Training fight in boxing. Boxer Training Cycle

Boxing Melee

Close combat in boxing - training technique

Close range fighting is an important part of modern boxing technique. In close combat, only strong strikes are considered effective, this is especially true with a new approach to scoring in fights. Each blow must be applied powerfully with the obligatory inclusion of the rotational and rotational-translational movement of the body in the blow.

Melee is more like a ruthless carnage and has a number of related features. Unlike classic long-range boxing, in close combat there is practically no time to calculate and think about where to strike. In close combat, it is important to act instantly, on reflexes at the expense of actions worked out to perfection.

Close combat is a very important part of a boxing arsenal. Often the outcome of a battle depends on melee skills. To master the melee boxing technique requires heavy, stubborn, and long training, including physical.

Close combat in boxing. Strikes, stance and movement. Boxing lessons

Melee tactics

You can start practicing close combat only after mastering the basic principles of boxing at long and medium distances.

There are three main tasks of close combat:

carrying out attacking and counterattacking actions
defense, quick entry and exit from close interaction with an opponent
exhausting the opponent and reducing his effectiveness

Technical and tactical principles of close combat

Close combat is the most dynamic type of combat, which includes a number of techniques that form a spectrum of combat means - bent arm punches - side punch, uppercut, protection from similar punches - diving, dodging, methods of starting and ending contact.

Mastering close combat requires a lot of time to learn and train the same fighting movements. So that in the fight itself you don't have to think, but immediately act reflexively. If a boxer begins to think and calculate his actions at a short distance, then he may get lost, panic. And in close combat, this is the path to defeat. Here you have to go forward and fight, and the key to victory is combinations trained to automatism. In close combat, the boxer must be ready to trade punches.

Therefore, when training in close combat, most of the time is devoted to working in pairs and sparring.

Body position

The outcome of close combat largely depends on the position of the boxer's body. A stable position allows you to quickly carry out an attack, defense, counterattack and withdrawal to the required distance, use all the variety of tactical actions. This position is characterized by an almost frontal stance, stable foot position and slightly bent legs, due to which the center of body mass is reduced and stability is provided when interacting with an opponent.

Taking a shaky posture entails a loss of balance, dispersal of attention, an increase in the time of reaction, attack, counter-actions and going to a long distance.

Effect of muscle tension

Having grouped together and eliminating unnecessary muscle tension, the athlete gains an advantage in close combat, since he will not need to spend extra energy on effective attacks, counter-moves, defense, etc.

An open posture and excessive muscle tension lead to negative consequences in contact at a short distance, since the effectiveness of a boxer's actions decreases due to rapid fatigue, a decrease in resistance, and a weakening of the will.

If every movement of a boxer is rationalized, he will be able to implement the decision in the shortest possible time and with a minimum of physical effort. This saves energy and leads to the achievement of the set goal.

Accuracy and speed of movement

The basic quality of a close-range boxer is accuracy and sharpness of movements, thanks to which he gets the opportunity to take the initiative and carry out an effective attack.

When approaching the enemy, the fighter must alternate between muscle relaxation and tension. In this case, only those muscle groups should be used that are important for the implementation of the chosen tactical action. By shortening the period of muscle tension, the boxer saves his strength and increases productivity time, as a result of which he is able to work as energetically as possible.

The ability to coordinate your movements also plays an important role. Before making an aimed strike, the fighter must take a stable starting position that allows the use of the muscle groups that are needed at the moment.

Taking over the initiative

The successful completion of the duel in general and close combat in particular is due to the fighter's ability to seize the initiative. Before entering a close range, you need to prepare for seizing the initiative in order to force the opponent to defend himself, to subordinate his actions to his plan.

To do this, you need to force your opponent to take a position that allows you to carry out the intended technique. For this, a technique is used that forces the opponent to take an unstable position or open up. So, before striking a blow with the left from below and the next accurate lateral right to the head, a diverting blow (or several) with the right to the opponent's head is performed, forcing him to defend himself by leaving to the right. At this point, you can effectively implement the planned left kick.

Methodological foundations of training in close combat in boxing

In close combat, one should inflict the most powerful accented blows and put a lot of mass into the blow, and be sure to use the rotational movement of the body to increase its strength. It is especially important for a boxer to correctly strike from below to the head, using strong extension movements of the trunk.

In this case, the position of the fist when striking from below and from the side is also important. The correct position of the fist during impact increases its strength, creates a rigid chain: hand - forearm - shoulder, and also reduces the risk of hand injuries. The most optimal for achieving these goals is such a final position of the fist when the back of the glove is directed towards the opponent.

When entering close range, the boxer must quickly apply a more grouped stance with the obligatory transfer of body weight to the forward leg. Having been late by only one, two tenths of a second, the boxer runs the risk of losing the situation in the subsequent development of close combat.

To successfully master the elements of close-range combat, it is necessary at the beginning of training to widely use imitation exercises. The fulfillment of these exercises improves the boxers' ability to control the trunk (transfer of body weight from one leg to another, the feeling of a common center of gravity - hereinafter “body weight”) both on the spot and in motion. Only after the high-quality performance of these exercises, when the boxer "feels" the finding of the body weight when performing certain blows, can one proceed to the study of the elements of close-range fighting technique.

When striking at close range, the boxer must alternate them with the implementation of certain types of defenses, such as slopes, dives, squats and blocks. Therefore, after learning blows from below in the torso and in the head, it is necessary to move on to more complex exercises, where blows from the bottom and the side will alternate, single and combinations of two blows with certain types of defenses. At the same time, it is necessary in training to go from simple to complex, namely: first, single strikes are practiced and after them, variants of defenses, then single strikes are repeated, but necessarily after performing certain types of defenses and then the boxer is given more complex tasks with the implementation of combinations of defenses and strikes ... The main task in subsequent exercises is to teach a boxer to effectively alternate blows in close combat with certain types of defenses, i.e. to be maximally "charged" for a strong blow, but at the same time to be maximally protected from enemy strikes.

All exercises at the first stage of training are performed by the boxer from the position of the frontal stand, then the boxer is invited to perform the entire set of imitation exercises listed above from a position closer to the usual fighting position, but more grouped.

When studying and improving side impacts, the following rule must be observed: at the moment of inflicting a side impact with the left hand to the head, the boxer's body weight during the impact must be transferred to the right leg to increase the radius of rotation, and, as a result, to increase the impact force. When applying a side blow to the head with the right, the body weight must be transferred to the left leg, which also increases the force of the blow. The same rule must be followed for side impacts in the torso.

When performing exercises for teaching options of protection at close range, the following should be noted. Melee defense can be active or passive. Passive protection is used mainly in cases when a boxer cannot actively fight for some time, due to the state of "grogg" or getting into an uncomfortable position (corner of the ring, near the ropes). In some cases, passive defense is also used tactically to avoid close-range combat, as well as to tire the enemy in the first half of the battle to switch to active actions in the second part of the fight. Active defense involves the use of those variants of defensive actions that will make it possible to effectively defend and, at the same time, without losing control over the actions of the enemy, quickly go on the attack. In some cases, melee combat requires the use of both active and passive defense, i.e. combine them depending on the situation in the ring.

Exercises in a pair should be structured according to the scheme, when one boxer attacks alternately or by choice, and the other defends passively or counterattacks (in response). After learning these special exercises, boxers will master basic defensive movements, punches and melee punch combinations.

The following exercises are performed in a somewhat complicated form. The scheme of these exercises is as follows: attack, defense, counterattack, i.e. The attacking boxer, after striking a blow or a combination of blows, defends himself from the counter-attacking blows of his partner and, after the defense, again strikes or a combination of blows.

Further, the boxer is offered special exercises that directly solve broader technical problems of improving close combat. It is necessary to gradually increase the complexity of performing special exercises, from solving narrow tasks to performing exercises with broad tactical tasks.

The next, final series of special exercises should directly bring boxers closer to those combat situations and the solution of broad tactical tasks in close combat that they may encounter during fights in the ring. These exercises can be offered to those boxers who have already quite firmly mastered all those close combat skills that they received during the previous exercises. Appropriate equipment is required to perform the following set of exercises. Boxers need to learn exercises in a helmet, have a mouth guard, a bandage, and, if possible, especially at the beginning of this set, use 12-14 oz gloves. The weight of the gloves can be further reduced.

Several exercises in the final set

Exercise N 1. Both Boxers perform the same task. They are given the task to deliver single blows from below and side blows in the trunk and blows from below to the head. At the same time, it is forbidden to deliver short straight strikes, side strikes to the head, and also use protection with a step back.

Exercise N 2. Both Boxers perform the same task. They are given the task to apply only combinations of two punches in any combination, it is forbidden to use short straight punches and defense with a step back.

Exercise N 3. One boxer delivers only single punches (bottom, side), the other - only combinations of two punches (bottom, side). Boxers are instructed to constantly change their stroke patterns. Of the options for defenses, it is recommended to use stands, blocks, dives, slopes, squats.

Exercise N 4. Both Boxers perform the same task. They are given the task to deliver single blows and combinations of two blows, while it is imperative to consistently alternate single blows and combinations of blows.

Exercise N 5. One boxer delivers only a series of three punches, the other - only single punches. During this exercise, the advantage of the boxer who strikes the single blows should appear.

Exercise N 6. Both boxers perform one task. They are instructed to use direct blows to the head and torso at a long distance (a secondary task), when entering a close range (the main task), use the entire arsenal of equipment for waging a close-range combat.

Examples of exercises when working in pairs.

Basically, these are various three-hit combinations of blows. It is also important to practice the skills of approaching, breaking the distance. This is especially true against taller and longer-armed opponents who prefer to box at a long distance using the jab, or in the middle, actively connecting the right straight. A classic example of stalling is the double-pitch shuttle. That is, at first there are several cycles of movement in a conventional shuttle - back and forth, back and forth, and then sharply forward and backward.

You can break the distance with a slope or dive, diving under the enemy's leading hand. You need to catch such a moment of breaking the distance, and before that you constantly work with a jab. The front arm of a boxer intending to go into close combat should not hang around idle - punches must be applied constantly, preparing the ground for a breakthrough.

The enemy must be kept in constant tension. You can partially practice these skills at home in front of a mirror. But without working in pairs and sparring, in boxing, and especially if you are practicing close combat, there is nothing to do.

The Role of Combinations in a Melee Boxer's Arsenal - Combination Examples

Combinations are essential for short range combat. Movements must be honed to automatism. Three-hit combinations are preferred. They allow you to open up the enemy's defense and deliver a powerful blow. It is the third - the final blow in the series that should be accented, the strongest. In close combat, mainly side strikes and uppercuts are used.

I have three favorite, crown combinations that have worked well in practice.

The first combination: right lateral to the body, left lateral to the head and left lateral to the liver;
The second combination: right lateral to the head, left lateral to the head, left lateral to the liver;
The third combination: right lateral to the body, right uppercut, left lateral to the liver. This combination requires some skill to master, but is very powerful and effective.

You can find out about other combinations here:

Close combat - exercises for working in pairs at close range

Endurance training

Close combat requires good physical fitness. What kind of loads and exercises must be performed if a boxer relies on close combat?

Fighting at a short distance requires high strength endurance. This is constant pressure - there is a continuous exhausting of the enemy. With classic boxing at long distance, first of all, a good breathing apparatus is needed - after all, the boxer is constantly moving there. And in close combat, it is strength endurance that is needed, and one run is not enough here.

To train strength endurance, it is advisable to use weights, but do not overdo it with weight - the bet is on a large number of repetitions.

Start this workout, as usual, with a warm-up for 15-20 minutes. After that, you can spend 3-4 rounds of practicing punches and combinations, as well as shadow boxing with dumbbells or weights weighing 0.5-1.5 kg. The first round can be done with heavier dumbbells, and the following rounds can gradually reduce the weight, increasing the speed of the exercise. Next, you should go to leg training. Jumps, jumps and squats are ideal here. When squatting, it is worth using a barbell with not very large weight - such that you can perform 15-30 repetitions in one approach with 3-4 approaches.

At the end of such a workout, it is worth leaving the bar. The exercise is performed as follows - the boxer gets into a frontal position, takes the bar and starts throwing it out intensively - you can go up, or you can go forward and up. The goal is to throw it away as quickly as possible, while at each workout, try to increase the number of repetitions. You can throw the bar and not in the front, but in the classic boxing stance. Such training harmoniously develops the boxer's strength endurance - which is very necessary for close combat.

In general, weights play a significant role in the development of modern boxers. It's just important not to overdo it and avoid enslavement. The rules are simple. Most resistance exercises are best done with high repetitions. For example, I recommend bench pressing for 40 reps and working at speed, trying to do one set as quickly as possible. Gradually, in training, the weight of the bar should be slightly increased. At the same time, it is worth abandoning enslaving exercises, such as biceps curls, bent over rows, etc. The boxer is best suited for various bench presses, that is, those exercises where the bar moves away from you. Most of the rods, where the projectile moves towards you, enslave the boxer, increasing the volume and mass of the muscles that are poorly involved in the punch.

I recommend reading the book Close combat in boxing - Book by E. I. Ogurnikov. In the book, the author tells and comprehensively reveals the technique and tactics of combat actions of a boxer at close range and the method of teaching close combat techniques. Download the book: Close combat in boxing - Book by E. I. Ogurnikov

I wish you all success, boxing, be healthy and strong, good luck!

Boxing is one of the most spectacular sports. He is interesting to everyone. Fights at close range are especially acute. When approaching the enemy, you can make many mistakes, miss strikes, miss, resort to grabs or push the enemy. Therefore, it is necessary and important to train thoroughly in order to achieve good results. You can watch the main technique and the melee itself in this film.

The most comfortable position for close combat is the boxer's main stance. It helps well in close combat steps to the sides, it disarms one of the enemy's sides.

In general, all you need is to watch close combat carefully. After all, it not only tells in detail about all the features and tactics, but also shows how exactly you need to train in order to easily defeat an opponent in close combat.

Boxing Melee Instructional Film

Boxing Melee Instructional Film (Description)

In the future, there should be an improvement in melee tactics. Even if you are a champion, you still have to polish the elements of technique throughout your many years of training.

Strikes in close range are characterized by a minimum range of motion, but great purity. Elements of close combat should be persistently brought to automatism in special training battles.

There is no time to think, therefore you need to act decisively. Depending on the individual characteristics of boxers at close range, you can fight in different ways.

Relaxation of the shoulder girdle is of particular importance at close range. Developing an attack dangerously close to the enemy, it is imperative to use passing defenses. You can watch melee in this video.

A necessary condition for victory is the compulsory mastery of all melee techniques.

Boxing sparring is an educational training, but almost a real fight, which is held with the aim of comprehensive preparation for the tournament, aimed at practicing technique, speed and tactics. Sparring is an important process in preparing for a fight. In boxing, there is such a thing as a sparring partner - an athlete who spars to train a stronger and more famous boxer.

Purpose of sparring

When a boxer works in pairs, the so-called conditional fight, both receive tasks (work only with the right hand, defense only with retreat and duck, etc.), box easily, while sparring feels dangerous and unpredictable. A sparring partner helps to feel the upcoming fight and to hone tactics, skill and speed of strikes as much as possible. The Boxer thus becomes accustomed to strong punches and feels more confident during a real fight.

Boxing sparring video

How much time should you spend on sparring

Sparring is, of course, an important part of the preparation for the upcoming fight, and must be carried out in full so that the athlete can fully navigate during the fight in the ring. Therefore, athletes should pay a lot of attention and time to such training. It is precisely by carefully thinking over each fight, analyzing and correcting mistakes made, and applying well-trained techniques and combinations, sparring will give what is necessary. With each well-thought-out fight, the boxer improves his skills. Sparring is also called a free fight, it does not require a punch force, which can cause extra caution among boxers, but on the contrary, ease and speed of decision-making. Freestyle combat develops a sense of distance, timing and reaction speed in difficult combinations.

Developing tactics in sparring

In the ring, every movement must carry a certain tactical move. So, for example, fussy kicking with your legs will not do anything good, except for fatigue. That is why it is necessary to control the attacks, they must be carried out quickly and finished, almost at lightning speed. Starting from the correct distance, and ending with the strike itself, everything should be thought out, only cold-blooded and accurate strikes, since a hail of useless strikes takes a lot of strength, and this is best avoided. Calmness will help you keep more energy. It is very easy to remember the wrong movements, from which it is later difficult to wean a boxer. For example, the most common mistakes are a blow with an insufficiently clenched fist, a hook with the inside of a glove with a weakly bent hand. The Boxer must constantly monitor his position and try to maintain it. To develop good tactics, a fighter must greatly diversify the fight - go from ranged combat to infighting and back, be unpredictable, know from what distance he will deliver the most accurate blow during an attack.

Features of training amateur boxers, depending on the proximity to the competition. The entire training cycle of an amateur or professional boxer can be divided into 4 large stages.

Stage 1. General.

This stage is the longest in time. Takes from 1 to 2 months... The task of this stage of preparation is the development of general physical endurance, physical strength, and the development of basic boxing skills. The duration of training is usually 2 hours or more. Training intensity average.

Stage 2. Special boxing work.

Duration 3-4 weeks... The intensity of the training is increased to the maximum and reduced over time. The task is to teach the athlete to keep a high pace throughout the fight. The fight continues in amateur boxing for a maximum of 9 minutes. Therefore, it is necessary to train the body as quickly as possible to enter into the anaerobic zone expenditure of energy and maintain this state without loss of performance, throughout the entire fight. Maximum attention is paid to pair work, sparring and special endurance training.

3. Boxer's pre-competition stage. 1-2 weeks.

Loads are gradually reduced. Workouts are reduced to 45 minutes... The intensity of the training gets even higher and reaches the maximum possible. The task is not to get injured or get sick, to fit into the framework of the weight category. Weight loss leads to a decrease in immunity and therefore special attention should be paid to the athlete's regimen and nutrition. At this time, it is easiest for a boxer to get sick.

4. Competitive stage of training a boxer.

Unlike professionals, amateurs have competitions lasting several days (up to 8 days). Throughout this time, it is necessary to maintain a combat weight. (weighing every day) while maintaining good physical condition. Trainings, as a rule, are not held during the competition period.

The 5th stage can also be noted - this is the stage of recovery.

The athlete needs to recover psychologically and physically after a difficult competitive stage. Physical training camps are perfect for this, which will quickly restore the physical and psychological strength of the athlete.

Training of professional boxers

The training of professional boxers as well as the training of amateur boxers, divided into cycles... All training cycles for professionals follow the same sequence as for amateurs.

Fights between professionals and amateurs are different. Professionals conduct one long fight (up to 12 rounds), while amateurs have short fights, but they have to fight for several days in a row (up to 6 fights, every other day). Therefore, the preparation is significantly different. The task of the professional is to maintain a high pace throughout 40 minutes, and for amateurs for 9 minutes... The pace of the battle is lower for professionals.

It is contraindicated in amateurs to drive weight, tk. weigh-in takes place on the day of the battle, sometimes several hours before the battle. It is impossible to act completely "dried". For professionals, sometimes almost 2 days pass between weigh-in and fight. The athlete has time to recover. Therefore, the pros are losing weight. They use various prohibited diuretics and go out into battle with a weight of 5-15 kg exceeding the weight shown by them at the weigh-in. Most boxers use this method.

Close range combat is an important part of modern combat techniques. In close combat, only strong strikes are considered effective, this is especially true with a new approach to scoring in fights. Each blow must be applied powerfully with the obligatory inclusion of the rotational and rotational-translational movement of the body in the blow. At close range, in rare cases, a series of three or more blows should be applied. It is mainly necessary to deliver strong single blows and combinations of two blows, moreover, they must be applied selectively, alternating with active defense, from various directions and into open places.

The share of side punches in close combat is much greater than punches from below, but punches from below, especially to the head, are a powerful weapon in the technique of the strongest boxers. When analyzing the boxing technique of our boxers in domestic competitions, on rare occasions you will see the effective use of blows from below to the head in close combat. It is necessary to take it as a rule that in close combat, blows from below to the head are an effective weapon in achieving victory. As for the use of lateral blows, it is also easy to notice the rare use of our boxers with a lateral right to the head. And in the most rare cases, you can see our boxers perform side blows to the body.

It is necessary to revise the technique of inflicting side blows and blows from below in close combat. It is necessary to deliver stronger accented blows and invest more mass in the blow, and it is imperative to use the rotational movement of the trunk to increase its strength. It is especially important to teach boxers how to properly strike from below to the head, using strong extension movements of the trunk. An important circumstance in this case is the position of the fist when striking from below and from the side. The correct position of the fist on impact increases its strength, creates a rigid chain: hand - forearm - shoulder, and also reduces hand injuries. The most optimal for achieving these goals is such a final position of the fist when the back of the glove is directed towards the opponent.

The modern concept of close combat dictates the need to quickly apply, after entering the close range, a more grouped stance with the obligatory transfer of body weight to the forward leg. Having been late by only one, two tenths of a second, the boxer runs the risk of losing the situation in the subsequent development of close combat.

To successfully master the elements of close-range combat, it is necessary at the beginning of training to widely use imitation exercises. The fulfillment of these exercises improves the boxers' ability to control the trunk (transfer of body weight from one leg to another, the feeling of a common center of gravity - hereinafter “body weight”) both on the spot and in motion. Only after high-quality performance of these exercises, when boxers "feel" finding body weight when performing certain punches, can one proceed to study the elements of close-range combat techniques.

A boxer, performing punches at close range, must necessarily alternate them with the implementation of certain types of defenses, such as slopes, dives, squats and blocks. Therefore, after learning blows from below in the torso and in the head, it is necessary to move on to more complex exercises, where blows from the bottom and the side will alternate, single and combinations of two blows with certain types of defenses. In this case, it is necessary in training to go from simple to complex, namely: first, single strikes are used and after them, variants of defenses, then single strikes are repeated, but it is imperative after certain types of defenses have been completed and then the boxer is given more complex tasks with the performance of combinations of defenses and strikes ... The main task in subsequent exercises is to teach a boxer to effectively alternate blows in close combat with certain types of defenses, i.e. to be maximally "charged" for a strong blow, but at the same time to be maximally protected from enemy strikes.

When studying and improving side impacts, the following rule must be observed: when applying a side impact to the head with the left, the boxer's body weight during the impact must be transferred to the right leg to increase the radius of rotation, and, as a result, to increase the impact force. When applying a side blow to the head with the right, the body weight must be transferred to the left leg, which also increases the force of the blow. The same rule must be followed for side impacts in the torso.

When performing exercises for teaching options of protection at close range, the following should be noted. Melee defense can be active or passive. Passive protection is used mainly in cases when a boxer cannot actively fight for some time, due to the state of "grogg" or getting into an uncomfortable position (corner of the ring, near the ropes). In some cases, passive defense is also used tactically to avoid close-range combat, as well as to tire the enemy in the first half of the battle to switch to active actions in the second part of the fight. Active defense involves the use of those options for defensive actions that will make it possible to effectively defend and, at the same time, without losing control over the enemy's actions, quickly move on to active actions. In some cases, melee combat requires the use of both active and passive defense, i.e. combine them depending on the situation in the ring.

Further exercises should be structured according to the scheme, when one boxer attacks alternately or by choice, and the other defends passively or counterattacks (in response). After learning these special exercises, boxers will master basic defensive movements, punches and melee punch combinations.

Here are a few exercises in the final set.

Exercise N 5. One boxer delivers only a series of three punches, the other - only single punches. During this exercise, the advantage of the boxer who strikes the single blows should appear.

Based on his work experience, the trainer can add and expand all sections of the exercises with those exercises that, in his opinion, can more effectively fulfill the main task - to teach our boxers to conduct close combat.

Based on the article by A.I. Kachurin, V.A.Kiselev and O.V. Kravchenko:
A.I. Kachurin Methodological foundations of teaching close combat in boxing / Kachurin A.I., Kiselev V.A., Kravchenko O.V. // Jubilee collection of works of RGAFK scientists dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Academy. - M., 1998 .-- T. 4. - S. 115-118