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Proximal attachment. Long head: lower tuberosity of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Lateral head: posterior surface humerus, above the furrow radial nerve... Medial head: the posterior surface of the humerus, anterior to the radial nerve groove.

Distal attachment. The olecranon of the ulna (through the common tendon).

Function. Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint. The long head is involved in straightening and adducting the shoulder at the shoulder joint.

Palpation. For localization, the following structures must be identified:
... The head of the humerus.
... The olecranon of the ulna is a large process at the proximal end of the ulna.

Palpate the triceps muscle along its entire length from the olecranon proximally along back side shoulder.

Palpate the long head until it is attached to the scapula, then return to the common abdomen. The medial head lies under the long, but may be missed on the distal surface of the medial shoulder. Palpate the posterolateral and posteromedial surfaces of the shoulder on the day to find local contractions and tense areas.

Pain pattern. The pain is localized to the back of the shoulder, including the lateral epicondyle. May also be felt in the 4th and 5th toes and / or in the suprascapular region. If local abbreviations and trigger points are in a long head, the patient may lose the ability to pull the shoulder to the ear from the position with the arm raised up.

Causal or supportive factors.

Excessive stress associated with pushing heavy objects or quickly straightening the forearm.

Satellite trigger points. Latissimus muscle back, large and small round muscles, ulnar and brachioradial muscles, instep support, radial extensor wrists.

Affected organ system. Digestive system.

Associated zones, meridians and points.

Dorsal zone. Manual meridian of triple heater shao-yang. TW 10-13.

Stretching exercise. Place the palm of the affected hand on the spine of the scapula on the same side. Pull your elbow towards your ear and back behind your head. Gentle backward pressure applied with the other hand proximal to the elbow will increase the stretch. Fix the pose until a count of 10-15.

Strengthening exercise. Stand or sit in a comfortable position. Place your palm in the area of ​​the spine of the scapula on the same side, pull your elbow to your ear. Without moving your shoulder, straighten your elbow. Extend to count 2, return to starting position into account 4.

Repeat the exercise 8-10 times, increasing the number of repetitions with increasing strength. Dumbbells can be used to increase muscle strength and strengthen them more.

D. Finando, C. Finando

Triceps tendinitis is a condition characterized by tissue damage to the triceps tendon, resulting in pain in the back of the elbow.

The muscle on the back of your shoulder is called the triceps. Triceps originates from the scapula and humerus and attaches to the ulna using the triceps tendon. The triceps muscle performs the function of extension in the elbow and acts as an auxiliary in the implementation of other movements in the shoulder. During triceps contraction, the vector of movement is transmitted using the tendon. When the force vector of action on the tendon is excessive or repetitive movements occur, conditions arise for damage to the triceps tendon. With triceps tendinitis, tendon damage occurs, followed by degeneration and inflammation. Tendinitis can be caused by traumatic force that exceeds the strength of the tendon or due to gradual wear of the tendon tissue due to excessive stress.

Causes

The most common cause of triceps tendonitis is repetitive, excessive stress on the tendon. As a rule, this is associated with the implementation of certain movements that require forceful extension of the elbow (for example, during push-ups or falls). Sometimes tendon damage occurs due to a critical, extreme stress on the tendon. Most often, such loads happen when doing weightlifting or exercising on simulators. There are several main factors that increase the risk of developing tendonitis:

• joint stiffness (especially the elbow)
• muscle hardening (especially triceps)
• improper or excessive training
• insufficient warm-up before class
• muscle weakness
• insufficient recovery period between workouts
• inadequate rehabilitation after an elbow injury
• a history of a neck or upper back injury.

Symptoms

Patients with this condition usually experience pain in the back of the elbow. In less severe cases, patients may only experience pain and stiffness in the elbow, and symptoms are aggravated by movements that require strong or repetitive contraction of the triceps muscle. These are activities such as doing push-ups, bench press, falls, boxing punches, hammering.

In more severe cases, patients may experience pain that increases to acute when performed different types activities. Sometimes patients notice swelling in the back of the elbow and experience weakness when trying to straighten the elbow against resistance and pain or discomfort when performing movements associated with a contraction of the biceps. Pain can also worsen when the injured tendon comes into contact with hard objects.

Diagnostics

A doctor can make a diagnosis based on symptoms, medical history, and examination. On examination, the doctor pays attention to the presence of edema or redness in the triceps tendon area, the presence of pain on palpation of the tendon. If necessary, an X-ray is prescribed, which makes it possible to exclude changes in bone tissue... MRI allows you to visualize not only the condition of the bone tissue, but also the tendon itself, the degree of its damage. Laboratory tests can also be ordered when it is necessary to exclude systemic or inflammatory diseases or metabolic disorders.

Forecast

Most patients with this condition recover with adequate treatment and can return to normal activities within a few weeks. But sometimes rehabilitation can take several months, especially in those patients who did not immediately apply for medical help... Timely treatment (physiotherapy, exercise therapy) is a fundamental condition for a quick recovery. Lack of adequate treatment can lead to irreversible changes in tendon tissues.

Treatment

As a rule, it can be cured, but in some cases the treatment is not effective. First of all, to reduce pain, it is necessary to stop activities that lead to increased pain. Conservative methods of treating tendonitis include: applying cold topically (for 20 minutes 3-4 times a day), taking NSAIDs (for example, Movalis, Celebrex, Voltaren), using splints, orthoses that help reduce the load on the tendon and allow the tendon tissues to recover ...

Physiotherapy is very effective in treating tendonitis. Various physiotherapeutic techniques are used (for example, ultrasound, cryotherapy, electrophoresis). The most modern method of treatment is considered to be the use of HILT therapy.

Exercise therapy. An exercise program specially selected by an exercise therapy specialist allows you to restore both muscle strength triceps and the elasticity and strength of the triceps tendon. Exercise therapy is connected after reducing pain and inflammation. Intensity, volume, and load are selected individually with a gradual increase.

Surgery is the only treatment for a ruptured tendon and must be performed no later than 2 weeks after the rupture is diagnosed.

Triceps brachii

Start

• Long head: subarticular tubercle and lateral edge of the scapula
• Lateral head: posterolateral surface of the humerus, lateral and proximal to the radial nerve groove
• Medial head: posteromedial surface of the distal two-thirds of the humerus, medial and distal to the radial nerve groove and medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Attachment

• Olecranon
• The posterior wall of the capsule of the elbow joint

Innervation

• Radial nerve, C6-C8

Workout

Peculiarities

Lateral head triceps brachii(m. triceps brachii) limits the lateral wall of the armpit, and long head- medial. Long head prevents heavy lifting.

Functions	Synergists	Antagonists
Extension of the forearm (predominantly medial head)		* M. biceps bractiii * M. brachioradialis * M. pronator teres * M. extensor carpi radialts longus * M. flexor carpi uinaris * M. flexor carpi radiaiis * M. palmaris longus * M. extensor carpi radiaiis brevis
Long head: shoulder extension	* M. deKofdeus (spinous part) * M. latiswnw dorsi * M. teres major Raised to Neutral: * m. latissvnus dorsi * M. pectoratis major * M. teres major	* M.deltoideus (clavicular part) * M. pectorafcs major (clavicular part) * M. biceps brachii * M. coracobracWalis
Long head: adduction of the shoulder (with the arm abducted)	* M. pectoralis major * M. latissimus dorsi * M. coracobrachalis * M. biceps brachll (short head) * M.deltoideus (clavicular and spinous parts with an already brought hand) * M. infraspinatus (caudal part)	* M.deltoideus (acromial part) * M deltoideus (spinous and clavicular parts in the abducted arm) * M. infraspinatus (cranial part | * M. biceps bractiii (long head)

Extension of the forearm. Functional muscle tests

Clinical relevance

• can damage the radial nerve, but the branch of the nerve supplying the triceps muscle often remains intact, as it departs proximal to the radial nerve sulcus. Thus, the function of the triceps muscle is preserved, while the function of other muscles innervated by this nerve is eliminated.

Participation in sports

Like the extensor of the forearm this muscle performs both dynamic (, (,), kayaking, mountain and cross-country skiing, (support) and luge and static work: artistic gymnastics (hold exercises), weightlifting, archery, figure skating... As an extensor of the shoulder, it is active in rowing, kayaking and swimming (all types). Due to adduction in the shoulder joint, this muscle plays important role when swimming breaststroke, in artistic gymnastics and fight. In weightlifting, it pulls the head of the humerus upward and stabilizes it in the glenoid cavity.

Kind of sport	Movement / hold	Function	Types of abbreviations
	Traffic lower hand when jumping and pushing off when flying the crossbar	Extension of the forearm		Dynamic concentric
Stick throwing, shot put	End phase -final effort(traffic)	Extension of the forearm	Fast, explosive	Dynamic concentric
		Extension of the forearm	Fast, explosive	Dynamic concentric
	Direct hit	Extension of the forearm	Fast, explosive, strength endurance	Dynamic concentric
		Extension of the forearm	Fast, explosive	Dynamic concentric
	Opal nod	Extension of the forearm	Strength endurance	Dynamic concentric
	Serve and backhand	Extension of the forearm	Fast, explosive, strength endurance	Dynamic concentric
Skiing	Stick sticking and correcting the position with sticks	Extension of the forearm	Fast, explosive	Dynamic concentric
	Pushing	Extension of the forearm	Strength endurance	Dynamic concentric
	Support	Extension of the forearm	Strength endurance
	Hold on a horse, parallel bars, uneven bars, crossbar, handstand	Extension of the forearm	Strength endurance, maximum	Dynamic concentric, eccentric and static

Triceps is a U-shaped muscle located on the dorsum of the shoulder. Of course, seen from the front, he is not a competitor, with his magnificent pencil-thin vein running down to the forearm and curling down to the wrist. But good triceps do not compare in functionality with any other muscle. Even the gorgeous "lance-shaped" ones will not impress if they sit side by side with flat triceps. Once I looked at the hands of one person in the picture with well-developed triceps and then I realized beautiful hands impossible to have without massive triceps brachii.

In addition, most of the arm is occupied by the triceps. Think about it when you start training your own again. Even if you have the size of balls, but without triceps, they will never look impressive! Your arms just won't be massive!

The picture above shows very well where the long head is, how it attaches to the scapula, and where the inner head is, which always lags behind.

The structure of the triceps brachii

As the name suggests, triceps have three parts, or heads. The fibers of all three heads, tapering, pass into the common triceps ligament, which crosses elbow joint and attaches to the protrusion on the ulna of the forearm. The triceps contraction straightens the arm.

In some people, the triceps ligament is short, and the muscular belly of the triceps stretches all the way down to the elbow. In others, it is relatively long, and the triceps are more "peak", but with a short muscular abdomen. The outer head of the triceps forms outer part the letters U. Its fibers start from a small vertical section at the back of the humerus, about 2/3 of the distance from the elbow to the shoulder joint.

The long head of the triceps (some call it the "inner") starts at the scapula, just below the head of the humerus. Due to the fact that her muscular abdomen crosses shoulder joint from behind, the arm must be pulled back to fully activate the long head.