It is believed that rugby appeared in 1823 year when someone William Webb Ellis while playing football at the Rugby school, he took the ball in his hands and ran with it to the gate. However, there were no clearly established rules for a long time, the teams agreed on them every time before the match. When the English Football Association was created in 1863, it forbade taking the ball in hand and trying to take it away from an opponent. So familiar to us football and rugby became separate sports.

In 1871, the Rugby Football Union was created, uniting twenty-one English clubs. Then the official rules of the game appeared. The Scottish Rugby Union was founded in 1873 and the Irish Union in 1875. In 1890 they merged into the International Rugby Football Board, which later included Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

The first international match was played on 27 March 1871 in Edinburgh between England and Scotland. Soon rugby spread to other countries, in particular, to many possessions of Britain: Australia, New Zealand (1870), South Africa (1875).

Gradually, the game spread to other countries. The International Amateur Rugby Federation (FIRA) was created in 1934.

Speaking about the history and development of rugby, its place in the sports world, one cannot pass by the largest sports competitions of our time - the Olympic Games. The initiators of the inclusion of rugby in the Olympics were representatives of Romania, where rugby has long been very popular. Rugby first appeared in the program of the Paris Olympics in 1900. The places in the Olympic tournament were distributed as follows: the first - France, the second - Germany, and the ancestor of the game - the UK team - was only the third. In 1908, in London, the British again failed to achieve first place, but the combined team, made up of players from Australia and New Zealand, won. In 1920, in Antwerp, the USA rugby players became champions, defeating the French team. For the 1924 Olympics in Paris, the Colomb stadium, huge at that time, was built for sixty thousand seats with a rugby field - 144x74 meters, including test fields. And again the US team became the champion, the hosts of the Games took the second place, the Romanian rugby players became the bronze medalists.

After that, for a number of reasons, primarily the lack of a single international federation, rugby dropped out of the Olympic Games program for a long time.

Major rugby competitions

Rugby World Cup

In 1986, the Congress of International Rugby Federations took place in Australia, which decided to hold the World Cup among national teams. The Men's Rugby World Cup has been held every four years since 1987, and the Women's Rugby World Cup since 1991. Its first owners were athletes from New Zealand (1987), Australia (1991, 1999), England (2003), South Africa (1995, 2007).

Six Nations Cup

The main annual international competition in the Northern Hemisphere is the Six Nations Cup between England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, France and Italy. At first, four teams from Great Britain and Ireland (the so-called Home Nations) fought for this cup. France joined them in 1910 and Italy in 2000. The winner in 2006 and 2007 was the French team, in 2008 - the Wales team.

Within the framework of the Cup itself, more "small" prizes are raffled off. The team that wins all five matches wins the Grand Slam. Teams of the four "home nations" additionally fight for the Triple Crown, which is awarded to the team that manages to defeat all three others. Wales last won the Grand Slam and Triple Crown in 2008. The team that loses all five matches receives a "wooden spoon".

RUGBY Championship

In the Southern Hemisphere, a similar role is played by the RUGBY Championship, which is played by Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Argentina. Teams from Australia and New Zealand additionally play the Bledisloe Cup in matches between themselves.

Rugby- sports team game with an oval-shaped ball on a court with an H-shaped gate. Purpose of the game: by passing the ball to each other with hands (only backwards) or feet (in any direction), ground it in the in-goal or score into the opponent's goal, for which the team is awarded a certain number of points. The team with the most points at the end of the match wins.

Rugby rules allow tough power struggle, respectively, players are required to have good physical and functional training, endurance, mobility, strength, wrestling skills and certain moral and volitional qualities. In many countries, rugby is popular in power structures and special forces: for example, in the USSR it was cultivated in parts of the Airborne Forces.

Rugby is currently played in over 100 countries, primarily in Europe, Africa, South America and the Pacific. The total number of players is several million people.

History of rugby

The roots of rugby in its modern form go back to 1823. The traditional version of the origin of rugby is as follows: this game was invented by William Webb Ellis at a school in the city of Rugby in Warwickshire. At that time, students from many schools played a team game similar to rugby and football at the same time. There were not so many rules in this game. In one of these matches, Webb Ellis decided to play "foul": he simply grabbed the ball and ran towards the opponent with it in his hands. Many now doubt that the Webb Ellis story actually took place, but this version is considered generally accepted.

Nearly 50 years after the Webb Ellis "hoax" - on January 26, 1871 - club representatives from all over England met and formed an organization called the Rugby Football Union, which was called upon to lead the development of this sport. The main task was to adopt a single set of rules.

Two months later, on March 27, the first ever international rugby match between England and Scotland took place.

However, as rugby clubs began to gain strength, a scandal erupted in 1893. There were rumors that clubs from the north of England were offering players money for moving from one team to another. The Rugby Union did not agree with this state of affairs at all. The leadership of the union believed that the game should have remained amateur - there should not be any monetary payments in it. However, teams from Yorkshire and Lancashire have insisted that they need to pay money to players who lost in "civilian" wages by participating in matches. When the rugby union rejected wage proposals outright, the rebel clubs decided to leave the organization. There was a split. These clubs in August 1895 organized the Northern Rugby Union. The name of the organization was soon changed to Rugby League. Not only the name has changed, but also the rules, and, to a large extent. This is how there are now two different sports: rugby union (or regular rugby) and rugby league (or rugby 13).

Rugby has long been an amateur sport. However, in the 1980s, top rugby union players began to leave their clubs to play rugby league at a professional level. And only in 1995 rugby union gave up and switched to a professional track. This meant that rugby players could now earn a living from their game. Since then, rugby around the world has become stronger and more interesting every year. And the name of Webb Ellis is immortalized in history: it is the name of the cup awarded to the winner of the Rugby World Cup, which takes place every four years.

The Rugby Union of the USSR was founded in 1936, at the same time the USSR national team was formed. In 1991 and 1992 there was a CIS rugby team.The Russian team has never played in the final tournament of the Rugby World Cup.

If you are tired of e-sports, gentle footballers who miss the goal from five meters have got you, hockey is not the same anymore, and throwing dwarfs is somehow unpopular in our country, then we advise you to pay attention to rugby. This is really a sport for real men!

What it is?

Rugby, and more precisely, its most popular variety, rugby union, is a team sport with a ball. Like football, but not football at all. Firstly, the ball here is oval in shape, secondly, it is played, including with hands, and thirdly, here you can grab and push your opponents.

The goal of the game is simple - passing the ball to each other with your hands and feet, you need to bring it into the opponent's end zone or score it into a high H-shaped goal. In this case, you need to prevent the enemy from doing the same, and then victory is in your pocket.

Rugby originates from ball games popular in the past in England. From the same place, where, however, and football. Each village had its own rules, but almost everywhere the game with hands was welcomed, and if your fellow villagers didn’t mind, then it was quite possible to push, making your way to the opponent’s goal. When the ball game was firmly established in every educational institution in the UK, it became necessary to outline the rules common to all: when teams from different schools met on the field, they were used to playing in their own way, no game worked - it turned out discord, quarrel and fight.

In one of the English towns, which was called (yes, you guessed it) Rugby, the rules of the local school forbade running with the ball in your hands to the opponent's goal. According to a widespread legend, in 1823, at one of the matches, the hooligan student William Webb Ellis broke the rules, grabbed the ball with his hands, ran across the entire field and brought it into the opponent's goal. The boys liked it, more and more people wanted to play that way, and in 1870 the Rugby school introduced its own rules for football, which they called "rugby".

Separately, it is worth talking about why the rugby ball has an oval shape. It is very convenient for holding the ball in your hands, but makes it completely unpredictable after bouncing off the ground. Before the advent of vulcanized rubber, all balls were made from the bladders of pigs wrapped in leather and, of course, differed in size from each other, until in 1892 the standard sizes and shape of the ball were prescribed in the rules. Synonymous with the rugby ball is the word "Gilbert" - the most popular company for their manufacture, founded in 1823 by William Gilbert, the owner of a shoe store located directly opposite the school in Rugby. It was he who first drew attention to the increasingly popular sport and launched mass production of rugby balls.

How to play it?

Rugby union is played by two teams of 15 people (8 attackers and 7 defenders) on a field measuring 100 by 70 meters for two halves of 40 minutes. At the edges of the field there are H-shaped gates where the ball is scored with the feet, behind them there is a scoring area where you need to bring the ball with your hands.

The game begins with a kick on the ball from the center of the field, after which all the players of the attacking team rush forward. Each player can run with the ball and break through the opponent's defense, or pass to a teammate. At the same time, passes are allowed only back and sideways, passing the ball to a player of his team who is closer to the opponent's end zone is prohibited. This rule does not apply to kicking the ball. In the case of an unintentional forward play, a “scrum” is assigned, in the case of an intentional play, a free kick.

Scrum

From each team, eight players participate in the “battle”, who line up in three lines and wrap around each other, and then close up with rivals and try to push them through. A kind of tunnel is created between the teams, into which the midfielder throws the ball so that the players of both teams can hook it with their foot and move it back to enter the game from behind the foot of the last player in the “scrum”.

The scrum is over if the ball has left it or if it has turned 90°.
The ball carrier can be attacked by an opponent from the side, from behind or from the front. Grabs with arms above shoulder level and grips of the opponent in the air are prohibited and are punishable by free kicks. Play on the ground is prohibited: if the player with the ball falls to the ground, he must release it as soon as possible towards his goal. If several players begin to fight for the ball on the ground at once, a “ruck” (ruck) is formed above them.

"Ruck"

Teammates form a defense over a fallen comrade and the ball, preventing opponents from reaching the ball until it is put back into play. The task of the players in the "ruck" is to pass the opponent's rugby players and return the ball to the game. The player can enter the fight in the "ruck" only from behind - from the side of his own goal, if this rule is violated - a free kick is awarded.

You can also move the ball across the field towards the opponent's end zone with the help of a maul. In this case, the players (one of them with the ball) grapple with each other and start moving towards the opponent’s score, and the opponent tries to prevent them from doing this by building an oncoming “pier”. This is a very entertaining element of the game. If your team is physically superior to the enemy, then in this way you can completely move up to the opponent's record.

Mol ("Maul")

If the ball goes out of bounds (the player with the ball stepped over the side line with any part of his body or the ball flew there on his own), a “corridor” (line-out) draw is assigned.

The attackers of each team line up opposite each other in a row. The ball is thrown into the “corridor” from the side line in the middle between the rows of players and both teams of opponents are fighting for it. As a rule, forwards lift the tallest players by the hips so that they will be the first to grab the ball in the air.

There are four ways to earn points in rugby

Try (Try)
The player brings the ball into the opponent's end zone and touches it to the ground while holding the ball in his hands. For a successful "attempt" the team receives 5 points.

Implementation
The team that makes a successful attempt is entitled to a kick on goal. It is performed from a point opposite the place where the try was scored, a few meters from the end line. The player kicks the ball, trying to put it over the crossbar and between the bars of the H-shaped goal. An accurate hit will bring his team another 2 points. Thus, a team in one attack can score 7 points.

Penalty
For some violations of the rules, a free kick is awarded to the goal. It breaks through from the point of violation according to the same rules as "implementation". A goal from a free kick will bring the team 3 points.

Free kick (Drop goal)
At any time during the match, the player with the ball may take a free kick. He throws the ball on the ground in front of him (mandatory) and kicks it, trying to hit the goal. A successful rebound kick will earn the team 3 points.

Team spirit

Rugby brings together very different, but mostly pleasant people, in whom it brings up a real spirit of gentlemanship and friendship. It is a mistake to assume that rugby is played by huge, one hundred and twenty-kilogram, two-meter tall ones. Rugby has a place for everyone. Each position in rugby is unique and requires players with characteristic physical characteristics. First line forwards are the heaviest ("pillars"), second line forwards are the tallest ("castles"), and third line forwards must combine physical strength, endurance and decent speed. Midfielders are shorter and lighter than forwards, strength and size are not the determining factors here. Defenders are the fastest and often the lightest players on the team; they must catch up and intercept the enemy on their territory.

But one thing is invariable - they are all members of the same team and fight shoulder to shoulder with the same opponent. Strength of mind, perseverance and mutual respect - these are the qualities that are necessary for playing rugby. Height, age and weight matter much less. Rugby is also played by really beautiful representatives of the fair sex, to whom all these qualities are no less inherent.

Rugby is the second most popular sport in the world after football. Rugby is played in over 120 countries.

Rugby is very popular in Great Britain and its former dominions: New Zealand, Australia, South Africa. But in recent years it has been gaining momentum in the countries of the Old World and even in such states as Georgia and Japan.

Rugby union is not yet part of the Olympic program, but a more dynamic version of rugby 7 (7 players per team) will be presented at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. The main obstacle for rugby union on the way to the Olympic family is the seven-day break between games, regulated by the provisions of the International Rugby Federation, because of which a full-fledged rugby tournament cannot be included in the 16-day program of the Olympic Games.

Rugby is often unfairly considered a very traumatic sport, in fact it is not. The lack of protective equipment in rugby is perceived by many as an additional risk factor, but on the contrary, it indicates its safety. For rugby players, only a mouthguard is required to protect the teeth. They can also use thin helmets and elastic joint protection. Rugby players get injuries of mild and moderate severity no more often than football players, basketball players or athletes.

There is absolutely no simulation in rugby, it is simply unthinkable.

In rugby, it is forbidden to argue or even just talk with the referee. At a signal from the referee, the huge men turn around and do what he tells them to do.

The New Zealand All Blacks are the most successful rugby team in the world. Throughout its history, it has won 74% of matches. In a small island country, rugby is the real national sport. Almost like a religion. Also, New Zealand rugby players are famous for the fact that before the start of the game they dance a frightening haka dance.

The most prestigious competition in the world of rugby is the World Championship, which has been held since 1987. This tournament is played every four years, the winner of the championship is awarded the Webb Ellis Cup.

The Rugby Union World Cup takes place every four years. This time in the UK. All matches of the group stage have already been completed - ahead of the playoffs. The World Cup matches are broadcast in Russia by the Peretz TV channel and on some online sites:

The essence of the game

Team in blue (Western Force) in attack

The game is played on a rectangular grass field measuring 100×70 m, the short sides of which are adjacent to rectangular scoring zones 10 to 22 m wide. The maximum size of the playing field is therefore 144×70 m, and the area is 1.008 ha. The duration of the game is two halves of 40 minutes of "pure" time (the referee stops the stopwatch while providing medical assistance to the players, during meetings with the side referees and the referee's work on video replays). After the expiration of 40 minutes, the game does not stop, but continues until the ball becomes "dead" (goes out or is played with a forward hand).

Players pass each other an oval ball, trying to bring it as close to the end zone as possible. If an attacking player brings the ball into the end zone and touches the ground with it, his team scores 5 points ( attempt, or skid; English try) and the right to an additional blow ( implementation; English conversion), which must be made from any point on an imaginary line parallel to the sideline drawn through the place where the attempt was made. Points can also be earned by kicking the ball into the goal from a free kick or from a specially executed kick during the game ( drop goal; English drop goal).

The ball can be thrown to a player of his team ( pass), but only back or parallel to the end line. The ball can be sent forward with the foot, but the striker himself or the player of his team who was behind the striker at the moment of impact can catch it.

rules

Team structure

forwards

1. Forward of the first line of the open side (left pillar).
2. Player (hooker).
3. Forward of the first line of the closed side (right pillar).
4, 5. Forwards of the second line (castles).
6. Closed flanker.
7. Open flanker.
8. Contracting (figure eight).

Defenders

9. Halfback scrum (nine).
10. Wandering midfielder (ten).
11. Left winged three-quarter.
12. Inside center.
13. Outside center.
14. Right three-quarter.
15. Fullback (closing).

Player positions

Positions of players in a rugby team

It is also interesting that in rugby forwards are powerful, but not very fast players, responsible for the power game, including defense, and pressure to move forward. For fast breaks, three-quarters are usually responsible (in English backs).

Glasses

Points in rugby can be scored as follows:

• Attempt(5 points) - a player of the attacking team puts the ball into scoring area located between the goal line (including this line itself) and the dead ball line, and, holding it with his hand, touches the ground with it, or presses the ball to the ground with any part of the arm or body from the waist to the neck inclusive.

• Penalty try(5 points) - assigned if the player could have made a try, but this did not happen due to rough play on the part of the opponent. A penalty try is awarded to the center of the goal.

• Implementation(2 points) - Any player on the team that made the try (usually the player with the best kick) places the ball at any point opposite where the try was made and kicks the goal. If he hits (that is, the ball flies over the crossbar and between the vertical poles, even if it is higher than them), the try is considered realized. Players of the other team must be in their own end zone.

• Free kick(3 points) - for some violations of the rules (see below), the referee awards a penalty. If the team entitled to do so decides to kick it, the ball is placed on the spot where the infringement occurred and one of the players kicks at the goal.

• Drop goal(3 points) - any player, when the ball is in play, has the right to kick at the goal. To do this, he must drop the ball and, when it touches the ground, hit it (kicks on goal from the hands prohibited). In principle, such blows (eng. drop kicks) can also be used for conversions and penalties, but usually they are not used in these cases.

Game progress

Main competitions

Rugby World Cup

As part of this tournament, the following are also played: Bledisloe Cup (eng. Bledisloe Cup) (between New Zealand and Australia), Liberty Cup (between New Zealand and South Africa), Nelson Mandela Challenge Cup (between Australia and South Africa), Puma Cup (eng. Puma Trophy) (between Australia and Argentina). In 2009, New Zealand won the Bledisloe Cup for the seventh consecutive time.

European Nations Cup

Main article: European Nations Cup

European teams of the second tier compete for the European Cup of Nations. The teams participating in this competition organized by the European Rugby Association (FIRA-AER) are divided into several divisions. The cup itself is played in the first division, where competitions are held for two seasons. In the 2011 edition, teams from Romania, Georgia, Portugal, Spain, Russia and Ukraine play in the first division.

Other varieties of rugby

Rugby should not be confused with rugby leagues (or rugby 13s) - a game derived from rugby, which is now an independent version of football (just like rugby and American football are different). A variant of rugby is rugby sevens under the rules of rugby union, with minor amendments. Rugby 15s and Rugby 7s are governed by the International Rugby Board (IRB). Rugby 10 is another variation of rugby. There are also non-contact varieties of rugby - touch rugby and tag rugby - which are used for teaching children under 12 years old, as well as as a sport for the whole family.

see also

	Portal "Rugby"
	Rugby in Wiktionary
	Rugby at Wikimedia Commons
	Rugby at Wikinews
	Project "Rugby"

• beach rugby
• Tag rugby

Notes

Links

Olympic sports
Summer

The official rules of rugby were established over 150 years ago. To make the fight spectacular and dynamic, they are periodically amended and supplemented, although their basis remains unchanged.

Playing area

A rugby field is a rectangular area covered with grass or dirt. Its dimensions should not exceed 100 m in length and 70 in width. The playing area and the scoring area are marked on the square. The field of play is limited by the side and end lines, which are not included in the territory of the zone. The in-goal area is the area between the goal line, the dead ball line and the side markings. The length of this site is from 10 to 22 m, the width is up to 70 m.

Parallel to the goalkeeper lines on the playing area, solid and limiting lines of 22 m each are marked, as well as a central marking that divides the entire area into two equal halves. Flags are set along the perimeter of the field, which also serve to designate zones and lines of the site.

Dotted lines mark ten meters (from the center line) and five meters (from the side lines) distances. A rugby match can be played on a football field if the markings and goals are replaced.

Gate and ball

Rugby rules provide for a goal in the shape of the letter "H". The height of the posts is at least 340 cm, the distance between them is 560 cm, the distance from the field surface to the crossbar is 300 cm.

Rugby is played with an oval ball. From above it is allowed to be coated with a dirt-repellent composition, which improves holding in hands. Its characteristics:

• Line length - 29-30 cm;
• Longitudinal circumference - 75-77 cm;
• A similar transverse value is 59-62 cm;
• Weight - 0.42-0.45 kg;
• Internal pressure - 0.7 kg / sq. cm.

Game process

The match is played in two halves of 40 minutes, excluding stoppage time. The break lasts 10-15 minutes, after which the teams change sides of the field.

15 people from each team participate directly in the game. They are subdivided into 8 attacking players and 7 defenders. Substitutions in the match are made only with the permission of the referee. There are two types of substitution (main and temporary, if another rugby player replaces the injured athlete for a while).

The equipment of athletes consists of T-shirts, shorts, boots. There is protective ammunition (helmet, shields, gloves, knee pads, mouth guard). It is forbidden to additionally wear hard and pointed accessories. Equipment design must comply with the requirements of the International Rugby Federation.

After the draw, the game begins with a kick-off at the ball from the center of the court. Then any player can take the following actions:

• Take the ball and run with it;
• Pass, pass or throw the ball to a teammate;
• Tackling, attacking or pushing an opponent in possession of the ball;
• Participate in the mall, cancer, corridor;
• Fix the ball in the end zone or fall on it.

Hits and goals

The kick-off is taken from the middle of the field at the ball lying on the ground. Points are awarded for carrying out various combinations, namely:

1. Try. A rugby player brings the ball into the opponent's end zone and touches the ground with it. A successful maneuver earns the team 5 points. If a try is stopped by foul play by an opponent, a free kick is awarded from the spot of the infringement;
2. A kick made after a try towards the goal. The team that made the attempt gets the right to take a shot at the goal. It is made from an imaginary segment perpendicular to the goal line and passing through the point of implementation of the attempt. If, after hitting, the ball flies over the crossbar between the posts, the team is credited with 2 more points;
3. Free kick. Its implementation brings the rugby players of the team against which the rules are violated three points;
4. A drop goal or kick from the rebound is worth 3 points. Doing it by hand does not count.

Positions and combinations

Rugby has several specific positions and combinations that have their own names.

Mol

This position occurs when one or more rugby players in physical contact move towards the goal towards the player in possession of the ball. A maul is created only within the site, it involves at least three players (a rugby player with a ball and one member of each team).

The shoulders and head of an athlete participating in a maul must not be positionally lower than his hips. A rugby player adjoining this combination is obliged to get involved in it, and not just stand nearby. Athletes in this position try to stay on their feet, a rugby player with a ball may fall to the ground.

It is forbidden to deliberately fill up the pier, jump on it. The combination is considered successful if the ball lands or the rugby player leaves the maul with it. The match may be stopped if the maul remains static and no progress is observed for more than 5 seconds. If an athlete with the ball falls to the ground or knees, a scrum is called.

fight

The combination is carried out at stops or violations in the match. 8 representatives from each game team take part in the fight. Having clasped hands with partners and closed with opponents, athletes line up in three lines. It turns out a kind of tunnel. The midfielder must throw the ball into it in such a way that the rugby players of the first line can reach it with their feet.

The scrum is lined up no closer than 5 meters from the side markings and the goal line, at the place where the violation was fixed or the game was stopped. The ball is injected by the team against which there was a violation or if it is attacking.

Positional features of the fight:

• The middle line of the combination runs along an imaginary straight line formed directly under the shoulders of the first line players;
• The average front row rugby player is called a "hooker";
• Athletes on either side of him are pillars;
• A couple of second line players - castles;
• Participants connecting the line No. 2 and No. 3 - flankers;
• The athlete pushing locks and flankers is called No. 8.

The scrum is considered to be over if the ball leaves the scrum in any direction other than the tunnel. Rugby players are not entitled to intentionally fill up the position, touch the ball with parts of the body, except for the foot and lower leg.

Cancer

This is the moment in a match when one or more rugby players of each team are on their feet and making physical contact. They are grouped around the ball lying within the playing area. Participants in the position try to win back or keep the ball with their feet.

In a ruck, rugby players must remain on their feet, have no right to deliberately fail a combination, fall on the ball or take it in their hands. The combination is considered completed if the ball goes out of it or goes beyond the goalkeeper's line.

Out

Out is fixed if:

• The ball, after being kicked, goes out of the field without touching the court, the players, the referee;
• He touches the ground outside the playing field, not in the hands of a rugby player;
• The player with the ball steps out of the playing area;
• The receiving athlete is behind or on the touchline.

From the out, the ball is introduced by a quick throw-in or into a built corridor.

Corridor

Competitors forming a formation parallel to the line of touch form a lineout. In each team, one of the rugby players prepares to catch the ball after the athletes in the lineout give him direction. Players not participating in the lineout shall take up positions no closer than 10 meters from the line of touch or the goal line.

Violation of the rules for throwing the ball from out is punishable by a free kick or free kick from the 15-meter line.

If a rugby player, being in his own 22-meter zone, carries out a clean reception of the ball, a mark (reception) is fixed.

capture

Tackling is the holding of a rugby player with the ball by opponents, resulting in him falling to the ground or touching the ball on the field. The tackled player and the tackler must quickly get back on their feet.

It is forbidden to obstruct the captured athlete, pull the ball out of his hands, fall on him.

Judges

The arbiter in the field leads and controls the meeting, compliance with the rules and the score. He gives signals with a whistle and special gestures, his decision is binding. Side judges obey the referee in the field, help him, signal their decisions with flags.

Violations

During the match, players are prohibited from:

• Attack or push an opponent running after the ball while performing a similar action;
• An offside rugby player may not intentionally interfere with an opponent in possession of the ball;
• Any athlete to try to break through his players in front if he came out of a ruck, scrum, maul, corridor;
• Prevent the enemy from moving around the "fight".

Dishonest and incorrect play includes the following offenses of athletes:

• Deliberately throwing the ball out;
• Hitting an opponent with his hands;
• Performing unauthorized trips and grips;
• Using attacking moves or blocking an opponent who kicked the ball but did not run after it.

Punishments

Violation can be punished with a free kick or a free kick. The blow is performed from the hands or from the rebound with any part of the leg. In a free kick, the ball must not go directly into the goal. Opponents can rush when a punch is thrown. The free is performed within a minute after the player has indicated his intention to take it.

When taking a free kick, the rugby player has the right to direct it in any direction, while the opponents must not interfere with the action.