In the old days, fish loved to talk, and Pike perch was too much. He would be good if he spoke, otherwise all the trivial things: now he sharpens the fringes, then grinds nonsense, then speaks nonsense, and it used to be even worse: he talks too much.
And before that he somehow got tired of all the fish that none of them even wanted to talk to him: he would only fly away to some fish to talk, and she wagged her tail - and remember what his name was!
So he swam, swam, was silent, silent - until then he was silent, even drowning!
And the tongue itches death like!
Sudak swam from grief to the shore. Thinks: is there anyone there with whom to gossip.
He stuck his nose out of the water, looks - surely, there is someone shaggy on the shore, four legs, the fifth is a tail.
- Hey you, Mokhnatenky, - says Sudak. - Who are you? A fish?
- What are you, - says Mokhnatenky, - what a fish I am! I am the beast - the Otter.
- So I think it's not a fish, - says Sudak. - What should fish do in a dry place? Is she a fool, or what?
He said - and immediately bit his tongue.
But the Otter - nothing, was not offended, only licked her lips.
- Why is it just a fool? - asks. - Is it bad on the shore?
- Still not bad, - says Sudak. - You can't live at all!
- And in the water, it turns out, is it possible?
- In the water? Compared too! Know to swim in the water for your pleasure!
- And if I can't swim?
- Can't you swim? - Sudak was surprised. - What a laugh! Why, it's the easiest thing to do - to swim! Enter the water and you will swim right away!
- Won't I drown?
The pike perch almost choked with laughter. He even blew bubbles.
- What are you, - he says, - who is drowning in water? We, fish, have been living in water all our lives, and not one, thank God, drowned!
The Otter entered the water carefully and carefully: first along the breast, then along the neck ... it swam, swam ... but suddenly it would throw itself at the pike perch!
Barely he left her, only from the tail she pulled out the middle for him: there was a tail with a shovel, but became corners.
“Oh-oh-oh,” thinks Sudak, “I will never talk to strangers, especially with animals! You are their word, and they are by the tail! Look, beasts! "
Say he said, but the tongue is still itching! I swam a little - in another place I swam to the shore. He stuck out his nose again.
She looks - on a large stone the Stranger sits, all in feathers, white, pretty, and she herself cries pitifully and pitifully: “Tea! Tea! "
Sudak felt sorry for her.
- Hey you, - he says, - little white, pretty! Are you not a beast?
- What are you, - says the Stranger, - I, tea, bird! Tea, you know, I'm a Seagull!
- Why are you crying?
- Why am I crying? I want to eat, that's why I cry!
- Do you want to eat? - Sudak was surprised. - So why cry? Take it and eat it!
- It's good to give you advice! - says the Seagull. - I, tea, I know it myself! And what to take? There is nothing to take but sand and pebbles!
Well, pike perch laugh!
“Oh, you killed me,” he says finally. - As much food as you want, but she says - there is nothing to eat!
- Yes, in our water! And the shells are delicious, and the worms, and the crayfish, wow, but the tastiest of all ... - Suddenly Sudachka hesitated, but his tongue uttered by itself: - ... the tastiest of all are some fish!
And as soon as these words escaped him - the Seagull would fly up, grab him by the back, by the very middle!
Well, Pike perch - he also did not miss - somehow he dodged, left. Only the dorsal fin was torn off by the Seagull - it is still uneven in the Sudakovs.
Sudak sailed into the sea, to a deep place. I could barely catch my breath. He swears at himself!
“This is what I need, Sudak the fool,” he thinks. - He knew that it was not good to talk to strangers! Well, now at least cut me - I will never! I give you a gift! Not with animals, not with birds! And I won't swim to the shore! Let my fins dry out! "
And for a long time he strengthened himself, endured. Almost the whole day. Only by the evening my soul could not bear it - I got close to the shore again.
“I’ll look at least with one eye,” he thinks, “but say - no, no!”
Looks: what kind of miracle is it? A stranger sits on the shore, and who he is - and do not understand! It seems to be a bird: the nose is birdlike and whistles, but there are no feathers! It seems to be a beast - but no: there is not enough wool on two legs! Sits, meets the evening dawn.
Sudak looked, looked at him, but he is afraid to speak: the fin is still hurting.
And the Stranger noticed Sudak and says:
- Good evening!
The pike perch is silent.
- Why don't you answer? - says the Stranger. “It's impolite, brother.
Sudak is silent.
“Oh, you probably don’t know how to talk,” the Stranger guessed. - Right, right, fish can't speak! I forgot, I'm sorry!
Sudachishka felt offended. Until then, it's a shame - there is no urine!
- We can't do that? - blurted out. - Yes, we, if you want to know, wow how we can! We will also teach you!
- Yah? - the Stranger was surprised. - So why were you silent before?
- And therefore I was silent, because I gave a vow - not to talk with animals or birds, otherwise they love to bite painfully! What kind of bird are you?
- What are you, - says the Stranger, - what a bird I am to you!
- Then it turns out, the beast?
- And I am not a beast ... I, how would you explain it more clearly ... I am a man.
- Human? - repeated the Sudak. - The first time I've heard! Well, if a Man - then nothing.
- So I think - nothing, - says the Stranger. - And what is your name?
- Well, now we have met, - says the Man. - We can talk with you while I set up the tackle.
And he ties a thread on a stick.
- And what is such a tackle for? - asks Sudak.
- It's me, - the Man answers, - I won't lie to you - I decided to catch fish.
And Pike perch - from a great mind - how he laughs!
- Ry-s-ybki? - is talking. - But how are you going to catch a fish with a stick?
- It will be seen there, - says the Man, and he himself tied something on a string - some kind of squiggle.
- Although it is true, - says Pike perch, - we have such a fool-fish in the sea-ocean that it will bite a stick! You will not believe what a fool! Stones are enough! But, - he says, - if good fish you want to lure her ...
And he went and went to lay out: what what kind of fish eats, what he especially loves, where he walks, but when he sleeps, and when he feeds.
I posted everything. Chatted, chatted - I even wanted to eat myself.
And suddenly he sees: in front of his very nose, a worm twists and squirms in the water, appetizing, thick, as if saying: "Eat me!"
The pike perch hammered him.
Yes, only did not have time to swallow - he was on the hook.
- Well, - says the Man, - what are we going to do with you? Cook the ear?
And Pike perch from fear and "mama" can not say. Measurement.
The Man felt sorry for him.
- So be it, - he says, - I will let you go for the first acquaintance. But look, don't get caught next time!
He took the Sodachishka off the hook and threw it into the water.
The pike-perch will run up - and he didn't say "thank you"! I’ve lost my mind with joy, it’s obvious.
But only from that very day the fish in the rivers-seas began to decrease noticeably.
And one day all the fish gathered for a council.
- What, they say, is the reason? Neither the animal, nor the bird, nor the man touched us, and now they are not dragging us in court! Confess who taught them!
Sudachishka had to repent.
- So and so, - he says, - I, the fool, blabbed! Do with me what you want - I am to blame for everything!
They wanted to put his fish to death for this, yes, thank you, Flounder - there is no smarter fish in the world - dissuaded.
“This,” he says, “won't help grief anyway. And Sudak is now a scientist - he will be silent! Better, let's keep our mouths shut, so that neither people, nor birds, nor animals will learn any more of our fish tricks.
So they decided.
Since then, all the fish have taken water into their mouths and have not talked to people, animals or birds.
They speak only among themselves.
In the old days, fish loved to talk, and Pike perch was too much. He would have said good things, otherwise all the trivia: now he sharpens the fringes, now he grinds nonsense, now he talks nonsense, and it used to be even worse: he talks too much.
And before that he somehow got tired of all the fish that none of them even wanted to talk to him: he would only fly to some fish to talk, and she wagged her tail - and remember what his name was!
So he swam, swam, was silent, silent - until then he was silent, even drowning!
And the tongue itches death like!
Sudak swam from grief to the shore. Thinks: is there anyone there with whom to gossip.
He stuck his nose out of the water, looks - surely, there is someone shaggy on the shore, four legs, the fifth is a tail.
Hey you, Mokhnatenky, - says Sudak. - Who are you? A fish?
What are you, - says Mokhnatenky, - what a fish I am! I am the beast - the Otter.
So I think it's not a fish, - says Sudak. - What should fish do in a dry place? Is she a fool, or what?
He said - and immediately bit his tongue.
But the Otter - nothing, was not offended, only licked her lips.
Why is this a fool at once? - asks. - Is it bad on the shore?
Still not bad, - says Sudak. - You can't live at all!
And in the water, it turns out, is it possible?
In the water? Compared too! Know to swim in the water for your pleasure!
What if I can't swim?
Can't you swim? - Sudak was surprised. - What a laugh! Why, it's the easiest thing to do - to swim! Enter the water and you will swim right away!
Will I not drown?
The pike perch almost choked with laughter. He even blew bubbles.
What are you, - he says, - who is drowning in water? We, fish, have been living in water all our lives, and not one, thank God, drowned!
The Otter entered the water carefully and carefully: first along the breast, then along the neck ... it swam, swam ... but suddenly it would throw itself at the pike perch!
Barely he left her, only from the tail she pulled out the middle for him: there was a tail with a shovel, but became corners.
“Oh-oh-oh,” thinks Sudak, “I will never talk to strangers, especially with animals! You are their word, and they are by the tail! Look, beasts! "
Say he said, but the tongue is still itching! I swam a little - in another place I swam to the shore. He stuck out his nose again.
She looks - on a large stone the Stranger sits, all in feathers, white, pretty, and she herself cries pitifully and pitifully: “Tea! Tea! "
Sudak felt sorry for her.
Hey you, - he says, - little white, pretty! Are you not a beast?
What are you, - says the Stranger, - I, tea, bird! Tea, you know, I'm a Seagull!
Why are you crying?
Why am I crying? I want to eat, that's why I cry!
Do you want to eat? - Sudak was surprised. - So why cry? Take it and eat it!
It's good to give you advice! - says the Seagull. - I, tea, I know it myself! And what to take? There is nothing to take but sand and pebbles!
Well, pike perch laugh!
Oh, you killed me, - he says at last. - As much food as you want, but she says - there is nothing to eat!
Yes, in our water! And the shells are delicious, and the worms, and the crayfish, wow, but the tastiest of all ... - Suddenly Sudachka hesitated, but his tongue uttered by itself: - ... the tastiest of all are some fish!
And as soon as these words escaped from him - the Seagull would fly up, grab him by the back, by the very middle!
Well, Pike perch - he also did not miss - somehow he dodged, left. Only the dorsal fin was torn off by the Seagull - it is still uneven in the Sudakovs.
Sudak sailed into the sea, to a deep place. I could barely catch my breath. He swears at himself!
“So I, the Fool-Sudak, need it,” he thinks. - He knew that it was not good to talk to strangers! Well, now at least cut me - I will never! I give you a gift! Not with animals, not with birds! And I won't swim to the shore! Let my fins dry out! "
And for a long time he strengthened himself, endured. Almost the whole day. Only by the evening my soul could not bear it - I got close to the shore again.
“I’ll have a look at least with one eye,” he thinks, “but say - no, no!”
Looks: what kind of miracle is it? A stranger sits on the shore, and who he is - and do not understand! It seems to be a bird: a bird's nose and whistles, but there are no feathers! It seems to be a beast - but no: there is not enough wool on two legs! Sits, meets the evening dawn.
Sudak looked, looked at him, but he is afraid to speak: the fin is still hurting.
And the Stranger noticed Sudak and says:
Good evening!
The pike perch is silent.
Why don't you answer? - says the Stranger. “It's rude, brother.
Sudak is silent.
Oh, you probably don't know how to speak, - guessed the Stranger. - Right, right, fish can't speak! I forgot, I'm sorry!
Sudachishka felt offended. Until then, it's a shame - there is no urine!
Can't we do that? - blurted out. - Yes, we, if you want to know, wow how we can! We will also teach you!
Yah? - the Stranger was surprised. - So why were you silent before?
And therefore I was silent, because I gave a vow - not to talk with animals or birds, otherwise they love to bite painfully! What kind of bird are you?
What are you, - says the Stranger, - what a bird I am to you!
Then it turns out, the beast?
And I am not a beast ... I, how would you explain it more clearly ... I am a man.
Human? - repeated the Sudak. - The first time I've heard! Well, if a Man - then nothing.
So I think - nothing, - says the Stranger. - And what is your name?
Well, now we have met, - says the Man. - We can talk with you while I set up the tackle.
And he ties a thread on a stick.
And what is such a tackle for? - asks Sudak.
It's me, - the Man answers, - I won't lie to you - I decided to catch fish.
And Pike perch - from a great mind - how he laughs!
Ry-s-ybky? - is talking. - But how are you going to catch a fish with a stick?
There it will be seen, - says the Man, and he himself tied something on a string - some kind of squiggle.
Although it is true, - says Pike perch, - we have such a fool-fish in the sea-ocean that it will bite a stick! You will not believe what a fool! Stones are enough! But, - he says, - if you want to lure a good fish, you ...
And he went and went to lay out: what what kind of fish eats, what he especially loves, where he walks, but when he sleeps, and when he feeds.
I posted everything. Chatted, chatted - I even wanted to eat myself.
And suddenly he sees: in front of his very nose, a worm twists and squirms in the water, appetizing, thick, as if saying: "Eat me!"
The pike perch hammered him.
Yes, only did not have time to swallow - he was on the hook.
Well, says the Man, what are we going to do with you? Cook the ear?
And Pike perch from fear and "mama" can not say. Measurement.
The Man felt sorry for him.
So be it, - he says, - I will let you go for the first acquaintance. But look, don't get caught next time!
He took the Sodachishka off the hook and threw it into the water.
The pike perch will start up as soon as possible - and he didn't say "thank you"! I was relieved of joy, apparently.
But only from that very day the fish in the rivers-seas began to decrease noticeably.
And one day all the fish gathered for a council.
What, they say, is the reason? Neither the animal, nor the bird, nor the man touched us, and now they are not dragging us in court! Confess who taught them!
Sudachishka had to repent.
So and so, - he says, - I, the fool, blabbed! Do with me what you want - I am to blame for everything!
They wanted to put his fish to death for this, yes, thank you, Flounder - there is no smarter fish in the world - dissuaded.
This, - he says, - will not help grief anyway. And Sudak is now a scientist - he will be silent! Better, let's keep our mouths shut, so that neither people, nor birds, nor animals will learn any more of our fish tricks.
So they decided.
Since then, all the fish have taken water into their mouths and have not talked to people, animals or birds.
They speak only among themselves.
Diagnostic work (grade 6, revision at the end of the year)Part A.
- Next to each name of a section of linguistics, write down the name of the language unit that is the object of its study.
A) phonetics: ___ B) vocabulary: ____ c) syntax: ____ d) morphemics: ______
2. In which word the number of letters and sounds does not match:
A) edge B) logs C) broth D) swim
3. Use the arrows to indicate the characteristics of the words from the left column.
4. Specify a word that does not contain an unpronounceable consonant
A) timber B) timber c) horrible d) alias
5. Indicate a word that is not the same root in relation to the rest of the words:
A) adjusting B) ironing C) adjusting D) malfunction
6. What word is incorrectly divided into morphemes?
A) kad-ushk-a B) pre-in-bed-eni-e C) sub-del-n-th D) gal-chonok
7. What noun does not apply in the 2nd declension?
A) plaster B) power C) French D) key
8. What verb does not belong to 1 conjugation?
A) dig B) sniff C) bake D) walk
9. What parts of speech are the highlighted words?
A) She looked slimmer in a dress
B) Someone was singing in class.
C) Xin lakes attracted and beckoned
D) From the fifth floor music sounded.
10. In which row is the letter I missing in all words?
A) pr. Connect, pr. Close, pr. Display.
B) unit unit, boom.range, c.negret
C) pre-history, inter-institutional, rass.skat.
D) glass, grow, station I.
12. In which example is it NOT a particle?
A) (not) deep stream B) (not) calm child C) (not) blue dress D) (not) friendly team
13. In what row is b missing in all words?
A) stand up, you plunge, balcony.chik
B) lamppost driver, racer driver, saw driver
C) swift., Pellet., Blessed.
D) six hundred, five hundred, nine hundred
14. In what example is one letter H written?
A) guests, B) map C) car D) three
15. In which row is the letter O missing in all words?
A) kryzh.vnik, sh.rnik, sh.potok
B) crimson, ring m, starling m
C) eighth, dry, hard
D) be late, talk, head in.
Part B.
Read the text, complete the assignments.
(1) In the old days, fish loved to talk, and Pike perch was too much. (2) He would be good if he spoke, otherwise it’s all nonsense. (3) Now he sharpens, then grinds nonsense, then carries nonsense, or, in general, chatters.
(4) And before that he somehow got tired of all the fish, that none of them wants to talk to him. (5) Sudak swam from grief to the shore. (6) Looks - a white, pretty bird sits on a large stone, and she herself cries pitifully. (7) It turned out that it was a Seagull, and she was crying from hunger.
(8) The pike perch laughed.
(9) - Yes, in our water, shells are delicious, and worms, and crayfish, wow, but some fish are the most delicious!
(10) Lick your fingers! He said.
(11) And only from him these words escaped - the seagull will fly up, grab him by the back, by the very middle!
(12) Something like the Pike perch remained alive, only the Seagull tore his dorsal fin.
(13) Pike perch sailed into the sea to the ____________ place and scolds himself: (14) "This is exactly what I need. (15) After all, I knew that it was not good to talk to strangers! (16) Well, now at least cut me up. (17) ) I give you a gift! (18) I will not talk to animals or birds! (19) And I will not swim to the shore. (20) Let my fins dry out! ”(According to B. Zakhoder)
16. Write out the verbs from the text in the form of the imperative mood.
17. Write out the phraseological unit from the 3rd sentence.
18. In which sentence of the text does the indefinite pronoun occur?
19. Which sentence is simple and uncommon?
20. Write out the adjective in the superlative degree of comparison from the 1-9th sentences.
21. Provide an incorrect statement.
A) There are no verbs in the 9th sentence.
B) In the 20th sentence, there is a phraseological unit paraphrased by the author of the text.
C) In the 14-10th sentences, only imperfective verbs are used.
D) In the 3rd sentence there are homogeneous terms.
22. What type of speech does the given text refer to?
A) reasoning
B) description
C) narration
D) narration with elements of reasoning.
23. What adjective is omitted in the 13th sentence?
Famous quotes, fixed expressions, phraseological units, proverbs and sayings are often used in speech. But often we do not even think about what meaning was originally put into this phrase. The content has already been transformed to such an extent that it often takes on the opposite color. Let's look at a few familiar expressions and try to learn something interesting about them.
1. The expression “ Leave in english»
This idiom is used when talking about someone who left without saying goodbye. And the British invented this expression during the Seven Years' War of the 18th century in relation to the French soldiers-deserters, and it sounded derisively ‘to take French leave’. The French changed the idiom, and from them it came to Russia.
2. The expression “ Goof»
Prosak is an old machine for weaving ropes and ropes. He had a complex structure and tremendous strength, so getting a person's hair, beard or clothing there threatened huge troubles.
3. The expression “ Go uphill»?
This expression comes from the card game "slide". It was similar to poker and “going uphill” was said about the player raising the rates in such a way that the partners were forced to fold.
4. The expression “ Devil's Advocate»
During the canonization of the next righteous candidate in the Catholic Church, there were two main characters - the devil's advocate and the defender of God. The first collected arguments against canonization, the second acted the other way around. The position of the devil's advocate lasted until 1983.
5. The expression “ I know that I know nothing»
Many have heard this saying of Socrates. But there is also a more complete version of this quote from Plato. There is one exception to the rule. Socrates says that he knows nothing except one single area in which he is terribly strong. This exception was the art of love - eroticism.
6. The expression “ Beluga roar»
Beluga fish really can't roar. And here is an INTERESTING FACT: the beluga whale - the northern dolphin makes a very loud sound, a real roar. It is his name that is used in this idiom.
7. The expression “ Bosom friend»
In the old days there was an expression "pour for the Adam's apple", which meant to drink hard. Hence the "bosom friend" appeared - a person with whom you can do this business, your best friend.
8. The expression “ Spread the thought along the tree»
In Old Slavonic there was the word "cape" - "squirrel". Then about the storytellers they said "Mysiya spread along the tree, like a gray wolf on the ground, a gray eagle under the clouds." In later translations, the cape was incorrectly transformed into a consonant thought and the meaning of the expression completely changed its color, became ironic, playful.
9. The expression " Crush flies»
This expression is used in Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin". This is not a direct indication of action, but a metaphor for drunkenness, akin to the expression "be under the fly."
10. The expression “ Give good»
In Glagolitic and Cyrillic, the letter D was called "good". In the set of signals of the navy, the flag corresponding to this letter denoted consent, permission. Therefore, “to give the go-ahead” meant “to say D,” that is, to allow.
11. The expression " Bury the talent in the ground»
V Ancient Greece, Persia, Babylon and other countries of Asia Minor used a large measure of money and scales - talent. And the very expression came from the Gospel parable about a man who buried a lot of money instead of investing it.
12. The expression “ Run like a red thread»
For the first time this phrase was used in the novel "Kindred Natures" by Goethe. And this expression comes from the decree of the English Admiralty of 1776, when it was ordered to weave a red thread into all the ropes for the navy. Apparently this was how it was supposed to fight theft ...
13. The expression “ Pour in on the first number»
In pre-revolutionary schools, flogging was required attribute educating students. It was held weekly in mandatory... But sometimes the mentor got too carried away. Then the student was released from punishment until the end of the month, until the first day of the next.
14. The expression “ Tyutelka»
Tyutya - an accurate hit, a blow to the same place in carpentry work. And the tunic is his diminutive form.
Often, to achieve some kind of speech effect simple words is not enough. Irony, bitterness, ridicule, your own attitude to what is happening - all this can be expressed much more succinctly, more precisely, more emotionally, with the help of phrases, the origin story of which is now known to few people ...
Scapegoat
The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of a living goat, thereby, as it were, shifting the sins of the entire people onto it. After that, the goat was driven into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the rite no longer exists, but the expression still lives on ...
Above: "The Scapegoat" - Painting by William Holman Hunt, 1854
Tryn grass
The mysterious "tryn-herb" is not at all some herbal medicine that is drunk so as not to worry. At first it was called "tyn-grass", and tyn is a fence. It turned out "podzabornaya grass", that is, no one needed, all indifferent weed.
Sour cabbage master
Sour cabbage soup is a simple peasant food: water and sauerkraut. It was not difficult to prepare them. And if someone was called a master of sour cabbage soup, this meant that he was not good for anything worthwhile.
Add a pig
In all likelihood, this expression is due to the fact that some peoples, for religious reasons, do not eat pork. And if such a person was imperceptibly put pork meat in his food, then his faith was defiled.
Pour in on the first number
Believe it or not, but ... from old school where students were flogged every week, regardless of who is right or who is wrong. And if the mentor overdoes it, then such a flogging was enough for a long time, until the first day of the next month.
Prescribe Izhitsa
Izhitsa is the name of the last letter of the Church Slavonic alphabet. Traces of flogging in certain places of negligent students strongly resembled this letter. So to prescribe an ichitsa is to teach a lesson, punish, it is easier to flog. And you still scold the modern school!
Goal like a falcon
Terribly poor, beggar. Usually they think that we are talking about a bird. But the falcon has nothing to do with it. In fact, the "falcon" is an old military battering weapon. It was a completely smooth ("naked") cast iron bar, fixed on chains. Nothing extra!
Kazan orphan
So they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is it the "Kazan" orphan? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. Mirza (Tatar princes), being subjects of the Russian tsar, tried to beg him all sorts of indulgences, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.
Unlucky person
In the old days in Russia, “the way” was called not only the road, but also various positions at the court of the prince. The falconer's way is in charge of princely hunting, the hunter's way is hound hunting, the horseman's way is in charge of carriages and horses. Boyars by hook or by crook tried to get the way from the prince - a position. And who did not succeed, they were scorned about those: unlucky person.
Inside out
Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. In the days of Ivan the Terrible, the guilty boyar was put backwards on a horse in clothes turned inside out and in this form, disgraced, they were driven around the city under the whistle and ridicule of the street crowd.
Retired goat drummer
The official version sounds like this: in the old days, trained bears were taken to fairs. They were accompanied by a dancer boy dressed as a goat and a drummer accompanying him to the dance. This was the goat drummer. He was perceived as a worthless, frivolous person.
In fact, this is not at all the case. The treasury in Arabic is a judge, and in Russian there are many words with a proto-root kaz: mandate, decree, order, punishment, execution, casuistry, Cossack. Apparently, during the existence of the ancient Slavic Kopa (meeting of family elders), the person responsible for the implementation of Kopa's decisions was called kaz... He had a drummer with him. Over time, the word "kaz" was forgotten, and they began to say "judge", and "kaz" in Russian folk speech turned into a "goat". In its original form, the proverb sounded like this: "Retired kaz drummer".
Lead by the nose
"Lead by the nose" - to deceive.
Apparently, trained bears were very popular, because this expression was also associated with fairground entertainment. The gypsies used to lead the bears by a ring threaded through their nose. And they forced them, poor fellows, to do different tricks, deceiving with the promise of handouts.
Sharpen the fringes
Balusters (balusters) are chiseled curly posts of the railing near the porch. To make such beauty could only true master... Probably, at first, "sharpening balusters" meant conducting an elegant, bizarre, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But by our time there were fewer and fewer skilled craftsmen to conduct such a conversation. So this expression began to denote idle chatter.
Nick down
In this expression, the word "nose" has nothing to do with the organ of smell. "Nose" was the name of the plaque, or note tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried with them such boards and sticks, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notches were made for memory.
Break a leg
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct desire (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. A feather in the language of hunters means a bird, down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter setting out on a hunt received this parting word, the "translation" of which looks something like this: "Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you placed remain empty, just like the trapping pit!" To which the earner, in order not to jinx him too, replied: "To hell!" And both were sure that the evil spirits who were invisibly present during this dialogue would be satisfied and lag behind, and would not intrigue during the hunt.
Beat the thumbs
What are "thumbs", who and when "beats" them? For a long time, artisans have made spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To cut out a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a piece of wood from a log - a thumbs-up. The apprentices were entrusted with preparing thumbs: it was an easy, trifling matter that did not require special skill. Cooking such chocks was called "beat the thumbs." From here, from the mockery of the foremen at the auxiliary workers - "baklushechniki", our proverb began.
After the rain on Thursday
The Rusichi - the most ancient ancestors of the Russians - honored among their gods the main god - the god of thunder and lightning Perun. One of the days of the week was dedicated to him - Thursday (it is interesting that among the ancient Romans Thursday was also dedicated to the Latin Perun - Jupiter). Perun was offered prayers for rain in a drought. It was believed that he should be especially willing to fulfill requests on "his day" - Thursday. And since these prayers often remained in vain, the saying "After the rain on Thursday" began to be applied to everything that does not know when it will be fulfilled.
Get in the grip
In dialects, the binding is a fish trap woven from branches. And, as in any trap, it is not pleasant to be in it. Beluga roar
Beluga roar
Belukha publishes various sound signals: whistling, screeching, dull groans, chirping, screaming, grinding, shrill scream, roar (hence the proverb "roars like a beluga").
He is like a fish - you have known this for a long time. And suddenly howling a beluga? It turns out that we are not talking about a beluga, but a beluga, as the polar dolphin is called. Here he really roars very loudly.
Smoke yoke
In old Russia, huts were often heated in black: the smoke did not go out through the chimney (there was no chimney at all), but through a special window or door. And the weather was predicted by the shape of the smoke. There is a pillar of smoke - it will be clear, dragging - to the fog, rain, yoke - to the wind, bad weather, or even a storm.
Not to court
This is a very old omen: both in the house and in the courtyard (in the courtyard) only that animal will live that the brownie will like. And if you don't like it, it will get sick, wither or run away. What to do - not to the court!
Hair Dybom
But what kind of rack is this? It turns out that standing on end is standing at attention, at your fingertips. That is, when a person is frightened, his hair seems to stand on tiptoe on his head.
Shoot on the rampage
Rojon is a sharp pole. And in some Russian provinces, this was the name of the four-pronged pitchfork. Indeed, you will not really trample on them!
Upside down
To brake - in many Russian provinces this word meant walking. So, upside down is just walking upside down, upside down.
Grated roll
By the way, in fact there was such a kind of bread - grated roll. The dough for him was kneaded, kneaded, rubbed for a very long time, which made the roll unusually lush. And there was also a proverb - do not rub, do not mint, there will be no rolls. That is, a person is taught by trials and troubles. The expression came from a proverb, and not from the name of bread.
Bring to light
Once they said to bring fish to clean water... And if the fish, then everything is clear: in the thickets of reeds or where driftwood drowning in the silt, the fish caught on the hook can easily break the line and leave. And in clear water, above a clean bottom - let him try. So is the exposed swindler: if all the circumstances are clear, he cannot escape the reckoning.
And there is a hole in the old woman
And what kind of a hole (a mistake, an oversight in Ozhegov and Efremova) is this, a hole (that is, a flaw, a defect) or what? The meaning, therefore, is this: And a wise person can be wrong. Interpretation from the mouth of a connoisseur of Old Russian literature: And the old woman can be ruined Porukha (Ukr. In a concrete sense, ruin (other Russian) is rape. Those. everything is possible.
Language will bring to Kiev
In 999, a certain citizen of Kiev, Nikita Schekomyaka, got lost in the endless, then Russian, steppe and fell into the hands of the Polovtsians. When the Polovtsians asked him: Where are you from, Nikita? He replied that from the rich and beautiful city of Kiev, and so painted the nomads wealth and beauty hometown that the Polovtsian Khan Nunchak hooked Nikita by the tongue to the tail of his horse, and the Polovtsians went to fight and plunder Kiev. So Nikita Schekomyaka got home with his tongue.
Ball skiers
1812 When the French burned Moscow and were left in Russia without food, they came to Russian villages and asked for food Shera mi, like give it to me. So the Russians began to call them that. (one of the hypotheses).
Trash
-… With you she will not be like that, and she herself, perhaps, will be horrified by such a case, but with me she will be just like that. Indeed, it is so. Like the last trash he looks at me. " (F. Dostoevsky "The Idiot")
Since the peasants were not always able to provide "humanitarian aid" to the former occupants, they often included horse meat in their diet, including the dead. In French, "horse" is cheval (hence, by the way, the well-known word "chevalier" - knight, rider). However, the Russians, who did not see any special chivalry in eating horses, christened the pitiful Frenchmen with the word "trash", in the sense of "rags".
Bastard
This is an idiomatic word. There is such a river Voloch, when the fishermen sailed with a catch, we said from Voloch came. There are several more tomological meanings of this word. Dragging - collecting, dragging. This word came from them. But it became abusive not long ago. This is the merit of 70 years in the CPSU.
Know all the ins and outs
The expression is associated with an ancient torture in which the accused was driven under the nails of needles or nails, seeking a confession.