The Friesian horse is a heavy draft. Friesian horse

The country in which the tribe appeared is Holland. An ancient historian named Tacitus in his manuscripts wrote about the Frisian horse tribe of those times, it says that they are strong, powerful, but slightly ugly. Through evolution and hundreds of years, royal horses have been ennobled and aesthetically improved through natural experiments in crossbreeding. The Middle Ages knew this genus of animals as heavy horses that participated in battles, were not afraid of anything and were very large individuals in comparison with other breeds. These horses were previously used for crusades. After historical events and campaigns, oriental horses also contributed to the Frisian category.

At the time of the superiority and prosperity of Ancient Rome, a subspecies of horses of the Frisian category made their contribution to horse breeding, namely they entered the detachment of Roman legionnaires. A little later, after the departure of the Romans, the friezes filled and appeared on the Norwegian lands and in the vastness of England, using trade routes. On those lands, the subspecies was very actively crossed with local horses to improve the qualities of animals. A smaller copy of a Friesian horse lives in the lands of Great Britain, such horses are called ponies, since they are not large in stature. This breed is called Gudbrandsdal, it is a Norwegian representative, but in the UK, these are Dale and Fell ponies. Also, the Friesian breed is considered the parent of the Shire tribe.

For about 80 years, starting in 1568, the Friesian breed was influenced by other tribes who made a great impact. So, the Andalusian breed was able to give the stateliness of the horse. At the same time, the genus was increasingly used as a coach, since it was not needed by the knightly cavalry and Andalusian horses were used under the saddle.

Baroque times for the subspecies are no less significant and differ in that the tribe became royal. On it, kings and noble individuals went to parades, and were like decoration. Several years have passed since the horses of the Friesian category fell into the hands of ordinary people. The second half of the 19th century is characterized by a decline in the number of the subspecies. The Friezes could not be rivals with other species, which were created for speed. Thus, the number of stallions became less and less, and in 1913 there were only three of them. But fortunately, the breed was preserved.

The year 1965 is famous for the fact that breed lovers still managed to breed more horses out of 500 horses for breeding the breed. Since in the 60s there was a crisis for the breed and they began to liquidate it again.

Today, the interest of many people in the breed has grown significantly. Such horses perform in shows, circus arenas, etc. The Netherlands use the friezes for the opening of parliamentary sessions, and the friezes also represent the official departures of the king and his family. In the West, horses are used in carriage sports.

Friezes in the service of man

The Friesian horse breed has been saved thanks to the increased interest and attention in equestrian sports. Such qualities as intelligence, friendliness, majesty, nobility of the exterior, which are inherent in many individuals belonging to the breed, have become in demand. Now friezes are used very widely. They star in films, perform in the circus arena. These animals are used for horse riding. Their calm disposition will appeal to riders with little experience in equestrian sports. The Friesian horse is actively involved in many equestrian sports such as driving, dressage and eventing.

Breeding work, which is carried out in modern world, is aimed at strengthening sports qualities... A good-natured character, an elegant physique and a quick mind are put in the first place. To date, the livestock of this breed has been fully restored. All Friesian horses are subject to registration in the studbook, divided into sections. Each of them has its own characteristic color for registration forms. This will allow you to determine the status of the pedigree of a stallion or mare, even in the absence of knowledge of the language.

Horse description

Horses of this breed have a powerful physique, as well as a characteristic thick mane, tail and brushes on the legs. These animals inherited the elegance and grace of their lines from the Spanish horses. Thanks to such remarkable characteristics, these horses are in demand in dressage.

The height of the individual at the withers is 158-165 cm. These are bony, but high-legged and elegant horses. They are distinguished by the special structure of various parts of the body.

Head. They have a large and long head with a straight profile and rather long ears. The frieze horse is characterized by expressive dark eyes.
Neck. Muscular and powerful neck has a graceful curve and a very high set. The withers are well developed and extended.
Frame. Like all heavy draft breeds, the frieze horse has a fairly loose constitution. This disadvantage is imperceptible due to the particular slenderness and height of the legs of this breed. The chest is long and deep and is of moderate width. This breed has a long, soft back with a somewhat elongated body.
Legs. Long and sturdy legs have well-defined brushes. They start high enough, while falling in dense dense hairs to the very bottom of the hooves. This trait, characteristic of this breed, migrated to other species, called "freezing". Such decoration of the legs gives horses a spectacular "fairy-tale" look.
Wool. These horses have rather thick skin, covered with shiny short hair. This breed is characterized by an unusually long mane and the same lush tail. Previously, this breed had many colors (there was a Friesian horse with a chestnut and a black, as well as a forelock and a gray color). As a result of the crises carried by the breed, its genetic diversity has declined. Currently, there are only exclusively black representatives of these horses.

Features of the movement of Friesian horses

For this breed, it is characteristic of running with a high gait, in which the animal raises its legs high. This method of movement is considered unproductive, because the horse wastes extra energy on sweeping movements. Because of this feature, the frieze horse is considered one of the weakest among heavy trucks. From another point of view, this high and clear gait gives the movement of these animals grace and beauty, which is extremely valuable for dressage.

Thanks to this feature of sweeping leg movements, this breed has taken its unique individual niche between the draft cold-blooded breeds and the Spanish riding horses.

In addition to sports clubs, these horses are also used for recreational purposes. This breed is very often kept as pets. Due to the calm and docile nature of the frieze, the horse is very often used for horse riding even by untrained riders. The comfortable unhurried gait and balanced disposition of these horses is great for horse riding enthusiasts.

What is the character of the Frize breed?

The main character trait of a frieze horse is poise. These blacks have a gentle and friendly disposition. But, behind the external composure and calmness, an energetic temperament is hidden. This combination makes the breed popular among both horse riders and professional equestrians.

Frieze is a good horse and curious, has an excellent memory and is easy to train. Relatively unpretentious animals can easily withstand weather changes. However, these horses are selective about the composition of the feed quality.

Friesian horses are energetic, temperamental animals, but with a balanced character. They are friendly, easy to train, undemanding, quickly get used to the owner. And yet, keeping such animals requires a lot of effort, time and patience. Horses need to be given appropriate care and a comfortable living environment, and they need a balanced diet.

The most pressing question is where to put the purchased horse. There are 2 options: a paid stable and the construction of your own stable on your site. Each option has its own pros and cons.

By assigning an animal to such a stable, you get rid of the need to take care of it yourself, clean it, feed it, and so on - trained personnel deal with these issues. As for the disadvantages: a stable with a very low quality of service may be caught, some grooms deliberately neglect the prescribed norms, so their work must be constantly monitored. It costs a lot to stay a horse every month, while vaccinations, feeding and the services of individual specialists (trainer, veterinarian) are paid additionally.

Own stable

Content is much cheaper, you can create ideal conditions for your beloved pet. The construction of a room for one or two animals, if desired, is easily accomplished on our own and requires relatively low costs. Cons: it is necessary to delve into all the intricacies of the content in detail, devote maximum time to the horse, regularly take it out for walks, maintain perfect order in the stall.

If you decide on the second option, you should prepare everything before buying a pet. In addition to the stable itself, you will need a room for storing equipment, bedding and food for the animal, as well as a spacious area for walking.

Stable requirements:

the room should be spacious, warm, without drafts;
good natural light;
high-quality ventilation;
arrangement of a spacious comfortable stall with a lattice door;
availability of space for a feeder, drinker, manger for hay.

The feeder and nursery are set up from the floor, approximately level with the horse's chest. All containers must be securely fastened so that the animal does not rip them off while eating and drinking. The temperature in the stable should be between 16-18 degrees, regardless of the season. To ensure such conditions, the correct insulation of the building and the ventilation system allow.

Diet of Friesian horses

When compiling a diet, all the needs of the horse's body should be taken into account, because the animal will not be healthy on the grass and hay itself. In addition, the diet needs to be adjusted depending on the season, age and sex of the pet.

Daily ration for an adult horse:

Whole grain oats 5 kg
Bran 1-1.5 kg
Hay 10-13 kg
Raw carrots 2-3 kg
Mineral supplements 200 g
Crushed barley 1.5-2 kg
Table salt 30-40 g

Additionally, the diet should contain potatoes and beets in any form, wheat, corn, you can add a little silage. Meals should always start with roughage (spring straw, hay), followed by succulent feed and finally cereals. The horses are fed at the same time, in winter three times a day, in the warm season - in the morning and in the evening. If training is provided for the animal, give grain feed two to three hours before the start, otherwise it will be difficult for your pet to move. There must be a lick salt in the feeder.

If nutrition is organized correctly, the body gets everything nutrients in full. Such horses do not need synthetic vitamins even during periods of intense exercise. If the diet is limited, the animals are deficient in trace elements and vitamins, which means that special vitamin supplements must be introduced into the feed. There are ready-made combination feeds especially for horses. The standard composition includes oats, wheat bran, barley, cake, sunflower oil, chalk. All components are crushed, enriched with vitamins and microelements, then pressed into granules. In addition to the standard compound feed, there are varieties for foals, mares, breeding horses.

It is very important to ensure constant access to clean and fresh water. If possible, install an autodrinker that connects to the water supply system - this will eliminate the need to manually change the water every day. If this is not possible, the drinkers should be regularly rinsed and poured every day clean water... Residues should always be drained away so that the water does not stagnate.

What to feed the mares with?

Friesian mares should receive only the best nutrition from the first days of pregnancy. In the warm season, they should be grazed on good pastures for at least 5 hours a day. V winter season provide the most varied feeding: in addition to grain mixtures and wheat bran, bean and meadow hay, root crops, apples, silage in small quantities, phosphorus and calcium supplements are required. The most valuable feed is sprouted grain, which is given along with concentrates. They teach it gradually: the first portion is no more than 50 g, then it is increased daily by 10-15 g, bringing the amount to 300 g per day.

It is very important to monitor the quality of the grains and to prevent the appearance of mold. It is impossible to give moldy food to foal mares, and just healthy horses, so as not to provoke diseases. Bean hay and alfalfa have been reduced in the last two months, and total weight roughage should not exceed 2 kg per day per 100 kg of body weight. The quality of feed must be given Special attention, since the consumption of rotten or fungal hay, rotten root crops, expired vitamin supplements leads not only to diseases of mares, but also to fetal death. In the most severe cases, pregnant mares can die.

The quantity of feed is as important as the quality. Undernourished, emaciated horses tend to have too weak and painful foals and have low milk production. Overfed mares also give birth to weakened foals, which subsequently gain weight and develop worse. It is best if the animal has a body condition above average, but without pronounced signs of obesity. It is in such individuals that strong offspring appear and there are no problems with milk production. The feeding regime for pregnant mares includes 4 feedings at regular intervals. In this case, hay is divided into equal portions for each feeding, concentrated feed is divided equally between the first three doses, root crops are given only in daytime feedings. Juicy feed should come in the form of bran mash. Root crops are pre-washed, large ones are cut into pieces.

It is possible to release a foal mare into the pasture only after the dew has dried or the frost has melted. Do not graze on frozen winter crops. Eating wet and cold grass in most cases provokes abortion of animals. Three weeks before foaling, bean hay is completely excluded from the diet, food is given more often and in smaller portions. The bran is not steamed, but boiled and given already in the form of porridge. Drink water at room temperature, in the amount of 9-10 liters three times a day.

Breeding Friesian horses

Any breed needs to preserve and improve its qualities in future generations. Horses go through a very strict selection process before being selected for breeding. In addition to an impeccable pedigree and spectacular appearance, animals must have excellent working qualities. This is controlled by a check called kerung. Horses are also selected according to the standards that candidates for reproduction must meet: compliance with standard measurements, height, weight, character. Usually, after checking 1000 individuals, only a hundred are selected. For example, a stallion, having passed the selection selection, must also have impeccable health and excellent performance.

Each successful foal is registered by the Royal Friesian Studbook, which has existed since 1879, where you can trace the pedigree of each thoroughbred horse. The right to carry out breeding work belongs to the association of the breed or its affiliates after careful selection of animals.

A newborn foal is implanted with a chip with an individual number during the year and entered into the herd book. Only such foals are considered purebred Friesians. . Spontaneous breeding outside the association is considered illegal, and newborn foals without a chip cannot be entered in the herdbook of the breed, and therefore are recognized as outbred.

Friesian horses are rightfully called black pearls. In Russia, there are over 120 of them, and they are used in equestrian sports. Individual breeders love this ancient majestic breed and are breeding it.

Advantages and disadvantages of the Friesian horse

At the moment, the world population of horses of this breed is about 60 thousand, half of which are in the Netherlands itself. By modern standards, the number of Friesian horses is very high, that is, the breed is in great demand.

Its popularity stems from the following characteristics:

Great exterior. The Friesian horse is appreciated all over the world, above all, for its outstanding elegant appearance. The breed is just perfect for use in ceremonies, as well as for tourist purposes (city carriage rides). By the way, although only black color is allowed in the breed standard, sometimes white foals are born. Of course, the white Friesian horse is a clean marriage that is not allowed to breed within the breed, but it is no worse for use than black horses.
Convenience for the rider. Usually, such a characteristic of horses as comfort for the rider is not mentioned when describing the breeds. But in the case of the Friesian horses, this quality is so noticeable that it deserves a special mention.
Compliant character. Friesian horses are known for easy learning, obedience and generally calm disposition, although their intelligence can hardly be called outstanding.

Unfortunately, the Friesian breed has several significant disadvantages:

Demanding to the conditions of keeping and feed. In order for the Friesian horse to develop well, have good health, look beautiful and work with full dedication, it needs to create the most comfortable conditions in the stable. In addition, she also needs to be fed according to a strictly compiled diet, which includes a lot of components.
Unsuitability for sports. Pictures of a Friesian horse very rarely have sports theme... The fact is that the breed is actively used only in one sport discipline - driving. Yes, and here she does not have much success, yielding to faster and more hardy breeds.

How much do Friesian horses cost?

How much is the Friesian horse breed? Friesian horses are on average from 500 thousand rubles, this despite the fact that the price is practically minimal. In such advertisements from private traders, you can run into scammers, because basically, in this way, they sell animals without documents. To acquire a thoroughbred and proven breed, a healthy horse, you need to look for an animal from breeders at the most famous stud farms. The price, of course, can vary significantly.

The most expensive are young mares or foals. The price of a Friesian horse may also differ from the location of the selling club. Before choosing an individual, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with it personally and look at its appearance, study the reviews of the Friesian horse.

12.04.2013

Friesian horse growth- above 150 cm.

The suits are black only. Mares have a small asterisk mark. Stallions have no marks.

Exterior - the Friesian horse is very elegant, tall, long-legged. And although the Friesian horses are quite massive and large, it still looks like a king.

The horse warehouse is a harness. The long back is often soft. Slightly stretched but wide body. Large, elongated head with long ears, beautifully arched neck. The most important distinguishing feature of the Friesian breed is the thick, shaggy brushes that fall to the very hooves, this is what they call "Frisian".

Despite all their grace and elegance, the Friesian horses are heavy draft horses.

Important information about the breed

Holland is rightfully considered the birthplace of the breed.

Friesian horses have a good disposition and a very energetic character.

Friezes in harness

Today, friezes are considered quite rare, this does not mean that there are few of them left, no, there are breeds, the number of which is much smaller. Friesians are just purebred and very popular horses. This breed is actively used at exhibitions, they are popular in dressage. Also, because of their amazing beauty and grace, they are harnessed to carriages during expensive shows and performances.

History of the Friesian breed

The Frieze breed is the main pride of Holland in terms of horse breeding... They are the only purebred horses bred in Holland. The roots of this breed go deep into the past. The Frisian breed was recorded at the beginning of the 13th century. However, they were mentioned much earlier.

Even historians of Rome mentioned the Friesian breed in the 1st century AD. Many images of knights on horseback indicate that the friezes have always been noble horses and that important persons proudly sat on them. Later, during the Hundred Years War, Andalusian and Arabian blood was added to the Frisian. This greatly influenced the friezes, the gracefully arched neck is proof of this.
Gradually towards the 19th century, Friesian horses became a rarity due to their inaccessibility. Only the rich could afford such a horse, and thus emphasized their status.

At the beginning of the 20th century, this heavy draft breed worthy competitors appeared - Bovenlander. And the Friezes had to compete in order to prove their superiority. However, in heavy farm work, the Frisians were significantly inferior to the Bovlenlader, so the choice of the farmers was not in favor of the Frisians. Farmers often crossed Friesian horses with other draft horses in order to obtain a stronger and more resilient horse.

Lifestyle in nature

The main distinguishing advantage of the Friesian horses is their uniqueness and versatility of use. The Friesian horse will become the leader in dressage and carriage transportation, and it will immediately be useful in diving and sports. The horse will withstand the roads along the way with any conditions, whether it be smooth paths, sports fields, or absolute off-road.

Habits and disposition

Friezes hide in themselves an absolute temperament under the visual composure and calmness. Due to this, this breed is ideal for regular amateur or professional riding. Such harmony of two irreconcilable qualities of character, such as temperament and poise, is due to the fact that the Friesian horses were obtained by crossing the Spanish type with horses and representatives of cold-blooded horses.

The horse's versatility lies in its special habits and manners - they easily overcome any elements of dressage, in the hands or with a saddle, it does not matter. Moreover, such horses were originally used for harness. But the most important purpose of the Friesian horse is a coach horse, which is famous for its well-developed trot. As practice shows, other horse breeds can only be done by professionals in the field of horse breeding, even a novice amateur can handle friezes. It is difficult to find such a breed of horses that fit in their talents the ability to cope with horseback riding and harness riding.

Care

Despite the fact that even an amateur can keep a Friesian horse on his estate, horses of this breed require accurate and regular care. The main difference between such a horse is the hair brushes on the limbs, which prevents the risks of bacteria and fungi. Long mane and the tail is not difficult to care for. It is advisable to braid your hair in braids, setting aside a few days to rest in a loose form. Hair conditioner is sprayed three times a week for easy combing. The coat requires the same care so as not to accumulate dandruff and dust. Once a month (or once every 45 days), the frieze hooves must be cleaned, lubricated with a special ointment for hooves. Most often, horse breeders lubricate hooves from all sides with olive oil, preventing dryness and creases.

Nutrition

Due to a properly composed diet, such indicators of horse health depend as blood pressure, body temperature, functioning internal organs and respiratory systems. Adequate food assumes the required level of productivity and usefulness of horse use - muscular work. And it directly depends on metabolism and digestion.

Protein nutrition is necessary for stallions to build muscle mass, producers - for the production of semen, mares - for the production of milk. Fiber and carbohydrates in the horse's diet are also important. Minerals and vitamin complexes in the horse's diet are no less important. Young animals need calcium and phosphorus, in general horses need vitamin B. In summer, the Friesian diet should consist of green fodder and fresh grass, in winter - concentrated, juicy and roughage, in particular oat and barley grains. Rye and wheat bran will improve the digestive system and metabolism, increase appetite. Roughage alternates with hay after an hour of time, in which you need to have perennial grasses, cereals and legumes. Beets, carrots, and potatoes are good for fries, as well as making muesli regularly.

In order to understand the distinctive features and popularity of the Friesian horse breed, conclusions can be drawn from the following fascinating facts about her.

Since ancient times, friezes have been used for ceremonies and processions, today in parades because of their noble posture and luxurious hair.
The famous World Equestrian Games opened in The Hague in 1994, the royal carriage was harnessed by six of the best Frisians.
Despite the great success, experienced diving professionals prefer to use more intellectually developed horse breeds.
With a temperament, but a gentle character and friendliness, such horses will become a faithful companion even for a horse lover.
Only the Friesian breed of horses can boast of such a high stroke at any gaits.
Very often, experienced horse breeding professionals confuse the frieze with the fella pony, which cannot be distinguished from the black frieze by its exterior.
The Friesian horses were on the verge of complete extinction twice, only through the efforts of the Dutch horse breeders the breed was saved.
For any owner, the frieze will be an ideal substitute for a grass mower.
Friesian horses are very fond of sweets, so you need to regularly feed them with sugar.

Photos of friezes

Friesian foal next to mom

Dressage frieze

Frieze with a rider

Video about the Friesian horse breed

How much is a frieze

Today, both private owners of horse breeders and special communities and clubs are engaged in breeding Friesian horses. As a rule, such institutions are located outside the city limits, since pastures are needed for decent maintenance and sale of the frieze, Fresh air and clean ecology.

To buy a frieze, you need to think not only about its cost, but also pay attention to the conditions for raising and breeding horses. As practice shows, on average, an adult frieze will cost 100 - 120 thousand rubles, it all depends on the breeding conditions and the seller's guarantors. A responsible seller guarantees a warm stable for a maximum of 9-12 animals, balanced nutrition using high quality feed, availability of all vaccines and individual care for each horse.

To own a Friesian horse means to emphasize your subtle sense of taste, grace and commitment to luxury. The horse will become a faithful friend and companion for many years.

Friesian horse today

The modern world changes the way and living conditions, presents innovations and innovations, but, despite this, the popularity of horses does not diminish. Today the Friesian horse breed is in great demand in the circus arts, is widely used in dressage performances and parades, and are also the main contenders for sledding competitions.

Frieze is good because, having a temperament and disposition, he does not cross the line of fervor and easily makes contact with people. The horses are so balanced and good-natured that they are used for riding training. In addition, the Frisians can easily tolerate climate changes, so in Russia the demand for such horses never falls. The only "but" - horses are demanding on the composition and quality of food.

The universality of friezes lies in the fact that they can easily perform elements and complex tricks, both under the saddle and in the hands. The frieze spread throughout all parts of Europe and America. Today the frieze is, first of all, a coach and, at the same time, a heavy horse with an ideally developed and learned trot, and an ideal exterior increases the demand for such a breed of horses, which are famous for their large stature, neat elongated head, graceful ears and stately proud posture. The elegance of horses played into their hands, since ancient times such horses were harnessed by the royal cavalry and carriages, accompanying the leaders of countries and cities.

No horse is capable of raising its legs high with such grace and uniqueness in gaits, trotting and racing. And although experts consider such movements to be an unnecessary waste of energy, such a feature of the horse makes it unique and catchy to the eyes of others.

Holland is home to the beautiful Friesian horses. Another name for the breed is the Dutch harness or hardtabers. Noble black beauties with thick manes and tails have repeatedly flashed in many films of famous directors. The spacious and high movements have made this breed popular for dressage, as well as all kinds of horse shows and circus performances.

The historical homeland of the Frisians is a small area in Holland - Friesland, and the first mentions of black horses date back to the eighth century AD.

In the writings of the Roman historian Tacitus, the distant ancestors of the modern Frisians are described as ugly and short horses of the universal type: they are good both under the saddle and for field work, carriage harness and ceremonial trips. During the period of prosperity of the Roman Empire, the Frisians came to Britain with the legionnaires. After the collapse of the empire, the Friesians came to Norway, where they were actively used as producers and improvers for many local breeds. It was the friezes that gave rise to the Dale ponies and horses of the Fell breed, and the Norwegian goodbrastals are an exact miniature copy of the friezes.

In the Middle Ages, heavy friezes with a comfortable and productive move were ideal for the knights' crusades. Strong horses were well adapted to work under knights in iron armor. The knights returned from the campaigns with trophies - horses of eastern breeds, which later made it easier and ennobled the Frisians. The occupation of the country by the Spaniards in 1568 led to a deterioration in people's lives, but it had a favorable effect on the breed: the Andalusians and Berberians brought to Holland significantly improved the type of the Friesian horse, giving it a spectacular appearance and a baroque type.

Over time, the need for work horses disappeared and more and more attention began to be paid to the carriage ride and horses for ceremonial trips. Frisian horses with a high carriage speed began to be bred at the stud farms of the Archbishop of Salzburg and the kings of Denmark.

Since that time, the Friesian horse breed has completely disappeared from the peasant fields, but not a single royal trip or horse ride could do without these magnificent black beauties.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Friesian population dwindled, as it became difficult for them to compete with trotters and English purebreds. Running and horse racing became more and more popular, and in these disciplines the Friesian breed did not shine with good agility. In order to preserve the breed and type, the first Friesian pedigree book was organized and in 1879 - a national community of breeders and lovers of Friesian horses. However, already in 1913, the number of the breed decreased so much that in total three high-breed and typical stallions were described. In the second half of the twentieth century, the total population of the breed was no more than 500 horses. Friesian connoisseurs had to work hard to revive the population and preserve the unique qualities of horses.

Breed features

Exterior

The Friesian horse is not very large. The height at the withers is no more than 165 cm. The horses are elegant, well-built, with harmonious and correct proportions: the ratio of the forearm, dorsal girdle and hindquarters is 1: 1: 1.

Horses have tall and slender legs, the body constitution is rough and loose. The body is slightly stretched, the back is long, which often leads to such a disadvantage as softness. However, the looseness of the constitution and the soft back are not always visible against the background of the high neckline and long body lines.

The horses' heads are small and expressive, with a straight or hump-nosed profile, large and expressive eyes set wide apart, neat short ears. The neck is long, with a beautiful curve, an expressive nape and a smooth transition to the withers. All friezes are characterized by strong long forearms with a well-developed lower leg, long pasterns and wide hooves. The back is well muscled, the loin is wide, the croup is slightly sloping. The tail is set low, which well emphasizes the expressiveness of the croup.

This type of horse exterior belongs to the baroque type.

The Friesian horse breed has the main distinctive feature - an exceptionally black, very rich color. In mares, a white star is allowed no more than three centimeters in diameter. The black color was not always the main and only one, and until the middle of the twentieth century, horses could also have a bay color. The friezes kept in the summer months on grazing can also fade and their color may not seem black, but dark chocolate or even bay when tanned.

The main feature of the breed is the hairline. Incredibly long, thick, lush hair of the mane and tail is not cut throughout life. At exhibitions and competitions, the black shock of silky hair that develops with a rhythmic run arouses sincere admiration of the audience. Long thick friezes (brushes) grow on powerful legs from the hock joint to the wrist.

Features of the course

When conducting regular inspections of horses for entry into the studbook, inspectors pay great attention to the quality and correctness of the steps and trotting of the animals.

Another feature of thoroughbred friezes is four-stroke steps - that is, when placing each foot on the ground, the impact of the hoof on the surface should be clearly heard.
The frieze's trot is only two-stroke, characterized by an easy and relatively large suspension phase (movement without support).
At the trot, there is a good reach of the forelegs and a lead under the body of the hind limbs.

Power features

A properly formulated diet ensures good health for the horses. Protein is needed for muscle building, semen production from producers, and in mares, protein food directly affects the amount of milk. Feed should contain the required amount of fiber and carbohydrates, as well as vitamin and mineral complexes.

Young animals are given calcium with phosphorus, and vitamin B. In summer, Friesians are fed mainly with fresh green feed, in winter they are given concentrated, juicy and roughage, from vegetables - beets and carrots, oats and barley, muesli are constantly given.

Horses are fed rye and wheat bran, which improve digestion and increase appetite. Roughage is given an hour after hay, consisting of perennial grasses, cereals and legumes.

Features of the nature and use

The Friesian horse breed is versatile and is distinguished by its balance of temperament, energy, and human orientation. They are well suited for horse riding enthusiasts. Modern breeding work is aimed at creating horses of a coach - a thicker, and sports - a lighter type. Carriage Friesians perform well in driving, and sports horses show good results in:

horse shows;
circus performances,
dressage;
higher riding school;
in horseback riding in the Baroque style.

Animals have good, high efficiency and learning ability.

For representatives of the harness type, a high carriage course plays an especially important role. A carriage ride is a trot or step, a gallop, in which animals not only raise their legs high, but also make a large seizure of space with pronounced bending of the legs at the joints. A special harness is often used to train draft horses and develop a higher stroke, consisting of strong and elastic ropes fastened together and attached to a snaffle gland. This harness creates a kind of frame for the horse's movement, limiting its forward movement and at the same time raising the movement "up".

Gentle character, submissiveness, human orientation and comfortable movements made the friezes excellent companions for children's sports.

Features of caring for Friesian horses

Lush brushes on the legs are both decoration and a big problem for a horse. Thick hair needs daily careful care, otherwise the fungus begins to actively develop and biting midges appear - an unpleasant skin disease.

The bangs, mane and tail also need daily brushing, but some breeders choose to braid the braids every few days. This preserves both the integrity and purity of the hair. A special spray shampoo for the care of the mane and tail is recommended. It not only nourishes the hair follicle, but also prevents dandruff. On a black horse, it is most noticeable.

The horse's hooves also need special care: the hoof horn must be lubricated with a special oil, otherwise it will crack and break.

Hoof dryness is a common problem in the Friesian horse. It is recommended to trim the hoof horn once a month and a half, at least. You can wrap the hoof in clay before trimming. This nourishes the corolla and the hoof itself, and facilitates the work of the blacksmith.

Perhaps one of the most beautiful breeds today is the Friesian horse. Due to their unique characteristics and friendly disposition, the representatives of this breed are very popular in the world. This article will introduce you to these beautiful animals.

The Friesian horse breed has an easily recognizable exterior. This type is characterized by the following parameters:

the head is rather elongated and large with very expressive eyes. She has a straight profile with short and neat ears;
sufficiently wide nostrils;
long and muscular neck that has a graceful curve. The withers are long and well developed;
very powerful shoulders;
strong enough and strong back... It is long and relatively soft;
a deep and strong body with slanting shoulders. The chest is of moderate width;
the croup is sloping, with a low set tail.

In addition, the Friesian horse is characterized by bushy, bushy and long tails. The legs of the animals are very strong, long and bony with strong hooves and well-defined brushes. Due to the high position of the brushes, they fall in a dense and dense cloth to the very hooves. The presence of such brushes is considered the main feature of the species.

The horses themselves are stately, in height they can reach 160-165 cm. As a heavy draft animal, the Friesian horse has a loose constitution. But this disadvantage is more than compensated for by high and slender legs.

The Friesian horse breed is a black animal, white color is completely uncharacteristic for them. Moreover, their skin is devoid of all marks, which is clearly visible in the photo. Although there is evidence that in past centuries there was a bay and forelock color.

Friesian horses are characterized by a high and wide movement, which becomes most effective when the animal goes to a trot. Many experts consider this feature to be weak, since such a move involves significant energy consumption when lifting the legs.

Today, the Friesian horse is considered relatively rare, which has been able to maintain a full set of its universal characteristics for several centuries. Thanks to them, animals belong to both riding and hard-draft animals, being universal. Friesians occupy an intermediate place between "cold-blooded" heavy breeds and Spanish-type animals. Nevertheless, these animals have a clear specialization - coach.

As you can see, the Friesian horse breed has a rather bright and expressive exterior. Therefore, it is easily recognizable.

Features and disposition

Any breed has its own characteristics and the Friesian horse was no exception. It is characterized by the following features:

become;
character and disposition;
suit;
brushes and mane;

The Friesian horse breed has a memorable and proud stance, which is complemented by powerful legs, a straight neck with a graceful curve and an almost straight profile.

Separately, it should be noted the nature of the animals, which are famous for their friendly disposition. The main character trait of the Friesian breed is considered to be their poise. However, they are quite energetic. This feature allows you to use horses for recreational and family walks, as well as for horse riding training.
Animals have excellent memory, which is combined with high performance. At the same time, all friezes are very curious, which allows them to learn quickly and easily. Therefore, they so easily grasp the most diverse disciplines to perfection.

The black suit, combined with a thick and lush mane, with a tail and brushes, creates the impression that the animal has left a book page. It should be noted that breeders prefer not to trim the mane, tail and brushes. Therefore, they often grow to the very ground. As a result, when walking and running, they flow over the animal, creating a beautiful picture for a photo. It is such an original and unique appearance of animals that is the most important “ business card»Friesian breed.

In addition to appearance, the Friesian horse stands out somewhat for its running, which many experts also refer to as a specific feature. These horses move with their characteristic high and clear gait, during which the animals raise their legs high. Because of this, many horse breeders consider the Frisians to be weak. However, on the other hand, thanks to this feature, running becomes graceful and acquires a special charm, which has found application in horse riding.

All the features described make it possible to use Friesian horses both as pets and riding horses participating in races and various tournaments.

History of the breed

The Friesian horse was bred in the Netherlands, or rather, in Friesland. The first mentions of them date back to the time of the ancient Roman emperor Caesar, who described them as the horses of the then Germanic tribes.

Today, experts believe that the ancestors of the Frisians are the local heavy breeds of horses, which were brought in by the Celtic conquerors. According to data that have come down to us since the time of the Roman historian Tacitus, the first representatives of the breed were characterized as versatile, strong, but not very attractive horses.

Thanks to selective selection, the descendants of those horses in the Middle Ages were able to be used for battle as war, large and heavy horses. There is evidence that it was on this breed that European knights set off on their crusades. During the campaigns to the east, these horses were crossed with oriental species, which had a positive effect on the characteristics of the animals.

According to historical documents and evidence that have come down to our time, it is known that the Friesian horse had a significant impact on English horse breeding, since animals were widely used for military purposes during the campaigns and wars of the Middle Ages.

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, a deeper penetration of the Frisians into the territory of Norway and England is noted. Here the animals were used for breeding purposes to improve the characteristics of local horse varieties. As a result, today such breeds as the English Dale and Fell ponies and the Norwegian Gudbrandsdal resemble miniature Frisians in their characteristics. It is also believed that the Friesian horse is included in the list of ancestors of the Shire breed.

Holland's possession by Spain (16th century) played important role in the formation of the breed. It was during this period that the Barbary and Andalusian horses were used in the breeding of the breed. Thanks to the Andalusian influence, the modern Frisians got their stateliness. Many horse breeders believe that crossing with these species led to the manifestation of a gray color. This evidence is quite often found in historical documents of that time.

In the same period, there was a decrease in the popularity of the friezes as war horses. This can be explained simply - the loss of the need for heavy knightly cavalry, which was replaced by light, represented by Andalusian or Spanish animals. Therefore, more and more often the Friesian horse was used as a coach.

During the Baroque period (17th - 18th centuries), these animals were actively bred at the royal courts. They were used as ceremonial horses for kings and nobles. But over time, when the wave of the overthrow of monarchies swept across Europe, the Frisian horse also began to be used by the Dutch peasants.

In the 18-19 centuries, this species gained particular popularity due to the excellent speed at that time at the trot. At that time the epithet “hardtrabers” was applied to outstanding trotters. Such trotters were used in breeding the following trotting breeds: American, Norfolk and Orlov. The last selection had the greatest influence. The Oryol breed inherited from the Frisians such exterior features as bony legs with prominent and large hooves, long brushes and large croup. At the same time, according to many experts, the black color has spread among the Oryol breed precisely thanks to the friezes. It is also believed that these animals were used for breeding the Norfolk Shelsa breed.

In the 19th century, the species lost much of its popularity and the animals were mainly used by amateur athletes. During this period, horses were bred only by peasants who did not pursue special goals in the selection of certain characteristics. A decrease in the number of the species began to be observed due to their displacement from hippodromes and equestrian sports.

Therefore, at the end of the 19th century, a special society was created, which bore the name "Society of the Studbook for Friesian Horses." His goal was to breed a medium-sized horse for agricultural needs. But this could not stop the sharp decline in the number of purebred individuals, which could not compete with the popular working varieties at that time. As a result, by 1913 only three purebred stallions of the breed remained in the world. Only Dutch farmers, who crossed purebred animals with representatives of the Oldenburg breed, were able to save the species from complete extinction.

The second crisis came in the 60s of the 20th century, when the number of Friesian mares was only 500 animals. After that, the friezes found a "second wind" and today are considered one of the the most popular types horses used for breeding and equestrian sports.

Today, the popularity of the friezes not only does not decrease, but continues to gain momentum, thanks to the increased public interest in horses of the Baroque period. Friezes are active in circus shows, participate in harness competitions popular in the West, etc.

At the moment, this breed is being bred not only in Holland, but also in America, Western Europe and South Africa, thanks to which the Frisian population already has more than 12 thousand purebred representatives.

One of the pride of the Dutch, or rather the inhabitants of one of the northern provinces of the Kingdom of the Netherlands - Friesland or Frisia - is the Friesian horse, often called the "Black Pearl" for its unique characteristics and striking appearance. In the history of this breed, there were bright ups and deep failures, the threat of extinction and a miraculous resurrection. Today the breed is on the rise again, and the number of its lovers is growing, despite the serious material costs in keeping and breeding.

Origin

The Friesian horse breed belongs to the indigenous Dutch breed, the appearance of which was formed more than seven centuries ago. In general, the mention of friezes in historical chronicles occurs a thousand years earlier, but their description is not very similar to the horses of the modern breed. In those days, these were unsightly, low, but very efficient horses, on which the Frisian horsemen fought, and the Frisian peasants plowed.

The stormy process of conquest, which stretched out in Europe for centuries, made serious adjustments to the lives of people, changing the direction of the selection selection of horses in general and the Frisians in particular. The nobility of lines and grace were brought by horses from the east, who came to Europe during the time of the Crusades. The Friesian horse received royal status and the ability to dressage from Andalusian and Barbary ancestors, when the Netherlands was conquered by Spain. In times knightly tournaments and carriage carriages, the horse had to be powerful and stately, without losing mobility and learning. All these qualities were possessed by horses of the Friesian breed, spreading by the 17th century to many European riding schools.

At the same time, on the ice of a Dutch lake, the Frisians made their debut as trotting horses, providing them with the glory of the founders of most trotting breeds. It was among them that individuals most often appeared capable of running at a trot for a long time and briskly, which was not characteristic of the breeds of that time. Of course, power and stateliness did not allow the Friesians to be called real trotters, but the concept of "Friesian lynx" as a beautiful and energetic one was firmly entrenched in the everyday life of horse breeders.

However, the era of kings and queens was receding into the past, taking with them all the paraphernalia. The majestic Friesian horse began to rapidly lose popularity: the luxurious nobility was replaced by the bourgeoisie, and the peasants needed a strong worker who could plow the field and carry heavy loads. The most popular breed in the past could have disappeared irrevocably. But, as often happens, caring people, realizing the value of the national treasure, in 1879 founded the studbook of the Friesian horse. It was the first herd book in Holland, where it was decided to enter separately according to the registers both carriers of pure blood and mixed blood.

However, twenty years later, only three representatives of the Friesian breed could be entered into the book, which prompted the enthusiasts to form the Friesian Horse Society. Thanks to a well-developed program, the Friesian population was gradually recovering, but it was not possible to reverse the trend of practicality in horse breeding. To preserve the breed, it was necessary to sacrifice a spectacular appearance in favor of strength and endurance: the legs became shorter, and the body was more massive. But such changes did not save the situation with the breed for long, and in the 60s of the twentieth century, the number of Friesians again reached a critical level, despite the intervention of the royal family, who took the national treasure under their patronage.

Only an active interest in equestrian sports saved the Friesian horses once again from extinction, and it was precisely the characteristic qualities that were in demand: majesty, noble exterior, natural intelligence and friendliness.

The current state of the breed

The modern range of use of Friesian horses is very wide: from entertainment and games to sports and circus. Considering that more and more of them are involved in competitions - driving, dressage or triathlon - selection work is aimed at enhancing sports qualities. At the same time, it is important that the frieze does not lose its light character, ingenuity and elegance.

Today, according to the Royal Friesian Studbook (KFPS), there are more than 60,000 in the world, with over 50% of the population in the Netherlands. Absolutely all horses are registered in one of the studbook sections at the company's office, which is located in the town of Drachten. It is interesting that the colors of the registration documents are different for each section, therefore, even without knowing the language, it is possible to determine the status of the pedigree of a mare or stallion. Moreover, the KFPS conducts a mandatory registration of each mating, so each Friesian foal is counted and must be microchipped within six months, that is, a microchip with a code will be implanted in it.

Considering the importance of competent breeding, KFPS has developed very clear rules for the purchase and registration of Friesian horses. Based on the intended use, animals with specific characteristics are selected, with the Royal Studbook helping to match horse managers without mediation. It is important to make sure that the horse has a passport and pedigree, i.e. Studbook document, while the microchip numbers must match in both documents and with the chip located on the horse's neck. The KFPS member countries have their own national associations to help organize the work. In Russia, the NP "Breeders and lovers of Friesian horses" acts in this capacity.

Description and characteristics of the exterior

The Friesian horse does not belong to large breeds, however, it has harmonious proportions: forearm, medium and rear part correlate as 1: 1: 1. The height at the withers can be 150-160 cm. Long neck, bending beautifully, smoothly passes into the withers. The back is strong, muscular, the loin is strong and wide, turning into a long croup. The head is small, but very expressive with large, wide-set eyes and a slightly convex bridge of the nose. The forearms are long, the lower leg is well developed, the pasterns are long and flexible, the hooves are slightly wider in front than in the back, corresponding to the size of the horse.

The suit can only be black. But the most remarkable thing about the Friesian horse breed is the hairline, thanks to which any photo with her, galloping or standing, immediately becomes the center of attention. The legs of the animal are covered with long, thick hair, which lies beautifully on the hooves from the hock to the wrist. The very long and thick mane and tail of horses are not trimmed throughout their lives, which is a special source of pride for the owner. This black head of hair, along with a proud posture and rhythmic movements, creates an indelible impression of grandeur and nobility.

In addition to pedigree, the quality of the step and trot of horses is of particular importance during the annual inspections of the studbook. The step should be strictly four-stroke, that is, when moving, four successive strikes of the hooves are heard on the ground. At the same time, if you look at the horse from the front, the legs move straight. The powerful hind legs flex at the hock, fit well under the body and propel the forelegs. As a result, the step is free and wide. The trot should be strictly two-stroke, characterized by an easy and prolonged phase of unsupported movement. The front legs are actively extended forward, and the hind legs are well brought under the body. When evaluating the trot from the front, the legs should be straight.

Friesians are among those horse breeds that are loved not for speed, not for work capacity, and not even for beauty. This horse gives you the opportunity to touch the history, plunge into the Middle Ages and feel like a brave knight, and maybe even a king. In the same time miraculous salvation Frisians emphasizes the power of human enthusiasm, attracting more and more fans of this majestic, truly royal breed.