rotation of the radius, and with it the hand outward, supinatio; extension in the elbow joint.

    Long muscle, abducting the thumb of the hand (m. Abductor pollicis longus) (2).

Beginning: middle third of the radius and ulna, the interosseous membrane of the forearm.

Attachment: base of the I metacarpal bone.

Function: thumb abduction, hand abduction.

    Shortextensor of the thumb (m. extensor pollicis brevis)(3).

Beginning: radius bone, interosseous membrane.

Attachment: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

Function: extension of the thumb, abduction of the thumb.

    Longextensor of the thumb brush (m. extensor pollicis longus)(4).

Beginning: the ulna and the interosseous membrane of the forearm.

Attachment: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.

Function: extension of the thumb of the hand.

    Extensorindex finger (m. extensor indicis)(5).

Beginning: the lower third of the ulna and the interosseous membrane of the forearm.

Attachment: middle and distal phalanges (together with the extensor tendon of the fingers).

Function: extension of the index finger.

Muscles of the hand

M The muscles of the hand (Fig. 96 a, b, c) are located on the palmar surface and are divided into three groups: 1lateral muscle group that forms the eminence of the thumb, or the muscles of the eminence of the thumb (thenar) (muscles of the thumb); 2medial muscle group, forms the elevation of the little finger (hypothenar), or the muscles of the little finger (muscles of the 5th finger); 3 middle muscle group, or muscles of the palmar cavity (palmamanus).

Rice. 96. Muscles of the right hand (front view):

but- the superficial layer of muscles (the tendons of the superficial flexor of the fingers are preserved); b- superficial; in- deep layer of muscles of the eminences of the thumb and little finger (interosseous muscles are removed)

    Lateral group muscle is located around the 1st metacarpal bone, acts on the thumb (pollex) and includes 4 muscles:

    short muscle abducting the thumb of the hand (m. abductorpollicisbrevis) (1), lies on the lateral side of the eminence of the thumb;

    short flexor of the thumb brush (m. flexor pollicis brevis)(2) has 2 heads: a) superficial head (caput superficiale); b) deep head (caputprofundum) , between the heads is the long flexor tendon of the thumb (m. flexor pollicis longus);

    muscle opposing the thumb of the hand (m. opponenspollicis) (3), lies under m.abductorpollicisbrevis;

    muscle adductor thumb (m. adductorpollicis) (4), has two heads: a) oblique head (caput obliquum); b) transverse head (caput transversum).

The muscles of the lateral group begin from the stretching of the flexors (retinaculumflexorum) and the nearest bones of the wrist, with the exception of the muscle adducting the thumb of the hand, starting from the third metacarpal bone, and are attached to the proximal phalanx of the thumb and sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal joint, the thumb, opposite thumb of the hand (m.opponenspollicis), which is attached to the metacarpal bone.

    Medial group muscles surrounds the V metacarpal bone, acts on the little finger (5th finger) and includes 4 muscles:

    short palmar muscle (m. palmaris brevis)(5) (rudimentary cutaneous muscle);

    muscle abductor little finger (m. abductor digiti minimi)(6) occupying the most medial position in this muscle group;

    short flexor of the little finger (m. flexor digiti minimi brevis)(7);

    the muscle opposing the little finger (m. opponensdigitiminimi) (8), lying lateral to the previous muscle.

The short palmar muscle (m.palmarisbrevis) starts from the inner edge of the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum.

Attachment: Woven into the skin of the little finger eminence.

The rest of the muscles of the medial group start from the stretching of the flexors (retinaculum flexorum) and the nearest bones of the wrist (pisiform bone, hook of the uncinate bone) and attach to the proximal phalanx of the little finger (Vfinger), with the exception of the muscle opposing the little finger (m.opponensdigitiminim), which is attached to the V ...

Function: matches the names of the muscles.

    Middle group muscle occupies the intercarpal spaces, acts on the IIV fingers and includes 4 worm-like muscles (musculilumbricales); 3 palmar interosseous muscles (musculiinterosseipalmares) and 4 dorsal interosseous muscles (musculiinterosseidorsales).

    Worm-like muscles (musculilumbricales) (9) connect the superficial flexor and extensor tendons of the fingers (4 muscles). Each starts from the radial edge of the corresponding deep flexor tendon of the fingers, attaches to the dorsum of the base of the proximal phalanx of the IIV fingers.

Function: flexion of the main and extension of the middle and distal phalanges of the fingers.

Start : ulnar side II, radial side IV and V metacarpals, attachment - capsules of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the II, IV and V fingers.

Function: adduction of the II, IV and V fingers to the III toe, flexion of their main and extension of the middle and distal phalanges.

    Dorsal interosseous muscles (musculi inte-rossei dorsales)(Fig. 97 b) - abductors, 4 in number, are located in the I, II, III and IV intercarpal spaces.

Each muscle begins with two heads from the facing surfaces of two adjacent metacarpal bones and attaches to the proximal phalanges of the II and III fingers from the radial side (1st and 2nd dorsal interosseous muscles), III and IV - from the ulnar side (3- I and 4th muscles).

Function: abduction of II, III, IV fingers, flexion of their main and extension of the middle and distal phalanges.

68. THE ROUND PRONATOR BEGINS

On the medial epicondyle of the shoulder

2) on the lateral epicondyle of the shoulder

3) on the olecranon

4) on the humerus block

69. SURFACE FINGER BENDER ATTACHING POINT

1) proximal phalanx of 2-5 fingers

2) distal phalanx of 2-5 fingers

Middle phalanx 2-5 fingers

4) 2-5 metacarpal bones

70. IN THE THIRD LAYER OF MUSCLES ON THE FRONT ARM

Deep finger flexor

3) square pronator

4) radial flexor of the wrist

71. IN THE SECOND LAYER OF MUSCLES ON THE FRONT ARM SURFACE IS

2) radial flexor of the wrist

Superficial finger flexor

4) long flexor of the thumb

72. THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OF THE SHORT FINGER EXTENSION IS

1) 1st metacarpal bone

Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

3) distal phalanx of the thumb

4) the head of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

73. TO THE MUSCLES OF THE ELEVATION OF THE THUMB OF THE BRUSH RELATED TO

1) short palmar muscle

Brushes

3) the first dorsal interosseous muscle

Adductor thumb muscle

74. THE MUSCLES OF THE ESTIMATION OF THE PINKY FINGER RELATED TO

1) long palmar muscle

2) muscle instep support

Muscle abductor little finger

4) the extensor of the fingers

75. FUNCTION OF THE WORM-SHAPED MUSCLES OF THE BRUSH

1) extension of the proximal phalanges

Flexion of the proximal phalanges

3) adduction of II, IV, V fingers

4) flexion of the middle phalanges

76. IN THE FIRST CHANNEL OF THE WRIST ARE

Abductor thumb tendon

2) the long radial extensor tendon of the wrist

3) the tendon of the long extensor of the thumb of the hand

4) the tendon of the short radial extensor of the wrist

77. THE INNER GROUP OF THE PELVIS MUSCLES RELATES

1) large gluteus muscle

3) sartorius

Iliopsoas muscle



78. THE LUMBAR IS ATTACHED

1) to the patella

2) to a large spit

To the small spit

4) to the intertrochanteric ridge

79. POINT OF ATTACHMENT OF THE GREAT MUSCLE

1) small spit

2) large skewer

3) gluteal tuberosity

4) intertrochanteric ridge

80. TO THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR THIGH GROUP RELATES

1) quadriceps muscle

2) comb muscle

Square muscle hips

81. TO THE MUSCLES OF THE HINDHEEP GROUP RELATED TO

1) gluteus maximus muscle

Biceps hips

3) sartorius muscle

4) thin muscle

82. DEEP LAYER OF THE BACK GROUP OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SHIN FORM

1) long finger extensor

2) long peroneal muscle

3) plantar muscle

Posterior tibial muscle

83. THE MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL GROUP ON THE SOLE RELATED TO

Short flexor of the thumb

2) short extensor of the thumb

3) plantar muscle

4) posterior tibial muscle

84. THE MIDDLE GROUP OF MUSCLES OF THE LOWER SURFACE OF THE FOOT RELATES

1) the muscle that abducts the little toe

2) short extensor of the thumb

Short finger flexor

4) short extensor of the fingers

85. THE MUSCLES OF THE BACK OF THE FOOT ARE RELATED TO

1) short peroneal muscle

2) plantar interosseous muscles

3) abductor thumb muscle

Short extensor of the thumb

86. FEMORAL TRIANGLE IS LIMITED

Inguinal ligament

2) comb ligament

3) comb muscle

4) the ilium

87. LOCATION OF THE MUSCULAR LACQUE

1) large sciatic foramen

2) small sciatic foramen

Behind the inguinal ligament

4) medial to the ilio-comb arch

88. PASSES THROUGH THE MUSCLE LACQUA

1) piriformis muscle

Iliopsoas muscle

3) comb muscle

4) femoral artery

89. PASSES THROUGH LARGE SEAT HOLE

2) internal obturator muscle

3) external obturator muscle

Piriformis muscle

90. PASSES THROUGH THE SMALL SEAT HOLE

1) iliopsoas muscle

Internal obturator muscle

3) piriformis muscle

4) external obturator muscle

91. THE WALLS OF THE FEMORAL CANAL FORMS

1) comb ligament

2) transverse fascia

Femoral vein

4) femoral nerve

92. SURFACE RING OF THE FEMORAL CANAL LIMITED

1) spermatic cord

2) iliac-comb arch

3) inguinal ligament

Crescent edge of ethmoid fascia

93. THE WALLS OF THE LEADING CHANNEL ARE FORMED

Big adductor muscle

2) a short adductor muscle

3) comb muscle

4) the long adductor muscle

94. PREKLENE FOLE LIMITS

1) the quadriceps muscle of the thigh

Semi-membranous muscle

3) soleus muscle

4) short peroneal muscle

95. OPENS INTO THE KNEE

1) femoral canal

2) obturator channel

3) ankle-popliteal canal

4) superior muscular-peroneal canal

96. CHANNEL COMMUNICATING WITH ANKLE-KNEE CHANNEL

1) the lower muscular-peroneal canal

2) the leading channel

Superior peroneal canal

4) femoral canal

97. PARTICIPATES IN THE FORMATION OF THE WALLS OF THE LOWER MUSCULO-FIBERAL CANAL

1) the anterior surface of the fibula

2) long finger flexor

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