The pike perch is a relative of the perch, which lives only in clean water provided with oxygen for his life and work. This fish is free of phosphates and other impurities. The growth of a pike perch is 35 cm. Its maximum weight is 20 kg.

Pike perch meat is light and low-fat, but very tasty. It is rich in phosphorus, chromium, sulfur, potassium, fluorine, cobalt, iodine and vitamin P. The composition of this fish is quite healthy.

Bersh

Bersh also belongs to the perch family. His height is 45 cm. The most heavy weight fish is 1.4 kg. This species lives in rivers that flow into the Black and Caspian Seas.

Bersh feeds on not very large fish, mainly gudgeon. The meat is similar to pike perch, but slightly softer.

Perch

Perch lives in rivers, lakes, ponds that have only clean water. That is, we can say that this fish is not picky and is found almost everywhere, where it is clean.

To catch a perch, you need to use only certain thin gear. Thanks to this, catching him is quite interesting and entertaining.

Ruff

In appearance, the ruff looks like a monster. It has spiky fins to protect itself from predatory fish like pike. This fish is found in ponds and rivers, however, depending on the habitat, it changes color. Height is 13 cm and weight is approximately 400 g.

Such ruff growth depends on the excess of crayfish, insects and larvae that they feed on. This type of fish is common in many European countries. It is found mainly in the river, lake, seashore and ponds.

Spawns from two days to several weeks. This fish does not like sunlight, so you can find it at a depth of at least two meters.

Chop

This fish is extremely rare in our area, so few people know about it. The fish belongs to the perch family. It has an elongated, fusiform body, decorated with a protruding snout.

This fish is small in size, that is, its length is less than 1 foot. The main place of residence of the chop is the Danube River with adjacent tributaries.

Chop feeds on worms, mollusks, fish of not huge sizes. The eggs, which have a bright yellow color, are thrown from the end of April.

Pike

Pike belongs to the pike family. It became widespread in fresh water bodies of the Eurasian and North American continents. We can say that this fish is distributed almost all over the world only in water that is saturated with oxygen.

When the amount of oxygen decreases, it dies. Height is 1.5 m, weight varies within 35 kg. The body and head of a pike are elongated. It can spawn only at temperatures from three to six degrees. The pike is a predatory fish.

It feeds mainly on low-value fish. Dwells everywhere. The meat is low in fat and dietary. They live no more than 25 years. In cooking, this type of fish is used raw, boiled, fried and stewed.

How to catch more fish?

I have been active fishing for quite some time now and have found many ways to improve my bite. And here are the most effective ones:

1. ... Attracts fish in cold and warm water with the help of pheromones and stimulates their appetite. It is a pity that Rosprirodnadzor wants to ban its sale.
2. More sensitive gear. You can find reviews and instructions for other types of gear on the pages of my website.
3. Pheromone baits.

Remaining secrets successful fishing you can get it for free by reading my other materials on the site.

Roach

Roach became widespread in Russian Federation.

She lives in rivers, ponds and lakes.

The color of a fish depends on the composition of the water in which it lives.

It looks like a rudd.

Roach feeds mainly on algae, fry of various small fish and various midge larvae.

With the onset of winter, it leaves to winter.

Spawning begins later than pike, somewhere in late spring, and before spawning is covered with small white specks.

Roach roe is very soft, transparent and has a green tint.

Bream

Bream is a soft fish, but it has a delicious taste. Prefers to dwell in calm waters with a slow current.

Their life expectancy is 20 years, however, they grow slowly. For example, a bream that lives for 10 years has a weight of only three or four kilograms.

The fish has a silvery-dark color. Life expectancy is seven to eight years. The length ranges from 41 cm, and the weight reaches 800 g. It begins to spawn in the spring.

It feeds on aquatic plankton, invertebrate larvae and crayfish molluscs. It lives mainly in the Black and Caspian Seas. In cooking, it is used in different forms: fried, boiled, salted, smoked and dried.

Guster

Guster belongs to sedentary fish.

The color is bluish gray. The life span of a fish is no more than 15 years.

The length is 35 cm and the weight is 1.2 kg. These fish do not grow quickly. They live in calm waters.

Spring and autumn for silver bream are a period of formation of numerous flocks and dense clusters.

This is where the name of the fish comes from.

It feeds mainly on insect larvae and molluscs of small fish.

The silver bream usually spawns at night, in late May or early June, at a water temperature of 15 to 17 ° C with a duration of 1 to 1.5 months.

Fish became widespread in European countries. The meat has a lot of bones and is tasteless.

Carp

The carp has a dark yellow-golden color. The fish has a lifespan of 30 years, but it stops growing at 7 or 8 years. The weight is from 1 to 3 kg, and the height is 100 cm.

The carp is a freshwater fish, but it is also found in the Caspian Sea. In summer, it feeds on young shoots of reeds and other aquatic plants, as well as young eggs of spawning fish, and in the fall begins to eat various small insects and invertebrates.

Carp

Carp belongs to the carp family. Has a mustache. Fish feed on undercooked potatoes, bread crumb and cake. V winter period time, carps hibernate. They are highly insatiable and gluttonous.

Life expectancy is about 100 years. The fish is yellow-green and brown in color. Inhabits rivers, reservoirs, rates, lakes that have a bottom filled with silt.

Fish spawn at a water temperature of 18 to 20 degrees in the morning. The weight is about 9 kg. It is considered food fish in China, and decorative food in Japan.

Carp

Crucian carp is the most famous fish among the people.

Lives in almost all water bodies and ponds in Russia.

It belongs to the carp family. It resembles a carp, only it does not have a mustache.

This fish is hardy and undemanding to water quality. They react little to a lack of oxygen.

In winter, the fish can freeze into the ice and not die if the internal fluid does not freeze.

Weighs 0.5 kg.

Spawns at a temperature of at least 14 degrees.

Tench

Inhabits rivers and reservoirs overgrown with plants and covered with duckweed carpet.

It is considered to be a strong fish. It is good to catch tench starting from August. In terms of taste, the fish is not worse than carp and pike perch. It also makes a good ear.

Chub

The chub is a freshwater fish. Belongs to the carp family. It is 80 cm long and weighs about 8 kg. Uses aerial insects, young crayfish, fish and frogs as food.

Widespread in European countries and Asia Minor. Spawns at water temperatures from 12 to 17 ° C. Likes to live in areas with strong currents.

Ide

Ide is widespread in all rivers and water bodies of European countries. Prefers slow current and deep places. Does not hibernate. Pretty hardy fish. The length ranges from 35 to 63 cm, the weight ranges from 2 to 2.8 kg.

Life expectancy reaches 20 years. It feeds on animal, plant foods. Ide spawns in spring at temperatures from 2 to 13 degrees.

Asp

Asp is the most common species of the carp family.

Has a dark bluish gray color.

The fish is 120 cm tall and weighs 12 kg.

This species lives in the Black and Caspian Seas.

Likes to swim in fast bodies of water, avoid stagnant places.

Chekhon

It has a silvery, grayish and yellowish color. The fish is 60 cm long and weighs 2 kg. Life expectancy is 9 years. The fish grows pretty quickly.

Lives in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, the sea. Young fish first eat phytoplankton and zooplankton, and at the end of summer they feed on insect larvae. Lives in the Baltic Sea.

Rudd

By appearance rudd is similar to roach, but much more attractive. Height is 51 cm and weight is 2.1 kg. Life expectancy ranges from 19 years.

It is found in the rivers that flow into the Caspian, Azov, Black and Aral seas. Fish are eaten by animals and plant microorganisms. They especially love shellfish caviar.

Meat contains many beneficial minerals such as phosphorus, chromium, vitamin P, proteins and fats.

Podust

The pust has a long body. The fish has a lifespan of 10 years. The length reaches 40 cm and the weight is 1.6 kg. Loves fast flowing rivers.

It feeds on microscopic algae that lie at the bottom of rivers. Spawn in April at temperatures between 6 and 8 degrees. Distributed throughout Europe.

Bleak

Bleak is a fish that is known to every person who has taken a fishing rod in his hands at least once. It belongs to the carp family. The size of the fish is from 12 to 15 cm, and the weight reaches about one hundred grams.

It lives in rivers that flow into the Black, Baltic and Azov seas.

Bystryanka

Bystryanka is similar to ordinary bleak. This is a rather small fish and its maximum size was no more than 10 cm. It has a brownish-green color. Weighs about 2 g. Lives about 6 years.

It grows very slowly. It takes zooplankton and algae as food.

Gudgeon

Gudgeon belongs to the carp family.

The body is fusiform fish.

The size is 15-22 cm.

It is found in water bodies.

Spawns in spring.

Accepts larvae and small invertebrates as food

Cupid white

Fish "White Amur" belongs to the carp family. He takes only aquatic plants, which are distinguished by high growth rates, as food. The fish is 1.2 m tall and weighs 32 kg. This type of fish is widespread all over the world.

Silver carp

Silver carp feeds on microscopic algae in huge sizes. This is an industrial fish that is easy to acclimatize. She weighs 8 kg. Belongs to the carp family. The fish has teeth that are designed to flatten algae.

Silver carp is widespread in the Republic of China and the Central Asian region. The length of the fish reaches 1 m, and the weight is 25 kg. He is an industrial fish. Silver carps love warm water. In the rivers, they select places with fast flow... Spawn in early spring.

Catfish

Catfish is a large freshwater scaly fish of the catfish family. Its length reaches 5 m, and its weight is 400 kg. The color is brown. Lives in the Russian Federation and other European countries. Refers to inactive fish.

Channel catfish

Channel catfish is a fish belonging to the catfish family. It includes 37 species of fish that live in North America. The fish has a very slender, scaly body and a huge mustache, which is of particular interest.

Fish spawn at a temperature of 28 degrees. Channel catfish is a thermophilic fish, but it can winter under ice.

Acne

Eel is freshwater fish, which belongs to the river eel family. This fish is predatory. Lives in the Baltic, Azov, Black and Barents Seas. It looks like a snake.

It has an elongated cylindrical body and a small head, which is flattened in front. This fish is found in waters with a clay bottom. The eel feeds on a variety of animals that live in mud, crayfish, worms, larvae, and snails.

The length is 47 cm, and the mass can reach 8 kg.

Snakehead

The snakehead fish lives in swampy areas. It looks like a snake

Burbot

Burbot belongs to the order of cod-like.

It has a long, small and round body.

The color is brown and gray.

But it can change depending on the habitat.

This fish spawns in the cold season.

Prefers cold and clean water bodies.

Burbot belongs to predators.

It hunts mainly at night.

It feeds on invertebrates and zooplankton. Burbot is an industrial fish.

Loach

The loach fish is one of the representatives of a small group of fish characterized by a long

List of fish found in freshwater reservoirs. These are predatory fish and peaceful fish species, primarily river fish and lake fish. The list contains names, descriptions, and photos of fish in their habitat. The fish on the list are characterized from several points of view:

• Ichthyological: features of fish as a species, habitat, fish nutrition, spawning;
• Culinary: nutritional value of fish, taste, properties of meat, fat content, boneiness;
• Fishing: fish as an object of amateur and sport fishing.

The habits of fish, methods of fishing, tackle and bait are described. Examples of culinary uses are given and the dishes for which the fish is most suitable are given.

Freshwater river fish and anadromous

River fish

River fish cannot exist in salty sea water, and sea ​​fish in fresh. With a few exceptions: anadromous fish can live in fresh water, and in salted.

Some marine fish migrate to rivers for spawning - salmon, brown trout, herring. These types of fish are called anadromous. Salmon enter upstream of rivers hundreds of kilometers from their confluence with the sea, spawn there, slide back, and die. Anadromous fish is of great commercial value.

Freshwater river fish are also not always sedentary and can migrate to salt waters. Some species of freshwater fish (catadromous) swim in the sea for spawning (freshwater eels).

Undervalued is the typical river fish. No sea fish tastes like a properly cooked pike perch, fried carp or crucian carp. Real fish soup is obtained only from river fish, and the most delicious fish cakes are made from pike meat. Pike caviar is also prized. Anyway, among the river fish, there is really valuable fish!

Names and photos of river fish

Considering that more than 400 different species of fish live in the freshwater reservoirs of our country, not including anadromous ones, only the most valuable, well-known and popular representatives of them are included in the list. We tried to pick up a photo of river fish that most accurately convey the idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthem and appearance.

Let's move on to our list of fish (the order of fish names is deduced by the weighted average popularity - the number of mentions in fishing, cooking, literature). Each page displays 5 fish. Use the arrows at the bottom of the list to navigate.

# 1 Perch

Perch is a medium-sized predator, a typical inhabitant of most freshwater bodies of water - rivers, reservoirs, ponds and lakes. Sea bass, yellow perch are representatives of other fish species. In reservoirs with representatives of valuable fish, perch is considered a trash fish, in the rest - a cleaner. Large perch is considered to be over 300 grams in weight. During its life, the perch can grow up to half a meter in size and weighing 2 kg.

The perch feeds on juvenile fish, insects and larvae; during spawning of other fish, it eats their eggs. The striped robber is what characterizes the perch best.

How to catch perch

Perch is caught on different gear throughout the year. The most massive perch is caught after floods, in early autumn and on the first ice in winter. They catch perch on spinning in the open water season, on spoons and jig - in winter.

How to cook

Despite the fact that perch is not of particular commercial value, it is widely used in home cooking. This is not to say that this is a fish without bones, but there are very few of them. Large perch is smoked and fried, sometimes salted and dried, from different things - perch fish soup is cooked. Perch meat is tasty, low-fat. Those who do not like to mess with the perch because of its scales have a lot to lose.

# 2 Roach

Roach is a fish of the carp family, a very numerous inhabitant of most water bodies different types... It is divided into subspecies, there are freshwater roach (river roach and lake roach) and non-freshwater (sea roach), anadromous, semi-anadromous (can migrate from rivers to the sea and vice versa) and residential (local roach).

The division of roach into species or subspecies causes controversy between researchers who cannot agree on the classification of roach. One way or another, the roach that lives in different places is called differently: vobla, ram (anadromous fish), soroga, path, chebak (river fish, freshwater roach), and it has implicit differences in some details.

How and when to catch

Roach is considered a trash fish as it grows slowly and does not allow other species to develop. But amateur fishing for roach is very developed and popular. In summer, roach is caught on float rod, to the feeder and others bottom gear... In winter, jig or winter float tackle is used to catch roach. Roach spawns in spring, when the water warms up to 12 degrees. Shortly before this, pre-spawning food begins.

How to cook

Roach is a medium-sized fish, and rather bony. Its best application is salting and drying, cooking fish soup together with other types of fish. By frying the roach cut on the sides, it is possible to get rid of small bones. The fishermen have learned how to cook a variety of delicious roach fish dishes.

# 3 Pike

Pike is a freshwater predatory fish, inhabitant of rivers and lakes. The sea pike is called the barracuda. Depending on the reservoir in which it lives, the pike can have a different color - lake pikes are brighter and darker than river fish. Being a predator, the spotted predator acts as a "orderly" of reservoirs - it hunts and eats, first of all, weakened and sick fish.

It occurs in early spring after the water warms up to three to six degrees. Previously, only burbot spawns for pike.

During its life, a pike can reach a length of one and a half meters and weigh more than 30 kg. Pike over 9 kg, anglers call "crocodiles". In warm weather, pike is caught on spinning, and in winter - on gutters, spoons and balancers.

How to cook pike

Pike meat is "dry", not fatty - dietary. Due to its boneiness and peculiar taste, pike meat is rarely used neat for cooking. But it is well suited for cooking cutlets and is used in the ear together with fish of other varieties. Salted and lightly salted pike caviar is highly valued.

# 4 Pike perch

Pike perch is a predatory river fish of the perch family, but there is also sea pike perch. This is a large and strong fish weighing up to 18 kg and more than a meter in length. A close relative of pike perch is bersh. Bersh is called the Volga pike perch, but this is not a pike perch - it does not exist more than one and a half kilograms and it lacks the canine-like teeth that a real pikeperch has.

Pike perch hunts in a flock, going out in an organized manner to a place where a lot of juvenile fish gather or schools of small fish pass - sprat and sprat. Zander spawns in spring, when the water warms up to 12 degrees. After spawning, the pike perch does not leave the spawning ground, protecting the eggs from "pirates" - perches and other fish that love to feast on someone else's caviar.

Pike perch is always a welcome trophy in the catch of any fisherman. In open water, pike perch are caught on spinning using a wide variety of baits. In winter, pike perch is caught on spoons and balancers, on rattlins, on amphipods, pike perch jigs.

How to cook pike perch

Zander is a valuable fish species. Possesses high nutritional value, very tasty dietary meat with a high content of easily digestible protein. In addition, pike perch meat contains many useful trace elements and amino acids, some of which are irreplaceable.

Objectively, pike perch is one of the most delicious freshwater fish. Pike perch is a "fish without bones", one of the advantages of pike perch meat is the complete absence of small bones in it. The most correct application is fried pike perch or baked.

# 5 Burbot

Outwardly, the burbot looks a bit like a catfish. It has a spotted color, and the color of the burbot depends on the transparency, depth, illumination and color of the soil of the water in which it lives. Burbot spawning occurs in winter, from December to February, depending on the geographic location of the reservoir. In summer, especially in hot weather, burbot is not very active.

How to catch

Fishing for burbot in winter is carried out on winter gadgets, on a burbot or a spoon bait. Ruff is used as live bait on zherlitsa - the most favorite prey for burbot. When fishing with a jig, they regularly tap on the bottom, the sound attracts burbots from afar. Burbot biting is more active at night. In open water, it is caught during cold snaps on bottom gear with a large worm, fry or fish pieces being added as bait.

How to cook

Burbot meat is tender in consistency, slightly sweetish and rather fatty. Before cooking, frozen burbot is thawed at room temperature or in water if it is a whole burbot. After defrosting, you need to immediately start cooking. A very tasty fish soup is obtained from burbot; it is fried and baked. The liver of burbot is of particular value - saturated healthy fats, trace elements and very tasty in the form of pate.

Perch is a fish that belongs to the class of ray-finned fish, the order of the perch-like, the perc family (Percidae).

Perch - description, characteristics and photos

A distinctive feature of the representatives of this order is the structure of the dorsal fin, which consists of 2 parts: the anterior spiny and the softer posterior. Some species are characterized by their accretion. The anal fin contains from 1 to 3 rigid needles, and the caudal fin has a kind of notch. In almost all percidae, the pelvic fins are bright red or pinkish in color. The teeth of the perch are quite large and are arranged in several rows in the large mouth, and some species have canines. The scales of the perch are small, tightly fitting to the skin, with noticeable transverse stripes of a darker color. On its posterior edge there is a ridge consisting of teeth or small spines. The operculum is covered with small serrations.

Average perch weight ranges from 400 g to 3 kg, and the weight of the sea giants reaches 14 kg. The length of the fish may exceed a meter, but the average perch sizes usually no more than 30-45 cm. In natural conditions, these fish are hunted by larger predatory fish, otters, and humans.

What color is the perch?

Depending on the species, the color of the perch is greenish-yellow or gray-green. Pinkish or red shades are inherent in marine representatives of the family. Sometimes there are specimens of a yellowish or bluish color. Have deep sea species large eyes are a distinctive feature.

Perch species, names and photos

The perch family is represented by more than one hundred species, and is united in 9 genera. On the territory of the countries that were previously part of the USSR, 4 types are known:

• river perch is the most common species in all fresh water bodies;
• yellow perch - tail, fins and scales are yellow;
• Balkhash perch - the first dorsal fin without a dark spot, and in adults there are no vertical stripes;
• sea ​​bass - the needles of all fins have poisonous glands.

Where does perch live?

Perch fish is found in all natural and artificial reservoirs located in the Northern Hemisphere - from the rivers and lakes of the USA and Canada to the reservoirs of Eurasia. For a comfortable living of freshwater species of perch, it is desirable to have a weak current, medium depths and underwater vegetation, in which there are " hunting grounds». Active image these fish lead lives around the clock. Under normal conditions, they gather in small flocks, they can live in alpine lakes and at a depth of 150 m.

The seabass lives both in shallow waters, in the interweaving of coastal algae, and in rocky deep-sea expanses.

What does perch eat?

Perch is considered one of the most voracious and indiscriminate predators: perch food is everything that moves along the bottom or in the waters of the reservoir, fry, small crustaceans, molluscs, insect larvae and eggs laid by other fish. Small perches emerging from eggs settle to the bottom, where they eat small crustaceans and insects. By the middle of summer, the grown individuals move closer to the coast, where small roach and verkhovka become their food.

River? Y about? Kun, or common perch (lat.Perca fluviatilis)- a fish of the genus of freshwater perches of the Percidae family of the Perciformes order. River perch is widespread in fresh water bodies of Europe and North Asia (up to the Kolyma basin in the east and water bodies of the northern regions of Iran and Afghanistan in the south), introduced to Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

Previously, it was believed that the range of river perch includes water bodies North America, which, according to modern concepts, is inhabited by an independent species of yellow perch (Perca flavescens).

River perch is a predatory fish: other freshwater fish occupy a significant share in the diet of adult perch. River perch prefers to adhere to lowland water bodies; it can be found in rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and even in less brackish areas of the seas. River perch spawns in early spring; female perch lays eggs in the form of a long (up to 1 m) gelatinous ribbon. Perch is a popular object of amateur fishing; in some water bodies it has an important commercial value.

Albino perch

River perch 1.9 kg.

Scientific classification

Domain: Eukaryotes
Kingdom: Animals
Type: Chordates
Class: Beam-finned fish
Order: Perchiformes
Family: Perch
Genus: Freshwater perches
Species: River perch

Perch types:

1 river perch
2.Yellow perch.
3.Balkhash perch.

Yellow perch, or American perch (lat.Perca flavescens)- freshwater fish from the Percidae family of the Perciformes order. Generally similar to river bass (Perca fluviatilis), but differs from it in smaller size, wider mouth and yellow rather than red caudal, anal and pelvic fins. This species is so close anatomically and ecologically to the river perch that some researchers consider it a subspecies of the latter, in this case calling it Perca fluviatilis flavescens. The relationship of these species is also confirmed by the fact that, when hybridized, they can produce viable and fast-growing offspring.

The average length of a yellow perch is 30-35 cm, and its mass is up to 500 g. The officially documented world record is a perch weighing 1.3 kg, caught in 1865 in the Delaware River (USA). Adult females are usually larger than males. Colored in yellow-green tones: the back is dark green, with a transition in some populations to golden brown; sides yellow, yellow-green or copper-green, with 6-9 vertical dark stripes; the belly is white or (less often) light yellow. In males, during spawning, the color is brighter, and the anal and pelvic fins temporarily acquire an orange-red color.
This species is distributed in North America from northeastern Canada to the northwestern United States, through central and southern Canada, the Great Lakes region, to South Carolina in the United States. Also, this species was settled by humans in the southwestern United States and British Columbia in western Canada. There were cases of capture in the Kaliningrad region of Russia.

This species is an exceptional predator, eats small fish, aquatic insects, crustaceans and molluscs. It finds prey with the help of sight, therefore it hunts almost exclusively during daylight hours, with two peaks of nutrition - in the morning and in the evening; mayflies and dragonflies larvae make up a significant part of the prey, especially in May-July. Young yellow perches consume a lot of zooplankton, while adults consume juveniles of salmon, smelt, and even juveniles of their own species.

Spawning occurs once a year in early spring, almost immediately after the ice has melted, usually at night or early morning... During spawning, eggs are deposited randomly on underwater vegetation and roots, without building nests. The eggs are collected in stripes of amber color, and immersed in a rather dense mucous mass, which protects them from infectious lesions and small invertebrate predators. Depending on size, females can lay 10 to 40,000 eggs. During spawning, the female is followed by from 2 to 25 males, who fertilize the eggs she has laid. The development of eggs lasts 12-21 days, depending on the temperature of the surrounding water (eggs develop faster in warm water).
Young yellow perches form schools in shallow areas overgrown with aquatic vegetation, rich in zooplankton and small invertebrates. At the same time, yellow perch fry become an important food resource for fish-eating birds and large fish. During the first year of life, the yellow perch grows up to 7.5-8 cm.

Balkhash perch (lat.Perca schrenkii)- a fish of the genus of perches of the perch family, the order of perch-like, the closest relative of the common river perch, from which the Balkhash was isolated about 5-7 million years ago.

Balkhash perch is considered an endemic species of Balkhash-Alakol lakes. It also lives in the river basin. Or other rivers of Semirechye. In the 50s of the twentieth century, before acclimatization in the lake of pike perch, 8-10 thousand tons of perch per year were caught in Balkhash. Since then, the population has declined sharply due to the more aggressive behavior of pike perch feeding on juvenile perch. Like some other predatory fish (for example, pike), the Balkhash perch eat their juveniles, practicing intraspecific cannibalism, and thus can exist in a closed reservoir where there is no other suitable food for them or there is no other food left for them.

Common sunfish, or sun perch, or common sunflower, or king (Latin Lepomis gibbosus)- fish of the family of centralarchs of the order perchiformes. A close relative of the American bass (largemouth bass). Popular aquarium fish... From there I got into our rivers. There is an assumption that some aquarist released this fish into the natural reservoirs of our country.

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animals
Type: Chordates
Class: Bony fish
Order: Perchiformes
Family: Centrarch
Genus: Sunfish
Species: Common sunfish

Maximum dimensions: length - up to 40 cm, weight - up to 0.6 kg
Distribution: North American species inhabiting the Great Lakes basin (except Lake Verkhneye) and up to Florida and Dakota in the south. Acclimatized on the Pacific coast of the United States, settled throughout the Western Hemisphere. Introduced to New Zealand and Europe. In 1935 it appeared in the reservoirs of Belarus and Western Ukraine. Acclimatized in the lower Danube.
One of the favorite fish of aquarists. Occurs in calm, heavily vegetated reservoirs and small rivers. It mainly feeds on worms, crustaceans and insects, but it can also be predatory. Sunfish swim comparatively little; they often stand still, with fluffed fins. The male is distinguished by a coral-red “earring” on the operculum, while in the female it is yellow. During spawning, the male makes a primitive nest in the ground, where eggs are laid. The nest is guarded by a male. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of two years. Life expectancy in the wild ranges from six to eight years, in captivity - up to 12 years. In North America it is of serious commercial importance.

Largemouth bass, or troutfish (Micropterus salmoides)- one of the species of perch belonging to the genus of black perch. It is also often called bass (English bass - perch), this is the American name for perch, often used in Russia. Originally from North America, although representatives of this species can also be found in the basins of the Black Sea, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea. In our country, the attempt to acclimatize was less successful. Small populations, unfortunately not of great interest from the point of view of targeted fishing, have survived in the river. Kuban, r. Don, as well as in the lake. Abrau As a permanent place of residence, the bigmouth perch chooses deep bays and oxbows, where it keeps among rhizomes, flooded branches, stones; young individuals live in shallow places.

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animals
Type: Chordates
Class: Bony fish
Subclass: Ray-finned fish
Order: Perchiformes
Family: Centrarch
Genus: Black perches
Species: Largemouth bass

Bigmouth bass 10.12 kg

The body of the perch is olive green in color with dark, sometimes black, spots that form a jagged horizontal stripe on the sides of the body. This species is the largest of the black perch, reaching a maximum recorded total length of 75 cm, and its maximum unofficial weight is 11.4 kg, with females being larger than males.

Perch prefers calm, calm waters, in which it is possible to hide behind vegetation and wait for food. Largemouth bass spawns once a year from March to July. Males prepare the nest by building it on a sandy or pebble bottom. After the wedding ceremony, the female lays from 1000 to 4000 eggs, and the male and the female fertilize them and begin to protect them until small fish hatch. Fish live on average 16 years.

Red-breasted king or golden perch related species

Bigmouth bass is a predator. Young perch feed mainly on small fish, amphipods, small shrimps and insects. Adults feed on small fish (bluegill), snails, crayfish, frogs, snakes, salamanders, bats, and even small waterfowl, mammals, and juvenile alligators.

Perch is very popular with anglers in the New World, and in recent times also Europe and Japan. This is especially true for sports fishing. Anglers most often use lures such as Silicone Worms for perch, and they often use live worms, minnows, frogs or crayfish.

Ni? Lsky o? Kun (lat.Lates niloticus)- fish from the order of perchiformes. The largest representative of the freshwater perch.

Scientific classification

Domain: Eukaryotes
Kingdom: Animals
Type: Chordates
Class: Beam-finned fish
Order: Perchiformes
Family: Latidae
Genus: Lates
Species: Nile perch

Distributed in all major river systems of tropical Africa, in particular, in the rivers Nile, Volta, Senegal, Congo, as well as in lakes Chad, Albert, Rudolph, Victoria and others.

Maximum length - 200 cm, weight - 200 kg. The weight of a 15-year-old fish can approach 30 kg, and a 20-year-old fish can approach 50 kg. In catches, the usual sizes are 45-65 cm and 9-20 kg. The body is elongated, laterally compressed, silvery with a bluish tint. Predatory fish, feeds on fish and crustaceans. Introduced to Lake Victoria in the 1950s and 1960s, resulting in a decline and possibly extinction of about 200 endemic cichlid species.

For millions of years, our planet has been inhabited by a wide variety of fish. Their habitat has become numerous lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. Since ancient times, both river and sea inhabitants of the underwater kingdom have served as a source of food for people, rich in a huge amount of nutrients, such as a variety of amino acids, protein and various vitamins. Fish farming products are widely used in the manufacture of medicines and nutrient fertilizers for agriculture, as well as raw materials in the light industry.

Features of the inhabitants of the rivers

We all know that fishing on the rivers - a fascinating and varied activity. Therefore, any fisherman, before starting to equip tackle for fishing, must accurately answer the question of what fish are found in the river. And, of course, every amateur angler should know the physiological characteristics of the object of the hunt:

Depending on the nature of the food taken, river fish can be classified as:

• predatory;
• herbivores;
• omnivores.

River predators

Predatory individuals feed on other fish, some can eat animals or birds. Large-mouthed species swallow so much prey at a time that it lasts for several days active life, but fish with a small mouth need to hunt constantly, since their prey is small.

The most common predatory river fish in water bodies of Russia. The maximum size of a pike reaches up to 1.5 m with a weight of up to 30-35 kg, but specimens weighing up to 60 kg and longer than human height are known. The average life expectancy is up to 25 years, although there are individuals with an age limit of 35 years.

The fish is very strong, tireless and agile thanks to the slippery cylindrical body... It resembles an underwater torpedo in shape with a long flattened head and a huge mouth filled with many sharp teeth.

The pike is so predatory that sometimes it even rushes at its relatives. True, it prefers carp fish for feeding more often: crucian carp, bleak, roach, rudd. But he treats prickly species (perch, ruff) with great caution, even if he catches such a fish, it does not immediately swallow it, but keeps it in its mouth until it stops moving. During the hunt, it misses very rarely, but if it fails, it returns to ambush and waits for another prey.

The spotted color of the body of the pike makes it possible to perfectly camouflage among the vegetation of the reservoir. In rivers, it keeps in not very deep places, with a weak current and grassy banks.

Pike meat contains little fat, therefore it is considered dietary... It contains a lot of protein, which is easily absorbed by the human body.

Spiny perch

This predatory fish, like the pike, is widespread in the water bodies of Russia and almost all European countries. It has a laterally compressed body, which has a peculiar hump with dark stripes. The caudal fin and eyes are highlighted with an orange tint. The color of the perch depends entirely on the clarity of the water. Individuals living in a dark environment with a muddy bottom have a richer color than fish living in light water.

Fish pretty large size, there is evidence that the perch can reach a weight of up to five kilograms and a length of up to half a meter. The average life expectancy is about 17 years.

By extraordinary gluttony and predatory greed, it is not inferior to the pike. Having swallowed one fish, it can immediately continue hunting for another. There are cases when a caught perch in the stomach had several fry. It feeds on any fish of suitable size, while being active both in summer and in winter.

Prefers to stay at depth, but not at the very bottom... During the hunt, it easily rushes to the prey located in the upper layers of the reservoir.

The largest predator is the catfish

It is the largest fish found in rivers. Its body length can reach five meters, and its weight is over 300 kg. According to scientists, such specimens are 80-100 years old. In most cases, the color is brown with a brownish-green tint, the belly is white. The color change can be almost light yellow depending on the habitat.

Catfish is considered an active nocturnal predator, which prefers to lie down in snags or pits during the daytime.

The diet of this large predator is very diverse. Eats frogs, shellfish or large fish... Sometimes geese, ducks, water rats and other animals and birds can be in the mouth of a catfish.

The meat of this deep river dweller contains little bone and fat. It is very nutritious and beneficial for the human body.

A predator reaching a length of up to one meter and a weight of up to 10 kg. Zander can be found in the clear water of large rivers and lakes. Life expectancy up to 15 years. A relative of the perch, it has the same vertical stripes on both sides.

An adult tries to stay near stones at a depth or in holes, but young animals, on the contrary, prefer shallow sections of rivers. Fry predominantly feed on zooplankton, insect larvae and small fishes of other fish at the beginning of life.

Zander actively hunts for prey, while trying to avoid areas with thickets, where he himself can become food for pike. However, its location is very unstable. Where pike perch was well caught the day before, the next day it may not be found.

Among freshwater fish, burbot is the only representative of the cod family. It is sharply distinguished from other fish by its peculiar body shape. The body is strongly elongated and compressed at the sides, especially in the tail. The head is flattened, like a catfish. The back of a grayish-green color has stripes and spots of a dark color, but the belly is whitish.

Burbot is an insatiable and extremely greedy predator, whose diet includes insect larvae, frogs, molluscs and small fish. Sometimes, when an adult is opened, a large number of small perches, minnows or ruffs are found in the stomach. Despite its sluggish and lazy appearance, it swims dexterously and quickly. At the same time, it is especially active in winter, when other fish are more sleepy and immobile.

Burbot can reach a length of up to one meter and a mass of up to five kilograms, although there are also specimens weighing up to 24 kg. Life expectancy is quite high - up to 22 years.

There are also smaller predatory fish, such as:

1. Bersh - very similar to pike perch, however, reaches a size of up to 50 cm.
2. Chop - less common, in the Danube or Dnieper rivers.
3. Ruff is a widespread fish, often called a thorn by fishermen, because it has sharp, thorny fins.

Herbivorous fish

This species includes fish that spend most of their time in search of plant food and various river plankton. They grow in reservoirs and rivers different kinds algae, especially in warm summer, which are an excellent refuge for various molluscs and crustaceans. They are the perfect delicacy for herbivorous fish.

Common fish - crucian carp

It is the most common fish in almost all water bodies and rivers in Russia. The fish is quite unpretentious, prefers shallow sections of the river, warmed by the rays of the sun and overgrown with vegetation of all kinds. It reacts poorly to lack of oxygen and water quality in habitats. V winter time year, crucian carp is able to freeze into the ice and not even die at the same time.

It belongs to the family of carp fish, in appearance it is very similar to the carp, but does not have antennae. Weighs approximately 0.5 kg. It feeds mainly on zooplankton, various aquatic plants, worms and larvae.

Allocate silver and gold crucian carp... It is most active in the warm season.

Carp and its types

Belongs to the family of carp fish and is the most coveted catch of fishermen in central Russia. There are individuals of a rather large size, weighing up to 10 kg. According to scientists, life expectancy can reach 100 years.

There are the following types of carp:

1. mirror;
2. scaly;
3. naked;
4. frame carp and others.

Among themselves, all these representatives differ in the shape of the body, the type of scales and habits. Can eat bread crumb, undercooked potatoes or cake.

The fish is very strong, therefore experienced fishermen are often engaged in fishing, using reliable and powerful tackle.

The main types of carp

Bream and its use in cooking

This schooling, inconspicuous fish lives more often in places with a calm current and a muddy bottom. Life expectancy is up to 20 years, but the growth of bream is very slow. Only by the age of ten is he able to gain weight up to 4 kg.

It feeds mainly on crustaceans, molluscs, insect larvae, worms and algae. The color of the bream is dominated by a dark silver shade. Spawns at water temperatures of 13 degrees.

The meat of this fish is characterized by excellent taste. It is used boiled, salted, fried, dried or smoked.

Small representative - roach

This fish is found in almost all rivers and lakes. It leads a gregarious lifestyle and prefers to hide from predators in quiet parts of rivers overgrown with grass and algae.

In appearance it is very similar to a rudd. The color of the body depends on the composition of the water in its habitat. The fish is small (15-20 cm), however, there were also specimens up to half a meter in length and weighing up to two kilograms.

Roach spawns at a temperature of plus ten degrees, and after this period it is especially active. The best time catching this fish is considered early morning or late evening.

Of course, within the framework of one article, it is very difficult to describe all the representatives water world. There are still a huge number of species of river fish:

1. The rudd is a beautiful fish that looks like a roach.
2. Gustera is a distant relative of the bream, silvery in color with reddish fins.
3. Carp is considered a freshwater fish, but it is also found in the basin of the Caspian Sea.
4. Lin is a royal fish with excellent taste characteristics.
5. The chub is a freshwater fish found exclusively in fast flowing rivers.
6. Bleak is an ubiquitous fish known to almost any angler.

Other types of river fish

Unfortunately, many river systems are adversely affected by an unfavorable ecological situation, which is caused by various emissions from industrial enterprises and factories. Inhabitants of many rivers and reservoirs become victims of this attitude of man to the environment.