International Olympic Day is a world-class sporting event. The purpose of the holiday is to popularize the Olympic movement, promote sports and a healthy lifestyle.
History and traditions
The holiday was established by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in January 1948 at 42 sessions in St. Moritz (Switzerland). The date has a symbolic meaning. It is timed to the creation of the IOC on June 23, 1894.
On June 23, the International Olympic Committee, relying on three basic rules - "move", "develop" and "discover", arranges sports, cultural and educational events. On this day, in many cities of the world, there are mass races at different distances, thematic seminars and lessons for children, meetings with famous athletes, exhibitions, concerts.
Olympic symbol - five intertwined rings of different colors on a white background. The rings represent the unity of the five continents in the Olympic Movement. The symbol was invented by the French Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The IOC approved it in 1913.
The Olympic oath is similar to the ancient one. It was also proposed by Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The oath was included in the official symbolism in 1920.
The Olympic motto “Citius, Altius, Fortius” was invented by the French priest A. Didon. Translated into Russian, it means "Faster, higher, stronger."
Fire as a symbol was first used during the IX Games in Amsterdam. It is pre-lit from a special concave mirror reflecting the sun's rays in the Greek temple of the goddess Hera. Athletes take turns carrying the torch across the continents of the globe. On the opening day of the Games, the relay finalist lights the Olympic bonfire from him.
The I Olympic Games took place in Athens (Greece) in 1896.
The corresponding decision was made by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1948 with the aim of promoting sports around the world, regardless of age, gender and athletic ability.
On this day, National Olympic Committees (NOCs), on the recommendation of the IOC, hold various sporting events, mainly running, in order to attract the maximum number of participants, thereby spreading the Olympic concept "Sport for All".
History
There are many legends about the origin of the Olympic Games. All of them are associated with ancient Greek gods and heroes. The first Olympic Games were held in 776 BC in Olympia, which was considered a sacred place among the Greeks. The name of the Games also originated from Olympia.
At the time, the Games were such an important event that the belligerent states ended their conflicts to pay tribute to the ceremony.
Religious ceremonies were an obligatory part of the ancient Olympic Games. According to the established custom, the first day of the Games was reserved for sacrifices - athletes spent this day at the altars and altars of their patron gods. A similar ceremony was repeated on the final day of the Olympic Games, when awards were presented to the winners.
A total of 293 Games were held in Olympia. The Roman emperor Theodosius I in 394 AD banned the Olympic Games as a "relic of paganism."
Revival of the Olympic Games
In June 1894, an international congress on the problems of physical education was held in Paris, which was attended by representatives of 12 countries. Baron Pierre de Coubertin proposed to revive the tradition of the ancient Greek Olympiads, who presented a report at the meeting.
It was then that the International Olympic Committee was created, with Pierre de Coubertin as its general secretary.
The Congress decided to hold the Games of the I Olympiad in 1896 in Greece, which was attended by 241 athletes from 14 countries.
Since then, 49 Olympiads have already taken place. Of these, 27 are summer and 22 winter. The games did not take place only three times (1916, 1940, 1944) due to the First and Second World Wars.
Over the past years, many athletes have shown outstanding sports results, hundreds of cups and medals have been won.
The movement gained strength with each Games. But it wasn't until 1967 that the IOC announced the establishment of June 23rd as International Olympic Day.
Currently, the Olympic Games have become the largest sports event on the planet. Their implementation is still based on the Olympic Charter adopted in 1894 - a kind of charter that determines the goals, content and nature of the movement, as well as the conditions for the celebration of the Olympic Games.
This document provides a clear definition of Olympism, which is a philosophy of life that uplifts and unifies the dignity of body, will and mind into a balanced whole. Combining sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a lifestyle based on the joy of effort, on the educational value of good example and on respect for universal basic ethical principles.
Symbols and traditions of the Olympiad
The Olympic movement has its own symbols, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The main ones are the flag and the coat of arms of the Olympics depicted on it - five multi-colored rings intertwined with each other.
Each of them symbolizes one of the five parts of the world, whose representatives take part in the Olympics. The blue ring is Europe, the red is America, the yellow is Asia, the black is Africa, and the green is Australia. Blue, black and red are in the top row, yellow and green in the bottom.
Intertwining with each other, the rings symbolize the unity of all parts of the world, all continents, all races, peoples and countries in the face of sports.
The motto of the Olympic Movement is "Faster, Higher, Stronger" (Citius, Altius, Fortius).
For more than a century of history, the ritual of the Games has developed: lighting the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony; pronouncement of the Olympic oath by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Games are held on behalf of all participants in the Games; taking an oath of impartial judgment on behalf of the judges; presentation of medals to the winners and prize-winners of the competition; raising the national flag of the country and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners.
The fire is traditionally lit by sunlight at Olympia in Greece and delivered by the torch relay of athletes to the city of the host of the Olympic Games.
Since 1932, the organizer of the Olympic Games has been building the so-called Olympic Village for the participants of the Games.
According to the Olympic Charter, the Games are a competition between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908, an unofficial team classification has become widespread - determining the place occupied by teams by the number of medals received.
At the same time, priority in establishing a command place is given to gold medals, and if they are equal - to silver and bronze awards.
The Winter Olympic Games have been held since 1924. With the development of the Olympic Movement, more and more countries are included in its orbit.
The sports program of the Games is becoming more and more enriched. Almost at every Olympiad, new sports appear in its program, and the number of Olympic awards being played increases accordingly.
Olympic achievements of Georgia
Georgia, as an independent country, has become a participant in the world sports games since 1996. During this time, Georgian athletes won 14 bronze, five silver and six gold medals.
The material was prepared on the basis of open sources
Every year on June 23, International Olympic Day is celebrated around the world. Librarian Yana Skipina tells about the history of the revival of the Olympic movement and remarkable facts.
The Olympic Games are the world's largest sporting events, held every four years. The Olympic Games of Ancient Greece, held in Olympia, were a religious sports festival. The first documented games date from 776 BC. e., although it is known that the games were held earlier. It is noteworthy that during the time of the sacred games it was forbidden to continue any military actions.
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| Pierre de Coubertin |
On June 23, 1894, at the International Athletic Congress held at the Sorbonne University (Paris), the French public figure and sports promoter Baron Pierre de Coubertin presented a report on the revival and organization of the Ancient Greek Olympic Games. De Coubertin's proposal was accepted by the congress participants, and it was also decided to hold these competitions every four years, inviting representatives of all countries to participate in them. On the same day, a special body for organizing the games was created - the International Olympic Committee, which included representatives of twelve participating countries, including Russia, Greece, France, Denmark, Spain, Italy, England, and the United States. The first president of the Committee was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, and the general secretary was the ideological inspirer, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. From Russia, the first representative in the Olympic Committee was Alexey Dmitrievich Butovsky, general of the Russian army, teacher and promoter of sports and a healthy lifestyle... He has been a member of the committee for six years.
It was decided to hold the Games of the I Olympiad in 1896 in Greece, the country that was the ancestor of these competitions. On April 6, 1896, the first modern Olympic Games opened in Athens. Then, among 241 athletes from 14 countries, medals were played in 9 sports. And in 2004, more than a hundred years later, more than 15 thousand athletes and officials from 202 countries of the world took part in the Olympic Games in Greece. Medals have already been awarded in 28 sports.
The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, began to be held every four years, with the exception of the years when there were world wars. In 1924, the Winter Olympics were also instituted, which were originally held in the same year as the summer ones. However, since 1994, it was decided to postpone the time of the Winter Olympic Games by two years relative to the time of the Summer Games.
The idea of establishing a holiday dedicated to the Olympic movement around the world was proposed at the 41st session of the International Olympic Committee in 1947 in Stockholm, and at the 42nd session of the IOC in St. Moritz, the project was officially approved. The purpose of the holiday was to promote healthy lifestyle sports throughout the world, to involve everyone in the sports movement, regardless of age, gender and nationality. Olympic Charter,the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, reads:
"The Olympic Movement aims to educate youth through sport in a spirit of better understanding and friendship, thus contributing to the creation of a better and more peaceful world."
On Olympic Day, various sports, cultural and educational events are held all over the world by the national Olympic committees - mass races, competitions, meetings with Olympic champions or famous people, thematic exhibitions, concerts, sports show programs. The main goal of these events is the promotion of Olympic values, the promotion of the Olympic movement, sports and a healthy lifestyle.
The symbol of the Olympic Games is five interconnected rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement. The color of the rings in the upper row is blue, symbolizing Europe, black Africa, red America, in the lower row, yellow Asia, green Australia.
There are several traditions and rituals of the Olympic Games:
Conducting the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games;
Lighting the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the fire is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by torches by athletes to the host city of the next Games);
Pronunciation by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics take place, the Olympic oath on behalf of all participants in the games;
Taking an oath of impartial judgment on behalf of the judges;
Presentation of medals to the winners and prize-winners of the competition;
Raising the national flag and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners.
The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable, prestigious and desirable in an athlete's career; in almost all Olympic sports, it is more honorable than the title of world champion.
All athletes, regardless of gender, nationality and political preferences, dream of an Olympic medal and consider it the highest award. And, of course, Olympic champions are the pride of any state.
Do you know what?
· At the first modern Olympics in Athens, the first place winners were awarded silver medals and olive branches. The second places were awarded with bronze medals. While for the third places the participants did not receive anything at all. And in Paris in 1900, the athletes were awarded pictures for the first place, because such a prize was considered the most valuable. But in 1904 in the city of St. Louis for the first, second and third places began to issue gold, silver and bronze medals, respectively. This tradition has survived to this day;
· In the modern Olympic Games, gold medals contain very little pure gold. According to the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee, Olympic gold medals must contain at least 6 grams of pure gold in the form of application. Usually, the organizers of the Games do not increase this figure, so the gold medal in the physical sense is mostly silver. But in the medals of the highest standard of the 2012 Olympics in London, the gold content is slightly more than 1%. The last time the medals, cast from solid gold, were received by athletes at the Olympics in Stockholm in 1912;
· From 1912 to 1948, Olympic medals were awarded not only to athletes, but also to cultural and art workers. Pierre de Coubertin, proposing to revive the Olympics, expressed the idea that it is necessary to compete both in sports and in art, but at the same time the works should have something to do with sports. There were five main medal nominations in total: architecture, literature, music, painting and sculpture. However, after the 1948 Olympics, it was decided to abandon this, replacing the competition with the usual thematic exhibitions;
· The Chinese national team did not win any Olympic events until 1984. However, in Beijing, within the native walls of China won a hundred medals, including 51 medals of the highest standard. The team of the Celestial Empire was able to surprise the whole world with its perseverance and hard work.
· At the closing ceremony of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, one of the most spectacular elements was the image of an Olympic bear lined with colored shields; his tear became the highlight of the number. But few people know that initially it was not in the script, but at the rehearsal one extra holding the shield, by mistake raised it up not with the dark, but with the light side. When the leader said to change sides, all the extras in this row began to carry out the order. As a result, the wave that rolled immediately reminded everyone of a teardrop, in this form it was included in the ceremony.
· The Sochi Olympic Games are the twenty-second Winter Games in history. It is noteworthy that in 1980 Moscow hosted the twenty-second Summer Olympics.
· During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, McDonald's launched a marketing campaign that received a free glass of cola for every bronze medal American athletes won, a serving of fries for a silver one, and a big mac for a gold one. company to financial disaster, because the Soviet government decided not to send a delegation to this Olympics, because of which the United States won many more medals than was planned.
· 106 daysthe Olympic torch marathon in Vancouver lasted in 2010. Until recently, it was he who was considered the longest and passed through 200 settlements with the participation of 12,000 people. But Russia has broken all records. The 2014 Olympic torch relay began on October 7, 2013 in Moscow and ended on February 7, 2014 in Sochi. The Olympic flame covered more than 60,000 km, and the number of torchbearers exceeded 14,000.
And literally at this time, the European Games are being held for the first time, which are held in Baku (Azeirbajan) from June 12 to 28.2015 year. 6,200 athletes from fifty European countries take part in the games and 253 sets of awards are played.
The symbols of the European Games in Baku are the images of Jeyran (gazelle) - a symbol of grace, natural beauty, grace and purity, and Nara (pomegranate) - a symbol of life and energy. It was noted that Jeyran and Nar reflect the history of Azerbaijan and its promising future.
Yana Skipina, librarian of the Central Library named after A.S. Pushkin
It is celebrated annually on June 23 to commemorate the revival of the Olympic traditions on the planet, which set the goal of educating young people through sports to achieve mutual understanding between peoples and countries, and to strengthen peace on Earth. On this day, the National Olympic Committees organize competitions in various sports disciplines; the mass race is very popular. Everyone goes to the distance: professional athletes, sports veterans, beginners, amateurs and those who simply want to take part. Maximum coverage of the population is the main principle of the Olympic motto "Sport for All!" Participation in such competitions is a great way to pay tribute to the great tradition of the Olympic Games, the ideas of fair competition, self-improvement and self-development.
history of the holiday
The holiday was established in 1948 at the 42nd session of the IOC. The date of the celebration was not chosen by chance - June 23, 1894 went down in history as the day the IOC was founded after the historic performance of one of the main inspirers of the revival of the Olympic traditions, Pierre de Coubertin. He also became the head of the created committee. Meanwhile, the idea of establishing a special holiday dedicated to the Olympic movement on the planet and allowing people to tell people about the main Olympic principles was first voiced at the 41st session of the International Olympic Committee (abbreviated as IOC) in Stockholm in 1947.
In order to choose the date of the holiday, a historical premise was needed. In June 1894, the International Congress on the Problems of Physical Education was held in Paris, in which representatives of 12 states took part. Every year, new participating countries traditionally include this event in the school curriculum.
In recent years, many National Olympic Committees have added timed concerts and themed exhibitions to the celebrations. Recent activities of the NOC have included meeting-conversations of children and young people with the best athletes and Olympians, the development of new websites to help people join the sport and inform about sports events in the community.
Every 4 years new Olympic champions are revealed in our world. The Olympics are events that bring out strong athletes not only physically, but also spiritually. There is International Olympic Day in June. On this day, it is customary to hold a mass race for citizens of any age and any degree of training. On one of those days I had to take part in a race. I really liked this event. On this day, I made new acquaintances and friends.
Such events are created in order to strengthen the general spirit, develop willpower, develop physical fitness and maintain sports culture at a high level.
A sedentary lifestyle, constant use of computer technology reduces activity and reduces the burden on the body. This deteriorates health and well-being. Therefore, young people, schoolchildren and the older generation need to regularly exercise, go to sports sections and try to become Olympic champions.
Olympic champions are respected all over the world. These are the people who have great stamina, willpower and a desire to win. Olympic champions are not born with all the abilities that helped them win. Olympic champions develop all of these abilities with daily work, grueling training and a constant striving for excellence.
I like watching the Olympics on TV. It's always very exciting and interesting enough. Sometimes I imagine myself as an Olympic champion with a medal around my neck. I want the citizens of our country to win in all Olympiads and that everyone respects our athletes. Therefore, I think the celebration of the Olympic day is right. There should be as many such sports days all over the world.
4th grade. 7-8 offers
Several interesting compositions
- Composing My Summer Vacation
The long-awaited summer has come. Three months of rest. My parents decided not to spend it at the dacha, but to take me out to the sea. So that I get tanned and improve my health. Since I do not tolerate heat well
- The main characters of the Word about Igor's regiment (characteristics in the table)
Igor is a great prince with great power over people and lands. In the word, he is presented as a brave, brave, ambitious, but proud and reckless person.