The modern Olympic Games trace their history back to the late 19th century, when, thanks to the initiative and efforts of a French public figure, they were revived sport competitions similar to antique ones. In 1894, the International Sports Congress in Paris approved the decision to organize Olympic Games and the establishment of an International Olympic Committee(IOC), and also adopted the foundations of the Olympic Charter, which defines the rules, principles and regulations of the Olympic Games.

The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 in their historical homeland - the capital of Greece, Athens. Since then, the Olympic Games are held at the beginning of each first year of the Olympiad (a 4-year cycle that determines the interval between games) and have their own serial number.

The Olympic Games are divided into summer and winter and, since 1994, they have been held separately - winter Olympics was shifted by 2 years in relation to the summer, while maintaining a 4-year gap between the games of the same type (i.e. now, every 2 years, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games are held alternately).

Fast navigation through the article

General provisions of the Olympic Games

The modern Olympic Games are held in accordance with the Olympic Charter of September 9, 2013, which describes the procedure and details of the competition:

• The Olympic Games have their own symbols;
• The city of the Olympiad is chosen by the IOC;
• The right to host the Olympics is granted to a city (not a country);
• The duration of the Olympic Games is no more than 15 days (winter - no more than 10);
• Host city provides construction " Olympic Village"for the participants of the competition;
• The Olympic Games are sports events between athletes, not countries;
• Any participant in the Olympic Games must be a citizen of the country he represents on the team;
• There are no age restrictions for participants;
• The number of athletes participating in the Olympic Games must be no more than 10,500 people, and the number of officials - no more than 5,000 people;
• The Olympic Games program is approved by the IOC for each event. It only includes sports that comply with the World Anti-Doping Code;
• Sports and disciplines included in a specific program of the Olympics must be adopted at a meeting of the IOC Executive Board no later than 3 years before the Olympic Games;
• Sports included in the Competition Program constitute the sports "core". Additional sports may be included at the suggestion of the IOC Executive Board;
• The total number of sports participating in the Olympics, including core and additional sports, must not exceed 28.

Symbols of the Olympic Games

Olympic symbols, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913, gained fame and popularity all over the world:

• Olympic rings - five interlocking rings symbolize the convergence of five continents. The colors of these rings have their own meaning (blue symbolizes Europe, black Africa, red America, yellow Asia and green - Australia);
• Olympic motto - "Citius, Altius, Fortius" means "faster, higher, stronger";
• Olympic Flag - The flag is a white canvas with Olympic rings in the center, used since 1920.

It was founded back in 1896. From the very beginning, the games were held both in the summer and in the winter of one year. How the modern Olympic Games are held, we will look at in this article.

Already in the twentieth century, the gap between winter and summer games made up two years. used to be held in Olympia and were of great importance to the locals. Previously, there was only one competition in the games - running on short distance... A little later, they began to hold competitions for horses and running in full uniforms. Only locals and Mediterranean guests. We all know perfectly well how the modern Olympic Games are held today: athletes from all over the world take part in the competition.

The Olympiad Games are held in a different location each time. A certain country, city is selected and all athletes go to the competition exactly there. There are times when competitions are held repeatedly in certain countries, for example in Greece. Since it was in Greece that such competitions originated, after a certain period the Olympiad is held there again. Athens is fabulous, so the locals have been holding the Olympic Games with pride and dignity since 1896 (it was here that the first competitions were held).

How the modern Olympic Games are held is known to all spectators, but they should know one thing - the current version is very different from the past. The most exciting and largest in the world today are the Olympic Games. Programs are constantly changing, improving and mainly consist of twenty or more different types sports. As a rule, personal records and achievements are set in competitions. The potential of a particular team is rarely assessed, mostly every man for himself. Games are evaluated with three medals: gold, silver and bronze.

As for the comparative characteristics of the games, before, only Greeks and Mediterranean guests took part, and now - all well-established athletes from all over the world. Today, women compete on an equal footing with men and have the right to fight for in Greece, but this was simply impossible. At the Olympic Games, athletes compete for awards, the honor of their country, showing their physical abilities, and in ancient times they were even awarded for spiritual abilities. Nowadays it is considered a competition, in the past it was not. When games were held in Olympia, all hostilities ceased, all the time was devoted to competitions. As before, the games are held every four years, but the break between summer and winter games is two years.

Everyone has the opportunity to watch the modern Olympic Games on TV, read the results in the newspaper. To visit the country that hosts them is the dream of every sports fan. We were more fortunate, since almost everyone in Greece knew about the games, but only a few could get there, now the doors of the Olympic Games are open to all interested spectators!

The first Olympic Games took place in Olympia in 776 BC. This date has survived to this day thanks to the custom of the ancient Greeks to engrave the names of Olympic champions (they were then called Olympians) on marble columns that were installed on the banks of the Alpheus River. The marble preserved not only the date, but also the name of the first winner. It was Korab, a cook from Elis. The first 13 games involved only one type of competition - running one stage. According to the Greek myth, this distance was measured by Hercules himself, and it was equal to 192.27 m. Hence the well-known word "stadium" came from here. Initially, athletes from two cities took part in the games - Elisa and Pisa. But they soon gained immense popularity, spreading to all the Greek states. At the same time, another wonderful tradition arose: throughout the Olympic Games, the duration of which was constantly increasing, there was a "sacred truce" for all fighting armies.

Not every athlete could become a participant in the games. The law prohibited slaves and barbarians from performing at the Olympics, i.e. foreigners. Free-born Greek athletes had to sign up with the judges a year before the opening of the competition. Immediately before the opening of the Olympic Games, they had to provide evidence that they had been preparing for the competition for at least ten months, supporting sports uniform daily exercise... An exception was made only for the winners of the previous Olympic Games. The announcement of the upcoming Olympic Games caused an extraordinary stir among the male population throughout Greece. People were heading to Olympia in droves. True, women were forbidden to attend the games on pain of death.

Ancient Olympiad program

Gradually, more and more sports were added to the games program. In 724 BC. Diaul was added to the one-stage run (stadium) - running at a distance of 384.54 meters, in 720 BC. - dolichodrom or running in 24 stages. In 708 BC. the program of the Olympic Games included pentathlon, consisting of running, long jump, wrestling, discus and javelin throwing. At the same time, the first wrestling competitions were held. In 688 BC. fist fight entered the program of the Olympiad, after two more Olympiads - a chariot competition, and in 648 BC. - most cruel look competition - pankration, combining the techniques of wrestling and fist fighting.

The Olympic winners were worshiped as demigods. Throughout their lives, they were given all kinds of honors, and after the death of the Olympian they were ranked among the host of "minor gods".

After the adoption of Christianity, the Olympic Games began to be perceived as one of the manifestations of paganism, and in 394 BC. Emperor Theodosius I banned them.

The Olympic movement was revived only at the end of the nineteenth century, thanks to the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin. And, of course, the first revived Olympic Games took place on Greek soil - in Athens, in 1896.

Target. To intensify the interest of students in the Olympic Games by including them in collective creative activity, to develop speech, thinking, memory, attention; expand the horizons of children, vocabulary; to awaken interest in sports and preservation of their own health, to foster mutual assistance, a culture of behavior and communication when working in a group, to show their creative abilities ..

Equipment.

Teacher. Computer, spinning top, envelopes with task cards, bell, hourglass (1 min.), Plates with numbers, diplomas and prizes.

Preparing for the game.

Children read material about the Olympic Games in advance. The game is played with the whole class.

Commanders are chosen in teams.

Rules of the game:

1. The class is divided into groups, for example, 4 people each. The teams are divided at will.

2. Commanders are selected in teams.

3. The team with the most points becomes the champion.

4. One point is awarded for the correct answer.

5. One minute is allotted to think over the answer. If the team is ready to respond, the captain raises his hand.

6. If the first team answers incorrectly, the second team in the remaining time has the right to continue the discussion and give an answer.

PROCESS OF THE LESSON

Organizational moment and goal setting of the lesson. Game rules message.

Teacher. Today our game is dedicated to the Olympic Games.

With the start of the game
I congratulate you.
Perform well
I wish you,
"What? Where? When?" I start.

On the screen: a bowl with the Olympic flame.

Poems are read by a prepared student.

“Each glorifies friendship with a spark
The flame is bright - look!
Flame in the olympic bowl
The good sun is akin.
It's good that over the planet
The sun torch is lit
May a happy omen
He will be for the planet! "

Envelopes with questions are laid out on the central table, in the middle of the table there is a spinning top. A calm melody sounds.

Task cards.

According to the legend of ancient Greek mythology, who established the first Olympic Games?

Answer. According to the legend of ancient Greek mythology, the Olympic Games were established by the ancient hero Hercules.

Teacher. The history of Olympism is more than 2820 years old.

No. 2. Blitz.

a) Name the most ancient species sports, and the Olympic Games began with him.

Answer. This is a run.

b) How does the Olympics begin in our time?

Answer. A few days before the opening of the next Games in the Greek city of Olympia, the torch relay starts. A lighted torch in the runner's hands is directed to the venue of the Games. The opening ceremony of the games and the adoption of the Olympic oath.

c) What kind of oath do athletes take?

Answer. The oath is to play fair sports.

Teacher. In Olympia, in the south of Greece, in the summer between the harvest and the grape harvest, running races were held. When the next Olympic Games approached, to all ends Ancient Greece, messengers were sent to all its small, fragmented states. With their power, they stopped all strife and war and declared a sacred truce. The implacable enemies put their weapons aside for a while and hurried to Olympia for a sports festival, which was certainly accompanied by art contests and ended with a grandiose feast.

How many years will the Olympics take place? What year is this?

Answer. Games are held once every 4 years, in a leap year.

Teacher. On the screen: footage of a sports event.

The Olympic Games were a common Greek holiday that took place every 1417 days. As before, in Olympia, next to the temple of the god Zeus, the patron saint of games, young Greek women in antique clothes light a torch from the rays of the sun using a concave mirror and pass it on to the runner. And the torch relay on airplanes and heat

boats, trains and cars hit the road thousands of kilometers to the next capital of the games. However, on the last leg of a long journey, the torch is always in the hands of the runner. The runner will touch the lamp with it, and a fire will flash over the huge bowl of the stadium. Olympic Games, which will warm the hearts of masters of sports and numerous fans.

How many days do the Olympic Games last?

Answer. Games last for 16 days.

Teacher. Right. All 16 days, the Olympic flame illuminates the path for athletes to victory.

List what is included in the Olympic symbols.

Answer. IN Olympic symbols includes: flag and motto.

Teacher. Right. The combination of rings and a motto is the Olympic symbolism.

Draw the Olympic flag. Tell us what it symbolizes.

Answer. The children painted. 5 rings is a symbol of the unity of five continents: Europe - blue, Asia - yellow, Australia - green, America - red, Africa - black.

Teacher. On the screen: the Olympic flag.

The Olympic flag, proposed by Pierre de Coubertin, is known to every sports fan. It is a white panel with the image of five intertwined multi-colored rings (in the upper row - blue, black and red, in the lower row - yellow and green.)

What is the slogan of the Olympic Games?

Answer. "Faster! Higher! Stronger!"

What is the name of playground which runners compete on?

How did this word come about?

Answer. This is a stadium. Formed from the word "stages".

Teacher .. On the screen: the stadium.

The distance from start to finish, according to legend, was measured by Hercules himself. His 600 feet were one stage - 192.27 m - this is the length of the treadmills.

List summer Olympic sports sports (exactly 15 or more) Answer. These are: 1) athletics, 2) gymnastics, 3) weightlifting, 4) shooting, 5) archery, 6) football, 7) basketball, 8) volleyball, 9) handball, 10) field hockey, 11 ) kayaking and canoeing, 12) rowing, 13) swimming, 14) diving, 15) water polo, 16) sailing, 17) cycling, 18) fencing, 19) judo, 20) modern pentathlon, 21 ) struggle.

On the screen: footage of sports called by children.

Viewing numbers of amateur performances.

No. 10. Black box.

This ball was made of cork and covered with leather. Goose feathers were stuck into the ball. Later, the goose feathers and cork ball were replaced by nylon ones. What's in the black box? What is the name of this sport?

Answer. This is a shuttlecock. The sport is badminton.

What is the name of a light boat with one oar?

Answer. This is a canoe.

Teacher. On the screen: footage of the regatta.

The rower stands in it, facing forward on one knee and paddles on one side of the boat with a single-bladed oar. This boat has no rudder, controls like an Indian pie.

No. 12 Blitz.

a) What is the name of the site where cyclists compete?

Answer. This is a cycle track.

Teacher. On the screen: footage of the competition on the cycle track.

b) At the Summer Olympic Games, fencing competitions are held. List the types of weapons used by athletes in this sport.

Answer. This is a rapier, a sword, a saber.

On the screen: footage of a fencing competition.

c) Remember summer views sports whose names begin with the letter “p”.

Answer. Swimming, diving, sailing.

Teacher. On the screen: footage of the sports listed by the children.

№ 13 Black box.

What and how were the champions who won competitions awarded in antiquity 29 centuries ago?

Answer. Olive branch and wreath.

Teacher. On the screen: frames of the award ceremony.

“There was a simple green wreath
From olive branches.
More precious than crowns
All warlike kings.

Because not a warrior
I received such a wreath
A worthy winner
And really a hero.

He did not want to sow grief,
Threatening to the defeated,
For him in a sports dispute
All rivals are friends! "

“And for those who are in the field, in the hall,
Who was the first in the pool -
Olympic medals,
Olympic pedestal! "

Summarizing

So the game is over.
It's time for us to disperse ...
Take a look at the scoreboard -
Let's summarize the game.

Announcement of the results. Rewarding.

One of the brightest and most massive events on the planet is the Olympic Games. Any athlete who managed to take the podium at the Olympic competitions receives the status Olympic champion for life and his achievements remain in the world history of sports for centuries. Where and how did the Olympic Games originate and what is their history? Let's try to make a short excursion into the history of the origin and holding of the Olympic Games.

History

The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece, where they were not only a sports, but also a religious holiday. Information about the very first games and their origin has not been preserved, but there are several legends that describe this event. The first documented date for the celebration of the Olympic Games is 776 BC. NS. Despite the fact that the games were held before, it is considered that they were founded by Hercules. In 394 AD, with the advent of Christianity as an official religion, the Olympic Games were banned by Emperor Theodosius I, since they began to be considered as a kind of pagan phenomenon. And yet, despite the ban on games, they have not completely disappeared. In Europe, competitions were held locally, somewhat reminiscent of the Olympic Games. After a while, the games resumed thanks to Panagiotis Sutsos, who proposed this idea, and thanks to the public figure Evangelis Zappas, who brought it to life.

The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 in the country where they originated - in Greece, in Athens. To organize the Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was created, the first president of which was Demetrius Vikelas. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes from 14 countries took part in the first Games of our time, they were a great success, becoming a significant sporting event Greece. Initially, it was meant to always hold the Games in their homeland, but the Olympic Committee has introduced a decision that the venue will change every 4 years.

The II Olympic Games of 1900, held in France, in Paris, and the III Olympic Games of 1904, held in the USA, in St. Louis (Missouri), were less successful, as a result of which Olympic movement overall experienced its first crisis after significant success. Since the Games were combined with the World Exhibitions, they did not generate much interest from the audience, and the sports competitions lasted for months.

In 1906, again in Athens (Greece), the so-called "intermediate" Olympic Games were held. At first, the IOC supported the holding of these Games, but now they are not recognized as Olympic. There is an opinion of some sports historians that the Games of 1906 were a kind of salvation of the Olympic idea, which did not allow the Games to lose their meaning and become "unnecessary."

All rules, principles and regulations are determined by the Charter of the Olympic Games, approved in Paris in 1894 by the International Sports Congress. The countdown of the Olympiads has been going on since the first Games (I Olympiad - 1896-99). Even if there are no games, the Olympiad gets its own serial number, for example, the VI Games in 1916-19, the XII Games in 1940-43 and the XIII in 1944-47. The Olympic Games are symbolized by five rings of different colors fastened together (Olympic rings), denoting the unification of the five parts of the world - the top row: blue - Europe, black - Africa, red - America, and the bottom row: yellow - Asia, green - Australia. The choice of venues for the Olympiads is carried out by the IOC. All organizational issues related to the Games are decided not by the selected country, but by the city. The duration of the Games is approximately 16-18 days.

The Olympic Games, like any strictly organized event, have their own specific traditions and rituals

Here are some of them:

Before the opening and closing of the games, theatrical performances are held, presenting to the audience the appearance and culture of the country and the city in which they are held;

The ceremonial passage through the central stadium of athletes and members of delegations. Athletes from each country go in separate groups in alphabetical order of country names in the language of the country in which the Games are held, or in the official language of the IOC (English or French). In front of each group is a representative of the host country who carries a plaque with the name of the country in question. The standard bearer follows him, carrying flag their country. This highly honorable mission is usually given to the most respected and titled athletes;

IN mandatory President of the International Olympic Committee delivers welcoming speeches. Also, the speech is delivered by the head of state where the Games are held;

The flag of Greece is hoisted as the country in which the Olympic Games originated. Her national anthem is being sung;

The flag of the country in which the Games are held is hoisted and the performance of its national anthem follows; - one of the outstanding athletes of the host country of the Games takes an oath on behalf of all participants about fair fight and competitions that will comply with all the principles and rules of sports;

The opening ceremony ends with the lighting and relay race of the Olympic flame. The initial part of the relay passes through the cities of Greece, the final part - through the cities of the country in which the games are held. The torch with fire is delivered to the city, which organizes the Games on the day of their opening. The fire burns until the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games;

The closing ceremony is also accompanied by theatrical performances, the speech of the President of the IOC, the passage of participants, etc. The President of the IOC announces the closure of the Olympics, followed by the performance of the national anthem, the anthem of the Olympic Games, and the descent of flags. At the end of the ceremony, the Olympic flame goes out.

Each country participating in the Olympic Games develops its own official emblem and mascot of the Games, which become part of the souvenir products.

The following sports are included in the program of the Olympic Games

BUT: Crossbow sport

B: Badminton, Basketball, Running, Skating, Bobsleigh, Biathlon, Billiards, Boxing, Freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling

IN: Cycling, Water polo, Volleyball

G: Handball, Sports gymnastics, Artistic gymnastics, Alpine skiing, Academic rowing, Kayaking and canoeing

D: Judo

TO: Curling, Equestrian

L: Athletics ,Ski race , skiing

H: Table tennis

NS: Sailing,Swimming, Diving , ,Ski jumping

WITH: Luge sports,