Water management system.
Objective.
· Step by step understand the water management system;
· Provide expert data for the creation of a water supply management system;
· Preparation of multicriteria tasks.
Optimal water temperature for humans.
Let's figure out what kind of water is considered cold for a person, cool normal (optimal), warm and hot.
The optimum water temperature is considered to be 36-37 degrees, this is the temperature of the human body. Therefore, in the premises of preschool institutions, the temperature of hot water supplied to the water fittings of showers and washbasins should not exceed 37 ° C (SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings").
A temperature of 37 - 40 ° C is considered warm, respectively, above 40 ° C - hot.
A temperature of 36 - 25 ° C is considered cool, respectively, below 25 ° C - cold.
This means that the water temperature in the range of 25 - 45 ° C is mainly used. Provided that a person does not take water procedures in order to harden or cool the body from temperature environment(heat in summer). In the hardening and cooling mode, the temperature drops to + 15 ° C for adults, and up to + 30 ° C for babies.
I would also like to note that water procedures, like a shower, are one of the most popular species hydrotherapy. Exist different kinds shower for home:
rain and needle showers have a slight irritating effect, water is supplied to them under slight pressure, they are prescribed mainly as refreshing and tonic procedures;
Scottish shower, the method is that the patient is alternately directed first with a jet of hot (37 - 45 ° C) water for 30-40 seconds, and then cold (20 - 25 ° C) for 15-20 seconds. This is repeated 4-6 times. As a local procedure is prescribed for obesity, constipation associated with a decrease in intestinal tone (on the stomach); with myositis lumbar muscles, sciatica (on the lower back);
· Circular douche has a significant irritating effect on the nerve endings of the skin. The water temperature at the beginning of the course of treatment is usually 36 - 34 ° C, and by the end of the course it is gradually reduced to 25 ° C.
Souls as hydrotherapy procedures are contraindicated in acute inflammatory processes and exacerbation of chronic diseases of hypertension II and III stages, severe angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart aneurysm, chronic cardiovascular insufficiency, condition after recently stroke(6-8 months), malignant neoplasms, benign tumors with their tendency to grow, bleeding, tuberculosis in certain phases of the disease, infectious diseases, weeping eczema, pustular skin diseases, etc.
Conclusion:
Man uses mass water procedures different temperatures and water pressure. The main used water temperature parameters are from +15 °С to + 45 °С.
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The beauty portal recommends taking a shower, because. a jet of water falling on the neck and shoulders is a great natural massage that helps to cope with stress and relieve tension.
Shower - reception technique
There are different types of shower products that not only increase the invigorating effect, but also take care of the beauty of your skin.
So, for example, a massage with a horsehair mitt helps to deeply cleanse the skin, remove dead cells and is especially recommended for hard areas (such as knees and elbows). It is necessary to moisten the glove first or massage it with wet skin (directly during the shower) with light in a circular motion so as not to cause redness of the most sensitive areas.
A sponge is a great way to apply shower gel. After a shower, you can dampen the sponge cold water and wipe the chest with it, which allows you to keep it elastic.
Properly selected shower gel helps relieve skin fatigue and mental stress. Plants such as mint and lavender have an excellent tonic effect and quickly relieve fatigue, giving the skin a pleasant scent. The only caveat: do not apply the gel on dry skin, but only on wet skin, or pre-mix it with water in the palm of your hand.
Shower - optimal temperature
When taking a shower, it is very important to monitor the temperature of the water.. Too hot water can cause excessive relaxation and lethargy. The optimum water temperature should be around 37°C, with some exceptions. For example, to get rid of leg swelling, after taking a shower, direct a jet of cold water first on one leg, gradually lifting the shower up and then on the other.
Shower and wellness
After getting out of the shower, wrap yourself in a terrycloth bathrobe for a while to absorb the water, and then rub your whole body vigorously with a soft terry towel. This stimulates blood circulation in the skin, the epidermis is saturated with oxygen, and the skin color becomes pink. Not better than the moment for applying a moisturizer or a special firming or. The effectiveness of the beneficial substances contained in them is significantly increased due to the increased susceptibility of the skin after a shower.
What will help the quality of life?The quality of life always loves optimality, including the optimal temperature of the water that we drink or “meet” in the shower, in the bathroom, in the pool ...
But what is the optimum temperature? This question, perhaps, cannot be answered unambiguously. But, if we approach this issue comprehensively, then two factors can be called the “leaders” of this optimality: benefit and comfort for the body. But it is important to take into account one more thing - the goal.
When is the water temperature capricious?
Let's start the "debriefing" with water procedures. At first glance, everything is simple here. After all, for example, it is not a secret for anyone that small children are bathed in water tuned to the temperature of the human body, i.e. the famous 36.6 ° C. The same temperature is the most best option normal adult bathing.
But after all, water is a craftswoman, which can arrange not only a comfortable bath, but also recovery.
And here the water temperature can be pretty "capricious".
For example, if the body needs relaxation and "tuning" to sweet dreams, it is recommended to take baths with a water temperature of 38-40 ° C.
However, at this temperature it is important not to "overdo it." Therefore, “overdosing” yourself in such a bath for more than 5 minutes, and even with your chest completely submerged in water, is not only extremely reckless, but also dangerous for the heart and blood vessels.
But when dousing and taking a shower for the purpose of hardening, the temperature should be lowered from + 30 ° C to 15 ° C for adults, and from 34 ° C to 30 ° C for babies.
Some, of course, lower this “bar” much lower. But after all, this article is not about winter swimming, but about the optimal temperature for hardening.
Hey everyone to the pool!
However, ladies and gentlemen, now let's "transfer" from the bath and shower to the pool.
If you decide to go to the pool mainly to “unload” the spine and joints, then it is better to give preference to pools with a water temperature of 26-28 ° C (for babies, this “norm” is, respectively, 28 -30 ° C.)
But if you signed up for water aerobics and expect it to “hone” your figure, then you should make sure that the pool where your classes will take place will be “friends” with a temperature of 22-24 ° C. After all, it is precisely this temperature of the water in this case that belongs, as they say, to the “category” of both yours and ours, since it will be great to “provoke” active movements, but at the same time not make the body “sell shivers”.
For a "snack"
Well, for a "snack", of course, I want to say about the temperature. The most ideal option is when it is also set to a temperature of 36 -37 ° C. Water of this temperature is not only the best way to save the body's energy, but also the best way to protect it from the risk of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
An exception to the rule that allows you to “relax” can only be the summer heat, which allows 22-24 ° C of water in your glass.
But the temperature of the water with a higher temperature, ideally, should not be set for “every” day, but only, for example, for specific courses of mineral treatment and, for example, for diseases accompanied by increased acidity of gastric juice.
It is no secret that the price of housing and communal services is growing from year to year, and the amount of natural resources is limited, so the issue of saving water is of crucial importance. In this article, we will determine what should be the average water consumption in the shower per person in accordance with the regulations. In addition, we will look at how to reduce consumption rates without compromising the comfort of use.
The most responsible indicators
We will study what specific indicators must be observed in order for the shower to be ergonomic and comfortable:
| Temperature | Few people will be able to wash in cold water, therefore it is fundamentally important that the temperature of the liquid is sufficient so that any person can adjust it for themselves. Some people need 40 degrees, and some need 35 degrees, so the operation of the mixer must be of high quality and clear, so that all adjustments are made as quickly and accurately as possible, since this also affects the flow |
| pressure | It is unrealistic to ensure high-quality operation of the shower system if tight jets do not come from the watering can. Troubles with pressure can be caused by a number of factors, therefore it is fundamentally important to conduct a thorough diagnosis of all nodes and, if necessary, repair or replace them |
| Constant system pressure | A very important factor on which both the provision of constant pressure and temperature depends. There are frequent cases when, when an additional water flow, for example, a tap, is turned on, the pressure in the shower head drops and you are doused with warm or cold water, this is not very comfortable, so the problem needs to be solved. In some cases, the only solution is to install a pump that will maintain a certain pressure. |
| Consumption | It is impossible not to affect the water consumption when taking a shower, comfort does not depend on this, but the price of housing and communal services depends, especially if you have a meter installed |
Note! AT without fail take into account such a nuance as the purity of water - a lot of work parameters depend on this, in addition, with a huge amount of impurities, communications and a shower head become clogged from the inside, which leads to a deterioration in work or, moreover, to failure of the nodes.
Water consumption and its regulation
To begin with, we will consider the basic indicators laid down in the regulatory and technical documentation, and calculate the approximate consumption indicators. This will help you notice how much water is actually being wasted over a given time period.
Basic indicators
To begin with, let's determine which specific values are standard and are used in the calculation of indicators by most experts:
- The usual flow rate is approximately 12 liters per minute, if you have an enlarged watering can, then the value can increase to 15-16 liters. These indicators are generally accepted, but in modern conditions they can be considered obsolete, since through simple manipulations it is possible to significantly reduce these values and achieve significant savings.
- The average shower time, if a person is in a hurry, is 5 minutes, it is easy to calculate that at least 60 liters of water are consumed during this period, add to this the time to adjust the temperature, and the value will be even greater.
- The question of how many liters of water is needed in order to take a shower without haste, in addition, requires consideration. In this case, the average time spent in the booth is approximately 15 minutes, so the consumption will already be at least 180 liters, which, you see, is quite a lot.
Note! Keep in mind that malfunctions of the watering can and mixer increase consumption even more, so you should not use structures from which water does not flow in tight streams, but gushing in the literal sense of the word.
Saving Options
In order for the system to work without pressure drops, a comfortable temperature of the water for the shower was maintained, and along with this, the flow rate was optimal, one must not forget a couple of extremely important and necessary recommendations:
- Firstly, use high-quality mixers, preferably lever or, moreover, thermostatic (this option allows you to maintain the temperature at the same level, regardless of the pressure in the system and the ratio of cold and warm flow, the adjustment is made automatically). The second solution is distinguished by a high price, but the level of comfort is appropriate.
- Secondly, choose watering cans with narrow streams and an aeration system, with them you will no longer have a question of how to increase the water pressure in the shower, as they mix the air space and supply tight streams in the watering can, applying only 8-9 liters of water in 60 seconds. There are many options on the market, but it is better to choose products from well-known manufacturers. Only in this way you are guaranteed to receive a quality product.
- Another option for lowering the flow rate is special regulators that are installed in front of the watering can and represent a design with a ring made of elastic material, which, when the pressure in the system changes, regulates the amount of air in the jet, thus the pressure remains the same for you, moreover, during pressure surges. Apart from everything else, this node supplies a flow rate not exceeding 8 liters per minute.
Service features
In order to avoid trouble with the system, all its nodes must be periodically serviced:
- Filter elements must be replaced periodically, and reusable elements must be cleaned.
- If you see that water is not coming out of some sprayers and the pressure has decreased, go to remove the watering can, disassemble it and lower it for half an hour in a solution of vinegar and water, after this it is possible to carefully remove plaque, a narrow needle will do to clean the nozzles.
- In cases where it is impossible to remove the knot, it is possible to do as shown in the photo - pour the vinegar solution into the bag and fix it for half an hour, after which turn on the water at full pressure.
- If it comes to country systems with a storage capacity, then the hot water intake for the shower may become clogged there, the trouble is solved by removing and cleaning, the work is simple and it is possible to do it yourself.
Let's hope this little guide will help you reduce your water consumption. Remember that it is possible to turn off the shower while you rub yourself with a washcloth or soap - this also reduces water costs.
Conclusion
Save water - not only reduce the cost of utility bills, it allows you to save natural resources, which is extremely important in modern conditions. The video in this article will tell you some serious nuances from the topic we have discussed.